Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'User Interfaces (UI) Logs'

The thesis examines the factors that need to be considered in order to undertake successful design of user interfaces for older users. The literature on aging is surveyed for age related changes that are of relevance to interface design. The findings from the literature review are extended and placed in a human context using observational studies of older people and their supporters as these older people attempted to learn about and use computers. These findings are then applied in three case studies of interface design and product development for older users. These case studies are reported and examined in depth. For each case study results are presented on the acceptance of the final product by older people. These results show that, for each case study, the interfaces used led to products that the older people evaluating them rated as unusually suitable to their needs as older users. The relationship between the case studies and the overall research aims is then examined in a discussion of the research methodology. In the case studies there is an evolving approach used in developing the interface designs. This approach includes intensive contribution by older people to the shaping of the interface design. This approach is analyzed and is presented as an approach to designing user interfaces for older people. It was found that a number of non-standard techniques were useful in order to maximize the benefit from the involvement of the older contributors and to ensure their ethical treatment. These techniques and the rationale behind them are described. Finally the interface design approach that emerged has strong links to the approach used by the UTOPIA team based at the university of Dundee. The extent to which the thesis provides support for the UTOPIA approach is discussed.

Electronic sports (esports) is an activity in which players compete against each other in video games. It could be beneficial for the esports industry if players were to perform more consistently. The user interface in the game is one aspect that could impact player performance. In this study, the six user interface element types defined by Fagerholt and Lorentzon in 2009 were used as the context for comparing player performance. The purpose of this thesis was to discover how the graphical user interface of competitive first-person shooter (FPS) games affect the player’s ability to perform mechanically and comprehend information, as well as determining what players value in such user interfaces. This was achieved through the use of experiments and interviews in the context of a game that was developed for this study. In the game, the participants played through levels with different user interfaces in which player performance was tracked. This study discovered that the diegetic user interface performed the best in mechanical performance and information comprehension. Meta-perception resulted in some of the worst mechanical performance. More cluttered user interfaces appeared to worsen reaction times. There was also a vague indication suggesting that more cluttered user interfaces worsen information comprehension. In terms of user preferences, the non-diegetic user interface was the most preferred. In contrast, the participants preferred the geometric user interface the least. Through the thematic analysis, it was discovered that various factors may be beneficial to consider when designing user interfaces using different types of elements. The factors are beneficial to consider because they may affect player performance. The factors are concerned with the following: information balance, contrast, clutteredness, use of numbers, position of elements, use of health bars, element sizes and presentation of ammunition stacks. However, further studies generating statistically significant results would be required to confirm these insights.

The phenomenon of mental models has long been studied in both cognitive science and HCI, yet their impact in knowledge transfer between user interfaces are not as commonly studied. Rarely are practical examples of this phenomenon studied from an academic perspective. Using a real world example, Skatteverket’s (Swedish tax authorities) information system Basregister, this case study seeks to explore the role of mental models in knowledge transfer between user interfaces. Method of investigation entailed utilizing two design iterations, three interview phases, and five participants employed at Skatteverket. This study investigated if, and how much design elements from well-known external- and the original- system impact the acquisition of new mental models for the newly produced user interface designs. Main results conclude that both external and internal design elements may be to tremendous benefit when the goal is to design with maximum knowledge transfer, as to reduce cognitive load on the user. However, that such implementations should be carefully instigated when designing new UI, and always from a user-centric approach.

In this report, the development and implementation of a desktop user interface framework is presented. It is built using web technologies and the Javascript framework React together with a web socket server to render the graphical user interface in an OpenGL environment. This is done by using the open-source framework Chromium Embedded Framework (CEF). The resulting framework and implementation has proven successful, with promising results both from a performance perspective and from a development rapidness perspective.

La presente investigación busca determinar el impacto del diseño UI de los softwares de gestión para el desarrollo de emprendimientos digitales en Lima Metropolitana. La hipótesis sugiere que el planteamiento de la interfaz de estas herramientas cumple un rol fundamental en la supervivencia de los emprendimientos digitales, ya que, de responder a sus necesidades, se reduciría la inversión de tiempo en prácticas de gestión e impactaría de forma positiva en la estructuración de los procesos de sus negocios. El estudio está dividido en tres muestreos no probabilísticos conformados por: encuestas para los emprendedores digitales de Lima Metropolitana, un análisis de los componentes gráficos de las herramientas más empleadas y tres entrevistas a diseñadores profesionales con nociones en herramientas de gestión.   Como principales resultados observamos que, en el ecosistema de emprendimiento digital limeño, el uso de estas herramientas se instaura conforme sus prácticas se complejizan. Por lo tanto, se prioriza el sentido funcional de la herramienta sobre su valor estético. Asimismo, se requiere de herramientas personalizables, cuya organización gráfica esté supeditada a las metodologías de gestión que emplean y sus componentes aseguren la eficiencia del software.  Por consiguiente, se concluye que el rol del UI de los softwares de gestión es sintetizar, organizar y codificar información según los requerimientos de los emprendedores limeños para facilitar su comprensión y posibilitar la internalización de metodologías ágiles en sus formas de trabajo, lo que repercute en sus niveles de productividad, la gestión del tiempo, la optimización de la comunicación y el seguimiento de objetivos.<br>This research seeks to determine the impact of IU design of management software for the development of digital enterprises in Lima Metropolitana. The hypothesis suggests that the interface approach of these tools plays a fundamental role in the survival of digital enterprises, since, if they respond to their needs, it would reduce the investment of time in management practices and positively impact the structuring of their business processes. The study is divided into three non-probabilistic samples consisting of: surveys for digital entrepreneurs of Lima Metropolitana, an analysis of the graphical components of the most employed tools and three interviews with professional designers with notions in management tools. As main results we note that, in the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem of Lima, the use of these tools is established as their practices become more complex. Therefore, the functional sense of the tool is prioritized over its aesthetic value. Customizable tools are also required, whose graphical organization is dependent on the management methodologies they employ and their components ensure the efficiency of the software. Therefore, it is concluded that the main role of the UI in Project management software is to synthesize, organize and codify information according to the requirements of the entrepreneurs of Lima to facilitate their understanding and enable the internalization of agile methodologies in their forms of work, what impacts on their productivity levels, time management, better communication and monitoring of objectives.<br>Trabajo de investigación

A geração automatizada de Interfaces de Usuário (IU) é objeto de estudo há muitos anos. Desde a década de 80, dezenas de projetos foram desenvolvidos e várias soluções apresentadas ao mercado. Entretanto, mesmo com os avanços obtidos neste cenário, inúmeras dificuldades ainda continuam presentes no dia-a-dia dos desenvolvedores de sistemas. A necessidade de processos, sintaxes e linguagens proprietárias associado ao elevado esforço de configuração e à baixa reutilização de tecnologias são os principais problemas nessa área. Objetivando sanar essas dificuldades, este trabalho propõe uma solução diferenciada para o problema, a qual reutiliza e integra-se à maioria das tecnologias comumente presentes nos ambientes de desenvolvimento e que conta com um exclusivo sistema de configuração, capaz de minimizar o trabalho de geração das IU. Sendo um típico gerador baseado em modelos, o software proposto é chamado MERLIN, e objetiva automatizar completamente a geracão de interfaces CRUD, as quais estão presentes em até 30% dos sistemas que operam sobre banco de dados. Para alcançar este objetivo, o software aposta no uso intensivo de heurísticas e na formação de uma estrutura auto-contida e realimentada de configurações, a qual reside unicamente nas classes compiladas da aplicação. Completando a sua arquitetura, um processo de geração em tempo de execução inibe a produção de qualquer linha de código-fonte, o que evita a necessidade de refatoração ao longo da evolução dos sistemas. Com esses elementos em evidência e focando inicialmente a plataforma Java, sinaliza-se uma solução diferenciada, apta para ser utilizada em ambientes profissionais de desenvolvimento.<br>The automated generation of User Interfaces (UI) has been the object of study for many years. Since the 1980s, dozens of projects have been developed and various solutions presented to the market. However, even with the advances obtained under this scenario, innumerable difficulties still continue to present themselves in the daily routine of system developers. The demands of proprietary methodologies, syntaxes and languages, the high level of effort needed for configuration and low reuse of technologies are the main problems in the area. With the object of rectifying these difficulties, this work proposes a solution specific to the problem, which reuses and combines the majority of the technologies already existing in development environments and relies on an exclusive configuration system, capable to minimize the work of generating the UI. Being a typical model based generator, the software under consideration is called MERLIN, and has as its objective to completely automate the generation of CRUD interfaces, which are present in up to 30% of the systems that interact with data bases. To achieve this objective, the software relies on the intensive use of heuristics and the creation of a self contained configuration feedback structure, which exists solely in the compiled classes of the application. Completing this architecture, a process of execution time generation eliminates the need for any source code, which significantly reduces the costs of refactoring the code throughout the evolution of the systems. With these elements in evidence and focusing initially on the Java platform, indicates that this distinguished solution is ready for use in professional development environments.

Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das Themengebiet der automatischen Erzeugung von grafischen Benutzeroberflächen (GUIs) im Kontext von Webservices. Es geht dabei konkret um einen Editor, mit dem Hinweise zur Generierung von Dialogen erstellt werden können. Diese Hinweise sollen dann von den dialogerzeugenden Anwendungen einbezogen werden, um eine dynamische Interaktion mit Webservices durch beliebige Nutzer ohne dienstspezifische Software zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit führt in die aktuellen Techniken zur GUI-Generierung ein und stellt Transformationsprinzipien vor, die eine Generierung ausgehend von einem formalen Datenmodell ermöglichen. Dabei müssen mangelnde Modellparameter in Beschreibungen von Webservices manuell ausgeglichen werden (WSGUI-Konzepte). Diese Zielstellung führt zum Entwurf des WSGUI-Editors. Die anschließende Implementierung berücksichtigt darüber hinaus Integrationsaspekte wie die Publizierung von WSGUI-Hinweisen, Einbindung von GUI-Übersetzungen und eine Vorschau auf die zu generierenden Dialoge. Abgeschlossen wird die Arbeit mit einer Bewertung des Editors, aber auch einer Reihe von Vorschlägen zur Vereinfachung ähnlich gelagerter zukünftiger Projekte im Umfeld von Webservices.

In recent years a type of Conversational User Interface (CUI) called chatbots has been more common, these are integrated and used on various platforms such as Slack, Facebook and Skype. Chatbots are based on Artificial intelligence and are a written conversation between a human and an intelligent system. One example is Microsoft‘s chatbot Zo, a social chatbot aimed to entertain. As chatbots are becoming more commonly occurring, the need to study peoples expectations and demands is important in order to improve the user experience and usages of chatbots. In this paper, a study is presented, looking at the requirements and expectations of a chatbot by novice users. The study showed that onboarding is important in order for users to perform tasks successfully. Onboarding is the process for new users to become successful when adopting a product. In the study, eight participants were exposed to two different chatbots, a human-like and a robot-like, and interviewed about their thoughts and experiences from using it. The chatbots is applied to the case of customer support for insurance. The participants received the tasks; sign a new insurance, cancel an old one, get a recommendation for an pregnancy insurance and react on a notification. The results from the study also illustrate the importance of giving the user feedback in form of summaries, give system status of what is going on, sentences from the chatbot should be with concise information, and being able to handle input independent of the formulation. Regardless of which of the chatbots the participants tried first, they favored the second chatbot because they perceived it as easier to talk to with less misunderstandings. This might indicate a learning curve among the users and hint towards the need to design for onboarding.<br>Under de senaste åren har en typ av konversations användargränssnitt, så kallade chatbots, blivit mer vanligt förekommande, dessa är integrerade och använda på diverse plattformar t.ex Slack, Facebook och Skype. Chatbots är en baserat på artificiell intelligens och är skriftlig kommunikation mellan en människa och ett intelligent system. Ett exempel är chatboten Zo från Microsoft, det är en social chatbot med syftet att vara underhållande. I takt med att chatbots börjar blir mer vanligt förekommande så ökar även behovet av att studera vilka förväntningar och krav som användare har, för att i sin tur kunna förbättra användandet samt användarupplevelsen av chatbots. I denna artikel presenteras en studie vilken har undersökt vilka krav och förväntningar som nya användare har på chatbots. Studien visade att introduktionsprocessen är viktig för att användare ska kunna utföra uppgifter korrekt. Introduktionsprocessen menar på den process som nya användare går igenom för att bli framgångsrika i användandet när de interagerar med en produkt. I studien, deltog 8st personer som fick testa två stycken olika chatbots, en som var mer människolik och en som var mer robotlik, sedan svara på frågor rörande deras tankar och uppfattningar från att interagera med dessa. Chatbottarna är applicerade inom kundsupport på ett försäkringsbolag. Deltagarna fick uppgifterna; teckna en försäkring, avsluta en gammal försäkring, be om en rekommendation för en gravidförsäkring samt uttrycka vad användaren ansåg om en notifikation. Resultatet från studien visade även på vikten av att ge användare återkoppling i form av summeringar, ge system status av vad som händer, meningar från chatboten ska vara med koncis information samt att systemet ska kunna hantera alla typer av svar oavsett formulering. Oberoende på vilken av de två chatbottarna som användarna interagerade med först, så visade resultatet att deltagarna föredrog den chatbot de interagerade med sist pga att den uppfattades som lättare att prata med samt att det blev färre missförstånd. Detta tycks tyda på en inlärningskurva hos användarna vilket visar på behovet av att designa för inlärningsprocessen.

Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das Themengebiet der automatischen Erzeugung von grafischen Benutzeroberflächen (GUIs) im Kontext von Webservices. Es geht dabei konkret um einen Editor, mit dem Hinweise zur Generierung von Dialogen erstellt werden können. Diese Hinweise sollen dann von den dialogerzeugenden Anwendungen einbezogen werden, um eine dynamische Interaktion mit Webservices durch beliebige Nutzer ohne dienstspezifische Software zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit führt in die aktuellen Techniken zur GUI-Generierung ein und stellt Transformationsprinzipien vor, die eine Generierung ausgehend von einem formalen Datenmodell ermöglichen. Dabei müssen mangelnde Modellparameter in Beschreibungen von Webservices manuell ausgeglichen werden (WSGUI-Konzepte). Diese Zielstellung führt zum Entwurf des WSGUI-Editors. Die anschließende Implementierung berücksichtigt darüber hinaus Integrationsaspekte wie die Publizierung von WSGUI-Hinweisen, Einbindung von GUI-Übersetzungen und eine Vorschau auf die zu generierenden Dialoge. Abgeschlossen wird die Arbeit mit einer Bewertung des Editors, aber auch einer Reihe von Vorschlägen zur Vereinfachung ähnlich gelagerter zukünftiger Projekte im Umfeld von Webservices.

Spel har förvandlats till en mainstream underhållningskälla och har utvecklats tillsammans med teknologin. Till en nivå som nyttjar en spelares alla sinnen för att fördjupa de i ett spel. Uppmärksamheten kring tillgänglighet inom spel har dock försvagats.Detta examensarbete undersöker de tillgängliga lösningarna som syftar till att hjälpa döva eller hörselskadade, främst när det gäller situationsmedvetenhet genom att ersätta ljud med en visuell representation. De i skrivande stund tillgängliga lösningarna jämförs sedan med resultaten i relaterad forskning och en undersökning som genomfördes för detta arbete. Målsättningen var att hitta vad som fungerade som en visuell representation av ljud, med undersökningssvaren som ger insikt i döva och hörselskadade individers perspektiv på lösningarna.Dessa resultat kan fungera som en referenspunkt för utvecklare som vill implementera en visuell representation av ljud eller liknande funktion i deras spel.<br>Video Games have turned into a mainstream source of entertainment and have evolved alongside technological improvements. To the point of being able to bring the player immersive gaming experiences that rely heavily on their senses. However, the attention to the accessibility aspects of video games has been lagging behind.This thesis explores the available solutions that aim to help Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) players, primarily in terms of situational awareness by substituting audio with a visual representation. The currently available solutions are then compared with the findings in related research and a survey that was conducted for this paper. The objective was to find what worked as a visual representation of audio, with the survey responses providing insight into DHH players perspective.These findings can serve as a reference point for developers who want to implement a visual substitute for audio or a similar feature intheir game.

Building complex games like Grand Strategy Games for both PC and console is a costly endeavour. Normally, two different platforms imply two different User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) designs, even though it is the same game. If the game’s UI could have similar designs for both platforms, this costly obstacle could be overcome. This study aimed to take the first steps to look at “one UI to rule them all”. Due to the lack of existing research on this topic, this study had to begin from scratch. This led to a focus on existing strategy games on consoles, and an evaluation of the User Experience (UX) of these games. Considering the lack of Grand Strategy Games on consoles, eleven existing strategy games on console similar to Grand Strategy Games were chosen to be investigated further with the aim to find possible best practices and/or the most important aspects of the player’s experience in these games. Through discussion with game industry experts (experienced and senior UX designers), the UI and UX of strategy games on console were broken down and grouped as specific game interactions, with emphasis on the similarity to Grand Strategy Games. By using the defined game interactions, a quantitative survey was carried out to pinpoint the game interactions with the biggest impact on the player’s experience. The analysis of the results from the 864 respondents in the quantitative survey showed the importance of console first. It could be determined by looking at how well the only console first game of the survey did. Halo Wars 2 had the overall best-perceived experience in five out of the eight defined game interactions. Yet the participants preferred playing Halo Wars 2 on PC to an equal extent as they preferred to play it on consoles, concluding that console first seems to be the design approach to use when a game studio wants to ship a game simultaneously to both PC and consoles since it gives the overall best player experience. Furthermore, the pace, meaning the speed with which the player can execute specific in-game actions and reach their goals, was found to be a major factor in the player’s experience of the chosen strategy games on console. This led to a further developed definition of the pace through discussion and workshops with industry experts. Research then continued with remote and unmoderated playtests (qualitative usability testing) of two of the chosen games being most similar to Grand Strategy Games; Stellaris and Sid Meier’s Civilization VI. These playtests aimed to find what are the most important aspects of the pace and how the pace affects the player's experience. When the participants were asked to rank what they thought has the biggest impact on the pace in the game, game mechanical aspects were ranked higher than UI and UX aspects of the pace. This shows the game mechanics to be more important than the UI and UX aspects of the pace when designing the pace in a game like Stellaris and Sid Meier’s Civilization VI.

Zeals är en mobil applikation där användaren tillåts att kollaborativt uppleva förväntan och erinran inför och efter en händelse. Genom att användaren bidrar med media som hon själv definerat som relevant för händelsen kan mobiltelefonen fungera som ett medium där kopplingar och relevans är upp till användaren. Parallellt har ett designverktyg för användarjämförelser tagits fram - Persona Activity Framework. PAF syftar till att genom ett scenario visa skillnader och likheter mellan tilltänkta användare.<br>This master thesis in interaction design deals with two major scopes. First, it will describe how a design concept regarding events is initiated. Second, and parallel, a practical tool for user representations will be formed and used to illustrate a foundation for design. By providing examples of projects related to how anticipation and recollection can be experienced we highlight our work area. In addition to this, we present tools that we consider beneficial regarding user insights. Out of these two fields we describe a process where a mobile phone application is created situated within industrial borders. The result of this process consequently consist of two parts each depending on the other. The application, Zeals, demonstrates both how anticipation and recollection can be experienced. The second part of the end result, PAF, demonstrates how we have represented users and concludes that it can be used in other projects as well. Hence, our final result needs to be interpreted depending on design approach and it’s nature.

Denna studie syftar till att utveckla tumregler för heuristisk utvärdering av typografi i responsiva gränssnitt. Genom att kombinera traditionella typografiska designprinciper med principer för responsiv webbdesign har tolv tumregler tagits fram. Dessa tumregler har i två heuristiska utvärderingar använts av grafiska designers och gränssnittsutvecklare. De båda grupperna har dessutom fått ge sin syn på upplevelsen av att använda tumreglerna. Tumreglernas förmåga att vägleda till hittade typografiska problem i två responsiva gränssnitt har analyserats och framförallt gränssnittsutvecklarnas resultat har varit i fokus, då målet varit att tumreglerna ska kunna fungera som ett verktyg för att skapa bättre design för gränssnittsutvecklare utan utbildning i ämnet. Resultatet har visat att trots att gränssnittsutvecklare inte hittade lika många problem som grafiska designers så hjälper tumreglerna ändå till att hitta problem. Detta indikerar att fler deltagare utan typografisk utbildning kan behövas för att komma upp i samma mängd hittade problem som en grupp med typografiskt utbildade deltagare. Resultatet visar också att utvärderingar av responsiva gränssnitt görs bäst genom att granska gränssnittet på flera enheter med varierande skärmstorlek.<br>This study aims to develop a set of heuristics for evaluating typography in responsive user interfaces. By combining traditional design principles for typography with principles for responsive web design, twelve heuristics has been created. This list of heuristics has been used by graphic designers and user interface developers in two heuristic evaluations. The heuristics ability to lead to finding typographic problems in two different responsive interfaces has been analyzed, and the results from the user interface developers has been in main focus, since the goal was to create a tool for developers with a lack of knowledge in typography to create interfaces with better design. The results has shown that even though developers struggle to find the samt amount of typography problems as graphic designers, the heuristics does help to find problem. Even so, this indicate that a heuristic evaluation with non-typographic experts may need a few more participants than an evaluation with only typographic experts. The results also shows that an evaluation of a responsive user interface is best made through evaluation of the same interface on different devices with different screen sizes.

One important phase in software development process is to create a design model of the system which follows all the architectural rules. Often the architectural rules are defined by the system architect and the system model is designed by the system designer. The architect defines the rules in a text file where no standard or pattern is followed. Therefore, there is always the risk of violating the architectural rules by the designer. So manual reviews on the system model should be done by the architect to ensure the system model is valid.In order to remove this manual checking which can be erroneous and time consuming ArCon (Architecture Conformance Checker) was developed by Combitech AB. ArCon is a tool which lets the architect define the architectural rules in the format of UML (Unified Modeling Language) models where the elements of the model have different meaning than the standard UML. ArCon can read this model and extract architectural rules from it and check the system model against those rules and then print all the rule violations.ArCon is an open source tool i.e. free for everyone to download and use. Currently, it supports Papyrus as the UML modeling tool. Papyrus is integrated to Eclipse platform and is a general purpose modeling tool. It supports users with all types of UML diagrams and elements.The idea for this thesis work was to implement a new feature for ArCon in order to facilitate the design process for system designers. The feature should provide the system designers only those types of elements which they are permitted to add to a specific fraction of the system model. The list of permitted element types should be extracted from the architecture model where all the architectural rules are defined in advance. This new support in ArCon was named Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) support.To evaluate the effect of DSM support on the system designers performance a few test sessions, called usability tests, were performed. The participants in the test sessions were a representative sample of software designers. After analyzing the data collected from the test sessions, the pros and cons of the new support were discovered. Furthermore, a few new ideas for enhancing DSM support were generated.

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies<br>Feature info is an interactive map tool that allows viewing background information about a map feature in response to a user action. Mobile devices come with a number of limitations, e.g. small screen real estate and the variety of screen sizes, that can affect map and feature info usability. Existing recommendations for feature info design [1], [2], [3] focus mostly on content, i.e. effective communication of data, leaving the “interaction design” aspect overlooked. This Master’s Thesis attempts at improving the visualization and usability of feature info interfaces in the context of mobile tourist applications and presents nine feature info design guidelines that address specific usability problems. The problems were identified through heuristic evaluation of five tourist applications and a user interview. Literature survey and two usability experts provided ideas regarding how several of these problems can be resolved. Three guidelines were evaluated in a lab-based usability test with twenty participants. On average, assessed guidelines demonstrated a significant positive effect on feature info usability by decreasing task completion time by 33% and increasing task completion rate and System Usability Scale (SUS) score by 26% and 28% respectively. Proposed guidelines are not restricted by any specific use case and can be applied to other application domains. Researchers and business practitioners can use the guidelines as a reference in their daily work.

Como integrar as metodologias User Centered Design, Atomic Design e Agile Software Development? O estágio relatado, em conjunto com as considerações que levantou, são uma tentativa de responder à questão anterior. Decorrido na Premium Minds, uma empresa de software, o estágio realizado teve como foco principal o processo iterativo de design de uma aplicação web. Das várias tarefas desempenhadas destacam-­‐se os fluxos de utilizador, a arquitectura de informação, os wireframes, os walktroughs, os testes de usabilidade e os mockups. Ao longo do projecto foram surgindo discordâncias entre as metodologias de design e as metodologias da engenharia e do negócio. Estas diferenças levaram à reflexão de que para optimizar o potencial de cada disciplina é necessária a utilização de workflows híbridos.<br>How to best integrate the methodologies of User-­‐Centered Design, Atomic Design and Agile Software Development? The internship here reported, along with all the considerations it raised, are an attempt to answer this very question. Taken place at Premium Minds, a software house, this internship's main focus was the iterative process of designing a web application. Of the various subjects I was tasked with, information architecture, user flows, wireframing, walktroughs, usability testing and mockups, stand out. Through the course of this project, some conflicts arose between design methodologies, and methodologies of business and engineering. These differences led to the reflection that, in order to optimize the potential of each field, usage of hybrid workflows is required.

Age-related physical and cognitive changes hinder the ability of older adults to operate smartphones. While many user interface (UI) heuristics exist today, there is a need for an updated set designed specifically to assess the usability of mobile devices for an older audience. Smartphone evaluation heuristics for older adults based on age-related changes in vision, hearing, attention, memory and motor control were developed in this thesis by analyzing literature on age-related physical and cognitive changes impacting smartphone usability. Support for heuristics was found by gathering information on how older adults use cell phones through interviews and an online survey. It was demonstrated that strength of support for some heuristics increases with age. The evaluated heuristics provide usability practitioners and designers with a framework for evaluating the usability of smartphones for older adults.