Academic literature on the topic 'User Need'

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Journal articles on the topic "User Need"

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Schaffhausen, Cory R., and Timothy M. Kowalewski. "Assessing quality of unmet user needs: Effects of need statement characteristics." Design Studies 44 (May 2016): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2016.01.002.

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Crewe, Albert V., Deborah L. Clayton, David A. Crewe, and Katarzyna Moscicka. "User-friendly field emission." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152549.

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We introduced the field emission source into electron microscopy twenty five years ago but in spite of the obvious advantages of such a source it was not an instant success. In fact it is only in recent years that the use of field emission has become significant, and even now it is only for high performance, high cost instruments.The reasons for customer resistance are not hard to find. Firs t there is the need for a UHV system, a necessity which brings with it a significant increase in cost and also the need for new expertise and training since UHV systems use different hardware and different maintenance procedures.Next there is the need for knowledge and experience with field emission and its peculiar characteristics. Tips need to be “flashed” and the operator needs to be able to recognize the symptoms which signal that need.
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Bottomley, Tim, Tom Carnwath, Julie Jeacock, Christopher Wibberley, and Mike Smith. "Crack Cocaine–Tailoring Services to User Need." Addiction Research 5, no. 3 (January 1997): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359709005263.

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Delguste, P., and D. Rodenstein. "Home ventilation: need a user support number?" European Respiratory Journal 35, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00162809.

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Armitage, Linda H., and Peter G. B. Enser. "Analysis of user need in image archives." Journal of Information Science 23, no. 4 (August 1997): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555159702300403.

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Enser, L. H. P. G. B. "Analysis of User Need in Image Archives." Journal of Information Science 23, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551974231830.

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Marriott, Alan. "Fisheries statistics: the need for user focus." Marine Policy 12, no. 4 (October 1988): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(88)90025-5.

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Kaiser, Robert. "Paramedics in need of user friendly body armour." Journal of Paramedic Practice 3, no. 12 (December 2, 2011): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2011.3.12.665.

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Schockenhoff, Ferdinand, Adrian König, Maximilian Zähringer, and Markus Lienkamp. "USER NEED-ORIENTED CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 3349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.596.

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AbstractVehicle concept development is a domain that has applied and detailed its process over decades. The megatrends of the 21st century of “automation” and “sharing” influence the vehicle concept in such a manner that this well-running process needs an update. The vehicle itself and the customer of the vehicle are changing and therefore the components of the vehicle and the input variables of the useroriented design of the vehicle concept must be changed as well. We present a development process for autonomous vehicle concepts to address these challenges. We are therefore analyzing the current definition of a vehicle concept and its development process. Based on a literature review of a selection of common design methodologies, we update this definition for autonomous vehicle concepts and present a development process that presents design concepts of autonomous vehicle in a user need oriented way. This includes the sharing of models since user needs could be fulfilled by more than one vehicle concept. We believe that the presented process can be a starting point for vehicle concept development of the 21st century.
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Glusker, Ann. "Thematic Analysis of Videos Suggests That YA Space Design Should Be User-Driven, User-Centered, and Flexible Enough to Enable Multiple Uses." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 4 (December 13, 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8602c.

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A Review of: Agosto, D. E., Bell, J. P., Bernier, A. & Kuhlmann, M. (2015). “This is our library, and it’s a pretty cool place”: A user-centered study of public library YA spaces. Public Library Quarterly, 34(1), 23-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2015.1000777 Objective – To add empirical evidence to the study of young adult (YA) spaces and creation of related guidelines by investigating librarians’ and teens’ perceptions of YA spaces and their use in public libraries. Design – Qualitative thematic analysis of video data content. Setting – 25 public libraries in the United States of America. Subjects – A librarian, and a teen of their choosing, at each of the 25 selected libraries. Methods – The researchers chose 25 public libraries randomly from a list of 257 libraries profiled from 2005-2010 in Library Journal’s annual index of new and renovated libraries. Each of the 25 libraries was sent a video camera, and the selected librarian and teen each recorded a narrated tour of their library’s YA space. The cameras were returned to the researchers, who had the audio of the recordings transcribed, referring back to the video for any narration that needed clarification. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcriptions to identify major- and sub-categories of space and space-use characteristics. Empirical results were reported as a numerical figure representing the number of videos (n=42 total usable videos) in which a particular theme was mentioned at least once. Main Results – Five main categories of YA space characteristics recommended by teens and librarians emerged from the thematic analysis. YA spaces need to facilitate: physical comfort; both leisure activity and information needs; both academic activity and information needs; a sense of ownership by teens; and improved marketing of the spaces as well as clear displays of library policies regarding the spaces. Sub-categories were also listed in each instance, as were counts and percentages of numbers of videos in which a theme was mentioned at least once. Conclusion – YA spaces in public libraries need to be user-centered, and the arrangements need to be flexible enough to be used for multiple purposes. Teens need to be involved in and drivers of their design and ongoing use. In addition, teens’ needs for social interaction, and leisure as well as academic support, must be explicitly incorporated into any planning. Librarians and libraries must adjust their focus on resources to better mirror teens’ focus on the activities that happen in YA spaces, both online and in person. In order to serve YA patrons, libraries must also actively promote YA spaces. This initial exploratory empirical investigation can inform future much-needed research on improving YA space planning. Research is also needed to examine the evolution of libraries’ YA investments as teen patrons’ needs change over time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "User Need"

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Chew, Selene Se Lui. "Designers as Entrepreneurs: An Investigation on Why Startups Need Design and Design Need Startups." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417611292.

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Li, Shuguang. "Beyond question answering : understanding the information need of the user." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4171/.

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Intelligent interaction between humans and computers has been a dream of artificial intelligence since the beginning of digital era and one of the original motivations behind the creation of artificial intelligence. A key step towards the achievement of such an ambitious goal is to enable the Question Answering systems understand the information need of the user. In this thesis, we attempt to enable the QA system's ability to understand the user's information need by three approaches. First, an clarification question generation method is proposed to help the user clarify the information need and bridge information need gap between QA system and the user. Next, a translation based model is obtained from the large archives of Community Question Answering data, to model the information need behind a question and boost the performance of question recommendation. Finally, a fine-grained classification framework is proposed to enable the systems to recommend answered questions based on information need satisfaction.
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Franke, Nikolaus, and Hippel Eric von. "Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software." Elsevier, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3094/1/apache.pdf.

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User needs for a given product type can be quite heterogeneous. Segmenting the market and providing solutions for average user needs in each segment is a partial answer that will typically leave many dissatisfied - some seriously so. We hypothesize that providing users with "toolkits for user innovation" to enable them to more easily design customized products for themselves will increase user satisfaction under these conditions. We test this hypothesis via an empirical study of Apache security software - "open source" software that is designed to be modifiable by skilled users. We find that heterogeneity of need is high, and that many Apache users are dissatisfied with standard security functionality on offer. We also find that users creating their own software modifications are significantly more satisfied than are non-innovating users. We conclude by suggesting that the "toolkits for user innovation" approach to enhancing user satisfaction might be generally applicable to markets characterized by heterogeneous user needs. (authors' abstract)
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Nolan, Kevin Patrick. "Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment and User Resistance to Objective and Analytical Decision-Making Practices in Employee Selection." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343479006.

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Yang, Binbin. "Enhancing User Engagement in Electronic Commerce Through the Transition to a Digital Ecosystem." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124532.

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Electronic Commerce (EC) companies are faced with a highly competitive environment today. Strengthening user engagement in digital ecosystems is a promising approach to increasing value co-creation. However, enterprise-oriented user engagement strategies examined in previous studies are relatively inadequate to meet today’s expectations. This paper looks to answer the question, “how to effectively strengthen user engagement to acquire a sustainable value co-creation system in EC.” A plausible user engagement strategy was revealed by analyzing a single case study in the music sector based on details of a digital ecosystem. Semi-structured interviews performed with company Xiami along with their users, show that the recognition of user-oriented needs and the expansion of user-driven demands are two key aspects for EC companies to maintain a sustainable growth of value co-creation.
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Khalane, Tiisetso. "Software quality assurance in Scrum the need for concrete guidance on SQA strategies in meeting user expectations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5670.

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The purpose of this study is to identify and present the concerns of project stakeholders in relation to Software Quality Assurance (SQA) in a Scrum environment. Guided by the tenets of Classic Grounded Theory Methodology, this exploratory and inductive case study presents a broad range of SQA concepts related to the main concern of “Meeting User Expectations”. In trying to resolve the main concern, the Scrum project stakeholders alluded to lack of “Concrete Guidance” on SQA strategies, tools, and techniques in Scrum. The lack of concrete guidance in Scrum requires a development team to devise “Innovations” which may include “Adopting Practices” from other methodologies and carefully designing the “Process Structure” to accommodate the “Adopted Practices”, ensure “Continuous Improvement” of the process, and provide an environment for “Collaborative Ownership”. In addition to the “Need for Concrete Guidance”, the study reveals two other important concepts necessary for “Meeting User Expectations”: the “Need for Solid User Representation” and the “Need for Dedicated Testing”. While some Agile proponents claim that the Agile SQA practices are adequate on their own, the study reveals a number of challenges that impact on a team’s ability to meet user expectations when there is no dedicated tester in a Scrum environment.
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Chandramohan, Senthilkumar. "Revisiting user simulation in dialogue systems : do we still need them ? : will imitation play the role of simulation ?" Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875229.

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Recent advancements in the area of spoken language processing and the wide acceptance of portable devices, have attracted signicant interest in spoken dialogue systems.These conversational systems are man-machine interfaces which use natural language (speech) as the medium of interaction.In order to conduct dialogues, computers must have the ability to decide when and what information has to be exchanged with the users. The dialogue management module is responsible to make these decisions so that the intended task (such as ticket booking or appointment scheduling) can be achieved.Thus learning a good strategy for dialogue management is a critical task.In recent years reinforcement learning-based dialogue management optimization has evolved to be the state-of-the-art. A majority of the algorithms used for this purpose needs vast amounts of training data.However, data generation in the dialogue domain is an expensive and time consuming process. In order to cope with this and also to evaluatethe learnt dialogue strategies, user modelling in dialogue systems was introduced. These models simulate real users in order to generate synthetic data.Being computational models, they introduce some degree of modelling errors. In spite of this, system designers are forced to employ user models due to the data requirement of conventional reinforcement learning algorithms can learn optimal dialogue strategies from limited amount of training data when compared to the conventional algorithms. As a consequence of this, user models are no longer required for the purpose of optimization, yet they continue to provide a fast and easy means for quantifying the quality of dialogue strategies. Since existing methods for user modelling are relatively less realistic compared to real user behaviors, the focus is shifted towards user modelling by means of inverse reinforcement learning. Using experimental results, the proposed method's ability to learn a computational models with real user like qualities is showcased as part of this work.
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Hurt, N. J. "A critical analysis of the relationship between user need and architectural form in eleven Nottinghamshire primary school class groups." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370776.

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Widmark, Elisabeth. "Information som inspiration : En studie av yrkesverksamma konstnärers behov och användning av information." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Sociology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1937.

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The main purpose of this essay is to investigate professional artists experience of the need and use of information in their creative work. I have collected the material through qualitative interviews with four professional artist working with different materials and techniques. One of the results of the study is that the artists first of all used information as a source of inspiration in their creative work. They gathered their information from various scources, for example; pictures, exhibitions, visual arts, books and novells, depending on what project they are working with. Other important information scources were colleges, especially for the technical information need. The artists also searched for information in a wide range of subjects and showed interest in areas that are not considerable art-related.

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DEACONU, RADU COSMIN. "Designing an indoor modular micro-farm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278893.

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This thesis is a product design and engineering master’s project that has been carried out in partnership with a swedish product design and greentech company. In this project, an array of data gathering and design methods were used with the goal of developing a modular solution for an indoor hydroponic micro-farm. The project also investigates the benefits and consequences of designing this type of product in this fashion. A secondary goal was set, as discovered through the research and analysis process. This goal was to investigate the possible impact that a self-sustaining microfarm has on the UX of growing plants and how it can be addressed.
Detta är en masteruppsats i produktutveckling och teknik som har utförts i samarbete med ett svenskt företag med fokus på grön teknologi. Projektet använder sig av flera typer av metoder för datainsamling och design för att ta fram en modulär lösning för en hydroponisk mikromiljö för inomhusbruk. Projektet undersöker vilka fördelar och eventuella konsekvenser en sådan typ av design för med sig. Under analysens gång har ett bimål tagits fram, nämligen att undersöka vilken möjlig påverkan en självdrivande mikromiljö har på användarupplevelsen av att ta hand om växter samt hur detta kan adresseras.
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Books on the topic "User Need"

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Singleton, F. Climate applications: On user requirements and need for development. [Geneva]: World Meteorological Organization, 1989.

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Singleton, F. Climate applications: On user requirements and need for development. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 1989.

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Tuominen, Kirsti. Children, libraries, and information technology: Results of user need analyses. Helsinki: Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, 1997.

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Decter, Michael. Navigating Canada's health care: A user guide to getting the care you need. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2006.

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User friendly churches: What Christians need to know about the churches people love to go to. Ventura, Calif: Regal Books, 1991.

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Roman, Steven. Understanding personal computer hardware: Everything you need to know to be an informed PC user, buyer, upgrader. New York: Springer, 1998.

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Roman, Steven. Understanding personal computer hardware: Everything you need to know to be an informed PC user/buyer/upgrader. New York: Springer, 1998.

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Thompson, Jane. User involvement in mental health services: The limits of consumerism, the risks of marginalisation and the need for a critical approach. Hull: University of Hull, 1995.

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Lowe, Doug. The only DOS book you'll ever need: What every hard disk user needs to know about DOS-- and about the utilities that make DOS easier to use. Fresno, Calif: M. Murach & Associates, 1991.

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S, Pollitt A., White P. R, and Polytechnic Huddersfield, eds. Matching OPAC user interfaces to user needs. (Huddersfield): Polytechnic of Huddersfield, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "User Need"

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Witschital, Peter. "Why We Need ‘Composable’ User Interfaces." In Cognitive Modelling and Interactive Environments in Language Learning, 279–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77575-8_34.

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Gasparetti, Fabio, Alessandro Micarelli, and Giuseppe Sansonetti. "Mining Navigation Histories for User Need Recognition." In HCI International 2014 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts, 169–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07857-1_30.

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Pollmann, Kathrin, Nora Fronemann, Anne Elisabeth Krüger, and Matthias Peissner. "PosiTec – How to Adopt a Positive, Need-Based Design Approach." In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Users, Contexts and Case Studies, 52–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91806-8_5.

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Spiliotopoulos, Dimitris, Athanasios Dalianis, and Dimitris Koryzis. "Need Driven Prototype Design for a Policy Modeling Authoring Interface." In Design, User Experience, and Usability. User Experience Design for Diverse Interaction Platforms and Environments, 481–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07626-3_45.

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Neuwirth, Christine M., Ravinder Chandhok, David S. Kaufer, James H. Morris, Paul Erion, and Dale Miller. "Annotations are not “for free”: The Need for Runtime Layer Support in Hypertext Engines." In Designing User Interfaces for Hypermedia, 156–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16.

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Liskin, Olga, Raphael Pham, Stephan Kiesling, and Kurt Schneider. "Why We Need a Granularity Concept for User Stories." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 110–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06862-6_8.

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Brun, Armelle, Anne Boyer, and Liana Razmerita. "Compass to Locate the User Model I Need: Building the Bridge between Researchers and Practitioners in User Modeling." In User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, 303–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13470-8_28.

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Sutter, Christine, and Jochen Müsseler. "User Specific Design of Interfaces and Interaction Techniques: What Do Older Computer Users Need?" In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1020–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73279-2_114.

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Kapoor, Poornima. "Mobile User Experience (UX) Design Guidelines Considering the Need for Accessibility." In Design for Tomorrow—Volume 1, 437–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0041-8_37.

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Shakya, Naina, Santosh Pathak, Birendra Bajracharya, and Mir A. Matin. "User Engagement for Sustaining Services." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 327–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_17.

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AbstractIn the first phase of SERVIR-HKH, there was disconnect between the cutting-edge technology products that were developed and the specific needs of the users. Thus, the service planning approach shifted the focus from products to comprehensive services that put the users’ need first. User engagement improved the quality of the services by addressing user feedback and also building sustainability into the services from the very beginning. This chapter aims to introduce the concept of user engagement in the context of SERVIR-HKH and its execution within the service planning framework; it also dwells on the lessons that have been learnt. The chapter also gives prominence to examples of user engagement case studies as well as to the tools and techniques that have been adopted for successful user engagement. It also describes the insights, achievements, and experiences during the implementation process of the user engagement module in the HKH region.
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Conference papers on the topic "User Need"

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Jayarajah, Kasthuri, Youngki Lee, Archan Misra, and Rajesh Krishna Balan. "Need accurate user behaviour?" In the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804289.

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Verma, Gaurav, Suryateja BV, Samagra Sharma, and Balaji Vasan Srinivasan. "Generating need-adapted multimodal fragments." In IUI '20: 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377325.3377487.

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Keinonen, Turkka. "User-centered design and fundamental need." In the 5th Nordic conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463183.

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Alallah, Fouad, Yumiko Sakamoto, and Pourang Irani. "Exploring the Need and Design for Situated Video Analytics." In SUI '20: Symposium on Spatial User Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3385959.3418458.

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Pereira Santos, Carlos, Vassilis-Javed Khan, and Panos Markopoulos. "Inferring A Player's Need For Cognition From Hints." In IUI'16: 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2856767.2856805.

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Binti Mohd Noh, Nur Fadhilah, Suziah Sulaiman, and Azelin Binti Mohamed Noor. "Accessibility matters: The need of Bahasa Melayu (BM) screen reader for the visually impaired internet users." In 2016 4th International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iuser.2016.7857926.

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Thacker, Kendall S., McCall Barger, and Christopher A. Mattson. "A global review of end user needs: Establishing the need for adaptable cookstoves." In 2014 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970352.

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Jakobs, K. "Telecommunication standardisation - do we really need the user?" In Sixth IEE Conference on Telecommunications. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980033.

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Basit, Hamid Abdul, Muhammad Hammad, Stan Jarzabek, and Rainer Koschke. "What do we need to know about clones? deriving information needs from user goals." In 2015 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Software Clones (IWSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwsc.2015.7069891.

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Barria-Pineda, Jordan. "Exploring the Need for Transparency in Educational Recommender Systems." In UMAP '20: 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3340631.3398676.

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Reports on the topic "User Need"

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Morrison, Laura, Anushah Hossain, Myles Elledge, Brian Stoner, and Jeffrey Piascik. User-Centered Guidance for Engineering and Design of Decentralized Sanitation Technologies. RTI Press, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.rb.0017.1806.

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Technological innovations in sanitation are poised to address the great need for sanitation improvements in low-income countries. Worldwide, more than 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation facilities. Innovative waste treatment and sanitation technologies aim to incorporate user-centered findings into technology engineering and design. Without a focus on users, even the most innovative technology solutions can encounter significant barriers to adoption. Drawing on a household survey conducted in urban slum communities of Ahmedabad, India, this research brief identifies toilet and sanitation preferences, amenities, and attributes that might promote adoption of improved sanitation technologies among potential user populations. This work uses supplemental insights gained from focus groups and findings from the literature. Based on our research, we offer specific guidance for engineering and design of sanitation products and technologies.
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McMeekin, Sharon. Understanding User Needs. Digital Preservation Coalition, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twgn21-10.

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Naves, Claudia, David Amorim, David Geisler-Moroder, Thorbjörn Laike, Justyna Martyniuk-Peczek, Barbara Szybinska Matusiak, Wilfried Pohl, and Natalia Sokol. Literature review of user needs, toward user requirements. Edited by Barbara Szybinska Matusiak. IEA SHC Task 61, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2020-0001.

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This report has been developed in the frame of the IEA SHC Task 61 Subtask A “User requirements”. The main objective was to rethink and reformulate user requirements to lighting (daylighting and electric lighting) in public buildings on the basis of a thorough literature study. The work is a joint effort of a number of scientists and represents collective knowledge in this topic. The concept of Lighting quality is the one, among many lighting concepts, which expresses the user perspective best. Lighting quality is the important goal of lighting designers and planners; however, it is difficult to define and to measure.
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4

Noakes, Sierra. Use Research Like a Champion. Digital Promise, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/36.

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5

Ball, J. R. Ontario's Toponymic Data Base: summary of user needs survey. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298213.

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6

Washington-Hoagland, Carlette, Dottie Persson, John Forys, Christine Walters, Toby Lyles, and Leo Clougherty. University of Iowa Libraries Undergraduate User Needs Assessment Study. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/wsxw-n0z9.

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7

Tweddale, Scott A. Illinois River Restoration Needs Assessment GIS: RNA-GIS (User Manual). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430939.

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8

Badalamente, R., G. Anzelon, S. Deland, and R. Whiteson. End user needs for enhanced IAEA Safeguards Information Management Capabilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172009.

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9

Clougherty, Leo, Dottie Persson, and Carlette Washington-Hoagland. University of Iowa Libraries User Needs Assessment Project, Final Phase. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/hl2r-smo8.

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10

Sarofim, Samer. Developing an Effective Targeted Mobile Application to Enhance Transportation Safety and Use of Active Transportation Modes in Fresno County: The Role of Application Design & Content. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2013.

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This research empirically investigates the need for, and the effective design and content of, a proposed mobile application that is targeted at pedestrians and cyclists in Fresno County. The differential effect of the proposed mobile app name and colors on the target audience opinions was examined. Further, app content and features were evaluated for importance and the likelihood of use. This included design appeal, attractiveness, relevance, ease of navigation, usefulness of functions, personalization and customization, message recipients’ attitudes towards message framing, and intended behaviors related to pedestrian, cyclist, and motorist traffic safety practices. Design mobile application features tested included image aesthetics, coherence and organization, and memorability and distinction. Potential engagement with the mobile app was assessed via measuring the users’ perceived enjoyment while using the app. The behavioral intentions to adopt the app and likelihood to recommend the app were assessed. The willingness to pay for purchasing the app was measured. This research provided evidence that a mobile application designed for pedestrians and cyclists is needed, with high intentions for its adoption. Functions, such as Safety Information, Weather Conditions, Guide to Trails, Events for Walkers and Bikers, and Promotional Offers are deemed important by the target population. This research was conducted in an effort to increase active transportation mode utilization and to enhance the safety of vulnerable road users. The public, city administrators, transportation authorities, and policy makers shall benefit from the results of this study by adapting the design and the features that are proposed in this research and were found appealing and useful for the target vulnerable road user groups. The need of the proposed mobile application and its main functions are established, based on the results of this research, which propagates further steps of implementation by city administrators and transportation authorities.
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