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Arnold, Henry. "User perception of gaming element effectiveness in a corporate learning application." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27465.
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This Conversion Masters in Information Technology thesis gathered users' perceptions about eight gaming elements to determine their effectiveness on aspects of playability, enjoyment and intrinsic motivation needed in a gamified corporate learning application. The study focused on user opinions about a Progress Bar, Individual Leaderboard, Departmental Leaderboard, Timer, In-Game Currency, Badges, Storyline/Theme and Avatar. A gamification application containing these gaming elements was designed and developed to make the evaluation. The application entailed users learning four Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) processes needed to manage an information technology department in a telecommunications company. The application design process considered the business goals, rules, target behaviours, time limits, rewards, feedback, levels, storytelling, interest, aesthetics, replay or do-overs, user types, activity cycles, fun mechanisms and development tools needed to create a coherent, addictive, engaging and fun user experience. Player types were determined using the Brainhex online survey. Federoff's Game Playability Heuristics model was used to measure the users' perceptions about the playability of the application. Sweetser and Wyeth's Gameflow model was used to measure perceptions about the gaming elements' contribution toward creating an enjoyable experience. Malone and Lepper's Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivation for Learning was used to measure the gaming elements' ability to promote an intrinsically motivating learning environment. Masterminds, Achievers, Conquerors and Seekers were the most prominent player types found in the Brainhex online survey for which the gamification application design then catered. The staff in the department play-tested the application to evaluate the gaming elements. Overall the Storyline/Theme, suited to Seekers and Masterminds, ranked as the most effective gaming element in this study. The users perceived artwork as an essential component of a gamified learning application. The Individual Leaderboard, suited to Conquerors, ranked very closely as the second most effective gaming element. The Storyline/Theme and Individual Leaderboard both performed the strongest against the criteria measuring the playability. The Storyline/Theme was by far the strongest from a gameflow perspective and the Individual Leaderboard from a motivation perspective. The Avatars ranked the worst across all the measurement criteria. Based on quiz results, 86 percent of the staff in the department had learned the material from the gamified training prototype developed in this work. The findings from this study will therefore serve as input for developing a full-scale gamification learning application.
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Ahlkvist, Linda. "Perceptions of usability - a comparisonof the expert's perception with the end user's perception for improving navigations guidelines." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20856.
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Användbarhet är ett centralt begrepp i webbutveckling vid utvecklandet avtillgängliga och användbara webbsidor. Användbarhet strävar efter effektivitet ochtillfredställelse. Webbsidans användare ska kunna utföra ärende utan ansträngningeller större tidsåtgång för att slutligen känna en tillfredställelse med sig själv ochdet framgångsrikt utförda ärendet.I detta examensarbete kommer användbarhet på world wide web behandlas ur tvåinfallsvinklar, experters uppfattning respektive vardaglig användares uppfattning påbegreppet. Arbetet ämnar lyfta fram tolkningar för begreppet användbarhet och hurstort värde det har vid webbutveckling, i synnerhet en global navigations värde somverktyg för orientering på en webbsida.Frågeställningen besvaras genom en analys och likhetsgranskning först mellanmålgrupperna, sedan mot tidigare studier i sektion 5.Examensarbetet kommer främst baseras på en tidigare studie som även denifrågasätter riktlinjer för användbarhet i en intervjustudie med utvecklare inomwebbutveckling.Genom intervjuer kommer vardagliga användare och experters tolkningar jämförasmot tidigare studier och forskning för att betona det värde som användbarhet harför en välutvecklad och funktionellt framgångsrik webbsida med fokus på globalnavigation. Resultatet av undersökningen ämnar styrka eller sänka hypotesen omatt satta riktlinjer för användbarhet behöver uppdateras och korrigeras efteraktuella uppfattningar hos så väl experter så väl som vardagliga användare idag.Det finns idag ingen känd forskning inom ämnet där användarens tolkning avanvändbarhet involveras vilket öppnar nya möjligheter till att förbättra existeranderiktlinjer ytterligare.Resultatet av studien visar att målgruppernas uppfattningar kompletterar varandramen tolkas på olika sätt. Medan experter, målgrupp 1, definierar användbarhet someffektivt, tillförståeligt och tillgängligt beskriver användarna, målgrupp 2, begreppetsom något enkelt och något som finns lättillgängligt och brett. Studiens främsta ochmest användbara resultat är att målgrupp 1 utvecklar efter normer framförriktlinjer, och målgrupp 2 vill ha produkter byggda på standarder och normer.Usability is a central and common concept in the process of developing a usableand easily understood website for world wide web’s users. Usability strives förefficiency and satisfaction, the website’s users should be able to perform their taskswith minimum effort and within a reasonable time limit.This bachelor thesis will review the need of usability and how experts and usersinterprete the concept. How can the different interpretations of usability affect theneed of usability online on the world wide web, and how important is a navigationdesigned with usability in mind?This thesis will be based on a former study within the subject usability, aninterview study that is questioning the guidelines of usability today.The understandings on usability will be determined through interviews with eightinterviewees, four experts and four users. The examination aims to strength orlower the hypotes “Existing guidelines for usability needs an update andreformulation to fit the understandings from experts and users of world wide webtoday.”There is no earlier studies on the matter where users are asked to define usability,it is more common to ask users what they think of the usability on a specificproduct.The results of this study shows that the two audiences understandings completeseach other but are interpreted differently. Audience 1, the experts, defines usabilityas something efficient and easily learnable, while audience 2, the end-users, definesthe concept as something simple that is easily accessible and widely spreadthroughout the world wide web. The most interesting result of the study is theresults that shows how the experts develop with norms and standards in mindinstead of guidelines and the end-users wants products built on standards thatthey recognize.
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Kruger, Rynhardt. "End user perception of IT service delivery in manufacturing organisations." University of South Africa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/156.
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Abstract
In today’s business world, the delivery of superior information technology services
has become an important deliverable for successful organisations. This study
focuses on the end user perception of information technology service quality in
manufacturing organisations. The study focuses on one manufacturing organisation,
namely Nissan South Africa, a supplier of quality vehicles to South African
customers.
The main research problem describes the necessity of having a tool in place that can
measure users’ perception of information technology service quality. The two subproblems
describe the change of perception regarding information technology
service quality when measured from a functional area or designation level
perspective. The functional area represents the various departments within an
organisation and the designation level, the hierarchical position of the employee
within an organisation.
A broad literature review is conducted and a theoretical foundation is developed and
relevant service quality models are reviewed and adjusted in order to construct a
model to measure information technology from a service quality perspective.
The information has been collected by means of a questionnaire, which was
distributed to approximately 1200 users.
i i
The overall perception of the information technology service quality, as experienced
by the Nissan user base, is rated as above average customer satisfaction. No
significant differences are identified between the demographic levels and the
dimensions of the service quality model.
Even though the model used in this study provides a good indication of the
information technology service quality, it needs to be refined on a continuous basis in
order to ensure that it is aligned with the dynamic nature of information technology.
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Smith, Heather Alison. "User perceptions of technology and the office." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1995. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3276/.
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There appears to be a lack of research into user perceptions of technology and the office. Five studies of user perceptions of technology and the office were completed using questionnaires devised by the author (Studies 1-3), evaluation of videos produced by manufacturers (Study 4), and content analysis of media articles about computer-based technology (Study 5). In Study 1 eight factors were identified: information-handling, human contact, paper-handling, financial security, communication, technology, work, and health preservation. These factors reflected key features mentioned by respondents and accounted for 80.4% of the variance. In Study 2 subjects perceived that they would choose technology significantly more often than non-technology for document preparation, information management, and communication, and non-technology significantly more often than technology for decision-making. In Study 3 it was found that users and the computer industry seem to share broadly similar views of the nature of the Ideal Office’. However, while users appeared to emphasize an enhanced version of existing systems current developments seem to have the potential to create radical changes in the way people work and live. In Study 4 evaluation of video presentations about two prototype computer systems suggested that user perceptions could be deployed to evaluate the suitability of computer systems for application in different situations. In Study 5 content analysis of media portrayal of the computer industry supported the idea that the perceptions of technology and the office held by both users and the computer industry can also be categorised according to the eight dimensions identified above - thus, showing some convergence between the findings of different studies using different methodological approaches. However, whereas the users regarded all the dimensions as of broadly similar importance, the computer industry as represented by journalists appeared to regard technical details and financial issues as paramount. The thesis highlights the role of understanding user perceptions when evaluating technology and considering office work.
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Nilsson, Elina, and Emelie Löfquist. "User perception of new ICT in risk management : A Swedish Case study in construction." Thesis, KTH, Ledning och organisering i byggande och förvaltning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277005.
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The construction industry today is entirely dependent on the work of projects and these projects are associated with a numerous amount of risks. In order to manage and control these risks, research has shown that efficient strategies are needed, thus, to be able minimize different deviations throughout the entire project life cycle. Functioning risk management is essential for successful construction projects. Research has also shown that the importance of digitalization in the construction industry is increasing rapidly and a result of this technology advancement is an increase in the amount of information that needs to be stored, shared and communicated across the project. In addition, information management is a significant factor in how quality in risk management is maintained, and it is vital to adopt information and communication technologies (ICT) to support this. For ICTs to be accepted, adopted and to reach their full potential it is of essence to understand how users perceive working in a digital environment and to share information and communicate digitally. Thereby, this study aims to study how users perceive a new ICT-tool for digital information sharing and communication, as well as the potential of the ICT-tool to influence the work of risk management within the project. To be able to approach the research questions, elicit data was gathered through a qualitative, empirical case study including interviews, observations and a questionnaire. The case study is delimited to a construction project, Building 61, at Danderyds Hospital and their work of risk-management. The case study analyzes how users perceive the increase of use of digital information sharing and communication of risks followed by the recently implemented ICT-tool, Jira Software. Findings shows that the user perception of communication and sharing information through the ICT-tool is perceived as positive and contributes to the improvement of the management of risks. But even though the amount of information now can be transferred and shared through one platform, and increasing the accessibility, it is found that sharing information and communicating digitally does not eliminate the need for interactive communication in the work of risks. Additionally, despite provided training, there is still need for further integration into existing workprocesses in order to utilize the amount of information generated on to the ICT-tool. Conclusively, the use of the new ICT-tool has been perceived as very useful, but it has also given rise to new challenges, mainly concerned the ability to find information in the tool, which needs to be overcome in order for the ICT to reach its full potential and to improve the work with risk management.Byggbranschen idag är beroende av projekt och dessa projekt är förknippade med ett stort antal risker. För att hantera och kontrollera dessa risker har forskning visat att effektiva strategier behövs för att minimera olika avvikelser under hela projektets livscykel. God riskhantering är, därav, avgörande för att åstadkomma lyckade byggprojekt. Forskning visar även på att betydelsen av digitalisering i byggbranschen ökar snabbt och ett resultat av denna tekniska utveckling är en ökning av mängden information som måste lagras, delas och kommuniceras över hela projektet. Dessutom är informationshantering en viktig faktor i hur kvaliteten i riskhanteringen upprätthålls, och det är viktigt att använda informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) för att stödja detta. För att IKT ska accepteras, antas men också nå sin fulla potential är det väsentligt att förstå hur användaren uppfattar arbetet i en digital miljö och att dela information och kommunicera digitalt. Denna studie syftar därmed till att studera hur användarna uppfattar ett nytt IKT-verktyg för digital informationsdelning och kommunikation, liksom potentialen för IKT-verktyget att påverka arbetet med riskhantering inom projektet. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna samlades data in genom en kvalitativ och empirisk fallstudie med intervjuer, observationer och en enkät. Fallstudien avgränsas till ett byggprojekt, Byggnad 61, vid Danderyds Sjukhus och deras arbete med riskhantering. Fallstudien analyserar hur användarna uppfattar ökningen av användningen av digital informationsdelning och kommunikation av risker följt av det nyligen implementerade IKTverktyget Jira Software. Resultaten visar att användarens uppfattning kring kommunikation och delning av information via IKT-verktyg uppfattas som positiv och bidrar till förbättring av hanteringen av risker. Men även om mängden information nu kan överföras och delas via en plattform och samtidigt öka tillgängligheten, konstateras det att delning av information samt att kommunicera digitalt inte eliminerar behovet av interaktiv kommunikation i riskarbetet. Trots tillhandahållen utbildning av verktygen så finns det fortfarande behov av ytterligare integration i den befintliga arbetsprocessen för att utnyttja mängden information som genereras till IKT-verktyget. Sammanfattningsvis har användningen av det nya verktyget upplevts som mycket användbart, men det har också gett upphov till nya utmaningar, främst förmågan att hitta information i verktyget, vilket är en utmaning som måste övervinnas för att IKT ska nå dess fulla potential och förbättra arbetet med riskhantering.
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Hansson, Oskar. "Exploring users perception of chatbots in a bank environment - A critical view on chatbots and how to design for a positive user experience." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22362.
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Chatbots have been around for decades but haven’t really gained a lot of attention until very recently. With new advancements in the technologies of artificial intelligence and natural language processing, chatbots have very quickly gained the interest of commercial businesses. What seems to be lacking, though, is a user perspective on the subject of chatbots. This thesis explores how customers of Swedbank in the segment of 18 – 35 perceives Swedbanks current chatbot service, Nina, and the perception of the resulting concept that was developed based on empirical findings, Nina 2.0. The findings conclude among other things that chatbots with a clear and simple goal was positively received by the users, and interaction through pre- programmed answering buttons resulted in expressions of relief as the users did not have to worry about miscommunication with the chatbot.
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Akyeampong, Albert S. "The Relationship of Technology Use to Perception of Instructional Quality." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219348065.
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Matkevitš, Elizabeth. "The User Perception of Control Over IoT Devices in Home Environment – A Case of the Morning Routine." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23040.
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The researchers predict a future, where people’s interaction with things is decreased and things become more autonomous, requiring less control from people, aiming to make life easier. However, the question is if we really are ready to let go of the control over such systems in order to have easier life. This is what this research through design project is aiming to find out through a research question How the different user interaction modalities with IoT devices at home influence the sense of control for users? and sub-question How the sense of control over IoT devices would influence how people trust them? With the help of prototype, questionnaire and online sessions, two lists of guidelines were created, consisting of points to consider while designing for such systems from control and trust perspective.The angle was narrowed down to a morning routine and interaction with the alarm clock connected to a coffeemaker.
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Green, Leili Hayati. "Users' perception of medical simulation training| A framework for adopting simulator technology." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583287.
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Users play a key role in many training strategies, yet some organizations often fail to understand the users’ perception after a simulation training implementation, their attitude about acceptance or rejection of and integration of emerging simulation technology in medical training (Gaba, 2007, and Topol, 2012). Several factors are considered to contribute to the acceptance level of simulation training by the users, including cost, the existing training and certification policies, technical issue, realism of training, values of it, concerns about it, and its effect on the patients outcome, and medical errors (Clever, 2011and Dawson, 2006).An often overlooked factor in the success of a simulation training merger is the impact on the users and medical profession (Dickemen, 2007). This qualitative phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of a purposeful sampling of medicals simulation training users in the decision and none decision making roles, who had been involved in simulation training at least for one year. The study obtained their perceptions, their lived experiences, feelings associated with the experience, and interactions. And then how those feelings, perception, opinions, attitudes, and interactions evolved. Data suggested that the presence of feelings attached to experience, preconceived views, existing training policies, affect the level of effectiveness, users’ view of its outlook, impact on the decisions, and the medical profession. In addition the users’ perception, beliefs, and feelings all affect the interpersonal dynamics, interactions, communications, of simulation training users during adoption of simulation technology and its implementation. Understanding the medical simulation training phenomena through the understanding of users’ perspective can redefine how they communicate, interact, share, learn in simulated environment , and from one another that help with the subsequent additions and modifications to the existing simulation training strategies.
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Borchers, Matthew Richard. "AN EVALUATION OF PRECISION DAIRY FARMING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, PERCEPTION, EFFECTIVENESS, AND USE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/45.
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Precision dairy farming technologies provide a variety of functions to dairy farmers. Little is known about dairy producer perception of these technologies. A study was performed to understand dairy producer perception of parameters monitored by precision dairy farming technologies. Calving has potential to be predicted using these same parameters and technologies. A second study was performed using two commercially marketed technologies in calving prediction. In order for these technologies to generate accurate and useful information for dairy farm use, they must accurately quantify these parameters. The final study evaluated the accuracy of five commercially marketed technologies in monitoring feeding, rumination, and lying behaviors.
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Agyeman, Cynthia A. "Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1443101832.
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Gudmundsson, Magdalena. "Aging-in-place with ICT : A qualitative study of senior citizen users’ perception and acceptance towards Smart home technology." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67074.
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This is a qualitative, interpretive research study of how six senior citizens’ aged 70-85 describe their use and need of Smart home technology for their independent living and welfare. Data was collected through technology probing and interviews. Data analysis was done using a thematic method. The research was underpinned by the theoretical model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). The research setting was senior citizens’ living in Care housing rented out by the municipality owned company. The findings show that technology is perceived by the senior citizens’ to be something must be taught and takes effort. Senior housing need to be better designed for its senior tenants. It was also found that if technology is used to ensure safety, fall detection for instance, trust and sufficient support is crucial. The findings suggest it could be difficult to assess your own need and to realize when assistance technology is needed. It also found that the use of technology was perceived as being individual and as something that cannot be treated collectively. It was suggested that health professionals do have some influence on the senior citizen and their use of technology. The findings of this study was compared to previous studies and how it relates to the determinants and moderating factors suggested by the theoretical model UTAUT2.
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Toderean, Alexandru Gabriel. "Kansei Engineering Approach : Mapping the correlation between user's subjective perception and design features for dining tables." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66158.
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Because of the competitive market and high product failure, product development and quality is moving towards a merging of functionality and usability with psychological needs. The interaction with the products creates a need, which can be a decisive aspect for the user when choosing a product. The Kansei approach, also known as Kansei Engineering, aims at converting the psychological needs that influence the subjective perception of the user, into actual design specification, with eight types developed so far. Furthermore, the method implies that, the competitiveness of the product can be enhanced by attaching users’ feelings and aesthetic impressions in term of product attributes, to the product features.This thesis describes how the methodology can be used by implementing Kansei Engineering Type I as a tool to evaluate and map the subjective perceptions of dining tables. The research shows that it was possible to map correlations between the users’ subjective perception and design features. E.g. a dining table that is perceived as solid, has the feature rail/frame and is heavy (>35kg). This can be used as input in user-centred product development. Even if no correlation was possible in some cases, valuable information was gathered that can be used for further analysis. As a continuation of the research, will be to focus on which surface textures is better perceived as natural feeling of wood.
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Pettersson, Dennis, and Pär Arvidsson. "Usage of Business Intelligence : Testing the Technology Acceptance Model on a BI System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176651.
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Business Intelligence (BI) has become an essential part of the modern enterprise, and what used to be thought of as a luxury is now a matter of survival. Recent economic developments have forced companies to rethink their IT investment strategy. BI investments are now targeting the majority of people in the organisation instead of a select few. Thus, it is important to understand why users of a BI system choose to accept and use the system. Previous research has established the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as one of the most powerful and parsimonious models explaining user acceptance and usage behaviour of information technologies. This quantitative study replicates the original TAM study with the purpose to increase the understanding of BI usage, and investigates the behaviour of the users of the BI system QlikView in the case company GE Healthcare. The results showed a lower explanatory power for the model when compared to previous research. This indicates that how useful a user perceives a BI system to be does not affect the amount of usage to the same extent as predicted by TAM. Possible causes for this are discussed, with an emphasis on the influence of what tasks a user is confronted with and the measurement of system use.
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Jange, Suresh, Lalitha K. Sami, Mallikarjun Angdi, and Jeetender R. Aeri. "The internet as an information source vs. level of satisfaction: Users' learning styles, perceptions, emotions and regression model at National Institutes of Technology in India." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106331.
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An attempt has been made to promote and optimize the use of the Internet as an information Source among engineering faculty and research scholars of National Institutes of Technology (NITs) in India. A total of 850 questionnaires and interview schedules were distributed to the faculty and research scholars of NITs in India, 665 questionnaires were duly obtained with a response rate of 78.24%. An attempt has been made to develop an instrument of acceptance of Internet technology known as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) among faculty and Research scholars of National Institutes of Technology (NITs) in India using the original constructs i.e. Perceived Usefulness as â the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performanceâ , and Perceived Ease of Use as â the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effortâ . Thus, the Perceived Usefulness of Internet Technology, Perceived Ease of use, Experience of using Internet, attitude towards using Internet, Behavioral Intention to use Internet, Perceived Complexity and actual System use using the Internet has been determined and thereby reflecting the Learning Style, Per-ceptions and Emotions of the focus groups. Further the research study encompasses independent vari-ables mainly Designation, Age, Qualification, Teaching and Research Experience and Formal Training of respondents. In this paper, efforts were made to examine the relationship between the variables Use of Internet (UOI) and Level of Satisfaction (LOS), as a two major dependent variables of the research study. The various dimensions included are quantification of these two variables. To evaluate multiple effects, a set of four variables i.e. age, teaching and research experience and level of satisfaction were put to Regression Analysis to see the multiple effects on variable Use of Internet. The variable LOS has emerged as the most affecting the dependent variable that means affecting the dependent variables i.e. Use of Internet. Thus, there is very high correlation between variables, Use of Internet and Level of satis-faction. The co-efficient of correlation is also statistically significant showing high positive correlation, which implies that higher the level of satisfaction, higher will be the use of Internet. This has resulted in coming out with a mathematical â regression model in which the results of regression analysis shows that, the four variables age, teaching and research experience and level of satisfaction put together explains 39 per cent of variance in variable Use of Internet (UOI).
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Morris, Michael G., and Andrew Dillon. "The Influence of User Perceptions on Software Utilization: Application and Evaluation of a Theoretical Model of Technology Acceptance." IEEE, Inc, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106206.
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This paper presents and empirically evaluates a Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) which can serve as a simple to use, and cost-effective tool for evaluating
applications and reliably predicting whether they will be accepted by users. After
presenting TAM, the paper reports on a study designed to evaluate its effectiveness at
predicting system use. In the study the researchers presented 76 novice users with an
overview and hands-on demonstration of Netscape. Following this demonstration, data
on user perceptions and attitudes about Netscape were gathered based on this initial
exposure to the system. Follow up data was then gathered two weeks later to evaluate
actual use of Netscape following the demonstration. Results suggest that TAM is an
effective and cost effective tool for predicting end user acceptance of systems.
Suggestions for future research and conclusions for both researchers and practitioners are
offered.
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Bruess, Lili. "University ESL instructors' perceptions and use of computer technology in teaching." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,24.
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Thesis (Ph. D)--University of New Orleans, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Curriculum and Instruction"--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Erthal, Claudia. "Da experiência do Usuário midiático contemporâneo: olhares em construção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27161/tde-11092018-164109/.
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Esta pesquisa desenvolve uma análise crítica a partir de uma noção histórico-teórica do processo de construção da relação das pessoas com a mídia na contemporaneidade e está dividida em três momentos: o Observador no século 19; o Espectador no século 20; e o Usuário no século 21. Assume que estes constituem três sujeitos comunicacionais, possuem trajetórias interligadas e podem ser vistos como um sujeito múltiplo. O trabalho parte dos seguintes pressupostos: a transformação do comportamento dos sujeitos; o acúmulo de percepções e conhecimentos; e as mudanças nos modos de ver e nas maneiras de se relacionar que se dão a partir de uma construção sociocultural, política e econômica. Busca compreender a existência de um Observador/Espectador/Usuário e as mediações tecnológicas que lhe servem como contexto. Vê o Usuário: a partir do Flanêur de Benjamin - como uma referência comunicacional ao sujeito/objeto na formação do seu olhar; como reconfiguração do sujeito/receptor na história e de sua relação com a mídia e com a sociedade; como a dimensão tecnológica permeia a diferenciação dos sujeitos comunicacionais e o contexto social no qual estão inseridos, privilegiando a tecnologia e em seu lugar político e social, e de como o comportamento deste sujeito pode ser atribuído a esses lugares. Trabalha a Percepção na medida em que se aproxima do Usuário/Flanêur numa conjugação em que os dois se distinguem mesmo que em tempos e circunstâncias diversas na experiência comunicacional.This research develops a critical analysis from a historical-theoretical perception of the construction process of people relation with the Media in the contemporary world and it is divided in three moments: the Observer in the 19th century; the Spectator in the 20th century and the User in the 21st century. It accepts that these three communication subjects share connected paths and can also be seen as a multiple subject. This work is based in the following assumptions: the transition in the subjects behaviour; the accumulation of perception and knowledge; and the changes in the ways of seeing and in the ways the relationships happened from a sociocultural, political and economic structure point of view. The research aims to understand the existence of an Observer/Spectator/User and the technological mediations that are used as a background. It sees the User from: Benjamin\'s Flanêur point of view - as a communicational reference for the development of the subject/object in the construction of the way he sees; as a reconfiguration of the subject/recipient in history and its relation with the Medias and with the society; how the technological dimension pervades the variation between the communication subjects and in the social context in which they are located, with a particular emphasis in technology, and in his political and social place and of how this subjects\' behaviour is ascribed to these places. This research also explores the Perception to the extent that it approaches the User/Flanêur in a combination in which the two of them distinguish from each other in the communication experience even in different times and circumstances.
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Chinworth, Michael W. "Perception gaps : an assessment of dual-use technology models in Japan and the United States." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421228.
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LJUNGBERG, SEBASTIAN, and FREDRIK SCHALLING. "Benchmarking of a LiDAR Sensor for use as Pseudo Ground Truth in Automotive Perception." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263216.
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Environmental perception and representation are among the most critical tasks in automated driving. To meet the high demands on reliability from clients and the needs of safety standards, such as ISO 26262, there is a need for automated quantitative evaluation of perceived information. However, the typical evaluation methods currently being used, such as a comparison with Ground Truth (GT), is not feasible in the real world. Creating a substitute for GT with annotated data is not efficiently scalable due to the manual effort involved in evaluating the sheer number of scenarios, environmental conditions, etc. Hence, there is a need to automate the generation of data used as GT. This thesis focuses on a methodology to generate a substitute for GT data, named Pseudo Ground Truth (PGT), with a LiDAR sensor and to identify the precautions needed if this PGT is to be used in the development of perception systems. This thesis aims to assess the proposed methodology in a common scenario. The limitations with the LiDAR sensor are analyzed by performing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on available academic texts, conducting semi-structured interviews with experts from one of the largest heavy vehicle manufacturers in Europe, Scania CV AB and lastly implementation of an experimental algorithm to create a PGT. The main contributions are 1) a list of found limitations with the current LiDAR sensors from a SLR and semi-structured interviews and 2) a proposed methodology, which assesses the use of a LiDAR sensor as GT in a scenarios coupled with a set of precautions that has to be taken if the method were used in the development of new perception systems.Perception och representation av omgivningen är några av de viktigaste underfunktionerna i självkörande fordon. För att möta de högt ställda kraven på noggrannhet och stabilitet från kunder och samtidigt kraven för funktionell säkerhet som ISO 26262, finns det ett behov att automatisera kvantitativ utvärdering av samlad information. Användningen av typiska utvärderingsmetoder som jämförelse med en Sanning (GT) är inte möjligt i verkligheten. En GT baserad på annoterad data är inte effektivt skalbar på grund av det manuella arbetet som är involverat i utvärderingen av de stora antalet av scenarion, klimatförhållanden, etc. Det finns därför ett behov av att automatisera genereringen av en GT skapad av samlad mätdata. Den här studien fokuserar på en metodik för att generera en Pseudo Sanning (PGT) med en LiDAR sensor och identifiera de åtgärderna som behöver tas om PGTn ska användas i utvecklingen av ett perceptionssystem. Studien har som mål att utvärdera den föreslagna metodiken i ett vanligt förekommande scenario. Begränsningarna med LiDAR sensorn är analyserade genom en Systematisk Literatursökning (SLR) på tillgängliga akademiska texter, semi-strukturerade intervjuer med experter på en av de största tillverkarna av tunga fordon i Europa, Scania CV AB och slutligen implementering av en experimentell algoritm för att skapa en PGT. Huvudbidragen är 1) en lista med begränsningar av nuvarande LiDAR sensorer funna genom en SLR och semistrukturerade intervjuer och 2) en föreslagen metod som utvärderar användandet av en LiDAR sensor som GT i ett scenario, tillsammans med åtgärder som behöver tas om metoden skulle användas i utvecklingen av perceptionssystem.
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Vanga, Sudarsana Reddy, and Yan Yang. "Perceptions and Motivations of User Engagement for Social Media Marketing : A Quantitative Study of Facebook and Instagram Users." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387909.
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Social media marketing has gained tremendous attention in recent years and has become a powerful tool for companies, entrepreneurs and marketers to approach their target customers and cultivate longtime customer relationship with increased engagement. Despite the increasing investment on social media marketing and the increasingly important roles users play today, few of previous studies, however, were focused on the user behavior or the key factors that influence user engagement with brands on social media. We chose the technology acceptance model (TAM) and uses and gratifications theory (UGT) as our theoretical foundation to investigate user behaviors on social media and the factors that influence user engagement with brands. We tested our model in two different social media platforms; Facebook and Instagram. The conclusions were based on inputs from a survey with 126 respondents with diverse background and age groups. We tested the hypotheses utilizing statistic correlation analyses. Among the five researched variables, H1 (perceived usefulness) and H5 (motivation for information) are proved to be statically significant. Despite a number of limitations, our research sheds a light on the study of user behavior on social media platforms. Understanding user behavior is useful for entrepreneurs and marketers in shaping more efficient ways to target the right audience on the right platform(s) to achieve their marketing objectives by effectively exploiting the potential of social media.
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Khoury, Vanessa El. "Semantic protection and personalization of video content PIAF : MPEG compliant adaptation framework preserving the user perceived quality." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0086/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un framework d’adaptation appelé "Personalized vIdeo Adaptation Framework" (PIAF) conçu à partir des standards MPEG. PIAF intègre les contraintes sémantiques et vise à maximiser la qualité perçue par l’utilisateur lors de la visualisation de la vidéo tout en respectant les droits de propriété intellectuelle. Les contributions de cette thèse peuvent être résumées comme suit. Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé et étendu les standards MPEG-7 et MPEG-21 afin de représenter les préférences des utilisateurs. Nous avons ensuite proposé un modèle formel du processus d’adaptation sémantique d’une vidéo et défini une fonction d’utilité régissant le mécanisme de prise de décision du MPDA. Cette fonction tient compte de différentes dimensions de qualité (qualité perceptuelle, sémantique, temps d’exécution nécessaire) afin d’évaluer quantitativement la qualité d’un plan d’adaptation. Le processus d’adaptation que nous proposons intègre les droits de propriété intellectuelle dans le processus de décision. Dans certains cas, le plan d’adaptation qui produirait la vidéo de meilleure qualité adaptée aux préférences de l’utilisateur peut être inapplicable car il ne respecte pas les contraintes du propriétaire. Trouver le meilleur plan d’adaptation devient alors un problème NP-complet. Nous avons proposé une solution pratique à ce problème sous la forme d’une heuristique capable de sélectionner un plan très proche de l’optimum en un temps de calcul raisonnable. Afin d’implémenter ce framework, nous avons également développé un outil d’annotation sémantique de contenu vidéo (SVCAT) qui produit des annotations sémantiques structurelles et de haut niveau selon un modèle objet basé sur du contenu vidéo. Nous avons validé nos travaux avec des évaluations qualitatives et quantitatives qui nous ont permis d’étudier la performance et l'efficacité du MPDA. Nous avons validé nos travaux avec des évaluations qualitatives et quantitatives qui nous ont permis d’étudier la performance et l'efficacité du MPDA. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que la fonction d’utilité proposée présente une forte corrélation avec les évaluations subjectives fournies par des utilisateurs concernant la qualité d’une vidéo adaptée, et constitue donc une base tout à fait pertinente pour le MPDAUniversal Multimedia Experience (UME) is the notion that a user should receive informative adapted content anytime and anywhere. Personalization of videos, which adapts their content according to user preferences, is a vital aspect of achieving the UME vision. User preferences can be translated into several types of constraints that must be considered by the adaptation process, including semantic constraints directly related to the content of the video. The overall goal of this adaptation process is to provide users with adapted content that maximizes their Quality of Experience (QoE). This QoE depends at the same time on the level of the user's satisfaction in perceiving the adapted content, the amount of knowledge assimilated by them, and the adaptation execution time. In video adaptation frameworks, the Adaptation Decision Taking Engine (ADTE), is responsible for achieving this goal. The task of the ADTE is challenging as many adaptation operations can satisfy the same semantic constraint, and thus arising in several feasible adaptation plans. Indeed, for each entity to be adapted, the ADTE must decide on the adequate adaptation operator that satisfies the user's preferences while maximizing his/her quality of experience. The first challenge to achieve in this is to objectively measure the quality of the adapted video, while considering the multiple aspects of the QoE. The second challenge is to assess beforehand this quality in order to choose the most appropriate adaptation plan among all possible ones. The third challenge is to resolve conflicting or overlapping semantic constraints, in particular conflicts arising from constraints expressed by owner's intellectual property rights (IPR) about the modification of the content. In this thesis, we tackled the aforementioned challenges by proposing a Utility Function (UF), which integrates semantic concerns with user's perceptual considerations. This UF models the relationships among adaptation operations, user preferences, and the quality of the video content. We integrated this UF into an ADTE. This ADTE performs a multi-level piecewise reasoning to choose the adaptation plan that maximizes the user-perceived quality. Furthermore, we included IPR in the adaptation process. Thereby, we modeled content owner constraints, and proposed a heuristic to resolve conflicting user and owner constraints. More, we developed SVCAT, which produces structural and high-level semantic annotation according to an original object-based video content model. We modeled as well the user's preferences proposing extensions to MPEG-7 and MPEG-21. All the developed contributions were carried out as part of a coherent framework called PIAF. We validated this research with qualitative and quantitative evaluations, which assess the performance and the efficiency of the proposed adaptation decision-taking engine within PIAF
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Irakoze, Jean Marie Vianney. "The effects of information systems on end-users and the organisational processes at a university of technology." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1781.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY: Business Information Systems in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe aim of this research was to describe the effects of information systems on staff performance and institutional business process performance at a selected University of Technology (UoT); as an indicative example of a University of Technology. This research was also to investigate different end-users’ experience of the use of certain information systems/processes and performance thereof. This led to the determination of what caused different role players to perceive a varying range of problems in the use of organisational information systems and internal business processes at the selected UoT. The unit of analysis was selected integrated information systems at the UoT and the object of analysis was the staff of the Faculty of Engineering. The research adopted a quantitative approach in order to investigate verifiable data which was amassed using a questionnaire. This research was undertaken ethically in order to protect all participants, as well as the integrity of the University. Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS 22.0) was used for data capturing and analysis. The output was a general framework to guide the determination and effects of information systems on end-users and on institutional processes at a University of Technology. Furthermore, it will guide the design and modelling of institutional business processes to improve operational efficiency.
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Wasswa, Banele. "The use of mobile phone technology in the collection of user perceptions of walkability along pedestrian routes from public transport in Cape Town and New Delhi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21184.
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Background: Cities in developing countries are upgrading their public transport at unprecedented rates in efforts to create transportation systems that are more sustainable and equitable. South Africa and India are seeing massive investments in features that are improving operational characteristics of public transport systems. However, more effort will need to be expended in improving public transport access/egress conditions, in order to ensure that public transport is a competitive alternative to door to door motorised transport trips. Particular attention will need to be paid to non-motorised transport, as it is the most common means of access/egress for people in the Global South, despite conditions for pedestrians being uncomfortable and a threat to their safety and security. Traditional methods of evaluating the accessibility of public transport stations have been found to be overly mechanistic. Through improved operationalisation of built environment factors and crowd sourcing user perceptions, a better understanding of how supportive the built environment is for walking can be achieved. Study details: This study presents the following: 1. The development and testing of an Android mobile phone application, along with its associated online dashboard. The mobile phone application allows for the collection of data on the pedestrian experience and is a shift away from the mechanistic approach to understanding pedestrian challenges. Using the application, users rate their walking environment along dimensions of safety, security, infrastructure and comfort, while geo-tagging walking routes. The dashboard is used to store and visualise the users' perception data and multimedia captured using the mobile phones. 2. A proposed spatial analysis method, using Spatial Clustering Algorithms for analysing data captured using the mobile phone application. As crowd sourced datasets are very large, filtering approaches may not be capable of distinguishing between outliers and clusters of high/low ratings. Thus, more robust analysis methods are required in order to extract meaningful insights. 3. The piloting of the application and proposed spatial analysis method in Cape Town and New Delhi. Results of pilot studies: Six public transport locations across Cape Town and New Delhi were chosen for the pilot studies. Survey facilitators, with the application preloaded on mobile phones, intercepted public transport users travelling along their egress trips. Respondents were asked to make use of the application to report on their perception of the walking environment as they were escorted to their destination.
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Molenaar, Daryn. "Perception of information : enriching location specific information through the use of calm computing." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2276.
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Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Many studies have been conducted on the interaction between environments and relevant information in the field of interaction design. Most of these studies are focused on increasing the awareness of technology, information and the interaction between them. This awareness could negatively lead to an increase in information overload where each bit of information is competing to be the centre of a person's attention. This information overload gets compounded even more when a person is in a public place because of the amount of available commercial information like billboards, digital displays and printed media which are constantly pushing information into the space. Cognitive studies have shown that human beings have a limit to the amount of information they can consciously focus on and process. When a person reaches information saturation, the quality of their decision-making ability deteriorates drastically (Bray, 2008). Information overload can lead to a situation called decision paralysis. The research proposed an investigation into the possibility of decreasing information overload through the use of calm computing. Relevant information could be pushed to the periphery where it could be accessed or attended to when it was needed. It was argued that when the intake of peripheral information could become an unconscious activity, mainly through the use of ubiquitous computing, more attention could be given to other important activities like increasing social interaction in public spaces.
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Zengin, Selcuk. "E-Learning and In-Service Training: An Exploration of the Beliefs and Practices of Trainers and Trainees in the Turkish National Police." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3895/.
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This targeted research study, carried out by an officer of the Turkish National Police (TNP), investigated the perceptions and beliefs of TNP trainers and trainees towards the potential adoption and implementation of e-learning technology for in-service police training. Utilizing diffusion and innovation theory (DOI) (Rogers, 1995) and the conceptual technology integration process model (CTIM) (Nicolle, 2005), two different surveys were administered; one to the trainers and one to the trainees. The factor analyses revealed three shared trainer and trainee perceptions: A positive perception towards e-learning, personally and for the TNP; a belief in the importance of administrative support for e-learning integration; and the belief in importance of appropriate resources to facilitate integration and maintain implementation. Three major recommendations were made for the TNP. First, the research findings could be used as a road map by the TNP Education Department to provide a more flexible system to disseminate in-service training information. The second is to establish two-way channels of communication between the administration and the TNP personnel to efficiently operationalize the adoption and integration of e-learning technology. The third is the administrative provision of necessary hardware, software, and technical support.
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Sharp, Steven Kary. "iPads in the Second Language Classroom| An Examination of iPad Use by Teachers through TPACK and Teacher Perception Lenses." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10639627.
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Research indicates a need for teacher education programs which include embedded computer assisted language learning (CALL) to support teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) of how to employ technology in classroom settings. Researchers also indicate a need to better understand the knowledge-base of language teacher education (LTE), including a teacher’s possible 40 year career through ever changing technology.
This mixed-method case study examines the use of iPads by four teachers, who represent maximum variation in their teaching and technology experience, in two mostly homogenous schools. The study looks specifically at how teachers’ perceptions of 1) teaching, 2) technology, 3) using technology and 4) their students shape the way they use iPads with English language learners. It also examines what supports facilitate the use of iPads for instructional purposes in second language classrooms.
I focus on the use of iPads in a one-to-one implementation in a technologically embedded context because iPads are a relatively new innovation in classrooms, with the potential of changing instruction. Such changes may contribute to the challenges and benefits of being an effective teacher in the English language teaching (ELT) classroom. Research on the use of iPads in classrooms has been previously limited to mostly suggestions for use and has given little guidance in how this disruption will assist and challenge teachers.
TPACK is used as a powerful construct based in a reconceptualization of the language teacher education (LTE) knowledge-base, indicating influences of context, teachers and their perceptions, identity and agency and activities in the classroom. These factors suggest ways which classroom technology and teacher, student, administrative and contextual influences may mediate the activities of teaching and learning in the classroom.
The data show a correlation between teachers’ practices with iPads and their previous experiences using technology in the classroom. Teacher groupings demonstrated differences in teaching based on their experience using technology and teaching. Schools showed differences only in terms of some choices made by the administration. Students’ effects on the use of iPads is minimal, except for instances of how student behavior affected the classroom.
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Profita, Halley P. "Social acceptability of wearable technology use in public: an exploration of the societal perceptions of a gesture-based mobile textile interface." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44785.
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Textile forms of wearable technology offer the potential for users to interact with electronic devices in a whole new manner. However, the operation of a wearable system can result in non-traditional on-body interactions (including gestural commands) that users may not be comfortable with performing in a public setting. Understanding the societal perceptions of gesture-based interactions will ultimately impact how readily a new form of mobile technology will be adopted within society. The goal of this research is to assess the social acceptability of a user's interaction with an electronic textile wearable interface. Two means of interaction were studied: the first was to assess the most acceptable input method for the interface (tapping, sliding, circular rotation); and the second assessment was to measure the social acceptability of a user interacting with the detachable textile interface at different locations on the body. The study recruited participants who strictly identified themselves as being of American nationality so as to gain insight into the culture-specific perceptions of interacting with a wearable form of technology.
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Bilyayeva, Tetiana A. "Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Users’ Perception of the Navigation Organization of an E-Commerce Web Application." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/413.
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The object of this study was to assess the influence of native language, as a principal cultural characteristic, one users’ behavior when using a web-based e-commerce application. The study expands on previous research by comparing English and Russian users. The research also considered demographic data to assess additional factors that influence behavior and task performance. The research design encompassed an online shopping application with two different navigation menus. One menu was based on the action-object model and the other was based on the object-action model. The user interface was created in two different languages (Russian and English). This study suggests that language, as a cultural indicator, has a direct relationship to user satisfaction and performance in e-commerce web applications.
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Dashti, Bahar, and Roberto Viljevac-Vasquez. "Exploring Use and Perception of Augmented- and Virtual Reality in the Swedish AEC Industry." Thesis, KTH, Ledning och organisering i byggande och förvaltning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277003.
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Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality is on a trend of development. These technologies could have an impact on the way construction is carried out in the future. Right now these technologies are not widely used in the construction industry. What this report aims to understand is how the Swedish construction industry adheres to the current trend of digitalization, with an emphasis on Augmented- and Virtual Reality. By interviewing 13 managers within 8 different AEC organizations, in the form of semi-structured interviews, it was found that these technologies are indeed viewed as something that could change the way these organizations work. The current literature provides examples of how Augmented- and Virtual Reality can be used. However, these technologies are not mature enough to make an impact right now, as most managers see the technology as too expensive and they also had little to no knowledge of its contributions. The case was also the same with BIM, where a lack of knowledge seems to be the norm for all sorts of positions within the construction industry, from worker to manager. This is in accordance with previous studies and the interview findings. A lack of demand from clients and outdated work routines also affect adoption of BIM, Augmented- and Virtual Reality.Augmented Reality och Virtual Reality befinner sig just nu vid ett utvecklingsstadie. Denna teknik kan påverka hur konstruktion genomförs i framtiden. Just nu används dessa tekniker inte i någon stor utsträckning inom byggindustrin. Syftet med denna uppsats är att förstå hur den svenska byggbranschen förhåller sig till den nuvarande trenden av digitalisering, med fokus på Augmented- och Virtual Reality. Genom att intervjua 13 chefer och projektledare inom 8 olika AEC-organisationer, i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, konstaterades det att dessa teknologier ses som någonting som kan förändra hur dessa organisationer arbetar. Den nuvarande litteraturen ger exempel på hur Augmented- och Virtual Reality kan användas. Dock har det visat sig att dessa teknologier inte är tillräckligt mogna för att ha en påverkan just nu eftersom de flesta chefer och projektledare såg tekniken som för kostsam, de hade också liten eller ingen kunskap om dess potentiella bidrag. Detsamma gällde BIM, där en brist på kunskap fortfarande verkar vara normen för alla typer av tjänster inom byggbranschen, från arbetare till chef. Detta stämmer överens med tidigare studier och intervjuresultaten. Brist på efterfrågan från kunder samt gamla rutiner påverkar också adoptionen av BIM, Augmented- och Virtual Reality.
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Zeb, Falak, and Sajid Naseem. "Guidelines for the Deployment of Biometrics Technology in Blekinge Health Care System with the Focus on Human Perceptions and Cost Factor." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2130.
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Biometrics Technology is an authentication technology that identifies the individuals from their physical and behavioral characteristics. Despite the fact that biometrics technology provides robust authentication and enhanced security, it has not yet been implemented in many parts of the world due to certain issues i.e. human perceptions of the biometrics technology and cost factor, involved in the deployment of biometrics technology. As the biometrics technology involves identity management of individuals that’s why the humans perceptions of biometrics technology i.e. privacy concerns, security concerns and user acceptance issue play a very important role in the deployment of biometrics technology. There for the human perceptions and cost factor need to be considered before any deployment of biometrics technology. The aim of this thesis work is to study and analyze how the people’s perceptions and cost factor can be solved for the deployment of biometrics technology in Blekinge health care system. Literature study, interviews and survey are performed by authors for the identification and understanding of the human perceptions and cost factor. Based on these, solutions in form of guidelines to the issues involved in the biometrics technology deployment in Blekinge health care system Sweden are given.Biometri Teknik är en autentisering teknik som identifierar individer från deras fysiska och beteendemässiga egenskaper. Trots att biometriska tekniken ger en robust autentisering och ökad säkerhet, har det ännu inte genomförts i många delar av världen på grund av vissa frågor som exempelvis mänskliga uppfattningar om biometriska tekniken och extra kostnader, som deltar i användningen av biometriska tekniken. Eftersom biometriska tekniken innebär identitetshantering av individer som är anledningen till att människor uppfattningar av biometriska tekniken dvs rör skyddet av privatlivet, säkerhetsfrågor och användarnas inställning fråga spelar en mycket viktig roll i spridningen av biometriska tekniken. Där för människors uppfattningar och kostnad faktor måste beaktas innan en eventuell utplacering av biometriska tekniken. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera och analysera hur människors uppfattning och kostnad faktor kan lösas för införande av biometri teknik i Blekinge hälsovårdssystemet. Litteraturstudie, intervjuer och undersökningar utförs av författare för identifiering och förståelse av människans förnimmelser och kostnad faktor. Baserat på dessa, är lösningar i form av riktlinjer för de frågor som berörs av biometri spridningen av tekniken i Blekinge sjukvårdssystem Sverige ges.
Falakzeb@ymail.com, Sajidnaseem.bth@gmail.com
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Polat, Mustafa. "Emerging Technologies in Language Pedagogy: Language Learners' Perceptions through the Lenses of Innovation Diffusion and User Intention Theories." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612413.
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Recently, it has been admitted by many researchers that students today are "digital natives" who already utilize several different technologies everyday with different purposes. Furthermore, while there is a plethora of research about learners' perceptions in language pedagogy, there is a paucity of information and research that could move beyond generic perception studies especially regarding new technologies. Accordingly, educators are still concerned not only with how to encourage EFL learners to adopt emerging technologies that could be invaluable in their language learning processes, but also with how to keep students interested in what they are learning. Thus, an understanding beyond students' perceptions with a purposive focus on their approach to technology by also exploring factors that have an influence on their adoption of emerging technologies is the key to knowing how to motivate students to integrate new technologies, and how to keep students interested in the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was three-fold: to identify language learners' approaches to technologies; to examine their attitude toward emerging technologies with a focus on their familiarity, actual use, intentions and perceptions; and finally to analyze the factors and relationships among these factors that best predict language learners' intentions and decisions to use emerging technologies. The study specifically aimed to explore the following emerging technologies: (a) social networking, (b) mobile learning, and (c) digital games as major emerging technologies of today with also a focus on other emerging technologies: (a) augmented reality, (b) wearable technologies, (c) virtual assistants, (d) massive online open courses, (e) 3D printing and (f) online language learning platforms. This mixed methods study benefitted from multiple disciplines, and presented several different perspectives to achieve its aim. The data were obtained through a survey, open-ended questions, and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, structural equation modeling was utilized and path analysis was employed to draw on two complementary frameworks: innovation diffusion theory (Rogers, 2003), especially its application in technology adopter categories (TACI) (Dugas, 2005), and the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) (Taylor & Todd, 1995), which was adapted for this research. The qualitative data was analyzed through thematic content analysis, and used to triangulate and affirm what the quantitative data was showing. The findings indicated that technology adopter categories were normally distributed among EFL learners at a public and a private university in Turkey. Although most EFL learners were quite familiar and confident with major emerging technologies, they were not very familiar with minor emerging technologies. As for an awareness of the benefits of all listed emerging technologies, the study revealed that EFL learners' awareness is quite high; however, it was also found that participants' intention to use these emerging technologies and their actual use were very low. Finally, the results showed that the adapted DTPB was useful in explaining much of the variance in the intention to integrate technology into language learning processes by EFL learners, and attitude was the most important predictor and factor of behavioral intention. Given these findings, this research aims to contribute to the literature in innovation diffusion, user adoption and language pedagogy by offering several theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications and directions for future research and applications.
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Gordon, Jane S. "Use of synthetic speech in tests of speech discrimination." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3443.
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The purpose of this study was to develop two tape-recorded synthetic speech discrimination test tapes and assess their intelligibility in order to determine whether or not synthetic speech was intelligible and if it would prove useful in speech discrimination testing. Four scramblings of the second MU-6 monosyllable word list were generated by the ECHO l C speech synthesizer using two methods of generating synthetic speech called TEXTALKER and SPEAKEASY. These stimuli were presented in one ear to forty normal-hearing adult subjects, 36 females and 4 males, at 60 dB HL under headphone&. Each subject listened to two different scramblings of the 50 monosyllable word list, one scrambling generated by TEXTALKER and the other scrambling generated by SPEAKEASY. The order in which the TEXTALKER and SPEAKEASY mode of presentation occurred as well as which ear to test per subject was randomly determined.
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Scherling, Daniel, and Roosa Antinoja. "The Effects of E-payment Methods on Online Purchasing Cancellation : An empirical study on Swedish consumers’ perception of trust and security in e-payments." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44079.
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Abstract Background: Around 45% of Swedish consumers canceled their online purchase in 2018, due to too high delivery fees and issues concerning payments. This research is focusing on e-payments by utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model 3 and its determinants perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, and how they contribute to the e-payment method decision. Additionally, the relevance of online trust and online security are examined in relation to purchasing cancellations due to trust and security issues in e-payment methods. Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to understand how Swedish millennial consumers’ perceptions of online security and online trust of e-payment methods effect on online purchasing cancellation. Furthermore, this paper examines how perceptions of usefulness and ease of use contribute as determinants in choosing between e-payment methods according to Swedish millennial consumers. Method: The research is carried out in a qualitative manner by conducting a series of semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Fifteen Swedish millennials contributed to the empirical study. The gathered primary data is analyzed and then presented in chapter 4 and connected to the existing literature in chapter 5. Conclusion: For the Swedish millennials, both online trust and online security are perceived as important determinants when evaluating whether or not the e-payment method could be used. When choosing between different e-payment methods, perceived ease of use seemed to be more important. Additionally, the decisions are made based on which e-payment method is secure, trustworthy, and easy to use. The presence of those determinants also increases perceived usefulness. When making purchases online domestically it appears that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness weight heavier. While trust and security are given more importance if the purchase is made from a foreign website.
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Leckner, Sara. "Is the medium the message? : The impact of digital media on the newspaper concept." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Medieteknik och grafisk produktion, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4530.
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Reeder, Elaine M. "Student Perceptions and Sense of Self-efficacy Regarding Interface Design and Consistency in an Online Learning Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404572/.
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The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate student perceptions of the design and consistency of the online learning environment in relation to motivation, satisfaction, and self-efficacy. Through surveys, think-aloud observation sessions, and reflection interviews, data were collected concerning student perspectives of design and consistency in the online learning environment. SPSS was used to process the survey data and a multi-step process was used to code the observations and interviews. Nine categories emerged from the analysis: (1) frustration; (2) excitement; (3) feeling of being lost; (4) confusion; (5) disgust; (6) positivity; (7); anxiety; (8) understanding; (9) action. The findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided to inform future development of online courses.
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Sawyer, Laura M. "Perceptions and Practice| The Relationship Between Teacher Perceptions of Technology Use and Level of Classroom Technology Integration." Thesis, Southeastern University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10273177.
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This correlational-predictive study investigated the relationship between teacher perceptions of technology use and observed classroom technology integration level using the Technology Uses and Perceptions Survey (TUPS) and the Technology Integration Matrix- Observation (TIM-O) instruments, developed by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT) at USF. Anonymized data were obtained from FCIT that included 51 teachers from a Florida school district who completed the TUPS and were observed using the TIM-O. Linear regression was used to determine the overall relationship between perceptions and technology integration, as well as the overall predictive value of teacher perceptions on technology integration level. Both were found to be statistically significant; a low-moderate relationship existed between the TUPS and the TIM-O, and the TUPS was found to be a predictor of the TIM-O level. In addition, multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between each of the seven areas of the TUPS and the TIM-O level, as well as the predictive ability of each of the TUPS domains on the TIM-O level. Although none of the domains had a statistically significant relationship or predictive value, several subgroups had significant findings in the domains of confidence and comfort, and skills and usefulness. This study supports previous research in teacher perceptions and beliefs and furthers the research by including predictive relationships. Administrators, professional developers, and support staff can use these findings to target teacher professional learning opportunities in technology integration.
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Lorentzen, Charlott. "On User Perception of Authentication in Networks." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00584.
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Authentication solutions are designed to stop unauthorized users from getting access to a secured system. However, each time an authentication process occur an authorized user needs to wait in expectation of approved access. This effort can be perceived as either a positive or negative experience. If the effort is perceived as a security measure; the effort is usually perceived as a positive experience. On the other hand, if the effort is perceived as a waiting time; the effort is usually perceived as a negative experience. The trade-off between security, user-friendliness and simplicity plays an important role in the domain of user acceptability. From the users' point of view, security is both necessary and disturbing at the same time. The overall focus in this thesis is on user perception of authentication in communication networks. An authentication procedure, or login, normally includes several steps and messages between a client and a server. In addition, the connection could suffer from low Quality of Service, i.e., each step in the authentication process will add to a longer response time. The longer response times will then infer lower Quality of Experience, i.e., a worse user perception. The thesis first presents a concept of investigating user perception. A framework is developed in which different criteria and evaluation methods for authentication schemes are presented. This framework is then used to investigate user perception of the response times of a web authentication procedure. The derived result, which is an exponential function, is compared to models for user perception of web performance. The comparison indicates that users perceive logins similarly, but not identically, to how they perceive standard web page loading. The user perception, with regards to excessive authentication times, is further studied by determining the weak point of the Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for GSM Subscriber Identity Modules (EAPSIM) with the OpenID service. The response times are controllably increased by emulating bad network performance for EAP-SIM and other EAP methods in live setups. The obtained results show that one task of the EAP-SIM authentication deviates from the other tasks, and contributes more to the total response time. This deviation points out the direction for future optimization. Finally, this thesis investigates how users of social networks perceive security, and to which extent they contribute to it. One way of contributing to security by creating and using strong authentication credentials, e.g. passwords. Websites might enforce a password length which is insufficient to provide a strong password. This might then cause problems by giving users a false perception of what constitutes a strong password. The origin of the password problem, namely the construction of passwords, and the user perception of password security is studied. A survey is conducted and the results indicate that the passwords of the respondents are not as strong as the respondents perceive them to be.
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Lorentzen, Charlott. "User Perception and Performance of Authentication Procedures." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00497.
Full textAbstract:
There is no doubt that security mechanisms, such as authentication, are required in Information and Communication Technology, but they come at a price: Users need to spend additional time and effort to authenticate themselves. With this in mind, user perception of authentication is an important factor for successful use of authentication solutions. If users perceive an authentication procedure as time-consuming and difficult, they might ignore or try to bypass it. Therefore, user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) should be investigated. QoE is a challenging area as it, in this case, covers network performance and security as well as Human Computer Interaction and user experience. Throughout this work, authentication performance is investigated, starting with a framework for evaluating security architectures and authentication solutions in general. Criteria for user-friendliness, security and simplicity are described and the evaluation methods span from theoretical to practical, and qualitative to quantitative methods. The latter two aspects are investigated by a study of user experience of web authentication with OpenID using the EAP-SIM authentication method. The user experiments resulted in several user models of QoE. One particular user model for QoE, the exponential relationship between QoE and network level performance, was then used in further experiments on performance evaluation of OpenID authentication using EAP-SIM. The latter was done to determine the decisive factors for QoE of the authentication method in use. The results from these experiments show that the combination of OpenID and EAP-SIM for authentication over a secure tunnel is not appropriate to use over networks with high delays. The latter implies the need for improvements of the authentication procedure of OpenID using EAP-SIM, which should be addressed in the future. The user model of QoE obtained in this study will even help to quantify the performance aspects of future authentication procedures.
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Seamans, Nancy H. "Information Literacy: A Study of Freshman Students' Perceptions, with Recommendations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27705.
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The research problem for this study is focused on the need to know how students acquire and use information. Research indicates a lack of understanding of what students know about information and how they use information and this study used the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (Appendix A) as the basis for acquiring a better understanding of what kind of information freshman students at Virginia Tech need and how they acquire it during their first semester at college. Students were asked questions about their information use during fall semester 2000, using both email questioning and in face-to-face interviews. The data collected was used to develop insights into how students acquire and use information and resulted in suggestions that could be used in revising and improving instruction for freshman students that is provided by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.Ph. D.
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Dias, Lay Maria Christina. "Responsive site design : user environmental perception and behaviour." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315392.
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Knappik, Laura. "The User Perception of Vehicle-Based Infotainment Systems." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36538.
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Dillon, Andrew. "User acceptance of information technology." London: Taylor and Francis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105880.
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This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing
this material: Dillon, A. (2001) User Acceptance of Information Technology. In: W.
Karwowski (ed). Encyclopedia of Human Factors and Ergonomics. London: Taylor and
Francis. Introduction:
Despite significant investments in information technology in developed nations over
recent decades, concern exists over the extent to which such expenditures have produced
the intended benefits. At least part of this concern is based around the issue of whether
any information technology is accepted by its intended users. Human factors
professionals are interested in understanding the determinants of acceptance and ensuring
new designs are built and implemented so as to minimize resistance. This concern has
extended the traditional ergonomic concern with usability, or ability to use, to cover
acceptance, or willingness to use.
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Freeman, Brenda M. "Perceptions of technology use in rural and urban Pennsylvania high schools /." Link to Dissertations, 2008. http://eprint.cc.andrews.edu/19/.
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Wight, Robert Alan. "We are Nature Exploring Ecovillagers' Perceptions of Nature and Uses of Technology /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1216753651.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Kelly Moore Dr. (Committee Chair), Rhys Williams Dr. (Committee Member), Steve Carlton-Ford Dr. (Other). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 4, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Ecovillages; Sustainable Culture; Nature - Culture Divide; Environmental Sociology; Social Movements. Includes bibliographical references.
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McGowan, Michael T. "Perceptions of Associates to Embrace Technology Used in Teams in the Workplace." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538780/.
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This study explores employees' desire to embrace both a legacy operating system and a new workflow engine utilized in the workplace. The goal is to better understand the partnership and relationship the users build with the technologies and how that impacts usage behavior. The research is centered on a mixed-method case study using survey and episodic interview techniques of data collection. Models and methodologies providing the foundation for this study include Venkatesh and Davis's technology acceptance model 2 (TAM 2) and Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis' unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, coupled loosely with concepts from Brooks and Atkinson's StructurANTion Theory. A new, adapted model is created to capture and understand the anthropomorphic characteristics users apply to the technology. This study yields important information for the future theoretical frameworks as elements such as trust and control, and descriptive variables like age and tenure have not factored into existing theoretical frameworks and models. Users can often anthropomorphize technology, viewing it as part of the social team to help improve their work. Through this lens, users expect information systems to be controllable and trustworthy to respond to their needs both alone and within the function of the team.
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Dobnik, Simon. "Teaching mobile robots to use spatial words." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3e8d606-212b-4a8e-ba9b-9c59cfd3f485.
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The meaning of spatial words can only be evaluated by establishing a reference to the properties of the environment in which the word is used. For example, in order to evaluate what is to the left of something or how fast is fast in a given context, we need to evaluate properties such as the position of objects in the scene, their typical function and behaviour, the size of the scene and the perspective from which the scene is viewed. Rather than encoding the semantic rules that define spatial expressions by hand, we developed a system where such rules are learned from descriptions produced by human commentators and information that a mobile robot has about itself and its environment. We concentrate on two scenarios and words that are used in them. In the first scenario, the robot is moving in an enclosed space and the descriptions refer to its motion ('You're going forward slowly' and 'Now you're turning right'). In the second scenario, the robot is static in an enclosed space which contains real-size objects such as desks, chairs and walls. Here we are primarily interested in prepositional phrases that describe relationships between objects ('The chair is to the left of you' and 'The table is further away than the chair'). The perspective can be varied by changing the location of the robot. Following the learning stage, which is performed offline, the system is able to use this domain specific knowledge to generate new descriptions in new environments or to 'understand' these expressions by providing feedback to the user, either linguistically or by performing motion actions. If a robot can be taught to 'understand' and use such expressions in a manner that would seem natural to a human observer, then we can be reasonably sure that we have captured at least something important about their semantics. Two kinds of evaluation were performed. First, the performance of machine learning classifiers was evaluated on independent test sets using 10-fold cross-validation. A comparison of classifier performance (in regard to their accuracy, the Kappa coefficient (κ), ROC and Precision-Recall graphs) is made between (a) the machine learning algorithms used to build them, (b) conditions under which the learning datasets were created and (c) the method by which data was structured into examples or instances for learning. Second, with some additional knowledge required to build a simple dialogue interface, the classifiers were tested live against human evaluators in a new environment. The results show that the system is able to learn semantics of spatial expressions from low level robotic data. For example, a group of human evaluators judged that the live system generated a correct description of motion in 93.47% of cases (the figure is averaged over four categories) and that it generated the correct description of object relation in 59.28% of cases.
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Borbey, Daniel. "Mediating Social Media: Examining User Risk Perception on Facebook." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19680.
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This thesis explores how social networking sites are changing the way individuals socialize in everyday life, and how users mediate this social media. The hypothesis explored is that Facebook user’s perception of risk, when using the site, is related to how they frame the technology. Drawing on conceptual and theoretical tools from science studies and the sociologies of friendship, risk and surveillance, interview data is collected and analysed in order to identify the dynamics that structure Facebook use. It is concluded not only that, as hypothesized, participant’s awareness and perception of risk is based upon their framing of the social networking technology, but also that the framing processes arise from the technosocial hybrid nature of Facebook. That is to say, it is not exclusively based on technological possibility or on existing social practices but instead by a constant balance between the two.
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Bergdahl, Niklas, and Malte Davidsson. "User perception of varying level of detail for Imposters." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263157.
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As the time to render frames increases with the amount of 3D models present and the level of detail of these models, finding a way to render these objects more efficiently would allow real time applications to render a larger number of objects. One such technique is Imposters, but their level of detail is limited by texture memory, especially for animated objects. A user study was performed to investigate how changing the level of detail of the angles or frames for imposters in a crowd simulation impacts the perceived realism. The results of this study show that the participants’ confidence in their answers fell as the overall quality rose, but the share of answers that aligned with the higher quality side rose together with overall quality.Eftersom att tiden det tar att rendera bildrutor ökar med antalet 3D-modeller som avbildas och med modellernas detaljnivå skulle det tillåta realtidsapplikationer att avbilda fler objekt om ett sätt att effektivare avbilda dessa objekt hittas. En sådan teknik är Imposters, men deras detaljrikedom begränsas av texturminne, särskilt när det kommer till animerade objekt. En användarstudie utfördes för att undersöka hur förändringar i detaljnivåer med avseende på antalet vinklar och bildrutor för Imposters i en simulering av en folkmassa påverkar den upplevda realismen. Resultaten av studien pekar på att deltagarnas tilltro till sina svar minskade i takt med att kvalitén ökade, däremot ökade andelen svar där sidan med högre kvalité valdes när kvalitén överlag var högre.
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Vuong, Kieu Anh. "The end-user perception of healthcare waiting environment designs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63884/.
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Waiting environments often represent the first interaction point of the healthcare journey and as such contribute to end-user overall experience. The design of these spaces should therefore make the experience as positive as possible. The body of evidence about the relationship between healthcare built-environments and end-user outcomes has grown rapidly in recent years. However, as opposed to inpatient and longterm care, few studies have focused on the design of outpatient settings and their waiting environments. In order to improve the waiting experience, it is necessary to understand how end-users perceive the design of the healthcare waiting environments. This research therefore aims to understand how end-users in the United Kingdom perceive the design of outpatient healthcare waiting environments (OHCWEs). A mixed methods research consisting of quantitative and qualitative techniques was developed to address key research objectives in four studies. In Study 1, end-user perceptions were explored through 24 photo-elicitation interviews. Content analysis of the data revealed that end-users described their perception of the design of OHCWEs using design descriptors and/or emotional, cognitive and associative terms. This contributed to the understanding of the content and language that participants used to describe the design. In Study 2a, 66 participants rated images on semantic differential scales. Using Principal Component Analysis, the level of pleasantness and typical healthcare appearance were extracted as two end-user main perceptions. As these two perceptions were found uncorrelated, a direct causal effect relationship between them could not be assumed. This challenged existing knowledge suggesting a positive effect on end-users related to untypical healthcare appearance. In Study 2b, learning from the review of the literature and from the studies 1 and 2a were consolidated to form a theoretical foundation for the research design of Study 3 to assess design attributes. In Study 3, participants (N=116) evaluated seven design attributes and their sub-attributes on perceived level of pleasantness using photo-realistic renderings which were specifically created. Conjoint Analysis revealed that wooden flooring, an open reception area, upholstered, single chairs that are arranged in rows, clear signage and additional features e.g. indoor plants or refreshment facilities were perceived most pleasant. The quantifiable measures about the contribution of each design attribute to perceived level of pleasantness extend existing knowledge in evidence-based design and hence represent conceptual contributions. In addition to the conceptual contributions, this research also contributes to the practical and methodological development of evidence-based design. The methodological framework provides a novel way of measuring end-user perceptions of the design in OHCWEs. The developed method allowed a more complete view on end-user insights which would not have been possible using traditional, pure methods. Additional learning about the design enabled the formulation of practical design recommendations to improve end-user perceptions of OHCWEs. Being able to assess the pleasantness of healthcare environments has the potential to improve the well-being of end-users.