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Hart, John Frederic Vincent. "The political and legal uses of reference cases by the Mackenzie King government, 1935-1940." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30645.
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This thesis provides an examination of both the political and legal uses of reference cases to the Supreme Court of Canada by the Mackenzie King government. Attention is devoted to the five-year-period, 1935-1940, in which the King administration submitted several politically motivated references to the Supreme Court. This political use of reference
cases to the Supreme Court began immediately after the Liberals returned to power in October 1935 when the government submitted the Bennett government's New Deal legislation
for judicial scrutiny. Within the five-year-period the government forwarded two other references to the Supreme Court, again where highly controversial legislation was involved: the Alberta Social Credit statutes passed in 1937 and the private member's bill sponsored by CH. Cahan in 1939 to abolish overseas appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, then the final court of appeal for Canada.
The underlying premise of this thesis is that in each of the above instances the King government found it politically expedient to involve the Supreme Court in issues where questions of law were clearly subordinate to the political concerns of the federal government. Furthermore, in each instance, avenues of action, other than a reference case to the Supreme Court, were available to the federal government but were rejected by cabinet. Only in one instance, when Quebec's controversial 1937 Padlock Act was under close scrutiny, did the federal government avoid submitting a patently political issue to the Supreme Court, apprehensive of the consequences of such action. The federal government's
reluctance to forward a reference to the Supreme Court in the case of Quebec's Padlock Act thus provides a revealing contrast to both the New Deal and the situation in Alberta where reference cases were initiated almost immediately. The federal government's
marked reluctance to deal with Quebec in a comparable manner therefore merits close attention and as such is an important element of this thesis.
The background to each reference case, its political origins, the reasons for the federal
government's insistence on a reference--or in the case of Quebec, the reasons for
avoidance of a reference—are the central issues addressed in this thesis. The cases are examined
from another viewpoint as well. Once before the Court, the political issues gave way as the Court focused primarily upon the legal issues involved. The Court's decisions thereby provide another important vantage point from which to view the implications of the federal government's actions. For example, an assessment of the legal argument and judicial reasoning in the New Deal cases helps one answer these questions: First, did King's lawyers really try to win? Second, did the courts (both the Supreme Court of Canada and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) simply bow to King's obvious desire
that the legislation be declared ultra vires? Third, did the courts, as some have alleged,
decide that the depression was not an emergency?
Although the King government may have found it preferable for short-term considerations
to submit contentious political issues involving questions of law to the Supreme Court for its legal opinion, in the long-term it found itself dealing with unexpected complications
arising from the very decisions it sought. Even if the government successfully predicts
the legal outcome of a court case, it may find itself dealing with a political outcome it had not anticipated. Certainly if the actions of the King government are any indication in the five-year-period under discussion, this is a complication a government seldom expects, although one as I argue, that it should prepare itself for.
This thesis also demonstrates that when reference cases are employed by the federal
government, politicians, constitutional scholars, political journalists and other concerned
citizens should ask two important questions: First, is the reference being initiated to avoid or delay assuming political responsibility in a given situation? Second, are like situations
indeed receiving like treatment? As indicated throughout this thesis, such questions are of great importance. Indeed, this thesis demonstrates that in the period between 1935 and 1940 the King administration initiated not only the New Deal reference, but forwarded
C.H. Cahan's private member's bill to the courts as well, in order to avoid dealing with a controversial political issue. So, too, the period provides a telling example of an in-stance where like situations were not treated alike as the striking similarities between the situation in Alberta and Quebec indicates. Clearly, a failure to ask questions such as the ones posed above leads to the possibility that the full meaning of the reference cases themselves,
their origins and their implications, will not be realized by the interested onlooker.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Curry, Tracy. "The application of the uses and gratifications theory comparing television and newspaper coverage during product tampering cases." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1100448.
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Periods of crisis communication are uncertain, at best, for any organization dealing with a product tampering. This study examined how the public would use the media to gain information about the product tampering, if there would be a difference between newspaper and television usage, and what gratifications the public would seek from the media.The hypothesis stated that there would be no significant difference in media use during product tampering cases between newspapers and television. Three hundred eighty-eight households, the number needed for statistical reliability, were surveyed by telephone in the Muncie, Indiana, area. Results of the data supported the hypothesis.Department of Journalism
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Mojica, Bonilla Ana I. "Multiple Scenario Interface for Visualizing Urban Structures: The Cases of the Salvadoran Cities of San Salvador and Santa Tecla." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1230049656.
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Salomonsson, Dennis, and Viktor Häll. "User Experience : Att konkretisera tillvägagångssättet med utgångspunkt från ett fallföretag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86102.
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There are many different details to consider for developers when creating a new product. Many believe that the functions is the most important. However the question about how the products User Experience should be handled gets more and more important. Because of that there are lots of tests before every launch to ensure that the product gets a better welcoming with the customers. The purpose with this study was to create a overview for how to create a better User Experience. We have created a guideline in this topical subject through creating a methodology to follow. This was done because of the difficulty to follow the current guidelines, and especially from those who really don´t know the subject. This study was based on previous research with a qualitative data collection method. We did our study from the eyes of a case business where we had interviews to get their opinions about User Experience and methodologies that already exists. The information that were used as method for the selection of informants because it was important for us that the informants knew what they were talking about. The purpose of the empirical data was to conclude which parts that were necessary to include in a methodology to get a more advanced User Experience but also why it is important. With this information we could give our version of a methodology to create a User Experience that fit in different projects. The results of the study contain the parts that we thought was important for creating a methodology that the developers could use. These were Design, UX-design, User Behavior, Usability and Human Computer Interaction that we later compiled to different phases in our methodology for User Experience. Furthermore when we concluded the phases for our methodology and these were Understanding where the developers shall create an understanding about what the user really wants. Research where you research what techniques that should be a part of a modern product. Sketch where you work from what the customer wants to get prototypes and test them to get their opinion. Design where you confirms which of the prototypes you will use in a completed design. Implementation where you create the product. The last phase is Evaluate where you do usability testings continuously to know that it is really working.
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HORI, Érica Aguiar Andrade. "ucsCNL A controlled natural language for use case specifications." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2393.
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Previous issue date: 2010A maioria das empresas utiliza a linguagem natural livre para documentar software, desde os seus requisitos, até os casos de uso e testes usados para verificar o produto final. Visto que as fases de análise, projeto, implementação e teste do sistema dependem essencialmente dessa documentação, é preciso assegurar inicialmente a qualidade desses textos. Contudo, textos escritos em linguagem natural nem sempre são precisos, devido ao fenômeno da ambigüidade (léxica e estrutural), podendo dar margem a diferentes interpretações. Uma alternativa para se minimizar esse problema é o uso de uma Linguagem Natural Controlada - um subconjunto de alguma língua natural, que usa um vocabulário restrito a um domínio particular, e regras gramaticais que guiam a construção de sentenças com redução de ambigüidade semântica visando padronização e precisão dos textos. Este trabalho, na área de Teste de Software, apresenta a ucsCNL (Use Case Specification CNL), uma Linguagem Natural Controlada para escrever especificações de casos de uso no domínio de dispositivos móveis. A ucsCNL foi integrada à TaRGeT (Test and Requirements Generation Tool), uma ferramenta para geração automática de casos de teste funcionais baseados em cenários de casos de uso escritos em Inglês. A ucsCNL provê um ambiente para geração de casos de teste mais claros, com ambigüidade reduzida, influindo diretamente na qualidade dos testes e na produtividade dos testadores. A ucsCNL já está em uso e tem alcançado resultados satisfatórios
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FERREIRA, EDUARDO DE OLIVEIRA. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF USER INTERFACE TEST SUITES SPECIFIED BY USE CASES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23277@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Espera-se que o desenvolvimento de suítes de teste a partir de modelos possa contribuir substancialmente para a redução do esforço humano e aumentar a eficácia dos testes gerados. Entende-se por eficácia (ideal) dos testes o percentual de defeitos existentes encontrados a partir desses testes. Uma grande parte dessas técnicas baseia-se em máquinas de estado e quase sempre estão voltadas para o teste de funcionalidade. Entretanto, existe a necessidade de se poder testar sistemas altamente interativos, tais como smartphones e tablets, a partir de uma descrição de sua interface humano-computador. O objetivo da dissertação é efetuar uma primeira avaliação de uma técnica voltada para a geração de suítes de teste visando o teste de interfaces gráficas. Para tal,desenvolvemos e avaliamos a eficácia de uma ferramenta, chamada Easy, que utiliza casos de uso tabulares e máquina de estados para a geração automática da suíte de testes. Os casos de uso são descritos em linguagem natural restrita. A partir dessa descrição, a ferramenta constrói uma máquina de estado e, a seguir, a utiliza para gerar cenários. Por construção os cenários estarão em conformidade com os casos de uso. Cada cenário corresponde a um caso de teste. Os cenários são apresentados ao usuário em linguagem natural restrita, permitindo a visualização destes antes da geração dos scripts finais de testes. Os scripts gerados são destinados a uma ferramenta de execução automatizada voltada para o teste de interfaces gráficas. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a ferramenta UI Automation, responsável pela execução de testes em aplicações destinadas ao iOS, sistema operacional de iPhone, iPad e iPod Touch. A eficácia do processo foi avaliada em uma aplicação real, disponível na loja virtual de aplicativos App Store. Além disso, foram realizados testes de IHC afim de avaliar a influência no custo da produção da suíte de teste.
It is expected that the development of test suites from models can contribute substantially to reducing the human effort and to increase the effectiveness of the generated tests. Means for tests’ effectiveness (ideal) the percentage of existing defects found by these tests. Most of these techniques is based on state machines and mostly directed to testing the functionality. However, there is a need to be able to test highly interactive systems, such as smartphones and tablets, from a description of its human computer interface. The goal of the dissertation is to make a first evaluation of a technique aimed to generate test suites for test of human computer graphic interface. For this purpose was developed and evaluated its effectiveness, a tool called Easy, using use cases tabular and state machine for the automatic generation of the suite tests. The use cases are described in natural language restricted. From this description, the tool builds a state machine, and then uses this to generate scenarios. By construction scenarios will be in accordance with the use cases. Each scenario corresponds to a test case. The scenarios are presented to the user in natural language, allowing the visualization of them before the generation of the final scripts tests. The generated scripts are intended to a running automated tool geared to testing graphical interfaces. In this work, we used the UI Automation tool, responsible for running tests on applications for the iOS, operational system for iPhones, iPads and iPod touchs. The effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated in a real application, available in the online store applications App Store. In addition, HCI tests were performed in order to evaluate the influence on the cost of production of the test suite.
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Haghverdian, Pol, and Martin Olsson. "Identification of cloud service use-cases and quality aspects:end-user perspective : Learnability, Operability and Security quality attributes and their corresponding use cases." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12753.
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Context. With the entry of smart-phones on the market in the beginningof 2007, the integration of an mp3 player, camera and gps into an all in onedevice. As the integration was realized, creating and storing own contentbecame easier. Therefore the need of more storage became a problem as thesmart-phones were limited in capacity. The 3G network was on the rise andthe cloud solutions could help to contribute to the storage problems usersstarted to have. Objectives. In this study we will evaluate what can be done with use casesin terms of quality attributes, seeing it from a users perspective by havingusers rank use cases for cloud services. With further investigation we willmake a contribution of what the differences between public and personalclouds are. Methods. Use-cases were found by the conducted empirical study andwere based on a Systematic mapping review. In this review, a number ofarticle sources are used, including Google search, Bth summon and Googlescholar. Studies were selected after reading the articles and checked if thepapers matched our defined inclusion criteria. We also designed a surveywith variable amount of questions depending on what the participant wouldanswer. The questions were featured in terms of functionality interpretedfrom the use-cases found in the SLM. Results. Through our SLM we found six different use-cases which were Recovery, Collaborative working, Password protection, Backup, Version tracking and Media streaming. The identified quality attributes gave two or moremappings to their corresponding use-case. As for the comparison betweendifferent clouds, only two out of six use-cases where implemented for the Personal cloud. Conclusions. This gave us the conclusion that the vendors have beenmostly focusing on the storage part of the Personal cloud, but there are solutions in order to increase the functionalities. Those solutions will probably not fit everyone as it includes open source software, with skills of handling installation and other procedures by the user.
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Moreira, Augusto Abelin. "Reuso de IHC orientado a padrões concretos de interação e dirigido por casos de uso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35685.
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A prática de reuso, apesar de ser universalmente e reconhecidamente aceita como uma boa prática, ainda não atingiu um estágio de maturidade satisfatório nas instituições. Em particular, a definição e a construção das interfaces com o usuário (IHC) ainda carecem de abordagens efetivas e sistemáticas de reuso, mesmo se comparadas com as práticas já existentes de reuso dos demais artefatos de software. O objetivo deste trabalho é duplo: investigar abordagens de reuso de interfaces do usuário (IHC), analisando-as do ponto de vista da sua aplicabilidade, adequação e integração em um processo de desenvolvimento de software baseado na UML e propor uma abordagem de reuso de artefatos de software interativo dirigida por casos de uso, integrando – por meio de alguns aspectos do ciclo de vida de casos de uso (da modelagem à implementação) – vários conceitos e técnicas de reuso bem conhecidos como padrões de casos de uso, padrões de interação e padrões de projeto. O foco principal é a definição de como promover o reuso de interface com o usuário baseado em padrões e de como usar e implementar esses padrões através do reuso de código e/ou de componentes.Reuse practicing, although universally and recognizably accepted as good practice, hasn’t reached a fair maturity level in organizations. Specifically, the definition and construction of user interfaces (HCI) lack effective and systematic reuse approaches even when compared with other reuse practices used nowadays. This work has a dual-purpose: to make a survey of reuse approaches of user interfaces (HCI) and their applicability in a development process based on UML, and to present a use case driven software reuse approach for interactive systems, integrating – by means of some aspects of use case life cycle (from modeling to implementation) - several well-known reuse concepts and techniques like use case patterns, interaction patterns and design patterns. The approach focuses on how to promote user interface reuse based on patterns and how to use and implement them through code reuse and/or component reuse.
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Jacobs, Gershwin. "User experience guidelines for mobile natural user interfaces: a case study of physically disabled users." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17547.
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Motor impaired people are faced with many challenges, one being the of lack integration into certain spheres of society. Access to information is seen as a major issue for the motor impaired since most forms of interaction or interactive devices are not suited to the needs of motor impaired people. People with motor impairments, like the rest of the population, are increasingly using mobile phones. As a result of the current devices and methods used for interaction with content on mobile phones, various factors prohibit a pleasant experience for users with motor impairments. To counter these factors, this study recognizes the need to implement better suited methods of interaction and navigation to improve accessibility, usability and user experience for motor impaired users. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature of motor impairments and the challenges that this group of people face when using mobile phones. Once this was determined, a solution to address this problem was found in the form of natural user interfaces. In order to gain a better understanding of this technology, various forms of NUIs and the benefits thereof were studied by the researcher in order to determine how this technology can be implemented to meet the needs of motor impaired people. To test theory, the Samsung Galaxy s5 was selected as the NUI device for the study. It must be noted that this study started in the year 2013 and the Galaxy S5 was the latest device claiming to improve interaction for disabled people at the time. This device was used in a case study that made use of various data collection methods, including participant interviews. Various motor impaired participants were requested to perform predefined tasks on the device, along with the completion of a set of user experience questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that interaction with mobile phones is an issue for people with motor impairments and that alternative methods of interaction need to be implemented. These results contributed to the final output of this study, namely a set of user experience guidelines for the design of mobile human computer interaction for motor impaired users.
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Ahmed, Tanvir Saif, and Bratislav Markovic. "Distribuerade datalagringssystem för tjänsteleverantörer : Undersökning av olika användningsfall för distribuerade datalagringssystem." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192689.
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Detta examensarbete handlar om undersökning av tre olika användningsfall inom datalagring; Cold Storage, High Performance Storage och Virtual Machine Storage. Rapporten har som syfte att ge en översikt över kommersiella distribuerade filsystem samt en djupare undersökning av distribuerade filsystem som bygger på öppen källkod och därmed hitta en optimal lösning för dessa användnings-fall. I undersökningen ingick att analysera och jämföra tidigare arbeten där jämförelser mellan pre-standamätningar, dataskydd och kostnader utfördes samt lyfta upp diverse funktionaliteter (snapshotting, multi-tenancy, datadeduplicering, datareplikering) som moderna distribuerade filsy-stem kännetecknas av. Både kommersiella och öppna distribuerade filsystem undersöktes. Även en kostnadsuppskattning för kommersiella och öppna distribuerade filsystem gjordes för att ta reda på lönsamheten för dessa två typer av distribuerat filsystem.Efter att jämförelse och analys av olika tidigare arbeten utfördes, visade sig att det öppna distribue-rade filsystemet Ceph lämpade sig bra som en lösning utifrån kraven som sattes som mål för High Performance Storage och Virtual Machine Storage. Kostnadsuppskattningen visade att det var mer lönsamt att implementera ett öppet distribuerat filsystem. Denna undersökning kan användas som en vägledning vid val mellan olika distribuerade filsystem.In this thesis, a study of three different uses cases has been made within the field of data storage, which are as following: Cold Storage, High Performance Storage and Virtual Machine Storage. The purpose of the survey is to give an overview of commercial distributed file systems and a deeper study of open source codes distributed file systems in order to find the most optimal solution for these use cases. Within the study, previous works concerning performance, data protection and costs were an-alyzed and compared in means to find different functionalities (snapshotting, multi-tenancy, data duplication and data replication) which distinguish modern distributed file systems. Both commercial and open distributed file systems were examined. A cost estimation for commercial and open distrib-uted file systems were made in means to find out the profitability for these two types of distributed file systems.After comparing and analyzing previous works, it was clear that the open source distributed file sys-tem Ceph was proper as a solution in accordance to the objectives that were set for High Performance Storage and Virtual Machine Storage. The cost estimation showed that it was more profitable to im-plement an open distributed file system. This study can be used as guidance to choose between different distributed file systems.
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Hienerth, Christoph, Christopher Lettl, and Peter Keinz. "Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer-User Ecosystem." Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12127.
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While many firms today proactively involve users in their new product development efforts using a wide variety of
methods such as the lead user method, firm-hosted user communities, or mass customization toolkits, some pioneering
firms are experimenting with the creation of sustainable producer-user ecosystems designed for the continuous
exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. In this paper, the functioning of such ecosystems is studied with
particular emphasis on the synergies they can yield. Based on an explorative and longitudinal multiple case study
design, the producer-user ecosystem of the firm LEGO is analyzed, and three main actors in the ecosystem are
identified: entrepreneurial lead users who aim to start their own businesses, a vibrant user community, and the LEGO
company as the focal producer firm and facilitator for multiple user-to-user and user-to-producer interactions. Our
study reveals three kinds of synergies: (1) reduced risk for entrepreneurial lead users and the focal producer firm, (2) the extension of the design space of the focal producer firm's products, and (3) the creation of buzz within the user community. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for innovation researchers and
practitioners are discussed. (authors' abstract)
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Shui, Aaron Fu-Shen 1980. "Exceptional use cases." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84073.
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Many exceptional situations arise during the execution of an application. When developing dependable software, the first step is to foresee these exceptional situations and document how the system should deal with them. This thesis outlines an approach that extends use case based requirements elicitation with ideas from the exception handling world. After defining the actors and the goals they pursue when interacting with the system, our approach leads a developer to systematically investigate all exceptional situations arising in the environment or in the system that change or fail user goals. Means are defined for detecting the occurrence of all exceptional situations, and the exceptional interaction between the actors and the system necessary to recover from such situations is described in handler use cases. To conclude the requirements phase, an extended UML use case diagram summarizes the standard use cases, exceptions, handlers and their relationships.
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Kavathe, Rucha S. "Patterns of Access and Use of Online Health Information among Internet Users: A Case Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1250696451.
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Li, Mimi. "Urban Regeneration through Public Space: A Case Study in Squares in Dalian, China." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/991.
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Urban regeneration has been accompanying urban development since the earliest human settlement, and was emphasized after the World War Two. Several decades' experience and billions of dollars forced the decision makers to realize the importance of urban image, quality of life, and urban environment, which were recognized as prerequisites and catalysts for the economic development of cities. In this circumstance squares have been involved in urban regeneration projects to create symbol of the city and to provide space for residents, and have been proved to be effective for urban regeneration by many western countries. Dalian, a coastal city in Northeast China presented to be a successful case in the country in involving the construction of squares in regenerating central city to transform the city from a heavy industrial city to a garden city. In the circumstance of urban beautification movement in China, which began in 1990s and was partly symbolized by the construction of fancy, large, but under-used squares, a study on the success of Dalian is indeed needed. This study shed light on the major concerns of Dalian government to create squares in central city, the land use issues of squares, the usage on the squares, and the perception of squares by users. Through the application of key-informant interview, questionnaire survey, and onsite observation, the paper concluded that the construction of squares was part of the urban regeneration policies in Dalian, the major concern was to provide local residents with public open space to enjoy public life, and to improve urban environment. The construction of squares was carefully and systematically planned, the location of squares was pertinent to the land use pattern nearby and to the function of each of the three districts in central city, the squares are fully utilized, and are appreciated by both local residents and tourists. The squares were considered as catalyst in urban environment improvement, urban image enhancement, and tourism and economic development from the perspective of government officials, local residents, and tourists. Implication was provided for other cities in China based on the major findings and reviewed literature, future research opportunities were also suggested.
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Bouldin, Shannon. "Verification of Use Cases." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2011. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/384.
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40% of all project failures are the result of inadequate requirement analysis; the end results do not fit the customer's desires. To combat this problem, the Department of Defense has instituted a new acquisition process necessitating that the requirements aspect of the program be examined earlier. It is more imperative than ever that programs deliver the right system. Verification of Use Cases (VUC) is a solid way to increase the odds that the customer wants are met. VUC has four main components: tracking system, requirements attached to respective use case, test cases built from use cases, and the subsystem requirement tested against the system requirement. The tracking system is a way to ensure the requirements, use cases and test cases are all linked. Regardless of the document, or phase of the program, an alphanumeric system is used, as the unique ID, linking the requirements, use cases, and test cases together.
The use case does not usually include the requirement, however with VUC it will. This way, regardless of the phase of the project or the personnel on the project, the use case can never be lost as it in the same document as the requirements. It is this document that is flowed down to the test engineers to use to build the test cases.
Using the scenarios of the use cases, the test cases are built and stored in a matrix. Each scenario will have at least one, if not more, test cases associated with it. This results in thorough test cases for each use case and linked requirement, increasing the likelihood that no part of the requirement is overlooked. The last phase of VUC takes the subsystems requirements and tests them back to their parent system test case, which was built from its respective use cases. This ensures that each subsystem meets the customer's expectations, getting the system closer to fulfilling its expected role and on budget and on schedule.
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Ameen, Nisreen. "Arab users' acceptance and use of mobile phones : a case of young users in Iraq, Jordan and UAE." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/702271/.
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The use of mobile phones has great potential in the Arab region. Nevertheless, recent reports on the performance of mobile companies in this region revealed a decrease in revenues since 2013. The main aim of this research was to propose a conceptual model explaining the factors that can predict Behavioural Intention and Actual Use of mobile phones (smartphones) by young Arab customers in Arab countries, namely Iraq, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, an analysis of the issues surrounding mobile phone adoption and use in these countries is provided. The analysis of the literature showed that the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) can provide a good overview of the factors that can affect mobile phone adoption and use. The analysis showed that there is a gap in the literature in terms of testing this theory in cross-national research in an Arabian context. Accordingly, the research proposed a new conceptual model based on an extension of this theory. The methodology was based on positivism and the ontological stance was objectivism based on the deductive approach to test the conceptual framework. A total of 1599 questionnaires were distributed in the three countries to users aged 18-29 years old using multistage cluster sampling. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares. The findings indicated that the proposed extended model fits well in the three countries. The factors Perceived Relative Advantage, Effort Expectancy, National IT Development, Habit, Price Value, Culture-Specific Beliefs and Values and Behavioural Intention were significant in all three countries. Technological Culturation was significant in Iraq only. Enjoyment was significant in Jordan and UAE only. Several challenges facing the efficient use of mobile phones were also identified. This research contributes to the existing literature by proposing a conceptual model for mobile phone adoption and use by extending the UTAUT2 in an Arabian context. It also provides information to policymakers and mobile companies in Iraq, Jordan and UAE to help them understand the needs of their customers.
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Rodrigues, dos Santos d'Amorim Fernanda. "Modularity analysis of use case implementations." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2409.
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Previous issue date: 2010Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Atualmente, arquitetura baseada em componentes é a abordagem mais utilizada no desenvolvimento de softwares complexos; esta tem como principal objetivo a atribuição dos requisitos da aplicação aos componentes. Uma das técnicas mais difundidas para especificação de requisitos é a utilização de Casos de Uso. Em geral, arquiteturas de software baseadas em componentes resultam em implementações onde o código relativo a um caso de uso está espalhado e entrelaçado em diversos componentes do sistema, caracterizando um crosscutting concern. Isto ocorre porque técnicas tradicionais, como Orientação a Objetos (OO), não oferecem mecanismos que sejam capazes de modularizar este tipo de concern. Recentemente, novas técnicas de modularização como aspectos, mixins e classes virtuais, foram propostas para tentar resolver este problema. Estas técnicas podem ser usadas para agrupar o código relacionado a um único caso de uso em uma nova unidade de modularização. Este trabalho analisa qualitativa e quantitativamente o impacto causado por este tipo de modularização de casos de uso. Nós exploramos duas técnicas baseadas em Orientação a Aspectos (OA): (i) Casos de Uso como Aspectos - onde utilizamos os construtores de AspectJ para isolar todo código relativo à implementação de um caso de uso em um aspecto; e (ii) Casos de Uso como Colaborações Plugáveis - onde usamos os construtores de CaesarJ para modularizar implementações de casos de uso através de uma composição hierárquica de colaborações. Nós executamos dois estudos de casos onde comparamos as implementações OA de casos de uso com sua implementação OO. No processo de avaliação extraímos métricas tradicionais e contemporâneas incluindo coesão, acoplamento e separação de concerns e analisamos modularidade em termos de atributos de qualidade de software como: plugabilidade, rastreabilidade e suporte para desenvolvimento em paralelo. Nossos resultados indicam que modularidade é um conceito relativo e sua análise depende de outros fatores além do sistema alvo, das métricas e da técnica aplicada
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Samarasinghe, Nayanamana. "Supporting instances in use cases." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27173.
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Requirements Engineering includes elicitation and analysis of system requirements. There are many techniques used for requirement elicitation. The use case approach is one such technique. This technique uses textual use cases written in a natural language for gathering requirements. Textual use cases are simple and easy to understand because they are written using free form text. But in order to automate requirements analysis, use cases need to be expressed using a restricted form of language according to a set of guidelines. An advantage of a restricted form of natural language is that it can be used to mechanically process use cases while still being understandable to end users.
A use case specifies interactions between a system and its environment. Sometimes interactions need to be expressed between instances. In the existing restricted natural language syntaxes there is usually no distinction between entities and instances of entities. Another issue is that use cases are expressed in term of domain elements. In most of the cases, a domain model is created and updated manually in an ad hoc manner.
One of the contributions of this thesis is a restricted natural language syntax for use cases, where instances are explicitly expressed. Another contribution is an approach to automate domain element extraction from use cases. Finally, we implemented our results as part of UCEd (Use Case Editor): a tool that supports use cases based requirements engineering.
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Tinmaz, Hasan. "Utilization Of Social Networking Websites In Education: A Case Of Facebook." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613139/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to seek fundamental uses and gratifications of a social networking website, Facebook as a case, and the possible advantages and the challenges of utilization of Facebook for instructional activities. The research study encompassed four main stepsthe analysis of uses &
gratifications of Facebook, the analysis of Facebook utilization possibilities for instruction, the interviewing for two preceding steps, and the realization and analysis of a course on Facebook. In the study both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews and open-ended questions. The qualitative data was analyzed according to qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that Facebook which is perceived as a usable tool has a potential utilization for instructional activities. As quite new context, the participants seemed concerned about participating any learning activity on Facebook. Most of the participants in all steps of the study emphasized that Facebook should be a supplementary material for instructional activities. It is concluded that individual differences and alternative methods must be studied for better integration of Facebook into education.
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Drott, Ingemar. "Ambiguities and Limited Expressiveness in the Use Case Notation." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-621.
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UML and use case modeling have the last few years received much attention. Use cases are used to describe the functional requirements of a system and a use case diagram shows the relationships among use cases and actors within a system. The semantics of use case diagrams are, however, often unclear. The aim of this dissertation is to point out ambiguities and limited expressiveness present in the current use case notation of UML and to indicate in which directions remedies to these deficiencies may be sought.
Problems reported by researchers were identified and presented to a set of use case practitioners. Then a proposal of possible improvements of the use case notation, which should reduce the ambiguities and increase the expressiveness in the notation, was developed. To place some measurements on the value the proposal can have in practice, it was also presented to a set of practitioners.
The proposal provides a suggestion of how to model various tricky situations in a use case diagram. Furthermore, the dissertation gives insight on how the use case technique is used in practice. Practitioners argue that the use case specifications are more important than the use case diagrams. They also argue that the purpose of use case diagrams is to describe a system's main functionalities and not details, and that as few use case relationships as possible should be used in use case diagrams.
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Nelson, Bonnie E. "One child's use of assistive technology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37322.
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This is a qualitative study of one student’s use of assistive technology in the public school system from preschool to fourth grade. The data collected for this case study include interviews, participant observation, field and diary notes, video tapes, and other documents including school records and a teacher memoir. Throughout the study, the goals were to stay open to and reflect emerging patterns rather than to fit data into previously determined categories. The report describes how Michael--with cerebral palsy that affects his speech and prevents his standing or holding a pencil--used computers, augmentative communication devices, and other electronic technology. On one level the report becomes the story of a student who moves from a separate special education facility into an elementary school where he is integrated fulltime into a fourth grade class. Discussion and conclusions explore (1) types of support he required, (2) barriers to technology use as well as problems of "abandonment" of technology acquired, (3) the effect of integration into general education on his use of technology, and (4) how providing assistive technology influences and changes teachers’ roles.Ed. D.
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Klaesson, Markus. "Cases are also used by companies, how, why?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33051.
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Swanke, Jayme Rae. "EMPLOYED VS UNEMPLOYED METHAMPHETAMINE USERS: SPECIFIC IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGERS." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/109.
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Substance abuse and dependence has been a problem in the United States for over 100 years (Whitebread, 1995). In the past two decades the abuse and dependence of methamphetamine has increased and the rates have remained steady (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004). Advances have been made in the development of treatments for substance abuse and dependence. Research has continued to show that treatment modalities enhanced by case management services are more effective in the treatment of substance abuse and dependence. There has also been progress made in the research regarding the therapeutic benefits of employment for persons with substance abuse and dependence. However, the research regarding methamphetamine abuse and dependence is lacking in regards to the effects of employment, and the case management needs of this population. The aim of this study is to expand research on methamphetamine abuse, dependence, and treatment. By using variables including measures of demographics, education, income, utilization of substance abuse treatment services, healthcare coverage, measures of mental health status, measures of physical health status, and measures of arrest record to predict employment status of persons who report methamphetamine use, implications were developed for treatment providers and case managers to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment. The present study utilized the 2006 and 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to determine if measures of demographics, education, income, utilization of substance abuse treatment services, healthcare coverage, measures of mental health status, measures of physical health status, and measures of arrest record have significant associations to employment status of persons who report methamphetamine use. A chi-square analysis was used to determine which variables have significant associations to employment status. In addition, this study sought to determine if these independent variables are significant predictors of employment status among methamphetamine users. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict employment. The results of the study showed that several of the independent variables had significant associations to employment status of persons who report methamphetamine use. However, the binary logistic regression analysis only resulted in one significant predictor. The results of this study were used to develop implications for case managers.
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Herfors, David. "The Time and Process used to write a Case Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32612.
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The time and process used to write a case study depends on several factors. There are different things to consider to save time and to make the process easier. First of all the author might need a certain skillset and experience. Second is to understand the importance of being prepared. It takes much time to write a case study and if the preparations are not taken in seriously consideration it may jeopardize the whole study. A deadline and timeline for the process is necessary to control the outcome. Normally the process involves a case study release form and a success letter where the last approval is made before the publication of the case study is done.
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Kashefi, Armin. "Investigating the link between users' IT adaptation behaviours and individual-level IT use outcomes using the coping model of user adaptation : a case study of a work system computerisation project." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9523.
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The benefits of new IT-induced organisational changes, such as new organisational information systems (IS), depend on the degree that system users adapt by proactively changing themselves, their work routines, and even the technology itself in order to reap its strategic capabilities and advantages. However, researchers are increasingly concerned that IS research has provided very little indication about how IS users’ IT adaptive strategies are formed and evolved over time and how such adaptive behaviours employed by IS users influence subsequent IT use and individual-level performance outcomes. This thesis investigates in-depth the evolution of IT adaptation behaviours towards disruptive IT events in the case study of a Medical Clinic attached to one of Iran’s elite Oil and Gas industry companies. The case study investigated the individual coping behaviours of the employees of this Medical Centre as a consequence of the introduction of a mandatory Work System Computerisation (WSC) initiative. Work System Computerisation project refers to both the replacement of manual work processes with computers as well as modernisation of the existing out-dated computerised work systems in the medical centre under investigation. According to the case study, each of the seven sub-units of the Medical Centre implemented a different WSC scheme and the consequences of the introduction of the scheme resulted in differing outcomes among the employees of those sub-units, such outcomes being related to a complex interplay of the individuals’ coping behaviours, appraisals and emotional responses and the environment. The term ‘Disruptive IT event’ in this study refers to any enhanced or completely new information technology in different units within the medical centre (i.e. Work System Computerisation schemes) that replaced and disrupted existing work processes/practices and had resulted in disruptive and unpredictable changes to users’ daily routines. The theoretical lens used in this study is the Coping Model of User Adaptation (CMUA) elaborated by Coping Theory, which also underpins the model. CMUA provides a useful theoretical basis for deeper understanding of users’ adaptive responses to a new work information system (IS) as well as direct analysis of the impact of such adaptive responses on system usage. The other theoretical concept used, which addresses issues not readily covered by the CMUA, was a typology of adaptive behaviours from Roth and Cohen (1986): avoidance vs. approach. This allows for further clarification of how different types of individual-level adaptation acts evolve over time and affect individual-level IT use outcomes. Furthermore, how these various adaptive acts enhance or hinder the extent to which the new IT is used can also be explained. The research questions guiding this thesis are as follows: (1) How do IS users’ adaptation tactics and strategies evolve over time when dealing with a disruptive IT event? (2) How do alterations in users’ coping strategies subsequently influence their IT use outcomes and overall performance? The study’s methodological approaches and underlying philosophical assumptions followed an interpretive research approach. A broadly interpretive approach was adopted in this study with the aim of understanding the complexity of human sense making and their IT adaptation behaviours as the situation emerges. The research was carried out in one state of Iran, Mashhad, and took place during the period of 2011-2012. The findings of this thesis have both theoretical and managerial implications. From a theoretical perspective, this study expands on the work of Beaudry and Pinsonneault (2005) who suggested that the process of user adaptation could be understood in light of coping theory. The results of this study and the additional identified perspectives and enhancements which are represented in the following ways could help to advance the field of user IT adaptation behaviours in IS research. This study contributes to the existing IT adaptation literature by providing rich insights into the phenomenon of user IT adaptation behaviours within the context of Iran. Adopting an interpretive approach through a longitudinal process-oriented perspective has provided a greater understanding of the patterns of user adaptation to IS, users’ psychological constructs, initial patterns of their coping strategies, the alterations in such coping efforts over time, and the consequences of these evolutions on IT use outcomes in different divisions within a healthcare environment. The appraisal of ‘challenge’ is an influential contributor to the users’ subsequent adaptation process that CMUA is mute about it. The findings indicate that since the challenge appraisal represents a ‘positive stress’, some levels of challenge are useful to mobilise IS users towards IT adoption and use. The correlated concerns identified in the research (i.e. a web of complex personal, social and technical concerns) play a vital role on users’ adaptation processes following the IT implementation and over time. This highlights the importance of feedback loop in the adaptation process (which represents users’ revaluation process), and how the direct and indirect impacts of such interventions affect users’ reassessments of the IT event and their subsequent efforts and outcomes. The concept of emotion that is missing from CMUA is influential especially where non-IT savvy users’ behaviours toward significant IT events may be influenced by extreme emotions. Outcomes of this study highlight the theoretical importance of preserving the distinction between approach-, and avoidance-oriented emotion-focused behaviours in exploring how emotion-focused behaviours may influence behavioural outcomes such as system usage. The consideration of parallel processes for users’ IS appraisal is another area of theoretical expansion. The findings also suggest implications for practice as well as directions for future research. Understanding how employees’ IS appraisals considerably affect coping efforts and ultimately their technology performance outcome is critical for successful IT implementations and use in work settings. The results could assist decision makers in assessing user adaptation concerns and the intensity of such apprehensions at each phase of the change process and hence address them more effectively.
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Li, Jinkui. "On semi-automatic translation of use cases." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0032/MQ62240.pdf.
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Chun, Ka-wai Cecilia, and 秦家慧. "The questioning strategies used by teachers in Hong Kong Anglo-Chinesesecondary schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626391.
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Nascimento, Elizamary de Souza, and 92-99358-9643. "Um modelo sobre as dificuldades para modelar casos de uso." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5829.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Use Cases (UCs) have become an important artifact for the specification of software requirements. However, there are several difficulties that prevent students and software engineers from specifying UCs correctly. In order to explore and understand the difficulties in modeling diagram and specify UCs, we carried out four empirical studies with 195 participants. We present in this thesis a model about the difficulties in the modeling of UCs found in the studies carried out. The model presents the difficulties in diagram and specification UC that were classified into categories. First, we present the categories related to the diagram (D), which identify: (D-I) the actors of the system, (D-II) the use cases of the system, (D-III) generalization relationship, (D-IV) included and extend relationship; and categories related to the use-case specification (E): (E-I) abstraction of requirements, (E-II) flows of UC, (E-III) business rules, (E-IV) References of flows and business rules, (E-V) Pre- and Post-condition and (E-VI) dependence of other UCs. This on research is based on an evidence-based methodology, we executed procedures of the Grounded Theory (GT) method to analyze the data; and we use the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to evaluate the constructed model. The model was evaluated and it showed that the presented difficulties occur with more than 50% of the participants. We used EFA to identify possible factors with correlated difficulties. The EFA did not show that some of the difficulties grouped in the categories defined for the model are correlated. Through the obtained results from the empirical studies, the current version of the model can be considered valid to represent the perception of the participants about the difficulties occurred in diagram and specification of UC. In addition, the model serves as a basis for future research in the field, as well as support for the suggestion of practices to improve the teaching / learning process of students in modeling UC.
Casos de Uso (Use Cases – UCs) tornaram-se um importante artefato para a especificação dos requisitos de software. No entanto, há várias dificuldades que impedem estudantes e engenheiros de software de especificarem UCs de forma correta. Com o objetivo de explorar e entender as dificuldades em modelar diagrama e especificar UCs, foram realizados quatro estudos experimentais com 195 participantes. Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo sobre as dificuldades na modelagem de UCs encontradas nos estudos realizados. O modelo apresenta as dificuldades relacionadas a modelagem do diagrama e especificação de UC. Estas dificuldades foram classificadas em categorias. Primeiramente, serão apresentadas as categorias relacionadas ao diagrama (D): (D-I) Identificar os atores do sistema, (D-II) Identificar os casos de uso do sistema, (D-III) Relacionamento de generalização e (D-IV) Relacionamentos extend e include. Por fim, as categorias relacionadas a especificação (E): (E-I) Abstração dos requisitos, (E-II) Fluxos do UC, (E-III) Regras de negócio, (E-IV) Referências de fluxos e Regras de negócio, (E-V) Pré e Pós-condição e (E-VI) Dependência de outros UCs. Esta pesquisa fundamentou-se em uma metodologia baseada em evidências, a análise dos dados foi conduzida utilizando procedimentos do método Grounded Theory (GT) e para a avaliação do modelo elaborado utilizou-se a Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE). O modelo foi avaliado e mostrou que as dificuldades apresentadas ocorrem com mais de 50% dos participantes. Utilizou-se a AFE para identificar possíveis fatores com dificuldades correlacionadas. A AFE mostrou a correlação entre certas dificuldades agrupadas nas categorias definidas para o modelo. Através dos resultados obtidos dos estudos experimentais, a versão atual do modelo pode ser considerada válida para representar a percepção dos participantes sobre as dificuldades ocorridas em diagrama e especificação de UC. Além disso, o modelo serve como base para futuras pesquisas na área, bem como no apoio à sugestão de práticas para melhorar o processo de ensino/aprendizagem dos alunos em modelagem de UC.
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Abrahamsson, Hanna, and Linn Karlsson. "Case Study: Digitization of a User Interface : Investigating the use of a touch screen in Helicopter 14." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276838.
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A user interface should be intuitive to allow efficient and safe execution of tasks. Helicopter 14 (HKP 14) has operator consoles with an analog user interface, called Programmable Keys (PK), to control a Mission Management System (MMS). The idea of replacing the PK with touch technology has arisen. To understand operators’ working environment, this case study was conducted with inspiration from ethnography. The PK have been studied by reading system manuals and familiarizing with the MMS in Saab’s test rigs and in HKP 14. This study aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges with implementing a touch screen to replace the current PK. Interviews have been conducted with operators and one technician working with HKP 14. To highlight additional perspectives on usage of touch technology, interviews with employees at FMV and Saab were carried out. This study found both benefits and drawbacks with implementing a touch screen in the helicopter. The most common concern was that touch screens lack tactile feedback. This study exemplifies how physical support can be achieved on a touch screen and how a Graphical User Interface (GUI) can be designed with regards to this.Se filen
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Simpson, Jessica. "Exploring Ceramic Vessel Use at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico, Through Use-Alteration Analyses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6955.
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The Casas Grandes Valley is located in the northwestern corner of the modern state of Chihuahua, Mexico. This area falls into the greater Northwest/Southwest cultural region. Research conducted on Casas Grandes ceramics up to this point has focused on form and design in connection with burials, authority, sociopolitical organization, ceremony and ritual, communication, and identifying cultural boundaries and influences. Very little has been said about some of the everyday uses of Casas Grandes ceramics. My thesis explores the evidences of use on ceramic vessels in the Casas Grandes region during the Medio period (AD 1200-1450). I conducted a use-alteration analysis on the interiors and exteriors of 300 vessels. The purpose of this study was to examine the question: how were the vessels used by the people of Casas Grandes? These analyses suggest that the vessels were typically used for separate but not altogether distinct use activities. All vessels had some evidences of wear, regardless of vessel form, size, or decoration. The general use patterns followed some intended functional categories, with enough variety to suggest vessels were also used according to individual needs.
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Kaizer, Cindy. "Strategy, use of cognitive strength, and flexibility in mathematically competent students." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64028.
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Barnes, Deborah M. (Deborah Manning). "Information Use Environment of Self-managed Teams : A Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277880/.
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This research investigated how self-managed teams get the information they need to perform their job tasks. Two important factors prompted this study: the growing importance of self-managed teams in the workplace and the impact of the information system on team performance.
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CARVALHO, Márcia Cristina Ferro. "UM MÉTODO PARA ELICITAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DE REQUISITOS BASEADO EM OBJETIVOS." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2002. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/307.
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Previous issue date: 2002-03-27This work proposes an integration of the approach CREWS L ecritoire based on scenarios with the approach of use cases described by Regnell & al and the Method GBRAM. In this case, the work of Regnell is extended with the notion of Requirement Chunk (RC), strategies for discovering objectives through the relationships AND, OR, and refinement between RCs, as well as extending the model with a physical level where the internal actions of the system are described. On the other side, the approach CREWS L ecritoire is extended with coupling of objective and use case where the scenarios are obtained by applying a strategy of refining use cases, and also with an integration of normal and exceptional scenarios in one synthetic model of use with one unique vision for each actor. The Method GBRAM is extended with the alternative contract dependency, composicional contract dependency, inclusive and exclusive contract dependency, as well it introduzed the use case technique, described by Regnell et al and extended with the notion of scenarios for caracterize exceptionals, variationals and normal situations. With the integration of threes methods, the new method which benefit from the advantages of the approaches of CREWS-L ecritoire, use cases.and goals. The new method proposes a coupling between objective and Use Cases in a top-down decomposition of different levels of abstraction. The method combines the two concepts into a Requirement Chunk (RC). An RC is a pair of
This work proposes an integration of the approach CREWS L ecritoire based on scenarios with the approach of use cases described by Regnell & al and the Method GBRAM. In this case, the work of Regnell is extended with the notion of Requirement Chunk (RC), strategies for discovering objectives through the relationships AND, OR, and refinement between RCs, as well as extending the model with a physical level where the internal actions of the system are described. On the other side, the approach CREWS L ecritoire is extended with coupling of objective and use case where the scenarios are obtained by applying a strategy of refining use cases, and also with an integration of normal and exceptional scenarios in one synthetic model of use with one unique vision for each actor. The Method GBRAM is extended with the alternative contract dependency, composicional contract dependency, inclusive and exclusive contract dependency, as well it introduzed the use case technique, described by Regnell et al and extended with the notion of scenarios for caracterize exceptionals, variationals and normal situations. With the integration of threes methods, the new method which benefit from the advantages of the approaches of CREWS-L ecritoire, use cases.and goals. The new method proposes a coupling between objective and Use Cases in a top-down decomposition of different levels of abstraction. The method combines the two concepts into a Requirement Chunk (RC). An RC is a pair of
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Trombini, Marco. "Blockchain: hype or disruptor? Analisi e use cases." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi di laurea è quello di fornire una panoramica sulla tecnologia blockchain affrontando tramite analisi della letteratura come viene definita, la tassonomia e le principali proprietà. Partendo da queste si affrontano quali sono oggigiorno gli ambiti di applicabilità della blockchain avvalendosi del supporto dei più recenti report e pubblicazioni da parte di enti di ricerca ed osservatori, per poi analizzare in chiave critica quelli che potrebbero essere gli sviluppi futuri della stessa. Viene brevemente trattato un metodo di indagine iterativo ritenuto adeguato per lo sviluppo di uno studio di applicabilità che purtroppo non è stato condotto ed è un punto aperto per una possibile futura collaborazione tra Accenture S.p.A. ed Università di Bologna. Infine nell’ultimo capitolo vengono presentati alcuni casi di utilizzo della blockchain, per lo più progetti pilota, tra cui quello a cui sto lavorando in ambito tracciabilità dei trasporti: come la blockchain abilita l’utilizzo su vasta scala di sensori connessi per la tracciabilità estesa del prodotto durante la filiera distributiva.
Essendo una tecnologia in via di sviluppo il miglior modo per approcciare e sviluppare possibili applicazioni profittevoli è quello di sviluppare delle proof of concept, successivamente tradurle in demo per poi avviare progetti pilota. A riguardo grazie al supporto ricevuto in Accenture abbiamo avviato la concezione e lo sviluppo di una demo focalizzata su come la blockchain possa abilitare una nuova serie di servizi sul tema della logistica distributiva, portando l’integrazione con la sensoristica connessa, il cosiddetto internet of thing, ad un livello superiore rispetto allo stato attuale in termini di sicurezza, agilità delle transazioni e riduzione dei costi.
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Kanyaru, J. M. "Requirement validation with enactable descriptions of use cases." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2006. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10530/.
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The validation of stakeholder requirements for a software system is a pivotal activity for any nontrivial software development project. Often, differences in knowledge regarding development issues, and knowledge regarding the problem domain, impede the elaboration of requirements amongst developers and stakeholders. A description technique that provides a user perspective of the system behaviour is likely to enhance shared understanding between the developers and stakeholders. The Unified Modelling Language (UML) use case is such a notation. Use cases describe the behaviour of a system (using natural language) in terms of interactions between the external users and the system. Since the standardisation of the UML by the Object Management Group in 1997, much research has been devoted to use cases. Some researchers have focussed on the provision of writing guidelines for use case specifications whereas others have focussed on the application of formal techniques. This thesis investigates the adequacy of the use case description for the specification and validation of software behaviour. In particular, the thesis argues that whereas the user-system interaction scheme underpins the essence of the use case notation, the UML specification of the use case does not provide a mechanism by which use cases can describe dependencies amongst constituent interaction steps. Clarifying these issues is crucial for validating the adequacy of the specification against stakeholder expectations. This thesis proposes a state-based approach (the Educator approach) to use case specification where constituent events are augmented with pre and post states to express both intra-use case and inter-use case dependencies. Use case events are enacted to visualise implied behaviour, thereby enhancing shared understanding among users and developers. Moreover, enaction provides an early "feel" of the behaviour that would result from the implementation of the specification. The Educator approach and the enaction of descriptions are supported by a prototype environment, the EducatorTool, developed to demonstrate the efficacy and novelty of the approach. To validate the work presented in this thesis an industrial study, involving the specification of realtime control software, is reported. The study involves the analysis of use case specifications of the subsystems prior to the application of the proposed approach, and the analysis of the specification where the approach and tool support are applied. This way, it is possible to determine the efficacy of the Educator approach within an industrial setting.
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Kågesson, Filip, and Simon Cederbom. "Resource Optimization of MPSoC for Industrial Use-cases." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39729.
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Today’s embedded systems require more and more performance but they are still required to meet power constraints. Single processor systems can deliver high performance but this leads to high power consumption. One solution to this problem is to use a multiprocessor system instead which is able to provide high performance and at the same time meet the power constraints. The reason that such a system can meet the power constraints is that it can have a lower clock frequency than a similar single processor system. The focus of the project is to explore possibilities when developing new multiprocessor systems. The project makes a comparison of asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) systems and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems in terms of task management and communication between the processors. A comparison is made between the Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) interface and the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI). The fixed priority and round-robin arbitration algorithms is also compared. The project also contains a practical part where a demo is developed to show that an inter-processor communication using exclusive access is possible to implement. The theoretical part of the project containing the comparisons result in good comparisons that can be used to get an overview of what to use when developing new Multiprocessor System on Chip (MPSoC) designs. The demo developed in this project failed to meet the requirement of having a fully functional spinlock. This problem can be solved in the future if new hardware is developed.Dagens inbyggda system kräver mer och mer prestanda men de måste fortfarande klara av kraven kring strömförbrukning. System med en processor kan leverera hög prestanda men detta leder till hög strömförbrukning. En lösning till detta problem är att använda ett multiprocessorsystem istället som klarar av att leverera hög prestanda och samtidigt klara av kraven kring strömförbrukning. Anledningen till att denna typ av system klarar av kraven kring strömförbrukning är att de kan använda en lägre klockfrekvens än ett system med en processor. Fokuset på detta projektet ligger på att utforska möjligheterna som finns när nya multiprocessorsystem ska utvecklas. Projektet gör en jämförelse mellan asymmetriska och symmetriska multiprocessorsystem i termer av uppgiftshantering och kommunikation mellan processorerna. En jämförelse har gjorts mellan Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) gränssnittet och Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) gränssnittet. Fixed priority och round-robin algoritmerna för hantering av krockar mellan processorerna har också jämförts. Det finns även en praktisk del i projektet där en demo har utvecklats för att visa en fungerande kommunikation mellan processorer som använder funktionaliteten för exklusiv åtkomst till den gemensamma bussen. Den teoretiska delen av projektet som innehåller jämförelserna resulterar i bra jämförelser som kan användas när nya multiprocessorsystem utvecklas. Demon som har utvecklats i detta projekt misslyckades med att klara av kravet kring att ha ett fullt fungerande lås. Detta problemet kan lösas i framtiden ifall ny hårdvara utvecklas.
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Dourado, Raphael Augusto de Sousa. "Monitoring use cases in the FIBRE-BR testbed." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11972.
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Many researchers believe that the Internet is “ossified”, that is, its design is preventing
the network to evolve in aspects such as security, mobility, and content distribution. However,
it is difficult to test new ideas in a production environment like the Internet due to its stability
requirements. As an alternative, part of the network research community is focused on building
large-scale infrastructures called testbeds, where they can build their “own” network and test
their ideas in a more realistic environment, similar to the Internet itself. This work discusses the
challenges of a key function in a testbed: monitoring. To do this, we reviewed the state-of-the-art
in monitoring systems for testbeds and then identified, described, and implemented a set of
monitoring use cases in the FIBRE testbed. By implementing these use cases, we validate our
proposals and lay a framework reusable in other similar environments.Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T17:26:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Raphael Augusto de Sousa Dourado.pdf: 6341527 bytes, checksum: c6ee052e4d2ce1085459d2bca175af0e (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T17:36:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Raphael Augusto de Sousa Dourado.pdf: 6341527 bytes, checksum: c6ee052e4d2ce1085459d2bca175af0e (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-24
Muitos pesquisadores acreditam que a Internet está “ossificada”, ou seja, sua própria estrutura a impede de evoluir em aspectos como segurança, mobilidade e distribuição de conteúdo. No entanto, há uma dificuldade em testar novas ideias em ambiente de produção como a Internet devido aos requisitos de estabilidade dos mesmos. Este impasse levou parte da comunidade de pesquisa em Redes de Computadores a construir infraestruturas em larga escala chamadas testbeds, onde pesquisadores podem montar sua “própria” rede privada e então testar suas ideias em um ambiente similar à Internet. Este trabalho discute os desafios de uma das principais tarefas de um testbed: monitoração. Para tal, foi realizado um levantamento do estado da arte em sistemas de monitoração para testbeds e, a partir deste estudo, foi identificado, descrito e implementado um conjunto de casos de uso de monitoração no contexto do testbed FIBRE. A implementação destes casos de uso validou as propostas deste trabalho, as quais podem também ser aplicadas a outros ambientes similares.
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Poth, Cheryl-Anne N. "Promoting evaluation use within dyamic organizations: a case study examining evaluator behaviour." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1116.
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Petersen, Kai. "How Do Use Cases Make Inspections More Efficient and Effective? : Further Experimentation with Usage-Based Software Inspection." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3572.
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Software Inspection is an effective and efficient method aiming at discovering faults within software artifacts early in the development lifecycle. The success of software inspections is highly dependent on reading techniques that guide the reviewer through the individual inspection. In other words, reading techniques help the reviewer during the inspection process. In this thesis a quite new reading technique, namely usage-based reading, is further evaluated. A reviewer who applies usage-based reading is guided by a set of prioritized use-cases. Hereby the use-cases are ranked according to their importance from the point of view of the user. Thus, the reviewers inspection effort is focused on the parts of the document that concern the most important functionality from the user’s perspective. The particular goal of this study is to figure out whether time-budgets assigned to each use-cases lead to improvements in inspection performance expressed in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and fault content. This concept is called time-controlled reading. The time-budget determines that a particular use-case must not be inspected longer than a certain number of minutes. Initially the assumption was made that time-budgets lead to performance improvements because the reading process can be better planned in forehand, that means most time is spent on the most important use-cases and all use-cases are utilized within the given inspection time. However, the result of this study contradicts that assumption. I found that both techniques are equally efficient and effective and that they find the same fault content. The reason for this is that the techniques are still quite similar and that the timebudgets assigned to the use-cases did not allow the subjects to thoroughly investigate the use-cases because they struggled with the unknown application domain. This is at least the case for lower ranked use-cases with smaller time-frames. As a consequence of this, one can claim that the results might have pointed in favor for time-controlled reading when people familiar with the application domain would have done the same experiment.kai-petersen@gmx.de
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JUNIOR, FERNANDO ALBERTO CORREIA DOS SANTOS. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF EXAMPLES OF USE FROM THE TEXTUAL DESCRIPTION OF USE CASES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30736@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta dissertação apresenta uma solução que permite a geração automática de exemplos de uso a partir da descrição textual de casos de uso. Os casos de uso descrevem especificações em um nível de formalização suficiente para a geração dos exemplos. Um exemplo gerado é um texto em linguagem natural que é o resultado da paráfrase de um possível comportamento do software, extraído de um caso de uso e aplicado a um contexto real, em que atores são convertidos em personagens fictícios e os atributos são valorados de acordo com as regras de negócios especificadas no caso de uso. O formato proposto para a construção de exemplos tem como objetivo permitir que clientes possam ler, entender e julgar se o comportamento que está sendo proposto é o desejado. Com isso é esperado que o próprio cliente possa validar as especificações e que, quando defeitos forem encontrados, a especificação possa logo ser corrigida e refletida de volta nos exemplos. Ao mesmo tempo a especificação formalizada na forma de um caso de uso auxiliará desenvolvedores a criar soluções mais próximas do correto por construção, quando comparado com especificações textuais convencionais.
This master s dissertation presents a solution for the automatic generation of examples of use from the textual description of use cases. Use cases describe specifications in a sufficiently formal way that is enough to automatically generate usage examples. A generated example is a text in a natural language which is the paraphrase of one possible manner to use the software, extracted from the use case and applied to a real context where actors are converted into fictitious personas and attributes are valued according to the business rules specified in the use case. The proposed format to present the example aims to allow clients to read, to understand and to judge whether the expressed behavior is in fact what he wants. With this approach, it is expected that the customer himself can approve the specifications and when defects are found, so the specification can quickly be corrected and reflected in the examples. At the same time, the formalized specification in the form of a use case will help developers create solutions that are by construction closer to the correct one when compared to conventional textual specifications.
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Chan, Chung-yun, and 陳宗恩. "Planning for incompatible land uses: a case study of Laguna City." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257860.
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Chan, Chung-yun. "Planning for incompatible land uses : a case study of Laguna City /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1335792X.
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Meyer, Gretchen A. "Enriching uses and gratifications theory a case study of NFL news /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1729940471&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mechael, Patricia N. "Exploring health-related uses of mobile phones : an Egyptian case study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683942.
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Gonzalez, Cesar O. "The use of bamboo in architecture : case study : Old Caldas, Colombia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0029/MQ64113.pdf.
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Nicolay, William L. "The Use of Efficient Information Systems for Information Acquisition by the Hearing Impaired: A Case Study." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1128.
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This paper presents an exploratory case study focusing on the acquisition of information, through technologically efficient systems, by the hearing impaired. The multiple-case study was conducted during one school year with seven students participating.
While a central question and propositions derived from that question guide the data collection and analysis, this is a hypothesis-building study. The purpose of the study was to generate questions to focus further research of a descriptive or explanatory format.
One question, and the propositions generated by it, dominated this research: How do efficient acquisition systems in the classroom effect academic and social behavior, independent activities, or student, peer, and adult expectations?
Three propositions directed the data collection/analysis of this research. As knowledge increases in students: (1) the rate of academic production will increase; (2) times of independent activities will be focused on productive projects; (3) self-concept will improve as measured by students, peers and adults.
Six sources (documents, physical artifacts, archival records, interviews, direct observations, participant observation) were used to gather data for the analysis of the research project.
The results of this study showed that the students who had only the disability of hearing impairment had significantly different experiences throughout this study than those who evidenced intellectual impairments. Generally, their work output was greater, increased more, and reflected a qualitative change. The data gathered from the unstructured activity periods also clearly show a dissimilar experience.
The hearing impaired students "grew" into increasingly more productive behaviors while the other group showed, for all practical purposes, no change at all.
The analysis of the third proposition was more problematical. The findings are not as clear as the first two propositions because the reporting and recording of data was subject to more interpretation. The indicators may support the proposition that increased learning has a positive effect on self-image.
The results from this study have implications for current educational practices for hearing impaired: (1) Computer and video technology need a directedness not now evident. (2) Placement decisions should be based on expectations and achievements of the various populations served. (3) More sophisticated technology should be placed at the disposal of the classroom teacher.
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Fang, Yuting. "A Case Study on How Chinese Students Use Their Cell Phones in Sweden Compared to That in China." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2271.
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This study focuses on cell phone usage. By comparing how a group of students use their cell phones in Sweden with that in China, alterant cell phone usage behaviors will be concluded. The study includes a case study. In order to do the research, the author selects a specific group and holds interviews. Three theories are used in this thesis which are: 1) mobile context, 2) switching behavior of mobile users and 3) transaction utility and reference situation. After introducing these three theories, the author concludes six theoretical factors which are combined into one competent framework. Base on the new framework, the author analyzes the result from the case study. After presenting the interview and the results, the author finds that Chinese students use their cell phones less frequent in Sweden compared to that in China. In order to find out the reasons, the author creates goal, emotion, fee, location and habit as the five matching factors which result in those changes. The matching factors are the bridge between the theories and the case study. After generalizing how those factors affect people while using cell phones, future work is to raise up some thoughts of how cell phones will be like in the future which is relevant to how to adapt information technology to human lives.
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Chan, Chun-ying, and 陳俊英. "A case study of hoe technology is used to create service value." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266332.
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Cox, Karl. "Heuristics for use case descriptions." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2002. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/301/.
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Use cases, as part of the Unified Modelling Language, have become an industry standard. The major focus has been on the use case diagram. It is only recently that any detailed attention has been paid to the use case description. The description should be written in such a way as to make it communicable to its reader. However, this does not always appear to be the case. This thesis presents the 7 C's of Communicability as quality features of use case descriptions that make them more comprehensible. The 7 C's are derived from software engineering best practice on use case descriptions and from theories of text comprehension. To help in writing descriptions, the CP Use Case Writing Rules are proposed, a small set of guidelines derived from the 7 C's. Going beyond requirements, software engineers often employ use case descriptions to help them build initial design models of the proposed system. Despite Jacobson's claim that "objects naturally fall out of use cases", fording design-oriented classes and objects in use case descriptions is shown not to be straightforward. This thesis proposes a Question Set which allows the engineer to interrogate the description for important elements of specification and design. Experimentation shows that the CP Writing Rules furnish descriptions that are as comprehensible as those written by other guidelines proposed in the literature. It is also suggested that descriptions be written from the perspective of their intended audience. The limitations of conducting requirements engineering experiments using students are considered and it is suggested that experimenters should not expect large effects from the results. An industrial case study shows that although the CP Rules could not be applied to all events in the use case descriptions, they were applied to most and at varying levels of abstraction. The case study showed that the 7 C's did identify problems with the written descriptions. The Question Set was well received by the case study stakeholders, but it was considered time consuming. One of the overriding findings from the case study was that project time constraints would not allow the company to use the techniques suggested, although they recognised the need to do so. Automation would make industrial application of the CP Rules and 7 C's more feasible.
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Ibarra, Gustavo Bestetti. "Full use case size (FUCS)." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96024.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T08:06:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 298725.pdf: 1338108 bytes, checksum: af0e2d95acf110f6bac1e4024d02480d (MD5)
Este trabalho propõe um novo método para medir e estimar software com base no tamanho de cada caso de uso chamado FUCS (Full Use Case Size). O principal objetivo do método é definir uma forma mais objetiva para medição e estimativa de software que seja baseado em casos de uso, e que possibilite sua aplicação em processos licitatórios e de contratação e terceirização de serviços de desenvolvimento de software em empresas públicas. O método proposto utiliza atributos técnicos que podem ser medidos a partir de uma breve descrição de casos de uso e requisitos de sistema relacionados. O tamanho de cada caso de uso (UCs - Use Case Size) do sistema é derivado de três atributos técnicos: a quantidade de pontos por caso de uso (UCrp - Use Case Type Points), o número de operações de sistema e regras de negócio (Number of System Operations and Business Rules) e o número de requisitos de interface gráfica do usuário (Number of Graphical User Interface Requirement). O tamanho total do sistema (Ssize) é dado pela soma dos tamanhos de casos de uso (UCs).