Academic literature on the topic 'Ústava USA'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ústava USA"
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Ženíšek, Jaroslav. "Čtrnáctý dodatek Ústavy USA a jeho výklad z pohledu hlavních interpretačních metod." AUC IURIDICA 67, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2021.1.
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Mareš, Jiří. "Školní psycholog jako výzkumník: zamyšlení nad možnostmi." Pedagogická orientace 26, no. 1 (April 2, 2016): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pedor2016-1-5.
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Přehledová studie v první části konstatuje, že školní psychologové na celém světě mají v náplni práce nejen poskytovat psychologické služby žákům, učitelům a rodičům, ale také se aktivně zapojovat do výzkumu. Druhá část předkládá novou typologii školních psychologů: (1) ti, co působí na vysokých školách; (2) ti, co současně působí jak na vysoké škole, tak v terénu; (3) ti, co se připravují na dráhu školního psychologa jak na vysoké škole, tak v terénu; (4) ti, co působí jen v terénu. Třetí část studie upozorňuje, že zrušením rezortního ústavu, který se zabýval školním poradenstvím, se zredukovala výzkumná základna školní psychologie. Izolované snahy učitelů na katedrách psychologie českých vysokých škol nemohou tento deficit nahradit. Čtvrtá část se věnuje zájemcům, kteří se teprve připravují na profesi školního psychologa. Jejich pregraduální nebo postgraduální příprava končí mj. obhajobou kvalifikační práce. Studie porovnává témata obhájených kvalifikačních prací v ČR s tématy v USA a upozorňuje na témata, která jsou u nás opomíjena. Pátá část si všímá školních psychologů, kteří již působí na základních a středních školách. S oporou o koncepci S. Štecha uvádí čtyři základní typy výzkumných činností, které mohou školní psychologové ve škole realizovat. Závěr studie zní: školní psychologie u nás vstupuje do nové vývojové etapy, v níž je třeba posílit roli školního psychologa jako badatele školy. Bude to výhodné jak pro obor samotný, tak pro české školství.
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Havíř, Josef. "NOVÝ SEVEROKOREJSKÝ JADERNÝ TEST A ROLE STANICE VRAC V RÁMCI MEZINÁRODNÍHO MONITOROVACÍHO SYSTÉMU CTBTO." Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku 23, no. 1-2 (December 20, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/gvms2016-1-2-97.
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Seismický signál související s jaderným testem provedeným na severokorejském jaderném polygonu dne 6. 1. 2016 byl zaregistrován četnými seismologickými stanicemi po celém světě. Kvalitní seismický záznam byl pořízen také stanicí VRAC provozovanou Ústavem fyziky Země (IPE), která je součástí Mezinárodního monitorovacího systému CTBTO. Hlavním úkolem činnosti Mezinárodního monitorovacího systému je verifikace dodržování Smlouvy o všeobecném zákazu jaderných zkoušek. Seismická síť zmíněného monitorovacího systému má sestávat ze 170 stanic. Data jsou přenášena do Mezinárodního datového centra (IDC) ve Vídni, kde jsou společně zpracovávána. Za provoz stanic jsou odpovědna tzv. Národní datová centra (NDC). České NDC odpovědné za provoz stanice VRAC bylo zřízeno na Ústavu fyziky Země v Brně. Jeho úkolem je nejen zajištění bezporuchového provozu stanice VRAC, ale také informování Státního úřadu pro jadernou bezpečnost (SÚJB) o významných skutečnostech souvisejících s monitorováním prováděným v rámci CTBTO. Proto bylo zpracování seismických záznamů severokorejského testu provedeno nezávisle také v NDC v Brně. Výsledky zpracování seismických dat ukazují, že epicentrum nově provedeného severokorejského jaderného testu je situováno v těsné blízkosti epicenter předchozích jaderných explozí uskutečněných na území Severní Koreje v letech 2006, 2009 a 2013 na jaderném polygonu Punggye-ri. Hodnoty magnituda mb počítaného z objemových vln (uváděné hodnoty magnituda mb se pohybují od 4,8 podle IDC CTBTO po 5,1 podle seismologické služby USA) ukazují, že exploze z roku 2016 byla pravděpodobně o něco slabší než předešlá jaderná exploze z roku 2013.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ústava USA"
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Havlíček, Jan. "Srovnání konceptu fiskálního federalismu ve Švýcarsku, USA a EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191771.
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In this thesis I investigate the application of various instruments of fiscal federalism in the Swiss Confederation, the United States of America and the European Union. Based on the knowledge of the theory and the works of authors dealing with this topic in stated regions I conclude that while the USA and Switzerland are quite similar in their competitive approach to fiscal federalism, the fiscal federalism mindset in the EU is entirely opposite to that of theirs. That is partly given by the fact that the EU is not a true federation with a strong central government but a union of sovereign states. But the fact that the responsibility in the USA and Switzerland lies upon the deciding policy makers and that they are at the same time constrained by certain fiscal rules whereas the standard in the EU is the socialization of losses and the fiscal rules are only being implemented now is in my opinion a more significant factor.
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Jandus, Michal. "Ústřední orgány USA podle ústav z let 1781 a 1787 a jejich pravomoc." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447195.
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Central US bodies under the constitutions between 1781 and 1787 and their competences Abstract The subject of this thesis is the central bodies of the United States of America and their competences. In the context of this work the central bodies are the President of the United States as the head of the executive branch, bicameral Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, as the major body of the legislative branch and the Supreme Court as the major body of the judicial branch. The aim of this work was to analyze how these bodies function and their position within the constitutional system of the United States, both horizontally and vertically. The first part of the thesis deals with the circumstances of the establishment of the United States of America, the adoption of the Declaration of Independence and the end of the American War of Independence. The second part deals with the Articles of Confederation, the first US Constitution, and the process of their creation, the bodies that were created on their basis and their competences. The third part deals with the reasons for the creation and process of adoption of the US Constitution, the problems that accompanied its creation, the legal principles on the basis of which it was created and the content of the Bill of Rights. The...
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Krauzová, Tereza. "Vztah státu a církví v USA." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-286937.
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The relationship between the state and religious communities in the USA Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the relevant aspects of the relationship between the state and religious communities in the United States of America. The focus of the thesis lies in the introduction of the development of interpretation of both religious clauses of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution by the Supreme Court, especially in the 20th century. This thesis aims to show, how both religious clauses, even though they were created to serve the same purpose, are in some cases interpreted in a contradicting way. The thesis also elaborates on religious freedom in the sensitive environment of armed forces, as the soldiers depend totally on services provided to them by the government. In the final part, the thesis introduces certain exceptions from the generally applicable legal provisions for the churches and religious legal entities, as well as recent development from the perspective of admitting religious freedom to business corporations. Keywords: freedom of religion, Constitution of the United States, First Amendment, churches, Supreme Court, USA
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Dumbrovský, Tomáš. "Soudcovská tvorba práva. Srovnání Evropského soudního dvora s Nejvyšším soudem USA." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322465.
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JUDGE-MADE LAW COMPARISON BETWEEN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Keywords: judge-made law; the European Union; the Court of Justice of the European Union; the Supreme Court of the United States; judicialization of governance; Kelsenian court; European constitutional space; European constitution; normativity; constitutional pluralism; sovereignty; federalism; post-communist states; new Member States of the European Union. Standard page (that is 1800 characters per page) and word count (including footnotes; without the contents, bibliography and annexes): 327 standard pages; 82 795 words. The Ph.D. thesis offers a complex reconceptualization of the constitutional system in the European Union. The constitutional systems of the Member States have been substantially transformed during the 20th century. Meanwhile a new constitutional system functioning in the Member States alongside their own systems has emerged - the constitutional system of the European Union. These two fundamental changes are difficult to grasp through an existing theoretical framework. That is because the framework is based on a set of outdated concepts: (i) Rousseau's concept of volonté générale that forms the basis of the parliamentary supremacy in a constitutional system; (ii)...
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Musilová, Nikola. "Interpretace mezistátní obchodní klauzule Nejvyšším soudem USA: srovnání Rehnquistova a Robertsova soudu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324199.
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This diploma thesis aims to analyze the issue of one of the most significant congressional powers found in Article I., Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. Congressional power to regulate interstate commerce has been instrumental to the federal government's legislative efforts in many areas of law. This constitutional provision enabled the Congress to react to the changing conditions and new problems the country has been facing, especially in the area of working conditions, civil rights, criminal justice or even environmental law and many others. The expansion of power of the federal government, however, was not always greeted with enthusiasm, especially in the first three decades of the 20th century, before the Supreme Court began to read the commerce power much more broadly, to the point that it ceased to be a factual limitation of its powers. This trend was meant to be stopped by the New Federalism movement and the five new conservative justices who issued rulings that limited the scope of the Commerce Clause. However, this group of justices proved to be very inconsistent in its own approach toward this constitutional provision and eventually fell apart, which rendered Rehnquist's attempted constitutional revolution with respect to state's rights partly a failure. As the new Court membership under...
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Bělohlávek, Pavel. "Ústavní systém USA." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-293185.
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Rovný, Branislav. "Komparace afirmativních akcí v ústavní a legislativní praxi USA, Indie a ČR." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278611.
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Symonová, Petra. "Prevalence a informovanost o škodlivosti užívání alkoholu těhotných žen- klientek Ústavu pro péči o matku a dítě v Praze." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351998.
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OF THE THESIS Name: Bc. Petra Symonová Specialization: Adiktologie Head of the thesis: Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, PhD. Pages: 77 The name of thesis: Alcohol use during pregnancy. Prevalence and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol use in pregnant women - clients of the Institute for Mother and Child in Prague. Abstract: Background: With the increasing trend of alcohol use in a population, but also increases the number of women who are dependent on alcohol in pregnancy. Since your problem but ashamed and fears of condemnation of the behavior of companies admit the problem and continued to try to hide it, and therefore it is not possible to quickly capture and begin to solve. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy the mother may hurt not only her but also her fetus. Since we do not know the exact amount that is 'safe' should be gynecologists recommended total abstinence. This fact, however, in many cases, unfortunately, beyond reality. Goals: The main objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women. Other objectives were to determine what are the knowledge of pregnant women about alcohol use in pregnancy, where and whether they are informed of pregnant women about the harmful effects of alcohol use during pregnancy and to determine whether the health of the fetus...
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Kunášková, Jana. "Vliv vyrůstání v zařízení ústavní péče na rozvoj závislosti u vybraných respondentů: případové studie." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411978.
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Background: The main source of the thesis is John Bowlby's Attachment Theory and Erik Erikson's theory The Eight Ages of a Man. The thesis works with the assumption that the separation or loss of the mother figure, in this case by transition to institutional care, affects the personality development. Aim: The aim of this work is to find out whether separation from the parent figure or its complete loss is the main reason for their dependence on addictive substances, eventualy which other factors were present in their lives. The partial goal is to find out how the respondents are doing in relationships. File and methods: The thesis analyzes the life story of respondents through the application of selected theories. The sample consists of four clients of the SANANIM drop in center. A case report was elaborated through consulting sessions. Special attention is paid to institutional care, family environment and client's relationships. Results: Respondents perceive their stay in an institution care facilities as one of the factors that led to the substance abuse and their current lifestyle. It has been found that they find it more difficult to establish healthy relationships and deal with negative emotions, which may be one of the reasons of substance abuse. Key words: addictive substance, addiction,...
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Drhlíková, Eva. "Srovnání amerického a mexického pojetí svobody projevu." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338753.
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Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right which is important not only for the intellectual integrity of an individual but also for the healthy development of the whole society. The work represents both general arguments for freedom of expression and codification of freedom in two different legal cultures. In the United States the freedom of expression is protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution, which complements the rich jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States. In Mexico, the right is regulated in Article 6 of the Constitution. The work shows how both countries reached the current legislation on the basis of examination of legal developments and cultural values. The values of the societies are presented on the basis of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The core of the thesis is to compare the legal limits, which is made primarily on the basis of judicial practice of the Supreme Courts of both countries. Emphasis is placed on four main areas which are related to freedom of speech: (i) fighting words including hate speech, (ii) symbolic speech, (iii) obscenity, and (iv) defamation. In addition to the legal limits the work interprets also the most significant actual limits in both countries. Finally, the author examines the relationship between freedom of expression and...
Book chapters on the topic "Ústava USA"
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Bobek, Michal. "Slovakia." In Comparative Reasoning in European Supreme Courts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680382.003.0010.
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The judicial practice of the use of comparative arguments in the two highest Slovak jurisdictions, the Ústavný súd and the Najvyšší súd, provides an intriguing contrast study to the developments described in the previous chapter with respect to the Czech Republic. In spite of sharing the same legal tradition and in spite of also being a country in transition, the externally visible quantity of comparative inspiration in the highest Slovak courts is meagre if not non-existent. The chapter offers a number of explanations for such differentiation: political, institutional, as well as cultural.