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Academic literature on the topic 'Usure, mécanismes'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Usure, mécanismes"
Collette, Christophe. "Usure ondulatoire en transport ferroviaire: mécanismes et réduction." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210701.
Full textLes trois premiers chapitres de cette thèse sont dédiés à la description des différents types d'usure ondulatoire et à la présentation des méthodes de prédiction. La méthode de dimensionnement des absorbeurs dynamiques est présentée au chapitre 4, ainsi que quelques perspectives de leur efficacité à réduire l'usure ondulatoire. Dans le chapitre 5, un tronçon réel du RER parisien a été étudié. D'une part les prédictions obtenues par différentes méthodes ont été comparées aux mesures sur site. D'autre part, le bénéfice résultant de l'utilisation d'un absorbeur dynamique a été étudié numériquement. Dans le chapitre 6, le cas de l'usure ondulatoire liée aux vibrations de torsion a été étudié spécifiquement. Un absorbeur dynamique a été développé pour réduire ce type d'usure ondulatoire. Son efficacité a été évaluée théoriquement et numériquement, avec un modèle multi-corps flexible du véhicule et de la voie. Dans le chapitre 7, un absorbeur dynamique visant à réduire les vibrations de torsion d'un essieu de métro à échelle réduite a été construit au laboratoire. Son efficacité a été validée expérimentalement en reproduisant les conditions d'apparition des vibrations de torsion de l'essieu sur le banc d'essais du Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles de l'INRETS. La correspondance entre les prédictions d'usure à échelle réduite et à échelle réelle a été établie. Une demande de brevet a été déposée par le Laboratoire des Structures Actives pour ce système (N° 06120344.4).
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berthier, Yves. "Mécanismes et tribologie." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0050.
Full text[This work is concerned with « velocity accommodation » in dry friction. It is divided in 6 chapters as folows. Chapter I poses the problem of velocity accommodation and compares the understanding found in thick film lubrification to the one generally acknowledged in dry friction. Chapter II identifies 12 accommodations mechanisms. These accommodation sties are defined, and four modes per site are isolated. Examples are given for each case. Chapter III shows that up to three mechanisms can coexist in a single contact, and that mechanisms can change with time. Chapter IV illustrates how control can be exercised to favour one mechanism oven an other. More specifically the effects of roughness, environment and coating one velocity accommodation are illustrated. Chapter V dicusses the effect of velocity accommodation on wear. Chapter VI is a general discussion and conclusion. ]
Ionescu, Claudiu Constantin. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'usure par tribocorrosion d'alliages modèles Ni-Cr." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782644.
Full textAl, Karaishi Mohammed. "Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement par frottement sec : cas de l'acier Hadfield et de l'acier 20NCD2 cémenté." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10055.
Full textBelakhdar, Rahma. "Etude des mécanismes de fretting dans les contacts électriques bas-niveau étamés." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112305.
Full textLow-power tinned electrical contacts are widely used in the connections within embedded electronic systems. Their reliability is questioned by a wear phenomenon called fretting corresponding to a multiphysical and essentially vibratory solicitation. Despite a significant number of studies on this topic, the mechanisms governing this mode of degradation are still imperfectly characterized because they involve parameters of different physical nature giving rise to complex interactions. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge concerning the deterioration of the electric properties of these low-power contacts subject to fretting following a tribologic and electric approach. The proposed work is based on an experimental device allowing the collecting of relevant measures in a simplified scenario-case study. Thus, the analysis of the contact degradation is insured by the tracking of the value of the electrical resistance and the forces of friction in a test full. A special device can detect and count the electrical micro shutdowns occurring. An analysis after the fact of the surface roughness by a form measuring instrument complements the experimental study. In this work, many trials were conducted to study the influence on the degradation by fretting parameters as the supporting force of contact, the amplitude or the frequency of vibration. The results have been faced with different models encountered in the literature. The data collected helped to identify wear criteria based on energy bases and tribological
Cayer-Barrioz, Juliette. "Mécanismes d'usure de polymères orientés : Application à l'abrasion des fibres de polyamide." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jcayer.pdf.
Full textThe abrasion resistance of fibres is a basic property in the textile industry. The goal of this study is to investigate the wear mechanisms of fibres. A mechanical and structural characterization enables to underline the heterogeneity and the strong anisotropy of the microfibrillar structure. A tribometer simulating the fibre abrasive wear under controlled conditions has been developed. An equivalence of the wear macromechanisms has been found independently of the experimental conditions or the fibre molecular weight. Nanofriction experiments point out the role of local speed fluctuations on friction and the influence of shear stress in an interfacial zone between the indentor and the fibre. Based on the synthesis of the tribological experiments, a wear micromechanism has been proposed. Relations between wear, structure and mechanical properties have been studied which leads us to establish a wear law
Grossiord, Carol. "Mécanismes tribochimiques de réduction du frottement limite : Cas des additifs au molybdène." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0011.
Full textSome parts of automotive engines are submitted to hard friction and wear (cam/tappet, ring/sleeve). This affects engine efficiency and life. This is why specific additives have been developed in order to bring antiwear and "friction-reducing properties to engine lubricants. These additives act by building up a reaction film (so-called tribofilm) on the metallic surfaces. This tribofilm reduces friction between the two surfaces and protects them from wear. Zinc dithiophosphate (Zndtp) is commonly used because of its antiwear properties. Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (Modtc) forms a tribofilm which is able to reduce friction significantly. Molybdenum dithiophosphate (Modtp) is known to act on both friction and wear. In order to respect anti-pollution norms (decrease of phosphorous rate) the petroleum industry has had to study additive combinations like Modtc/Zndtp. In order to understand the origin of the properties of additives and their mechanisms of action, we have developed an experimental process based on simulating the "instantaneous" traditional lubricated contact by a contact in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The first step is the formation of the tribofilm by a friction test in a lubricated environment. Then, in a UHV chamber, the tribofilm is submitted to the friction of a steel pin. After the test, the surfaces are separated and the wear scars on the friction surfaces are analyzed by AES, XPS and SAM. The formation of MoS2 from molybdenum additives was shown during both the lubricated and the UHV friction tests. On the one hand, the tribofilm contains single flexible sheets of MoS2 highly dispersed in an amorphous matrix. On the other hand, in UHV, very low friction is associated to the presence in the contact of a few monolayers of MoS2. Studying the transfer film present on the pin after the friction test, has revealed the role of phosphates and sulfides in the reduction of friction. Some of the reaction mechanisms of transfer can be explained on the basis of the chemical hardness principle. The acidity and basicity, hardness and softness of the chemical species present in the tribofilm determine the chemical reactions inside the contact zone and the behavior of the additives under friction. A high value friction coefficient is associated to a reaction between the phosphates of the tribofilm and the native iron oxide on the pin. A second reaction takes place between the metallic nascent surface on the pin and the MoS2 created under friction. The friction coefficient is then lower than 0. 05
Tchikou, Madina. "Propriétés mécaniques et mécanismes d’usure de billes de broyage en zircone." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S044.
Full textDamage of grinding beads depends on operating conditions as nature of grinding materials and grinding parameters. The aim of this work was to study the correlations between wear of beads, grinding parameters and materials (powders, fluid and beads). Intrinsic properties (structures, microstructures and mechanical properties) of five kinds of zirconia or zircon beads were determined to link them to grinding wear. The wear mechanisms were studied with a multi-scale approach: the macroscopic scale consisted in observing the beads during the initial and final steps (through the mass losing during milling and the observation of surface by SEM). The mesoscopic scale focused on contacts of beads by numerical simulation, and the microscopic scale aimed at characterizing the mechanisms of wear by decoupling experimental contacts during milling. The elements allow proposing a model of wear based on properties of beads, and the validity of the model is observed for several experimental parameters
Louaisil, Kévin. "Laminage à froid des aciers : analyse des mécanismes de lubrification et de leurs impacts sur l'usure et le frottement." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1c89c6a8-6661-4f91-9fbb-9a43388b8d61.
Full textTo improve productivity and quality of Myriad coil coating steel, the cold rolling process (Sendzimir ZR 22-B) has to follow this progress by limiting the production of ferrous residues or by decreasing rolling problems. To achieve these goals the mechanisms of the strip-work roll contact, which is not directly controlled, has to be fully understood. That’s why, a new experimental methodology, based on the Upsetting Rolling Test and on the cold rolling process FEM, enables to simulate the industrial contact conditions (mechanical characteristics, contact temperature and lubrication regime). Thus, the impact of rolling conditions and lubrication physico-chemical mechanisms on friction and wear phenomena could have been studied. Important influences of contact temperature, rolling pass, lubricant used, presence or absence of limit additives (polar, anti-wear or extreme-pressure) were pointed out. Moreover, a transfer layer, which is the consequence of adhesive wear favoured by severe conditions (high temperature, absence of limit additives. . . ) was identified on roll. Its presence involves an increase of friction and production of abraded ferrous residues
Arnaud, Pierre. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'usure et de son influence sur les mécanismes de fissuration en fretting et fretting fatigue." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC040/document.
Full textThis research work focuses on the comprehension of the Ti-6Al-4V wear and the competition between wear and crack processes under fretting and fretting-fatigue solicitations. There are many applications where fretting and fretting fatigue cause system failure, such as aircraft engines or train shafts. The cyclic solicitations, due to the system functioning, produce micro-displacements between parts, which are typical of fretting. Here, we are focusing on wear, taking into account debris layers in the contact interface and their effects on crack nucleation and propagation. To answer this problem, experimental and numerical studies have been carried out.First, an experimental and numerical approach on the competition between wear and crack nucleation was performed on Ti-6Al-4V. Two contact configurations were studied, cylinder/plane and punch/pane. The punch/plane study showed the necessity of taking into account the contact rotation in the crack nucleation prediction. A methodology, based on the markers tracking, allows us to measure experimentally the micro-rotation between the two bodies in contact. The incorporated rotation in the numerical simulations confirms its influence on the crack nucleation. Hence, good simulations of competitive phenomena could be performed, and fretting maps were drawn. Fretting maps introduce damage domains as a function of solicitation conditions of the contact.This previous part has shown that wear was not well simulated. Wear depends on test conditions, in other words, its rate is not constant whatever the solicitations. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the homogeneous contact of Ti-6Al-4V, a parametric test campaign was led. This work, confirmed by SEM analysis, showed 2 principal wear mechanisms, respectively oxidation and metallic transfer between surfaces. A distinct wear rate can be related to each mechanism, thus a global law taking into account all test parameters is proposed. Nevertheless, the observed experimental wear scar demonstrates the necessity to take into account the debris layer in the contact interface in order to simulate wear profiles. These layers have a concentrator effect on stresses in the inner part of the contact, resulting in an increase of wear depth and a reduction of lateral contact extension. A new algorithm is proposed to add debris layer in the wear simulation and enables us to predict simulated wear profiles with an error below 10 %.Finally, helped by the global model with wear, debris layer and crack process, the lifetime can be predicted in fretting fatigue. We show that the developed methods allow adequate estimation of the fretting fatigue cracking response for a various panel of constant loadings. Hence, the fretting fatigue map is established. The map describes, for a given contact, the cracking nucleation domain, failure domain and activation of wear domain as a function of macroscopic fretting and fatigue loadings