Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Usure, mécanismes'
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Collette, Christophe. "Usure ondulatoire en transport ferroviaire: mécanismes et réduction." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210701.
Full textLes trois premiers chapitres de cette thèse sont dédiés à la description des différents types d'usure ondulatoire et à la présentation des méthodes de prédiction. La méthode de dimensionnement des absorbeurs dynamiques est présentée au chapitre 4, ainsi que quelques perspectives de leur efficacité à réduire l'usure ondulatoire. Dans le chapitre 5, un tronçon réel du RER parisien a été étudié. D'une part les prédictions obtenues par différentes méthodes ont été comparées aux mesures sur site. D'autre part, le bénéfice résultant de l'utilisation d'un absorbeur dynamique a été étudié numériquement. Dans le chapitre 6, le cas de l'usure ondulatoire liée aux vibrations de torsion a été étudié spécifiquement. Un absorbeur dynamique a été développé pour réduire ce type d'usure ondulatoire. Son efficacité a été évaluée théoriquement et numériquement, avec un modèle multi-corps flexible du véhicule et de la voie. Dans le chapitre 7, un absorbeur dynamique visant à réduire les vibrations de torsion d'un essieu de métro à échelle réduite a été construit au laboratoire. Son efficacité a été validée expérimentalement en reproduisant les conditions d'apparition des vibrations de torsion de l'essieu sur le banc d'essais du Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles de l'INRETS. La correspondance entre les prédictions d'usure à échelle réduite et à échelle réelle a été établie. Une demande de brevet a été déposée par le Laboratoire des Structures Actives pour ce système (N° 06120344.4).
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berthier, Yves. "Mécanismes et tribologie." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0050.
Full text[This work is concerned with « velocity accommodation » in dry friction. It is divided in 6 chapters as folows. Chapter I poses the problem of velocity accommodation and compares the understanding found in thick film lubrification to the one generally acknowledged in dry friction. Chapter II identifies 12 accommodations mechanisms. These accommodation sties are defined, and four modes per site are isolated. Examples are given for each case. Chapter III shows that up to three mechanisms can coexist in a single contact, and that mechanisms can change with time. Chapter IV illustrates how control can be exercised to favour one mechanism oven an other. More specifically the effects of roughness, environment and coating one velocity accommodation are illustrated. Chapter V dicusses the effect of velocity accommodation on wear. Chapter VI is a general discussion and conclusion. ]
Ionescu, Claudiu Constantin. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'usure par tribocorrosion d'alliages modèles Ni-Cr." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782644.
Full textAl, Karaishi Mohammed. "Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement par frottement sec : cas de l'acier Hadfield et de l'acier 20NCD2 cémenté." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10055.
Full textBelakhdar, Rahma. "Etude des mécanismes de fretting dans les contacts électriques bas-niveau étamés." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112305.
Full textLow-power tinned electrical contacts are widely used in the connections within embedded electronic systems. Their reliability is questioned by a wear phenomenon called fretting corresponding to a multiphysical and essentially vibratory solicitation. Despite a significant number of studies on this topic, the mechanisms governing this mode of degradation are still imperfectly characterized because they involve parameters of different physical nature giving rise to complex interactions. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge concerning the deterioration of the electric properties of these low-power contacts subject to fretting following a tribologic and electric approach. The proposed work is based on an experimental device allowing the collecting of relevant measures in a simplified scenario-case study. Thus, the analysis of the contact degradation is insured by the tracking of the value of the electrical resistance and the forces of friction in a test full. A special device can detect and count the electrical micro shutdowns occurring. An analysis after the fact of the surface roughness by a form measuring instrument complements the experimental study. In this work, many trials were conducted to study the influence on the degradation by fretting parameters as the supporting force of contact, the amplitude or the frequency of vibration. The results have been faced with different models encountered in the literature. The data collected helped to identify wear criteria based on energy bases and tribological
Cayer-Barrioz, Juliette. "Mécanismes d'usure de polymères orientés : Application à l'abrasion des fibres de polyamide." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jcayer.pdf.
Full textThe abrasion resistance of fibres is a basic property in the textile industry. The goal of this study is to investigate the wear mechanisms of fibres. A mechanical and structural characterization enables to underline the heterogeneity and the strong anisotropy of the microfibrillar structure. A tribometer simulating the fibre abrasive wear under controlled conditions has been developed. An equivalence of the wear macromechanisms has been found independently of the experimental conditions or the fibre molecular weight. Nanofriction experiments point out the role of local speed fluctuations on friction and the influence of shear stress in an interfacial zone between the indentor and the fibre. Based on the synthesis of the tribological experiments, a wear micromechanism has been proposed. Relations between wear, structure and mechanical properties have been studied which leads us to establish a wear law
Grossiord, Carol. "Mécanismes tribochimiques de réduction du frottement limite : Cas des additifs au molybdène." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0011.
Full textSome parts of automotive engines are submitted to hard friction and wear (cam/tappet, ring/sleeve). This affects engine efficiency and life. This is why specific additives have been developed in order to bring antiwear and "friction-reducing properties to engine lubricants. These additives act by building up a reaction film (so-called tribofilm) on the metallic surfaces. This tribofilm reduces friction between the two surfaces and protects them from wear. Zinc dithiophosphate (Zndtp) is commonly used because of its antiwear properties. Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (Modtc) forms a tribofilm which is able to reduce friction significantly. Molybdenum dithiophosphate (Modtp) is known to act on both friction and wear. In order to respect anti-pollution norms (decrease of phosphorous rate) the petroleum industry has had to study additive combinations like Modtc/Zndtp. In order to understand the origin of the properties of additives and their mechanisms of action, we have developed an experimental process based on simulating the "instantaneous" traditional lubricated contact by a contact in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The first step is the formation of the tribofilm by a friction test in a lubricated environment. Then, in a UHV chamber, the tribofilm is submitted to the friction of a steel pin. After the test, the surfaces are separated and the wear scars on the friction surfaces are analyzed by AES, XPS and SAM. The formation of MoS2 from molybdenum additives was shown during both the lubricated and the UHV friction tests. On the one hand, the tribofilm contains single flexible sheets of MoS2 highly dispersed in an amorphous matrix. On the other hand, in UHV, very low friction is associated to the presence in the contact of a few monolayers of MoS2. Studying the transfer film present on the pin after the friction test, has revealed the role of phosphates and sulfides in the reduction of friction. Some of the reaction mechanisms of transfer can be explained on the basis of the chemical hardness principle. The acidity and basicity, hardness and softness of the chemical species present in the tribofilm determine the chemical reactions inside the contact zone and the behavior of the additives under friction. A high value friction coefficient is associated to a reaction between the phosphates of the tribofilm and the native iron oxide on the pin. A second reaction takes place between the metallic nascent surface on the pin and the MoS2 created under friction. The friction coefficient is then lower than 0. 05
Tchikou, Madina. "Propriétés mécaniques et mécanismes d’usure de billes de broyage en zircone." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S044.
Full textDamage of grinding beads depends on operating conditions as nature of grinding materials and grinding parameters. The aim of this work was to study the correlations between wear of beads, grinding parameters and materials (powders, fluid and beads). Intrinsic properties (structures, microstructures and mechanical properties) of five kinds of zirconia or zircon beads were determined to link them to grinding wear. The wear mechanisms were studied with a multi-scale approach: the macroscopic scale consisted in observing the beads during the initial and final steps (through the mass losing during milling and the observation of surface by SEM). The mesoscopic scale focused on contacts of beads by numerical simulation, and the microscopic scale aimed at characterizing the mechanisms of wear by decoupling experimental contacts during milling. The elements allow proposing a model of wear based on properties of beads, and the validity of the model is observed for several experimental parameters
Louaisil, Kévin. "Laminage à froid des aciers : analyse des mécanismes de lubrification et de leurs impacts sur l'usure et le frottement." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1c89c6a8-6661-4f91-9fbb-9a43388b8d61.
Full textTo improve productivity and quality of Myriad coil coating steel, the cold rolling process (Sendzimir ZR 22-B) has to follow this progress by limiting the production of ferrous residues or by decreasing rolling problems. To achieve these goals the mechanisms of the strip-work roll contact, which is not directly controlled, has to be fully understood. That’s why, a new experimental methodology, based on the Upsetting Rolling Test and on the cold rolling process FEM, enables to simulate the industrial contact conditions (mechanical characteristics, contact temperature and lubrication regime). Thus, the impact of rolling conditions and lubrication physico-chemical mechanisms on friction and wear phenomena could have been studied. Important influences of contact temperature, rolling pass, lubricant used, presence or absence of limit additives (polar, anti-wear or extreme-pressure) were pointed out. Moreover, a transfer layer, which is the consequence of adhesive wear favoured by severe conditions (high temperature, absence of limit additives. . . ) was identified on roll. Its presence involves an increase of friction and production of abraded ferrous residues
Arnaud, Pierre. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'usure et de son influence sur les mécanismes de fissuration en fretting et fretting fatigue." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC040/document.
Full textThis research work focuses on the comprehension of the Ti-6Al-4V wear and the competition between wear and crack processes under fretting and fretting-fatigue solicitations. There are many applications where fretting and fretting fatigue cause system failure, such as aircraft engines or train shafts. The cyclic solicitations, due to the system functioning, produce micro-displacements between parts, which are typical of fretting. Here, we are focusing on wear, taking into account debris layers in the contact interface and their effects on crack nucleation and propagation. To answer this problem, experimental and numerical studies have been carried out.First, an experimental and numerical approach on the competition between wear and crack nucleation was performed on Ti-6Al-4V. Two contact configurations were studied, cylinder/plane and punch/pane. The punch/plane study showed the necessity of taking into account the contact rotation in the crack nucleation prediction. A methodology, based on the markers tracking, allows us to measure experimentally the micro-rotation between the two bodies in contact. The incorporated rotation in the numerical simulations confirms its influence on the crack nucleation. Hence, good simulations of competitive phenomena could be performed, and fretting maps were drawn. Fretting maps introduce damage domains as a function of solicitation conditions of the contact.This previous part has shown that wear was not well simulated. Wear depends on test conditions, in other words, its rate is not constant whatever the solicitations. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the homogeneous contact of Ti-6Al-4V, a parametric test campaign was led. This work, confirmed by SEM analysis, showed 2 principal wear mechanisms, respectively oxidation and metallic transfer between surfaces. A distinct wear rate can be related to each mechanism, thus a global law taking into account all test parameters is proposed. Nevertheless, the observed experimental wear scar demonstrates the necessity to take into account the debris layer in the contact interface in order to simulate wear profiles. These layers have a concentrator effect on stresses in the inner part of the contact, resulting in an increase of wear depth and a reduction of lateral contact extension. A new algorithm is proposed to add debris layer in the wear simulation and enables us to predict simulated wear profiles with an error below 10 %.Finally, helped by the global model with wear, debris layer and crack process, the lifetime can be predicted in fretting fatigue. We show that the developed methods allow adequate estimation of the fretting fatigue cracking response for a various panel of constant loadings. Hence, the fretting fatigue map is established. The map describes, for a given contact, the cracking nucleation domain, failure domain and activation of wear domain as a function of macroscopic fretting and fatigue loadings
Stempfle, Philippe. "Triboligie des matériaux carbonés. Etude des mécanismes contrôlant la formation et la stabilité du 3ème corps en frottement sec." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0681.
Full textFayeulle, Serge. "Modifications des mécanismes d'usure par implantation d'ions dans les aciers." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10016.
Full textTrabelsi, Ridha. "Influence d'un renforcement par dispersoïdes sur les mécanismes d'usure du couple alumine/acier : Approches macroscopiques et structurales." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECDL0001.
Full textPetitet, Gilles. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes élémentaires d'usure douce des élastomères charges réticulés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/petitet.pdf.
Full textOn the rubber tread of tyres, wear patterns, called craters appear in soft conditions. There diameters are a hundred micrometers and there depth around a ten micrometers. The goal of the thesis has been to re-create and to sdudy on an analytical tribometer these wear patterns on rubber filled compounds in order to explain their mechanisms of formation. Paramateurs such as rugosity, surface mechanical properties, coefficient of friction and loss of weight have been studied. This study has shown that craters are due to the plastification of heterogeneities made of fillers badly dispersed, the agglomerats, when the plasticity threshold is exceeded by the strains. As a consequence, the loss of weight observed on surfaces with craters is not due to the presence of these craters. Micro-ridges, created on a lower scale, cause most of the loss of material
Barge, Matthieu. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des mécanismes de coupe par abrasion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mbarge.pdf.
Full textThe plastic strain and failure local mechanisms implied in abrasive processes is a key point to study for each problem dealing with moving surface interaction. Grinding and abrasive wear can lead to fast material displacements in cases promoting cutting. Thus it is particularly important to be able to predict if the abrasive particle is likely to form a chip rather than to simply plough the material. The aim of this study is to characterize abrasive cutting mechanisms in relevant machining processes as grinding. It is based on both experimental and numerical studies. The experimental part of this work consists in the development and the adjustment of a pendular scratching tester. This one makes it possible to isolate the cutting mode from the ploughing one to study its specificities. It is first shown from the topographies of the obtained residual grooves that this cutting mode is predominant all along the scratches. Then the study focuses on the cutting speed and the depth of cut influence on forces and energies brought into play during the porcess
Dreano, Alixe. "Formalisation des mécanismes de tribo-oxydation d'un alliage de cobalt soumis à des sollicitations de fretting-usure : effet de la température." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC034/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents a multi-physical analysis of the fretting wear damages observed on a cobalt-based alloy. It has been showed that the wear process is severe at low temperature whereas a mild wear process takes place at high temperature. At low temperature, the wear process is driven by a synergetic action of the oxidation of the surface and the abrasion of the newly formed oxide layer. An analytical formulation is then proposed by taking into account these two phenomena. However, the proposed wear law is only valid when the wear debris is immediately ejected out of the interface. Yet, when the temperature is high enough, the debris starts to agglomerate into the interface changing completely the tribological response. At high temperature, a protective tribolayer is formed by a compaction and sintering processes of the wear debris which drastically limits wear. The oxido-abrasive wear law, describing the wear behaviour at low temperature, is then modified in order to take into account the tribolayer formation. The tribolayer, also called "glaze layer", has a multi-layerered structure whose formation is strongly linked to the oxidation and diffusive properties of the alloying elements. In the light of these results, the tribological mecanisms providing complete protection of the interface from further wear are discussed
Khellouki, Abdeljabar. "Caractérisation des mécanismes de coupe en superfinition par toilage et de l'intégrité de surface induite dans le cas des aciers traités." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EMSE0032.
Full textThis study is a contribution to understanding the beltfinishing process. The characterization of beltfinished surface showed that the roughness is improved and only compressive residual stresses are generated. The most influential beltfinishing parameters and their interactions were defined. Those informations are important to control this process. An optimal contact time which leads to the grain’s wear stabilisation has been highlighted. This parameter has an influence on the surface topography and material removal rate. An energy study has shown that the plastic deformation is predominant in beltfinishing. A scratch simulation tests with low and high speed revealed that the material removal rate increase when the attack angle of grains increases or when scratches are superimposed. A numerical modelling was developed in order to compute the residual stresses induced by a single grain
Mané, Zélie. "Détermination et étude des mécanismes mésoscopiques responsables de l'usure des caoutchoucs naturels renforcés." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0030.
Full textIn soft conditions of driving, wear patterns appear on the tire tread. They are called wear craters and ridges.The aim of this thesis work was to recreate and to study these wear patterns for reinforced elastomers by carbon black or silica on a rotary tribometer in order to explain their mechanisms formation. Parallels were established between the values of mass lost, friction coefficient and the type of wear patterns while taking into account the physico-chemical properties of samples.The study explained the differences between the type of wear patterns generated on reinforced materials by carbon black and those reinforced by silica. Affect parameters on the transition between wear craters and ridges were also studied
Joos, Olivier. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement couplés des cylindres de travail pour le laminage à chaud des alliages ferreux et non ferreux." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1655.
Full textThe interruption of a hot strip mill in order to replace a work roll is very expensive. This replacement is mainly motivated by strip surface quality degradation. The strip surface quality is the mirror of the roll one. Because of numerous coupled solicitations during service (oxidation, abrasion/adhesion, thermal fatigue), the roll surface is continuously damaged. The relative amplitude of each solicitation depend of the roll position in the mill. The productivity improvement is also linked to the roll life increase, in others words is linked to the enhancement of roll resistance to oxidation, abrasion/adhesion and/or thermal cracking. The aim of this study consists in correlating microstructure of 4 roll grades with resistances against solicitations. At the laboratory level, solicitations are decoupled in order to better study the impact of microstructural parameters on damage mechanisms. After highlighting grade microstructural differences through numerous parameters (such as the solidification structure; the type, chemical composition, morphology and distribution of both primary and secondary carbides ; the structure and chemical composition of the matrix,…), we show firstly how these parameters influence grade oxidation mechanisms. Secondly we analyse the impact of these parameters on wear mechanisms against coupled solicitations: abrasion and oxidation on a one side, thermal fatigue ant oxidation on the other side. By weighing these parameters, it will be possible to optimize the microstructure
Fontaine, Stéphane. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes tribologiques lors d'une usure abrasive ou chimique de structures fibreuses. Application industrielle aux tissus en PET - laine." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULHA001.
Full textKagnaya, Tchadja. "Contribution à l’identification des mécanismes d’usure en usinage d’un WC-6%Co par une approche tribologique et thermique." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005750.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study wear mechanisms of WC-6%Co cutting-tools in machining by turning. Damage modes are controlled by complex damage mechanisms. They combine abrasion, adhesion and diffusion. Furthermore, they are highly dependant of the temperature levels at tool/material interfaces. In the present study two mains approaches are considered: on the one hand machining by turning and on the other hand tribological tests. In both cases temperature measurements and temperature modelling have been performed. Complementary results have been obtained, resulting in a better understanding of wear behaviour between WC-6%Co and a C45 steel grade. Mains wear mechanisms were identified. They deal with: - large modifications of the WC-6%Co microstructure due to critical mechanical loadings and to high temperature levels (up to 1200°C), - mobility of WC grains due to the viscoplastic behaviour of the cobalt based binder phase at high temperature. Such a mobility leads to intergranular microcracking phenomena and to WC fragmentation and debonding mechanisms, - intragranular microcracking and strain phenomena, that can lead to WC grain fragmentation, due to stress concentrations, - abrasion due to extracted WC fragments and to hard particules extracted from the C45 steel too, - adhesion, particularly at the end of the contact area between tool and chip
Dachi, Halima. "Formulation et propriétés mécaniques d'un revêtement polyuréthane : application aux sangles des systèmes d'arrêt des avions de l'aéronavale." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066086.
Full textGuilmard, Yann. "Mécanismes d'usure et seuils de dégradation d'une alumine en frottement contre différents alliages et cermets." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT020G.
Full textRezakhanlou, Rouzbeh. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux revêtus en sollicitation de contact." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL021N.
Full textPetitet, Gilles. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes élémentaires d'usure douce des élastomères chargés réticulés." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003258.
Full textCe travail de thèse a consisté à recréer et étudier sur un tribomètre analytique ce faciès d'usure sur des élastomères chargés réticulés afin d'en expliquer le mécanisme de formation. Des grandeurs telles que la rugosité, les propriétés mécaniques de surface, le facteur de frottement et la perte de masse ont été étudiées.
L'étude a finalement révélé que les cratères sont générés par la plastification d'hétérogénéités constituées de charges mal dispersées, les agglomérats, lorsque les efforts dépassent leur seuil de plasticité.
La perte de masse observée pour les surfaces présentant des cratères n'est donc pas due à ces derniers. Ce sont des micro-rides, créées à une échelle inférieure, qui provoquent l'essentiel de la perte de matière.
Isard, Manon. "Mécanismes de formation de 3ème corps et comportements tribologiques de contacts électriques glissants." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM077.
Full textIn the aeronautic field, the reliability of electrical contacts is a major challenge that requires a fundamental understanding of the tribological phenomena taking place in the interfacial material contacts. This PhD study focuses on two types of position sensors consisting of rheostat sensors (metal – metal contact) and potentiometer sensors (metal – polymer contact). In both cases, a sliding movement between a mobile cursor and a track causes surface transformations, which can then impact their electrical properties. The study highlighted the formation of third bodies in the interface, which play different roles depending on the system. In the rheostat, a selective adhesive transfer of nanostructured nickel from the NiCr track is formed on the silver alloy cursor, and causes a severe abrasive wear; a tribofinishing treatment using alumina powder allows this to be avoided. In the potentiometer, it is the lubricant itself that forms the third body, in the form of a tribopolymer which adheres to the track. A balance between an efficient protection against wear and sufficient contact spots is suggested to be at the origin of the reliability of the potentiometers. A more stable solution is to be sought in a replacement lubricant, using a third body engineering approach
Lahouij, Imène. "Mécanismes de lubrification des nanoparticules à structure Fullerène : approche multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790813.
Full textList, Gautier. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement des outils carbure WC-Co par la caractérisation de l'interface Outil-Copeau: application à l'usinage à sec de l'alliage d'aluminium aéronautique AA2024 T351." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001178.
Full textMeunier, Frédéric. "Modélisation des mécanismes de croissance des couches minces de carbone dur amorphe obtenues par CVD assistée plasma. Application à la réalisation de revêtements anti-usure multicouches TiN+Ti(C,N)+TiC+carbone." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0043.
Full textAyed, Yessine. "Approches expérimentales et numériques de l'usinage assisté jet d'eau haute pression : étude des mécanismes d'usure et contribution à la modélisation multi-physiques de la coupe." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00973532.
Full textCabrol, Elodie. "Étude et compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement de surface de matrices de forgeage à chaud rechargées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0012.
Full textIn the field of hot forging of aeronautical parts, the steel dies are commonly hardfaced, on few millimeters thick, by a cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 21) deposited by arc welding (MIG). As part of this thesis, this "classic" hardfacing is compared to Stellite 21 and Stellite 6 hardfacings deposited by two emerging processes in this area, the PTA and the LASER one. The objective is to assess surface damage mechanisms, especially induced by plastic strain, of these various hardfacings. Tribological tests (laboratory and semi-industrial) were used to create surface damage comparable to those observed in industrial dies. Associated with these tests, multiscale microstructural, structural and mechanical investigations have been performed (tensile, bending, microhardness, OM, SEM, STEM, XRD, EBSD). According to the « material/process » couple, plastic strain mechanisms by perfect dislocation glide and by FCC to HCP phase transformation have been identified. The activation of the latter has been connected to the temperature of the allotropic phase transformation (FCC/HCP) in cobalt. This temperature depends on (i) the alloying elements, varying according to the deposited grade (Cr, C, ...), (ii) the dilution (Fe content evolution) connected to the welding parameters and (iii) the number of deposited layer. Moreover, a significant influence of the phase transformation on the evolution of the friction coefficient has been evidenced. Indeed, if the phase transformation is not observed, the friction coefficient is stable during the test, while a drop of the friction coefficient curve is connected with the FCC to HCP phase transformation. Moreover, the plastic flow of dendrites is observed at the extreme surface, on a few tens of micrometres in thickness, in the direction of sliding. It is associated with a high morphologic and crystallographic texturing of the identified phase (FCC or HCP), with the highest atomic density planes mostly oriented parallel to the sliding surface. The results also show that, under tribological laodings, a significant hardening is observed on the surface (up to 90%) and a correlation has been established between the increase in the microhardness and the plastic deformation ratio
Ayed, Yessine. "Approches expérimentales et numériques de l’usinage assisté jet d'eau haute pression : étude des mécanismes d'usure et contribution à la modélisation multi-physiques de la coupe." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0056/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the machining of the Ti17 titanium alloy using high-pressure water jet assistance. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of degradation mechanisms and tool wear during machining, with and without assistance. Wear monitoring was achieved by regular observations using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical analysis (EDS technique) to determine the areas of material deposition on the tool. These observations made it possible to explain the wear mechanisms for roughing and finishing conditions. Wear mechanisms for conventional machining and for assisted machining were found to be significantly different. Indeed, with high-pressure water jet assistance, some tool wear mechanisms are no longer activated, whereas others are accelerated. Hence, there exists an optimum water jet pressure which minimizes tool wear.To highlight the effect of water jet assistance on the thermomechanical phenomena in the chip formation zone, finite-element modeling has been performed. Fluid/structure coupling was developed to take into account the mechanical and thermal effects of the water jet. For this to be possible, the Johnson-Cook constitutive law and damage model have been identified for the Ti17 titanium alloy, under extreme conditions, over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. This modeling has highlighted the fact that, for high-pressure assisted machining, the tool/chip contact zone is reduced. In addition, the simulation of chip fragmentation as well as the cooling effect on the tool and workpiece is possible.However, this model does not shed light on the effect of the microstructural heterogeneity of the material in the cutting zone. This is an important observation because the material studied has a very large grain size (of the order of a millimeter). For this reason, a new (multi-scale) modeling approach has been developed to take into consideration the microstructure of the material. The material is subsequently modeled as a polycrystal which obeys crystal plasticity constitutive laws. This new approach is then used to simulate chip formation, taking into account the grain orientations and phase changes that occur during the machining process
Ural, Aydemir Güralp. "Performance en frottement de composites alumine-métal avec ou sans nanotubes de carbone densifiés par frittage flash : identification des conditions de grippage et des mécanismes d’usure." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0015/document.
Full textAlumina matrix composites containing metal nanoparticles (Fe or FeCr) with or without carbon nanotubes (CNT) densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were studied under low amplitude oscillating friction conditions (fretting-wear) and reciprocating sliding. A free displacement fretting machine was used to enable contact materials to adapt freely to simulate and identify the seizure phenomenon under different loading conditions (constant, progressive, with or without contact aperture). Parametric modeling has helped to define precisely friction coefficients, seizure thresholds and dissipated energy in the contact. The results are very similar at low loads, but there is always a sharp transition at higher loads leading to severe degradation of composites with CNT just before an early seizure. An acquisition instrument of acoustic emission has been used during several tests to identify and monitor in situ different stages of degradation observed during friction. Additional tests under reciprocating sliding with imposed displacements have also been made for further understanding of wear behavior of composites. The overall results of fretting and reciprocating sliding helped to prioritize the tribological performances of different composites and lead to identify changes in wear mechanisms in relation with occurrence of a tribofilm in the contact interface
Vergne, Catherine. "Analyse de l'influence des oxydes dans le frottement d'une fonte pour outil de travail à chaud." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1064.
Full textSadat, Tarik. "Alliages Ni-W : de la mise en oeuvre par frittage flash aux micro-mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD083.
Full textAs part of this thesis project, innovative “composites” microstructures Ni-W composed by clusters of multi crystallized (ultra fine grain) W embedded in a matrix of a cfc Ni(W) solid solution were elaborated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Several alloys were processed by controlling precisely the respective volume fractions of the two elements Ni and W. In addition, Ni is a particularly ductile material unlike the more resistant W. So, it may give to the material a good compromise between ductility and mechanical resistance. Thus, by adjusting the respective fractions of Ni and/or W, we obtained in the same material the specific deformation micro-mechanisms of each phase, the characteristics and evolutions of those deformations were after analyzed during conventional mechanical stresses or under in situ Synchrotron. Thus, we have highlighted the role of each phase constituting the microstructure regarding the macroscopic behavior. It is clearly shown that the proportion and spatial distribution of the W phase are key factors on the overall brittleness as well as on the load transfer between the phases. Concerning the ductile phase, we underscored deformations of unusual amplitude, which are connected to the high initial density of ∑3 boundary grains, which then decreases sharply under mechanical stress
Collignon, Mathilde. "Compréhension des mécanismes de dégradation de disques de frein pour véhicule « poids lourd » et définition de nouvelles solutions matériaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0001/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was carried out with the aim of developing new materials for truck brake discs, so as to increase disc lifespans. Premature failure is the major problem encountered in the operation. Braking performances of new materials should be equivalent to those obtained with the current material couple: lamellar grey cast iron brake disc and commercial semi-metallic brake lining material. To do this, the study is divided in four parts: Firstly, major industrial and scientific aspects in braking are identified in literature and with investigations on truck brake discs used on road. Next, a coupled numerical-experimental approach enable us to characterize thermomechanical loadings induced by braking and leading to damage mechanisms of the lamellar grey cast iron disc. Finally, two aspects of new materials solutions are investigated in laboratory: tribological behaviour and thermal cycling behaviour
Clédat, Patrice. "Réalisation et étude comparative de dépôts céramiques obtenus par arc électrique sous vide ou dépôts ioniques : application à l'analyse du comportement anti-usure et des mécanismes de défaillance de revêtements PVD et CVD (TiN, CrN, DLC) sur outils de mise en forme." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO4001.
Full textGauvin, Melanie. "Approche analytique in situ du mécanisme anti-usure des phosphates de zinc." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770267.
Full textMandard, Romain Baptiste. "Dynamique de contact aube- revêtement abradable : identification expérimentale de la force et des mécanismes d'interaction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0001.
Full textMinimizing the clearance between turbofan blades and the surrounding casing is a key factor to re-ducing leakage flows and consequently improving efficiency. The tight clearance may lead to blade-casing interactions. An abradable coating is deposited on the casing to accommodate blade incursions and thus to protect the blades and the casing from severe damage. Blade/abradable-coating interactions involve tribological and vibratory phenomena at high velocity and temperature. Experimental knowledge of these interactions is paramount to the proper design of abradable materials and the prediction of their lifetimes through numerical simulations. The purpose of this thesis is to identify experimentally the force and the mechanisms occuring during interaction between a vibrating blade and an AlSi-Polyester abradable coating. To this end, experiments were conducted on a dedicated test rig, in conditions representative of low-pressure compressor situation. Specific methods involving dynamical measurements and analytical models have been developed in order to obtain the blade/abradable-coating interacting force as well as the blade tip incursion. The influence of temperature, coating nature and blade stiffness has been studied. The interaction mechanisms and wear of the abradable coating have been investigated and correlated with the interaction conditions. This work was achieved within the framework of cooperation between Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille (France), SAFRAN-SNECMA (France) and ONERA, the French Aerospace Lab
Fayolle, Caroline. "Influence de la dispersion de la silice sur les propriétés viscoélastiques et mécaniques des élastomères renforcés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10059/document.
Full textFilled elastomers are used in tread tires. It has been demonstrated that most of rolling resistance of tires is due to filled elastomer energy dissipation. In that way, understanding viscoelastic properties of these materials is a key point. Then, filled elastomer behavior at high deformations may be involved in ultimate properties of tire application such as fatigue crack propagation and wear. The aim of this work is to study the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of filled elastomers. First, levers impacting silica dispersion are evaluated. Dispersion of fillers can be considered as a competition between fillers cohesion forces and applied forces to the system to break them, these parameters have been studied methodically. Finally, the impact of silica-matrix interactions is studied, changing silica surface treatments or elastomer natures. The quantity of interactions possible per polymer chain between the silica and the elastomer may play a role in silica dispersion. Secondly, the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties is discussed. It is shown than increasing silica dispersion leads to a decrease of linear elastic modulus and an increase of reinforcement in tensile at high deformations. Finally, regarding ultimate properties, our experimental device on the selected formulations has not shown any impact of silica dispersion on fatigue crack propagation. Nevertheless, we observe a better wear resistance with increasing dispersion, despite the lower materials hardness
Trevisiol, Céline. "Effet de la microstructure et de la rugosité sur le comportement au frottement et à l’usure d’aciers faiblement alliés." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2430.
Full textThis thesis is an experimental work highlighting the effects of microstructure and roughness on friction and wear behavior of low alloy steels. That's why, low alloyed steels are carrefully selected in order to generate precise microstructures. Thus, different samples characterized by a chemical composition, a microstructure and a macro-hardness are generated and characterized tribojogically by performing friction tests. An original reflection was conducted to study the tribological behavior of the same steel with different microstructures for the same level of macrohardness. In addition, the effect of normal load on the contribution of microstructure and roughness on tribological behavior is investigated. This characterization is carried out by measurements of friction coefficient, wear rate, roughness parameters, micro-hardness and nanoindentation tests, energy dispersive analyzes, observatibns by using scanning electron microscopy and analysis of wear mechanisms. Finally, 273 configurations are studied and different trends are identified, Moreover, a comparison between the results from an experimental approach and a modeling approach of the tribological behavior of dual-phase microstructures was carried out. From this study, reflections are performed as regards the modes of the applied pressure pressure between the phases as function of roughness and normal load during the experimental friction tests
Darbeïda, Abdelhamid. "Mise au point d'une démarche expérimentale de caractérisation de la tenue mécanique des dépôts durs protecteurs de chrome et d'acier inoxydable : mécanismes d'endommagement sous sollicitations avec contact en relation avec les caractéristiques microstructurales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL006N.
Full textMartinet, Baptiste. "Caractérisation thermomécanique et identification des endommagements d’un revêtement abradable de compresseurs basse et haute pression en condition de contact sévère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0270.
Full textReducing gaps between blades and the casing allows an increasing of the aircraft engines effi- ciency. Moreover, blade/casing interactions, mainly due to engine vibrations, may occur. They are localized at the blade tip and may lead to the engine failure. Specific materials called « abradable materials » are used to reduce interactions impact. When an interaction occurs, the abradable ma- terial will be worn preferentialy to the blade and limits the interaction energies. Those materials are studied since many years on experimental devices to develop predictive numerical models. The purpose of this thesis is the experimental characterization of two abradable materials grades from the low-pressure compressor – the AlSi-PE grade – and from the high-pressure compressor – the CoNiCrAlY-hBN grade – on an experimental device. The experimental configuration is simpli- fied and doesn’t take in account the blade’s and casing’s dynamic phenomena. Thermomechanical characterization of two coatings was performed thanks to the correlation between forces, tem- peratures and wear mechanisms. Technological developments allowed representative tests up to 135 m/s and 720 °C. Semi-analytical modeling with Green’s techniques has been used to predict friction temperatures and heat distribution coefficients in the blade and the abradable material. Results have been correlated to an experimental test to approve the model
Messaadi, Maha. "Dégradation des aciers frittés sous impact-glissement." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0011/document.
Full textSintered steel is used as a material for valve seat insert in automotive engines. During operation, a dynamic contact occurs between the valve and its seat. To investigate the wear behavior of sintered steel for this application, we have developed an impact-sliding tester using a ball on flat configuration. Impact-sliding experiments have been conducted at different impact angles (30°, 45°, 60°) with and without lubrication to investigate the surface damage of the sintered steel under this contact loading and to understand the effect of lubrication. As a first step, we investigated numerically the evolution of the contact pressure, stress and strain as a function of time. In fact, owning the experimental bench test, a finite element model was developed. Numerical results show an evolution from of dynamic behavior from permanent reciprocating sliding at low angles to an intermittent motion called multi-impacts at higher angles. Experimental electric resistance measurements seem to confirm these evolutions. As a consequence, shearing stress is reduced when plastic deformation increased with multi-impacts. Wear track observations are in good agreement with these findings. Our results have shown an important variation of the wear rate in relation to impact-sliding angle. In dry condition, a low wear regime is observed for low angles; whereas maximum wear is observed at 60° angle for lubricated contacts. The wear scar in the dry contact is deeper than in the lubricated one. The damaged surface of sintered steel is examined by a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In dry conditions, the contact area wears out quickly due to an adhesive-abrasive process. Under lubricated conditions, a fatigue crack opening is associated to a lower wear rate. The lubricated impact-sliding condition modifies the main surface damage phenomena. In addition, a comparison of wear volumes produced using pure mineral base oil and the same base oil containing an anti-wear, anti-friction additive (ZDDP), shows that this additive has only a weak effect on wear reduction under squeeze–sliding lubrication. A discussion of basic wear mechanisms is presented to explain the observations. The present research was carried out to study the combined aspects of impact and sliding failure mechanism at different contact temperatures. The tribological behavior was investigated both under reciprocating motion and with a dynamic impact-sliding loading. The measured friction coefficient decreases as the contact temperature increases. The presence of oxides seems to be the key factor of this evolution. When the loading changes to a combined impact with slides, wear rate and mechanisms of the sintered steel vary with temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy observations coupled with EDX analysis were investigated inside and outside of the wear track in order to understand the surface accommodation with temperatures
Branci, Samy. "Traitement d'un signal acoustique : application au mécanisme d'abrasion de la meule." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20077.
Full textBaklouti, Mouna. "Analyse tribologique du rôle de constituants dans les performances de matériaux composites organiques pour garnitures de frein." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991953.
Full textCrozet, Martial. "Analyse tribologique du contact siège-soupape d'un moteur diesel." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI106.
Full textWithin diesel engines, the valve-seat contact is one of the few non-lubricated contacts. Due to the lack of lubrication it is exposed to significant degradation. It is put in evidence by material removal at the intake valve. This material pull out is promoted by the replication of combustion cycles (500 million) and by severe operating conditions (pressure 18 MPa). The wear can possibly lead to gas leakage and to the engine failure. In this context, the target of this work was to understand degradation mechanisms of the valve-seat contact in order to identify parameters affecting its wear. To address this question, the chosen approach based on the tribological triplet and material flows within the contact involved a double numerical and experimental vision. A dynamic model and a valvetrain test bench showed that the wear flows could be activated by the architecture of the valve opening system. Therefore, the limitation of these flows is obtained by the control of the "global" geometry of the system and thus without modification of materials. In the same way, a finite element model focusing on the local response of the 1st bodies (seat-valve) made it possible to highlight the impact of the "local" geometry of the contact. The change of this geometry is a lever to limit shear stresses applied to 1st bodies which reduces the tearing of particles (internal source flow) and therefore wear. Finally, tests carried out on the engine and on a specifically adapted test bench made it possible to finalize the understanding of degradation mechanisms (source flow, wear flow ...). Morphological interpretations of worn surfaces in terms of material flows made it possible to understand the build up stages of a protective layer : the 3rd body (internal flow). One solution to promote this internal flow is the optimized use of pollutants from combustion. For example, the burned oil in contact (external source flow), which is a priori harmful, becomes an opportunity here. In the same way, un-burned hydrocarbons from the combustion of biodiesel help to protect the contact
Osowiecki, Raoul. "Evolution des additifs non polymériques des huiles moteur et influence sur leurs performances en service : aspects moléculaires et cinétiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF054.
Full textCurrent technologies used for diesel engines lead to an accelerated degradation of the non-polymeric additives from lubricants, such as antioxidants, antiwear, friction modifiers and detergency additives.Our work intends to identify the nature of the chemical modifications undergone by such additives during engine functioning. In this respect, an analytical protocol has been developed in order to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively these compound families in engine oils. Following this, the analytical methodology has then been used to study oils altered during engine bench tests and laboratory experiments. Thus, the evolution of the chemical composition, the nature of the degradation products and the alteration processes have been considered. Furthermore, kinetic models have been established for each family of additives.It appears from this study that the processes implied in the alteration of the additives during laboratory tests do not reproduce those existing while engine running. Further laboratory experiments are needed in order to develop tests mimicking more closely the conditions occurring during engine functioning