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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Uterus

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Academic literature on the topic 'Uterus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Uterus"

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ARINKAN, Sevcan Arzu, Zafer BÜTÜN, Hasan SÜT, and Sadık ŞAHİN. "Bicornuate Bicollis Uterus with Partial Uterine Septum: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 25, no. 4 (2015): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/gynobstet.2014-41886.

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Nicolas, Paola, Jeanne Proust, and Margaret M. Fabiszak. "Women and Their Uteruses: Symbolic Vessels for Prejudiced Expectations." IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-15.1.03.

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What is a uterus to a woman and to society? This article calls for a holistic reevaluation of how we perceive and what we expect from women’s uteruses. We explore the powerful and deeply rooted cultural representations of women’s uteruses as mere receptacles and the impact of such representations on biological categories, medical practices, and current policies. Considering controversies surrounding hysterectomies, cesarean sections, and uterus transplants, we elucidate ambivalent narratives that either promote an essentialist approach where the uterus is emblematic of womanhood, or imply that the uterus is a dispensable organ useless outside of reproduction.

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Azhari, Tika, and Ani Triana. "ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA IBU NIFAS DENGAN INVOLUSI UTERUS MELALUI SENAM NIFAS DI PMB ROSITA, S. TR. KEB KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2021." Jurnal Kebidanan Terkini (Current Midwifery Journal) 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/jkt/vol2.iss1.563.

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Latar belakang studi kasus : Involusi uterus adalah berkurangnya ukuran uterus setelah melahirkan. Jika terjadi kegagalan maka dapat menyebabkan Subinvolusi, untuk mencegah terjadinya subinvolusi perlunya dilakukan senam nifas, sebagai upaya untuk menguatkan kontraksi otot rahim, sehingga otot-otot rahim terjepit dan mengalami pelemasan sehingga mempercepat involusi uterus. Tujuan studi kasus : Melakukan Asuhan Kebidanan pada ibu nifas dengan Involusi Uterus Melalui Senam Nifas secara menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan melalui pendekatan manajamen kebidanan dan mendokumentasikan asuhan yang telah diberikan. Metode studi kasus : metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus Asuhan Kebidanan pada ibu nifas. Laporan kasus dan pembahasan : adanya involusi uterus terjadi dengan baik setelah dilakukan senam nifas, pada kunjungan pertama Tinggi Fundus Uterus 2 jari di bawah pusat, pada kunjungan ke dua di temukan Tinggi Fundus Uterus pertengahan simpisis pusat, kunjungan ketiga Tinggi Fundus Uterus tidak teraba. Simpulan : setelah melakukan senam nifas maka terjadi involusi uteus ibu terjadi secara normal. Saran : perlu adanya edukasi senam nifas kepada ibu post partum sebelum pulang ke rumah dari gerakan hari pertama hingga gerakan hari ke sepuluh, perlu adanya poster atau banner yang terkait dengan senam nifas di Peraktik Mandiri Bidan Rosita S.Tr. Keb.

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Zhang, Yanfang, Yi Qi, Xianjin Zhou, and FengYan Yu. "Effect of 50-Hertz Sinusoidal Vibration on the Uterus in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporotic Rats." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9619867.

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Objective. To evaluate the influence of sinusoidal vibration (50-Hertz) stimulation on the uterus of osteoporotic rats. Methods. We constructed an osteoporosis rat model by ovariectomy (OVX). 36 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, vibrating group, sham operation group, sham operation vibrating group, OVX group, and OVX vibrating group ( n = 6 per group). Rats started to vibrate one week after the operation: one 10 minutes 50-Hertz sinusoidal vibration per day, except for Saturday and Sunday. In the second, 8, and 12 week after vibration stimulation, rats were sacrificed in batches. And then, the uteruses were taken out to measure the wet weight and calculate uterus relative wet weight. Results. Compared with the control group, OVA induced a significant increase in wet weight and relative wet weight in rat uterus. The vibration was to the uterus wet weight and the uterus relative wet weight in ovariectomized rats and at the same time had no significant effect, but the 12-week prolonged vibration can significantly reduce the uterus wet weight and the uterus relative wet weight in ovariectomized rats than 2 weeks. Conclusions. The uterus wet weight and the uterus relative wet weight were increased in the OVA-induced osteoporosis rats. The 50-Hertz sinusoidal vibration had no significant effect on the uterus wet weight and the uterus relative wet weight in the ovariectomized rats at the same time, but 12 weeks of vibration can significantly reduce the uterine wet weight and uterine relative wet weight of ovariectomized rats. And the uterus relative wet weight can be used as a new indicator of stimulating the uterus.

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Mochalova, Marina N., Lyubov A. Kuzmina, Anastasia Yu Mironenko, and Viktor A. Mudrov. "Complete uterus didelphia and stage 3 genital prolapse during the labor of a woman at 35–36 weeks of pregnancy while using intrauterine device." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 69, no. 2 (June 21, 2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd69289-92.

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A clinical case of operative delivery of a woman with stage 3 genital prolapse, which was diagnosed at 3536 weeks of gestation, is addressed in this article. The woman became pregnant while using intrauterine device. During cesarean section, the patient was diagnosed with complete uterus didelphia. In the abdominal cavity, between the two uteruses, a T-shaped intrauterine device was detected, with no signs of uterus perforation revealed.

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Tijani, El Harroudi, Taleb Meryem, GamraA Lamya, and Jalil Abdelouahed. "Giant uterus-like mass of the uterus." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 53, no. 4 (2010): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.72095.

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Elliott, David C. "Hernia Uterus Inguinale Associated With Unicornuate Uterus." Archives of Surgery 124, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410070132028.

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Yushin, Vladimir V., and Hajime Kosaka. "Sperm storage in the uterium of the insect-parasitic nematode Sphaerularia vespae (Nematoda: Sphaerulariidae)." Nematology 15, no. 7 (2013): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002716.

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The spermatheca found in the ‘uterium’ (highly transformed part of parasitic female) of the sphaerularioidid nematode Sphaerularia vespae, an endoparasite of a common Japanese hornet, Vespa simillima, was studied with TEM. The uterium consists of a thick trophic epithelium exposed to the insect haemocoel and a protective cavity which contains the female genital tube and storage cells (fat body). The uterium cavity contains the female reproductive system composed of the usual parts: uterus, oviduct and ovary. The genital pore of the young uterium is an opening of the short narrow uterine tube which joins to the voluminous spermatheca. The spermatheca is a dilated distal part of the uterus, storing numerous tiny spermatozoa. The spermatheca is blocked distally by the oviduct. The spermatozoa are uniform amoeboid cells only 1.4-1.6 μm in size with a highly condensed nucleus about 0.8 μm in size. The transparent sperm cytoplasm contains several mitochondria, small membranous organelles (specific organelles characteristic of nematode spermatozoa), occasional bundles of fibres and centriole-like bodies. The S. vespae spermatozoa are very similar to the spermatozoa stored in the uterus of infective females of another sphaerularioidid nematode, Deladenus sp., and have the main features of sperm found in many other rhabditid nematodes.

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Marni, Herti, Ferdinal Ferry, and Bobby Indra Utama. "UTERUS BIKORNU." JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 2, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aogj.2.2.57-61.2018.

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Marni, Herti, Ferdinal Ferry, and Bobby Indra Utama. "UTERUS BIKORNU." JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 2, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.2.2.115-118.2018.

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Background : Uterus bicornis subseptum is a deformity of the uterus such as the shape of the heart, the fundus appears to be curved inward, and has a barrier or wall inside to the uterine cavity. This abnormality occurs due to failure of the fusion of the left and right mullerian ducts. If pregnant, women who have this form of the uterus will usually experience a location abnormality, in which the fetus is often transverse or breech. However, women who have this disorder sometimes find it difficult to get pregnant so they experience infertility. In addition, there is usually a disturbance in the formation of the kidneys, but in this patient there was no abnormality in the urinary tract. In cases where the patient does not have children and a bicornu uterine abnormality is found, uterine repair is performed and it is hoped that with the uterine anatomy returning to normal, the patient can become pregnant.Objective : Discuss the management of cases of congenital abnormalities of the internal genital organs in patients with a bicornu uterus.Method : Case Report.Case : Reported a patient aged 25 years with primary infertility 4 years and a bicornu uterus. In patients, chromotubation was performed first, after chromotubation, the patient was performed metrosplasty to remove the bulkhead in the uterus and to repair the uterus. During the post-op follow-up at the hospital the patient did not show any signs of infection or acute abdomen, then the patient was discharged on day 5. The patient was advised to go to the OBGYN polyclinic regularly for further follow-up to the success of his uterine repair. Assessment can be done in several ways including transvaginal ultrasound to assess whether there is adhesions to the endometrium from the results of uterine repair, HSG, SIS or hysteroscopy can also be done in assessing the success of metroplasty in this patient.Conclusion : After metrosplasty in a patient with a bicornu uterus, further follow-up is required to determine the success of this procedure by performing a follow-up ultrasound.Keywords: Bicornu uterus, metroplasty

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uterus"

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Proniaiev, D. V. "Fetal uterus anatomy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19329.

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Masree, Mohammed. "Proteomanalyse des menschlichen Uterus." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97273628X.

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White, S. K. "Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and the uterus." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377761.

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Zhao, Hang, and 趙航. "Melatonin receptors in the rat uterus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241384.

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Goh, Judith. "Studies of connective tissue supports of the genital tract in the pathogenesis of prolapse in women /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16927.pdf.

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DELAVISSE, PATRICIA. "Consequences de l'exposition in utero au des (diethylstilbestrol)." Amiens, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AMIEM028.

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Knecht, Vicky Marie. "PATIENTS WITH GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER: COMPARISON OF LEARNING NEEDS OF PATIENTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANT OTHERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292091.

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Brigstock, David Roger. "Heparin-binding growth factors from porcine uterus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279306.

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Marsh, Sadie. "Ubiquitin-like proteins in the human uterus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272574.

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Ramadan, Ahmed A. "Immunophysiology of the uterus in cyclic ewes." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155620/.

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Books on the topic "Uterus"

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Brännström, Mats, ed. Uterus Transplantation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94162-2.

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Gauwerky, Johannes F. H., ed. Uterus myomatosus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55907-5.

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Altchek, Albert, and Liane Deligdisch, eds. The Uterus. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9086-2.

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Dorairajan, Gowri. Ruptured Uterus. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2852-6.

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T, Chard, and Grudzinskas J. G, eds. The uterus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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6

Steinert, Ulrike. Chapter Uterus. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2016.

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Meisels, Alexander. Cytopathology of the uterus. 2nd ed. Chicago: ASCP Press, 1997.

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Wynn, Ralph M., and William P. Jollie, eds. Biology of the Uterus. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5589-2.

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Drife, James O., and Andrew A. Calder, eds. Prostaglandins and the Uterus. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1931-9.

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George, Coukos, and Rubin Stephen C, eds. Cancer of the uterus. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Uterus"

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Houghton, Oisin, and W. Glenn McCluggage. "Uterus." In Histopathology Specimens, 241–50. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-673-3_24.

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Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky. "Uterus." In Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies, 193–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_13.

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Houghton, Oisin P., and W. Glenn McCluggage. "Uterus." In Histopathology Specimens, 261–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57360-1_24.

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Pickuth, Dirk. "Uterus." In Essentials of Ultrasonography, 209–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79579-4_15.

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Löning, T. "Uterus." In Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, 151–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_6.

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Canepa, Carlo, and Lauren Ferrara. "Uterus." In Atlas of Handheld Ultrasound, 159–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73855-0_30.

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Kaufmann, M. "Uterus." In Die Gynäkologie, 643–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11496-4_36.

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Hoopmann, M., W. Dürr, T. Van den Bosch, D. Timmerman, and C. Brezinka. "Uterus." In Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie, 821–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53662-9_32.

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Schilling, Paul J., Daniel Yeung, Jatinder Palta, Carlos A. Perez, Stephan Mose, Stephan Mose, Michelle Kolton Mackay, and Christin A. Knowlton. "Uterus." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 939. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_1290.

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Noguerol, Teodoro Martín, Antonio Luna, and Joan C. Vilanova. "Uterus." In Learning Genitourinary and Pelvic Imaging, 141–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23532-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Uterus"

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Jentschke, M., J. Kampers, and P. Hillemanns. "Uterus duplex mit Hämatometra und Uterus-Blasenfistel." In 62. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – DGGG'18. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671580.

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Riedel, M., E. Klein, O. Graupner, and B. Kuschel. "Uterus ruptur bei Uterus didelphys in der 15. SSW." In 28. Deutscher Kongress für Perinatale Medizin. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607727.

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Shehaj, I., U. Hennig, AI Sauer, and F. Dede. "Intraoperative Diagnose eines torquierten Uterus." In Abstracts zum 19. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pränatal- und Geburtsmedizin e. V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709335.

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Pajntar, M., D. Rudel, E. Roskar, and M. Pisljar. "Electromyography of the human uterus." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94886.

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Schechter, C., B. Aktas, and S. Stark. "Ein interessanter Fall – Uterus didelphys." In Kongressabstracts zur 13. Jahrestagung der Mitteldeutschen Gesellschaft für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e.V. (MGFG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692100.

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Moustafa, Moustafa, B. Serpil Acar, and Memis Acar. "The Role of Placental Locations on Fetus Mortality in Road Traffic Accidents." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82738.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of placental location on the risk of placental abruption in road traffic accidents involving a pregnant driver. Placental abruption accounts for around 50–70% of fetal deaths in motor vehicle accidents. The computational pregnant occupant model, ‘Expecting’, which has a multi-body fetus and a finite element uterus model was developed at Loughborough University and is used in this investigation. The placenta is located in the upper region of the uterus near the fundus in ‘Expecting’. Four locations for the placenta; anterior, posterior, lateral left, lateral right cases are modelled and used in simulations in this study. These models are used to simulate a range of frontal impacts of severity 15 kph and 30 kph. Three cases of occupant restraint: three-point seatbelt with an airbag, three-point seatbelt only and airbag only conditions are investigated. The maximum strains developed in the uterus and utero-placental interface (UPI) have been estimated and compared for these scenarios in order to investigate placental abruption that leads to fetal loss. Placenta located at anterior position is found to be at higher risk than other positions considered.

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Patil, Veena I., Dakshayani Ijeri, and Sayeda Afshan Patel. "Histopathological Image Analysis Of Uterus Cancer." In 2022 IEEE North Karnataka Subsection Flagship International Conference (NKCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nkcon56289.2022.10126604.

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George, Anne, Ajit Sebastian, Vinotha Thomas, Anitha Thomas, Rachel Chandy, and Abraham Peedicayil. "Outcomes of carcinosarcoma of the uterus." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685334.

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Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of women with uterine carcinosarcoma. Methods: The medical records of all patients admitted with uterine carcinosarcoma between January 2012 and October 2015 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics were compared and survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier method and compared using log rank test. Results: The total number of uterine malignancies operated in our centre over this time period was 247 of which 33 were sarcomas (13%). Median age of presentation was 56 years (21-77 years). Most women were postmenopausal (76%) and 46% of them presented with post menopausal bleeding.There were 16 carcinosarcomas of the uterus. Eight presented at Stage 1 (50%) and the remaining 8 in stage III or IV. All patients had TAH/BSO but only 15 had omentectomy and 12 had pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant treatment was given only to 10 (63%). Seven patients had expired at the time of follow up. The mean survival was 502 days (304-699) with a median of 284 days. Patients who received adjuvant therapy did better compared to those who did not (p=0.05). Conclusions: Carcinosarcomas are aggressive tumours and the optimal therapy is yet to be determined. Adequate surgical staging followed by adjuvant therapy improves survival.

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Satitniramai, Sikarn, Navamol Leksakul, and Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk. "Endometrial carcinoma arising in didelphys uterus." In KSGO 2023. Korea: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2023.34.s1.i04.

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Bausewein, L., F. Keil, B. Oberschmid, M. Grube, O. Ortmann, S. Seitz, and ME Hatzipanagiotou. "Fallvorstellung: Perivaskulärer Epitheloidzelltumor (PECom) des Uterus." In Abstracts zum Gemeinsamen Kongress der Bayerischen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde (BGGF) und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG) 2023. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768822.

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Reports on the topic "Uterus"

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Brännström, Mats, Ylva Carlsson, and Henrik Hagberg. Obstetric outcome after uterus transplantation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0052.

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Review question / Objective: Is delivery by elective cesarean section as safe for the mother and the neonate after uterus transplantation as after delivery by elective cesarean section for reasons such as breech and psychological indication regarding stillbirth/neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, maternal mortality, and morbidity? Rationale: To compare pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal complications at delivery by cesarean section in patients that have undergone uterus transplantation and in a normal groups of women.

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Robison, Katina, Kyle Wohlrab, Vivian Sung, Melissa Clark, Christine Luis, Christina Raker, Chanelle Howe, et al. Comparing Surgeries for Women Who Have Both Cancer of the Uterus and Bladder Problems. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/11.2020.cer.140922034.

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Hale, Benjamin J., Caixia Yang, and Jason W. Ross. Expression of RNA Binding Proteins DND1 and FXR1 in the Porcine Uterus during the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-832.

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Spencer, Thomas E., Elisha Gootwine, Arieh Gertler, and Fuller W. Bazer. Placental lactogen enhances production efficiency in sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586543.bard.

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The key objectives of this BARD project were to: (1) study long-term effects of immunization of prepubertal ewes against recombinant ovine placental lactogen (roPL) on subsequent birth weights of their lambs and their milk production; (2) optimize the anti-roPL immunization protocol using adjuvant preparations acceptable to producers and regulatory agencies; and (3) determine the physiological mechanism(s) whereby immunization against oPL increases fetal growth and development and mammogenesis. These objectives were based on key findings from a previous BARD project that: (a) immunization of ewes against roPL increased lamb birth weight and ewe milk production during lactation; (b) roPL and recombinant ovine growth hormone (roGH) increased the proliferation and differentiated function of endometrial glands that, in turn, would enhance uterine secretions necessary for fetal and placental growth; and (c) exogenous roPL and roGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk production during lactation. The BARD projects address central problems in sheep production, including reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality, low birth weight of lambs especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which affect neonatal survival. The sheep placenta secretes both lactogenic (oPL) and somatogenic (oGH) hormones. The receptors for those hormones are present in the fetus and placenta as well as maternal uterus, and mammary gland. Our research has focused on determining the biological role of these placental hormones in development and differentiation of the uterus during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Studies conducted in the current BARD project indicated that the effects of anti-roPL immunization were variable in ewes and that commercially available and widely acceptable adjuvant preparations were not effective to produce high anti-roPL titers in pre-pubertal ewes. In the non-prolific Rambouillet ewe in Texas and in the Awassi and the Assaf in Israel, anti-roPL immunization increased lamb birth weight; however, the magnitude of this effect and the inherent variability precluded our ability to determine the physiological mechanism of how the immunization increases fetal growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that anti-roPL immunization is not currently feasible as an easy and efficacious tool for the producer to increase flock reproductive and production efficiency. The variability in response of individual ewes to anti-roPL immunization likely includes modifying the recombinant hormone and the type of adjuvant used for the immunization. In particular, the oPL may need to be modified to ensure maximum antigenicity in a broad range of breed types. Nonetheless, the investigators continue to collaborate on identifying fundamental mechanisms that can be improved by genetics or management to enhance the efficiency of uteroplacental function and, in turn, fetal growth and development. High prolificacy is a desirable trait in intensive sheep production systems. One of the main limitations of using prolific breeds of sheep is that increased litter size is associated with low birth weights and increased mortality of lambs. Further, low birth weight is associated with an increased propensity for adult diseases and decreased production efficiency. Indeed, our recent studies find that the birth weights of lambs born in large litters can be improved by both genetics and management. Future cooperative research will continue to focus on reproductive efficiency of sheep that have broader implications for improving production efficiency in all types of ruminant livestock.

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Bazer, Fuller W., Arieh Gertler, and Elisha Gootwine. Role of Placental Lactogen in Sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574339.bard.

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Central problems in sheep and dairy cattle production are reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality and low birth weights, especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which adversely affect neonatal survival and economy of production. The sheep placenta expresses lactogenic (ovine placental lactogen, oPL) and somatogenic (ovine placental growth hormone, oGH) hormones. Our research has focused on the biological roles of oPL and oGH in function of the uterine endometrium during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Major conclusions were that: ( 1 ) immunization of prepubertal ewes against oPL resulted in increased birth weights of their lambs and their milk production during lactation; (2) neither oPL nor oGH had an antiluteolytic effect on uterine endometrium to affect lifespan of the corpus luteum; (3) only sequential exposure of the progesterone stimulated uterus to oIFNt and oPL or oGH increased endometrial gland proliferation and secretory protein gene expression; (4) oPL signals through a homodimer of ovine prolactin receptor (PRL-R) and heterodimer of oPRL-R and growth hormone receptor (GH-R); (5) exogenous recombinant oPL and oGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk yield during lactation; and (6) mutation of oPL and oGH was used to define specific biological effects and a rational basis for design of a specific receptor agonists or antagonists. This project was very productive in elucidating basic biological effects of oPL and oGH on intracellular signal transduction pathways, uterine development and secretory function, as well as mammogenesis and lactogenesis. We determined that immunization of prepubertal ewes against roPL increased birth weights of their lambs, especially those born as twins and triplets, as well as enhanced lactational performance. These studies significantly extended our knowledge of uterine and fetal-placental physiology and provided a foundation for new strategies to enhance reproductive and lactation efficiency. Based on these results, the major achievements were: 1) creation of a practical and cost effective management tool for producers to increase reproductive performance, neonatal survival, and milk yield of ewes in commercial flocks; and 2) define, for the first time, biological effects of oPL on endometrial functions and gene expression by uterine gland epithelium.

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Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.

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Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.

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Scholder, Stephanie von Hinke Kessler, George Wehby, Sarah Lewis, and Luisa Zuccolo. Alcohol Exposure In Utero and Child Academic Achievement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19839.

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Lavy, Victor, Analia Schlosser, and Adi Shany. Out of Africa: Human Capital Consequences of In Utero Conditions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21894.

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Hsieh, Chung-Cheng. In Utero Influences, Breast Stem Cells, and Breast Cancer Risk Factors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532382.

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Johnson, Jay S., Jason W. Ross, Joshua T. Selsby, Rebecca L. Boddicker, Maria V. Sanz Fernandez, and Lance H. Baumgard. Effects of In-utero Heat Stress on Porcine Post-natal Thermoregulation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-61.

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