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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Uterus – Physiology'
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1
Zhao, Hang, and 趙航. "Melatonin receptors in the rat uterus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241384.
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Chatdarong, Kaywalee. "Reproductive physiology of the female cat : with special reference to cervical patency, sperm distribution and hysterography /." Uppsala : Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/v162.pdf.
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MacKintosh, Sian Bethan Patricia. "Development of 3D cultural models of epithelial and stromal cells to study the pathophysiology of the bovine endometrium." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572141.
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Dunlap, Kathrin Anson. "The role of ovine betaretroviruses in uteroplacental function." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1850.
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Lin, Chunling. "The role of oestrogens in the growth and induction of progesterone receptors in the mammary gland and uterus of pigs." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480562.
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Bulawa, Lillith. "The Effects of Total Body Proton Irradiation on Mouse Myometrium." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/548.
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The boundaries of human space exploration continue to expand with new technology and discoveries making it even more important to investigate the effects of space on biological systems. Although humans have explored space in small increments, reproductive studies must be conducted to determine if stable short- or long-term residences for humans can exist in space. This study explored the effects of whole-body proton radiation on uterine smooth muscle known as the myometrium. Two types of mice utilized in this study were C57BL/6 and B6.129S6Cybbtm1Din/J NOX2 knockout mice. C57BL/6 mice are standard laboratory mice that were used to represent the wildtype treatment group (N=18). The B6.129S6Cybbtm1Din/J NOX2 knockout mice have the NADPH Oxidase 2 gene shut off and represented the NOX2 Knockout treatment group (N=18). A third treatment group was made up of half of the C57BL/6 mice and were fed apocynin (N=18). Apocynin has been shown to inhibit NAPDH oxidase production in mice. NADPH Oxidase 2 is involved in the production of deleterious Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS); thus, apocynin should reduce the production of ROS in mice exposed to radiation. Different doses of radiation (0Gy, 0.5Gy, and 2.0Gy) were applied to the myometrium creating three different treatment subgroups within each mouse strain. The mice received 250 MeV protons at an approximate dose rate of 70cGy/ minute. Myometrium tissue was obtained one week following the radiation treatment. The uteri were removed, embedded, sectioned, and stained in hematoxylin and eosin solution. Thickness was determined by taking five measurements each of the outer longitudinal layer length, the inner circular layer length and the total length of both layers of the myometrium for three individual pieces of tissue for each animal. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical differences between the groups and subgroups. Wildtype control mice exposed to 2.0Gy (N=5) of radiation had the thickest outer longitudinal layers compared to wildtype mice exposed to 0Gy (N=5) and 0.5Gy (N=6) (p=0.005, p=0). In the apocynin fed and Knockout treatment groups, the subgroups exposed to 0Gy had the thickest layers compared to their respective subgroups exposed to 0.5Gy and 2.0Gy. The apocynin fed mice exposed to 0Gy (N=6) outer longitudinal layer was statistically significantly thicker than the apocynin-fed mice exposed to 0.5Gy (p=0.004; N=6). The inner circular layer of the apocynin-fed mice exposed to 0.5Gy was statistically significantly thicker than the apocynin-fed mice exposed to 2.0Gy (p=0.001; N=6). Amongst the treatment groups, the wildtype control versus the apocynin fed mice exposed to 0Gy showed the apocynin-fed group to have the thicker outer longitudinal layer (p=0.003) and combined layers (p=0.001). Overall, the knockout group showed no statistical difference when compared to the wildtype control group. Further studies are necessary to reduce the possible confounding effect of the estrous cycle in the mice. The different phases of the mice estrus cycle may inadvertently affect the mouse uterine thickness due to the fluctuations in hormones. This study will add to the limited research regarding the female reproductive system in hopes of expanding the knowledge needed to actualize space colonization.
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Fedorka, Carleigh Elizabeth. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO SPECIFIC SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO BREEDING IN THE MARE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/29.
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The mare experiences a transient innate immune response to breeding, the resolution of which is crucial for optimal fertility. The majority of mares are able to modulate this inflammation in a timely fashion, but a subpopulation exists which fail to do so and are considered susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). Seminal plasma has been shown to modulate aspects of this inflammation. Recently, two seminal plasma proteins have garnered interest for their immune modulating properties: cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP-3) and lactoferrin. These proteins have been found to alter the binding between sperm and neutrophils based on sperm viability in vitro, but minimal work has evaluated their effect on endometrial mRNA expression of cytokines and inflammation in response to breeding. Experiments were performed to analyze the expression of equine CRISP-3. Found to be primarily synthesized in the ampulla of the vas deferens and to a lesser extent in the vesicular gland, CRISP-3 expression was only seen in the postpubertal stallion. Due to the effect of sperm viability on protein function in vitro, varying sperm populations were analyzed for their effect on gene expression in the uterus. It was determined that viable sperm suppressed the gene expression of the inflammatory modulating cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in comparison to dead sperm. Next, the effect of CRISP-3 and lactoferrin on endometrial gene expression in the normal and susceptible mare was investigated. Neither protein had a significant effect on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the normal mares at six hours post-breeding. In contrast, lactoferrin was found to significantly suppress the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in susceptible mares. Due to this, lactoferrin was further analyzed as an immunomodulant for the treatment of PBIE. Susceptible mares were infused with varying doses of lactoferrin at six hours post-breeding. Although not in a dose-dependent fashion, lactoferrin was found to decrease both fluid retention and neutrophil migration, in addition to suppressing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) and increasing the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN). In conclusion, CRISP-3 expression occurs in secretory aspects of the male reproductive tract, and appears to be up regulated after sexual maturation. Viability of spermatozoa affects the immune response to breeding and should be taken into consideration for experimental design and interpretation of data. The seminal plasma proteins CRISP-3 and lactoferrin have minimal effect on endometrial gene expression in normal mares, but lactoferrin suppresses the expression of TNF in susceptible mares. Finally, lactoferrin was found to function as a potent anti-inflammatory for the persistent inflammation seen in susceptible mares when administered post-breeding. This protein should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of persistent breeding-induced endometritis.
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Lesage, Audrey. "Rôles de FOXL2 dans la physiologie endométriale chez les bovins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS422/document.
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L'implantation est une étape cruciale de la gestation et du développement post-natal chez les mammifères. L'implantation est définie comme l'établissement d'interactions cellulaires et permanentes entre un endomètre réceptif et un embryon compétent et synchronisé. L'endomètre est un capteur (sensor) biologique de qualité embryonnaire qui conduit la trajectoire de développement du conceptus jusqu'à terme. Les données préalables de notre équipe et d'autres ont suggéré que FOXL2 - un facteur de transcription clé pour l'établissement et le maintien de la fonction ovarienne – pourrait avoir des rôles biologiques majeurs dans le développement et les fonctions de l'endomètre chez les mammifères. L'objectif de mon travail était de comprendre dans quelle mesure FOXL2 contribue à la régulation de la fonction endométriale chez les bovins laitiers. Nous avons d'abord évalué les conséquences des variations du métabolisme maternel sur l'expression endométriale de FOXL2 et une sélection de gènes candidats. Notre étude a mis en évidence que, chez les femelles Holstein primipares taries immédiatement après le vêlage, l'expression de FOXL2 est augmentée alors que l'expression des enzymes antioxydantes est diminuée dans l'endomètre lors de l'implantation. Grâce à un modèle in vitro de cultures primaires de cellules endométriales bovines (fibroblastes et cellules épithéliales glandulaires) surexprimant transitoirement FOXL2, nous avons pu montrer que l'expression des gènes codant pour les enzymes antioxydantes n’est pas dépendante de FOXL2. Sur la base de notre modèle expérimental in vitro, les profils d'expression des gènes ont ensuite été déterminés à l'aide d'un oligoarray bovin non commercial. L’analyse des données a révélé une variation de l’identité des gènes cible de FOXL2 en fonction du type cellulaire considéré. Comme dans l'ovaire, FOXL2 régule des gènes liés à "la réponse immunitaire", "l’apoptose" et "la détermination du sexe". Nos résultats ont également mis en évidence la régulation par FOXL2 de fonctions spécifiques de l'endomètre, telles que «la réponse à l'interféron de type I» et «la modification de matrice extracellulaire». En somme, nos données mettent en lumière le rôle de FOXL2 dans la régulation de la physiologie endométriale bovine. Ses fonctions biologiques mériteraient d'être analysées et comparées chez d'autres espèces de mammifèresImplantation is a critical milestone ensuring a successful pregnancy and normal post-natal development in mammals. Implantation is defined as the establishment of cellular and permanent interactions between a receptive endometrium and a competent and synchronised embryo. Endometrium has been proposed to be a biological sensor of embryo quality that drives the developmental trajectory of the conceptus until term. Previous data from our team and others have suggested major biological roles for FOXL2 – a key transcription factor for the establishment and maintenance of ovarian function- in the development and functions of the mammalian endometrium. The aim of my work was to provide new insights on the contribution of FOXL2 to the regulation of the endometrial function in dairy cattle. We first evaluated the consequences of variations in maternal metabolism on the endometrial expression of FOXL2 and a selection of candidate genes. Our data demonstrated that, in Holstein primiparous females dried immediately after parturition, FOXL2 expression was increased whereas antioxidant enzymes expression was decreased in the endometrium at implantation. Using an in vitro model of primary cultures of bovine endometrial cells (fibroblasts and glandular epithelial cells) transiently overexpressing FOXL2, expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes did not appear to be FOXL2 dependant. Based on our in vitro experimental model, gene expression profiles were then determined using a bovine custom oligoarray. Data analyses unveil differences in FOXL2-regulated genes according to endometrial cell origin. As in the ovary, FOXL2 regulated sets of genes related to "immune response", "apoptosis" and "sex determination". Our results also highlighted regulation of endometrium-specific genes by FOXL2 including “response to type I interferon” and “extracellular matrix modification”. Altogether our data support the involvement of FOXL2 in the regulation of bovine endometrial physiology that deserves to be analyzed in other mammalian species
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Stjernholm, Ylva. "Endocrine and neuronal interactions in human cervical ripening /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19981009stje.
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Bessette, Paul Henry. "Engineering and physiology of disulfide bond isomerization in Escherichia coli /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9995165.
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Delorme, Danielle. "Effects of Interleukin-3 on murine fetal hemopoiesis in utero." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59630.
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The effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3), a candidate hemopoietic growth factor, on prenatal hemopoiesis is unclear. Microinjection of IL-3 directly into mouse fetuses (day 13) via the yolk sac, allowed us to evaluate the effects on morphogenetic events and more specifically on fetal liver populations using quantitative in vitro clonal assays for hemopoietic precursors. Control studies, required to distinguish stress effects of surgical laparotomy and microinjection, clearly revealed that the fetal liver is a sensitive organ responding with limited tissue disorganization, reduced cellularity and erythropoietic activity as identified 24 h after experimental intervention. Microinjection of 15 units of IL-3 promoted significant expansion of the depleted fetal liver hemopoietic cell populations and had stimulatory effects on connective tissue mast cells, absolute cell numbers including hemopoietic precursors (erythroid, granulocyte, macrophage, megakaryocyte) compared to controls. These studies suggest that fetal liver cells acquire a responsiveness to IL-3 early in development and that, IL-3 has a positive stimulatory effect on fetal liver cell populations, promoting the recovery of normal liver hemopoiesis.
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Rook, William. "The effects of chronic hypoxia in utero on cardiovascular regulation in the offspring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3040/.
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A common consequence of the complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, is reduced supply of nutrients, including oxygen, to the developing fetus. The consequences for the offspring are wide ranging, but include increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Using a rodent model, this study has examined the regulation of blood vessels, particularly those supplying skeletal muscle, by local, endothelially-derived factors, and by the sympathetic nervous system, in adult rat offspring following chronic hypoxia in utero. The key findings include evidence that there are chronically high levels of oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle vasculature of the offspring. Further, the density of, and the activity in the sympathetic neurones supplying skeletal muscle blood vessels is markedly increased following chronic hypoxia in utero, but the vascular sensitivity to stimulation of these neurones is reduced. Following chronic hypoxia in utero, as the rats approached middle age, they became hypertensive relative to normal rats. Thus, the present study has offered some mechanistic insight, which adds to a growing body of literature, and which may help to explain why babies born of sub-optimal pregnancies are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Morton-Brown, Marla Annette. "Physiology as performance : the impact of female body building on the natural attitude /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008399.
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Arburn, Theresa Morkovsky. "Assisting at-risk community college students' acquisition of critical thinking learning strategies in human anatomy and physiology /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Farrugia, Marie-Klaire. "Short-term fetal bladder outflow obstruction in the ovine model : bladder morphology, physiology and in-utero urodynamics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444296/.
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Aim: Previous work carried out at the Institute of Child Health revealed that in the fetal sheep, combined urethral and urachal occlusion initiated at 75 days gestation (full term = 145 days) and maintained for 30 days resulted in dilated, hypocontractile and hypercompliant bladders, associated with uniformly disrupted kidney development. The aim of this project was to create a less severe model of fetal bladder outlet obstruction, and to define the role of the urachus. This model would then be utilised to investigate the prenatal onset of obstructive bladder dysfunction by means of in-utero radiotelemetered urodynamics. We hypothesised that short-term obstruction would result in a thick-walled bladder with preserved contractility and compliance, and that urachal ligation alone would result in similar features.;Methods: Male fetal lambs were assigned to urachal ligation and partial urethral occlusion, urachal ligation only, or sham, groups. Histological analyses, filling cystometry and contractility studies were performed following nine days of obstruction. Natural-fill radiotelemetered urodynamics were performed on the urachal and urethral occlusion group.;Results: Nine days urachal and urethral occlusion from mid-gestation caused hydronephrosis and increased bladder weight, protein and DNA content. Detrusor smooth muscle architecture was maintained but urothelia were thickened and showed basal apoptosis. Bladder compliance, wall stress and contractility were not significantly deranged. The thickest, most compliant bladders were found to be associated with kidneys exhibiting glomerular cysts. Urachal obstruction alone also resulted in similar changes, suggesting that the male fetal lamb urethra is a high-resistance conduit at this gestation. Radiotelemetered urodynamics were only feasible in the obstructed group from 94 days gestation, and revealed the presence of early-onset hypercontractility. Fetal voids became increasingly frequent and prolonged, occurring at higher voiding pressures baseline filling pressures did not vary significantly over the nine-day period of observation.;Conclusion: Short-term fetal bladder outflow obstruction from mid-gestation generated thick-walled bladders without evidence of contractile failure these were associated with cystic kidneys. Detrusor hypercontractility and raised voiding pressures were observed within hours of obstruction, although filling pressures remained stable. Future work will investigate the effect of vesico-amniotic shunting on bladder function.
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Dolbier, Christyn Lisette. "Promoting challenge appraisals of stress : effects on reactivity, immunity, and health /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Burger, Robert Michael. "The functional role of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in acoustic processing." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3024455.
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Oyeniran, Clément. "Role de l’axe endothéline-1 et des map kinases dans la physiologie des leiomyomes utérins de rates." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T001/document.
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Nous montrons pour la première fois qu’en plus de la MAPK ERK1/2, l’endothéline-1 (ET-1) via les récepteurs ETA et ETB active une autre MAP kinase : la p38 uniquement dans les cellules de léiomyomes utérins de rate (ELT3) mais pas dans les cellules myométriales saines. Dans les cellules ELT3, l’analyse des voies de signalisation montre que malgré les similitudes observées entre les modes d’activation des voies p38 et ERK1/2 par ET-1, celles-ci sont activées de façon indépendante l’une de l’autre. En plus, la forskoline active p38 (mais pas ERK1/2), par contre l’activation de p38 par ET-1 n’implique pas une production d’AMPc. Par ailleurs ERK1/2 et p38 coactivées par ET-1 coopèrent pour augmenter l’expression de COX2 et la production des prostaglandines E2 (PGE2) pour favoriser l’effet antiapoptotique de ET-1. De plus p38 activée par ET-1 contribue à la prolifération des léiomyomes. Nos résultats élucident les mécanismes par lesquels ET-1 contribue à la croissance des léiomyomesWe demonstrated for the first time, that in addition to the MAPK ERK1/2, Endothelin-1 (ET-1) through ETA and ETB receptors activated another MAP kinase: p38 only in uterine leiomyoma cells (ELT3) but not in normal myometrial cells. In ELT3 cells, analysis of signaling pathways showed that, despite the similarities between the mechanisms involved in the activation of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways by ET-1, these kinases are activated independently one of another. In addition, forskolin (a cAMP inducer), activated p38 (but not ERK1/2), whereas the activation of p38 by ET-1 did not involve production cAMP. Moreover the coactivated ERK1/2 and p38 pathways by ET-1 cooperated to increase expression of COX2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. This PGE2 like ET-1 exerted an antiapoptotic effect in ELT3 cells. Furthermore, p38 activated by ET-1 contributes to the proliferation of ELT3 leiomyoma cells. Our data highlight the mechanisms by which ET-1 could promote uterine leiomyoma growth
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Gonzalez, Luis Javier. "Three-dimensional postural mechanics modeling of normal human subjects with nominal and asymmetric placement of the feet /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Wilke, Roger Russell. "The effect of active learning on college students' achievement, motivation, and self-efficacy in a human physiology course for non-majors /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992936.
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Hall, Courtney Dru. "Balance control in older adults : origins and characteristics of the compensatory step /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Bauer, Eric Edmond. "Responses of cells of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemmniscus to species-specific and other complex sounds." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035940.
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Khalil, Mohamad. "Une approche de la détection et de la classification dans les signaux non stationnaires : application à l'EGM uterin." Troyes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TROY0003.
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L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer au developpement de methodes de detection adaptees aux cas ou l'espace des hypotheses et le nombre des hypotheses a detecter ne sont que partiellement connus, en tenant compte du fait que la plupart des ruptures se traduisent par des modifications du contenu frequentiel et/ou de l'energie du signal. Le cadre applicatif global est la detection d'evenements dans le signal emg uterin, utilise pour la prevention des accouchements prematures. Le chapitre 1 est consacre a la presentation du signal emg uterin, son contenu, sa decomposition, sa variation en fonction du terme et d'une femme a l'autre. Dans le chapitre 2, deux approches de modelisation sont utilisees pour mettre en evidence le contenu frequentiel des evenements : la premiere est fondee sur une modelisation autoregressive, la deuxieme sur une decomposition en details utilisant les ondelettes. La detection et la classification sont appliquees ensuite sur ces modelisations une premiere approche de detection classique est presentee dans le chapitre 3. C'est une approche multi-hypotheses fondee sur le calcul de plusieurs sommes cumulees entre l'hypothese courante et toutes les hypotheses deja identifiees. Dans le chapitre 4, une deuxieme approche est proposee. Elle est fondee sur le calcul d'une seule somme cumulee dynamique entre deux hypotheses estimees avant et apres chaque instant t. Pour les deux methodes de detection des chapitres 3 et 4, une classification non supervisee est utilisee. Elle est fondee sur la comparaison de matrices de variance covariance calculees a partir des details ou sur la comparaison des modeles ar. Le chapitre 5 presente l'application et l'adaptation de ces methodes a l'emg uterin. Les classes fournies sont ensuite identifiees physiologiquement par reseau de neurones. Plus 80% des evenements sont bien detectes, classifies et identifies.
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Odet, Fanny. "Implication des sérine-protéases et des serpin dans la physiologie du testicule : incidence d'une exposition in utero aux dioxines sur la différenciation gonadique : définition des gènes ciblés." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10085.
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Le testicule est un tissu dynamique qui se caractérise par de multiples épisodes de migrations cellulaires et de restructurations tissulaires tout au long du développement et de la vie adulte. Ce projet s'est orienté sur le rôle des sérine-protéases et leurs inhibiteurs, les SERPIN, dans la physiologie testiculaire. Nous montrons que la SERPINA5 est exprimée à partir de 12,5 jpc dans les gonades mâles. Elle est localisée dans les cellules de Leydig et l'urokinase est une de ses protéases cibles. La SERPINA5 est aussi localisée dans les cellules germinales du testicule post-natal et adulte. Par ailleurs, nous démontrons que l'hormone trophique LH modifie l'activité protéolytique leydigienne, ce qui pourrait, en modulant l'espace extracellulaire, influer sur l'activité stéroïdogène de la cellule de Leydig. Nous avons également participé à une étude sur l'impact d'une exposition in utero aux dioxines sur l'acquisition de la fonction de reproduction chez le rat mâle
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Abdallah, Sonia. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les réponses à l'exposition in utero des cellules germinales aux bisphénols." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4019&f=26653.
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Au cours de ces dernières décennies, les anomalies liées à la fonction de reproduction ont vu leur incidence augmenter. Ces défauts seraient dus à l’exposition des organismes à une large panoplie de contaminants environnementaux tels que le bisphénol A (BPA). Les études expérimentales ont montré que le développement fœtal constitue une fenêtre d’exposition extrêmement sensible à ces substances. En effet, c’est au cours de cette période que s’effectue la mise en place de la lignée germinale ainsi que sa différenciation. Ainsi, des mécanismes moléculaires complexes et hautement régulés entrent en jeu afin de faire d’une cellule précurseur non fonctionnelle une cellule germinale qui se différencie pour former un gamète haploïde hautement spécialisé. Chez la femelle, une des premières illustrations de cette différenciation germinale est l’initiation de la première division de méiose (méiose I) pendant la vie fœtale conduisant à l’obtention d’un ovocyte haploïde et fécondable à l’âge adulte. La prophase I de méiose (initiation et progression) est une période d’extrême sensibilité aux contaminants environnementaux tels que le bisphénol A (BPA) induisant des défauts irréversibles à l’âge adulte. Au regard de sa reprotoxicité, l’utilisation du BPA a été récemment interdite dans les contenants alimentaires. Toutefois, nous restons exposés à d’autres analogues structuraux dont on ignore tout de leur toxicité sur les cellules germinales. Ainsi, le but de ce travail est d’explorer les effets d’une exposition fœtale à deux bisphénols, le BADGE et le BPAF sur les cellules germinales de mammifères, en particulier sur les ovocytes et leurs précurseurs, mais également de comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu.Pour cela, nous avons exposé des souris gestantes aux bisphénols dans l’eau de boisson pendant la seconde moitié de la gestation. L’analyse des ovaires montre que l'exposition aux bisphénols induit une déplétion ovocytaire, une formation de follicules multiovocytaires et augmente les taux d'ovocytes aneuploïdes et de chiasmas. Comme le BPA, le BADGE et le BPAF provoquent des défauts méiotiques tels qu'un retard de l'initiation et la progression en méiose. Ceci est également observé dans l'ovaire fœtal humain, étudié grâce au modèle de xénogreffe de gonades fœtales humaines développé par notre laboratoire et qui permet une exposition à long terme aux bisphénols. Les cellules germinales mâles présentent de même un délai de différenciation caractérisé par un retard d’entrée en phase de quiescence.Ces retards semblent être corrélés à l'altération de l'expression et/ou de l'épissage d’ARNm de gènes méiotiques au début du programme méiotique. Ces défauts semblent être dus à des dommages oxydatifs de l'ADN induits par les bisphénols dans les cellules précurseurs. De même, nous avons observé qu'en l'absence d'OGG1, une ADN glycosylase impliquée dans la réparation de la 8-oxoguanine, la phase de différenciation est retardée quel que soit le sexe.Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats montrent que l'exposition fœtale aux bisphénols altère les fonctions reproductrices à l'âge adulte, probablement en raison de la génération de stress oxydant dans les cellules germinalesIn recent decades, the incidence of reproductive function abnormalities has increased. These defects are believed to be due to the exposure of organisms to a wide range of environmental contaminants such as bisphenol A (BPA). Experimental studies have shown that fetal development is a highly sensitive window to the exposure to these substances. Indeed, it is during this period that the germ line is set up and differentiated. Thus, complex and highly regulated molecular mechanisms come into play in order to transform a non-functional precursor cell into a germ cell that differentiates into a highly specialized haploid gamete. In females, one of the first illustrations of this germline differentiation is the initiation of the first division of meiosis (meiosis I) during fetal life leading to the production of a haploid and fertilizable oocyte in adulthood. Prophase I of meiosis (initiation and progression) is a period of extreme sensitivity to environmental contaminants such as bisphenol A (BPA) leading to irreversible defects in adulthood. Regarding the reprotoxicity of BPA, it has recently been banned from food containers. However, we remain exposed to other structural analogues whose germ cell is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this work is to explore the effects of fetal exposure to two bisphenols, BADGE and BPAF, on mammalian germ cells, particularly on oocytes and their precursors, but also to understand the mechanisms involved in the response to exposure. To do this, we exposed pregnant mice to bisphenols in drinking water during the second half of gestation. Ovarian analysis shows that exposure to bisphenols induces oocyte depletion, formation of multiovocyte follicles and increases aneuploid oocyte and chiasmas levels. Like BPA, BADGE and BPAF cause meiotic defects such as delayed initiation and progression to meiosis. This is also observed in the human fetal ovary studied using the human fetal gonad xenograft model developed by our laboratory, which allows long-term exposure to bisphenols. Male germ cells also have a differentiation time delay characterized by a delay in entering the quiescence phase.These delays appear to be correlated with the alteration of expression and/or mRNA splicing of meiotic genes at the beginning of the meiotic program. These defects seem to be the consequence of oxidative DNA damage induced by bisphenols in precursor germ cells. Similarly, we have observed that in the absence of OGG1, a DNA glycosylase involved in the repair of 8-oxoguanine, the differentiation phase is delayed regardless of gender.All in all, these results provide further proof that fetal exposure to bisphenols impairs reproductive functions at adulthood, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress generation in germ cells
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Burke, Joan M. "Altered ovarian and uterine function in response to intravascular infusion of long chain fatty acids in nonpregnant ewes." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34926.
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"Regulatory mechanisms governing fluid formation in mouse uterus: role of endometrial ion channels, transporters and their interactions." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073419.
Full textAbstract:
Wang Xiaofei."June 2002."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-167).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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Alders, R. G. "Immunobiology of utero-ovarian peripheral lymph in sheep." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141206.
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Sexson, Clinton. "Effects of alfalfa on uterine growth of ovariectomized prepubertal ewe lambs." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31127.
Full textAbstract:
Alfalfa accumulates phytoestrogens and when ingested binds the estrogen
receptor and induces morphological changes similar to endogenous estrogens. The
objective of this study is to evaluate morphological changes in uteri, vulva, and
teats of ovariectomized prepubertal ewe lambs. Eighteen prepubertal ewe lambs
were ovariectomized in November 2000 and fed nonestrogenic hay until May 2001.
In May, ewes were fed bentgrass straw and cottonseed meal. On day 0 of a 12-day
feed trial, ewes were assigned randomly to three treatments (n=6 in each
treatment): Estradiol, Control, and Alfalfa. Estradiol treated ewes were fed
bentgrass straw and cottonseed meal ad libitum, plus receiving a daily injection of
10 mg estradiol-17�� suspended in corn oil. Control ewes were fed bentgrass straw
and cottonseed meal ad libitum and received a daily injection of corn oil vehicle.
Alfalfa ewes were fed alfalfa ad libitum and received a daily injection of corn oil
vehicle. Three blinded observers assigned each ewe a subjective score ranging
from 1 (no change) to 4 (significant change) for vulva and teat morphology on
Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. Teat length and circumference were measured on Days
1, 7 and 12. Ewes were slaughtered on Day 13, uteri were weighed, and a cross-section
was collected from each uterine horn. Cross-sections were fixed in Lillie's
Neutral Buffered Formalin and embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 4-5 ��m, and
stained with hematoxylin and eosin. An ocular micrometer was used to measure
luminal epithelial cell height. Estradiol treated ewes had heavier (p<0.05) uterine
weights and greater (p<0.05) uterine luminal epithelial cell height than that of ewes
fed alfalfa or control ewes. Uterine weights and uterine luminal epithelial cell
height were greater (p<0.05) in alfalfa fed ewes than control ewes. Vulva scores
for estradiol treated ewes were higher than those of control ewes (p<0.05). Alfalfa
fed ewes had numerically higher vulva scores than control ewes but the difference
was not significant statistically (p>0.05). Teat scores or measurements showed no
differences (p>0.05) among treatments. Ewes exhibited slight changes in vulva
scores due to treatment, but the most noted effects were observed in uterine growth.
This research suggests that uterine weight and uterine luminal epithelial cell height
are sensitive to the estrogenic activity of alfalfa and estradiol-17 resulting in
morphological changes in estrogen target tissues in the prepubertal ewe lamb.Graduation date: 2003
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Gibbs, Bryce Neil. "Overgeneral cognitive style the impact on physical and emotional adjustment to life stress /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3101211.
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Few, William Preston. "Regulation of electrical excitability individual, gender and hormonally-induced variation in potassium channel expression in the electric organ /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3120295.
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Tang, Wen-tzu. "Relationships among arm strength, wrist release, and joint torques during the golf downswing." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3106603.
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Thorn, Patti Marie. "Bridging the gap between what is praised and what is practiced supporting the work of change as anatomy & physiology instructors introduce active learning into their undergraduate classroom /." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116205.
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Fogt, Donovan Laird. "Effects of overexpressed, constitutively-active glycogen synthase on whole body glucose tolerance and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110608.
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Laslo-Baker, Dionne. "Child Neurodevelopment following In Utero Exposure to Organic Solvents." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34778.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Many women of reproductive age are employed in industries involving exposure to organic solvents. Animal toxicological studies and human case reports demonstrate that exposure to organic solvents can cause neuropsychological deficits in exposed offspring; however, there is limited data from prospective controlled human studies.
OBJECTIVE: To compare neuropsychological functioning between children whose mothers were occupationally exposed to organic solvents during pregnancy with a non-exposed matched comparison group.
METHODS: Participants were 48 women who had previously contacted the Motherisk Program in Toronto, Canada during pregnancy regarding occupational exposure to organic solvents and a matched comparison group of women with no known exposure to teratogens during pregnancy. Children (18 months to 8 years 11 months at time of study) were compared in areas of cognitive, language, motor, and behavioral functioning.
RESULTS: Children whose mothers were exposed to organic solvents during pregnancy displayed a lower level of functioning when compared with their matched peers in areas of cognitive, language, motor, and behavioral domains. Although the scores on measures of behavioral functioning were not in the clinical range, the mothers of exposed children reported more challenging behavioral problems.
In order to determine whether exposure predicted neuropsychological outcomes above and beyond maternal intellectual functioning, hierarchical regressions were run with maternal IQ and maternal education at Step 1and exposure status added at Step 2. In utero exposure to organic solvents predicted lower sores on global measures of Verbal IQ, receptive and expressive language scales above and beyond maternal intellectual functioning. Factors associated with higher levels of exposure (detecting odor, longer duration and total number of toxicity symptoms) was associated with poorer outcome on behavioral and motor functioning tests.
CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that the exposed mothers experienced minimal symptoms of toxicity, detrimental effects were still evident in their offspring. Current safety standards for exposure were designed for adults and need to be reevaluated. Further studies addressing exposure to specific organic solvents, dose, and gestational timing of exposure are warranted.
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Lukhele, Sindiswa Thandeka. "Crude extracts of solvents isolated from cannabis sativa plant extracts inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20361.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science.
December 2015Cervical cancer remains a global health related issue among females of Sub-Saharan Africa, with over half a million new cases reported each year. Different therapeutic regimens have been suggested in various regions of Africa, however, over a quarter of a million women die of cervical cancer, annually. This makes it the most lethal cancer amongst black women in this area, and makes it important to search for new effective therapeutic drugs through screening of medicinal plant extracts used by many in Sub-Saharan Africa as potential anti-cervical cancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative effects of Cannabis sativa extracts and its isolate, cannabidiol on cervical cancer cell lines HeLa, SiHa, and ME-180. To achieve our aim, phytochemical screening, MTT assay, cell growth analysis, flow cytometry, morphology analysis, Western blot, caspase 3/7 assay, and ATP measurement assay were conducted were conducted. Results obtained indicate that both plant extracts induced cell death at an IC50 of 50 – 100μg/ml and the Inhibition of cell growth was cell line dependent. Flow cytometry confirmed that, with or without cell cycle arrest, the type of induced cell death was apoptosis. Cannabis sativa extracts led to the up-regulation of apoptosis proteins (p53, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9) and the down regulation of anti-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2 and RBBP6), signalling the execution of apoptosis. Apoptosis induction was further confirmed by morphological changes, an increase in Caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the ATP levels. In conclusion, this data implies Cannabis sativa crude extracts has the potential to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines, which may be due to the presence of cannabidiol. Key words: Apoptosis, cervical cancer cells, cannabidiol, and Cannabis sativa extracts