Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Utilisation limitée'
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Awal, Mohammad Abdul, and Mohammad Abdul Awal. "Efficient cqi feedback resource utilisation for multi-user multi-carrier wireless systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636659.
Full textAwal, Mohammad abdul. "Efficient cqi feedback resource utilisation for multi-user multi-carrier wireless systems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112223/document.
Full textOrthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology has been adopted by 4th generation (a.k.a. 4G) telecommunication systems to achieve high system spectral efficiency. A crucial research issue is how to design adaptive channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback mechanisms so that the base station can use adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques to adjust its data rate based on the channel condition. This problem is even more challenging in resource-limited and heterogeneous multiuser environments such as Mobile WiMAX, Long-term Evolution (LTE) networks. In this thesis, we consider CQI feedback resource allocation issue for multiuser multicarrier OFDMA systems. We exploit time-domain correlation for CQI prediction and cross-layer information to reduce feedback overhead for OFDMA systems. Our aim is find resource allocation schemes respecting the users QoS constraints.Our study begins with proposing prediction based feedback (PBF) which allows the base station to predict the CQI feedbacks based on recursive least-square (RLS) algorithm. We showed that it is useful to use channel prediction as a tool to reduce the feedback overhead and improve the uplink throughput. Then, we propose an opportunistic periodic feedback mechanism to mitigate the possible under and over estimation effects of CQI prediction. In this mechanism, we exploited the cross-layer information to enhance the performance of periodic feedback mechanisms. The opportunistic mechanism improves the system performance for high mobility cases compared to low mobility cases.For OFDMA systems with limited feedback resource, we propose an integrated cross-layer framework of feedback resource allocation and prediction (FEREP). The proposed framework, implemented at the BS side, is composed of three modules. The feedback window adaptation (FWA) module dynamically tunes the feedback window size for each mobile station based on the received ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) messages that reflect the current channel condition. The priority-based feedback scheduling (PBFS) module then performs feedback allocation by taking into account the feedback window size, the user profile and the total system feedback budget. To choose adapted modulation and coding schemes (MCS), the prediction based feedback (PBF) module performs channel prediction by using recursive least square (RLS) algorithm for the user whose channel feedback has not been granted for schedule in current frame. Through extensive simulations, the proposed framework shows significant performance gain especially under stringent feedback budget constraint.ARQ protocol receives users acknowledgement only if the user is scheduled in the downlink. The reduction in users scheduling frequency also reduces the rate of ARQ hints and degrades the performance of above contributions. In this case, it is difficult to exploit the ARQ signal to adapt the feedback window for that user. To address this issue, we propose a cross-layer dynamic CQI resource allocation (DCRA) algorithm for multiuser multicarrier OFDMA systems. DCRA uses two modes for feedback window estimation. The first one is an off-line mode based on empirical studies to derive optimal average feedback window based on user application and mobility profile. Our experimental analysis shows that the feedback window can be averaged according to users service class and their mobility profile for a given cell environment. DCRA performs a realtime dynamic window adaptation if sufficient cross-layer hints are available from ARQ signaling. DCRA increases uplink resource by reducing feedback overhead without degrading downlink throughout significantly compared to deterministic feedback scheduling (DFS) and opportunistic feedback scheduling (OFS). From the users perspective, DCRA improves QoS constraints like packet loss rate and saves users power due to feedback reduction
Teller, David. "Ressources limitées pour la mobilité : utilisation, réutilisation, garanties." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011239.
Full textWintenberger, Olivier. "Utilisation des notions de dépendance faible en statistique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160702.
Full textBoukef, Nabila. "Utilisation du courrier électronique dans l'activité managériale : usages, intérêts et limites." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090026.
Full textWith the increasing use of information technologies, we may wonder about changes they are likely to produce in terms of management. Our research deals with the use of the electronic mail and its perceived outcomes in managerial activities. Our qualitative methodology is based on a dual approach. After a first series of 40 interviews made with 28 companies, a case study was conducted. The study was carried out in three sites. On the whole, 74 managers constitute our sample. Our results are consistent with the emergent perspective which is our framework. The use of the electronic mail may have unintended outcomes. It even may be constraining in global managerial perspective. Contrary to what is generally expected, the electronic mail use may strengthen the role of hierarchy. Three forms of outcomes were identified depending on the context (inertia, reinforcement and change). We highlight the local management's role to support change
Bordignon, Mélanie. "Limites d'utilisation des revêtements d'étain en connectique automobile." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460544.
Full textN'Dion, Pierre. "Territoires et communautés de Brazzaville : les limites de l'aménagement des villes d'Afrique tropicale." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010556.
Full textStudying territoires of tropical african cities can be carried out with the ambition to justify the necessary complementary between fundamental and applied research with a view of urban territoires management. As regards brazzaville, the capital city of the congo, the description and analysis of the land (part one) sketch up an evaluation of the urban policies which have been implemented for one and a half century by colonial administrations first, and later on by nationals. The country's history and geography, the social practices have shaped the city, urban communities' consciousness and sociology. Yet, new districts creation logics, urban strategies, production of inhabited spaces, migrations and inter-urban residential mobility mechanisms originate from a general mutation of social formation (part two). But this mutation of urban society, endlessly influenced by social, political and economic stakes, amplified by cultural external factors does not follow a space organization and territory social functioning dynamics which comply with the official urban project. Planning stands then as a requirement and a necessity in the research of solutions to city manage:ent and control of urban space expansion. The objective is a harmonious integration of urban territories functioning in the national territory development schema (part three). For tropical cities development options to be operational, they must rest on a thorough
Ben, Moussa Abdelilah. "Incorporation de cations métalliques dans les protéines, utilisation des dérivés de l'acide iminodiacétique, limites et perspectives." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595927s.
Full textBEN, MOUSSA ABDELILAH. "Incorporation dans les proteines de cations metalliques : utilisation des derives de l'acide iminodiacetique, limites et perspectives." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066385.
Full textLaperrière, Wendy. "Évaluation des limites d'un digesteur biogaz pour une utilisation flexible dans un réseau local de production d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT068/document.
Full textWith the increasing share of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mix, some stability problems are expected in the grid. The solution consists in using biogas as buffer energy. Biogas can be stored, then used on-demand. As the storage is limited, biogas production should be flexible. The aim of this thesis was to study and determine the limits of anaerobic reactors in a flexible operation. Three 15L reactors, fed with three different mixtures of two solid substrates, were fed for 550 days in flexible operation. It was demonstrated in this thesis that flexible operation with one-off overloads had no negative impact on methane production on long-term. The flexibility was defined as the margin between the maximum production on a reactor and its baseload production. It was strongly influenced by the baseload of the reactor and the substrates used in overloads, but not by the intensity of the overloads applied. The use of readily degradable substrates in overloads allowed a maximum production of 1 to 1.2 LCH4/Lreactor.d to be achieved in the first 24 hours, even in reactors fed mainly with manure, leading to flexibility ranging from +92 to + 150%. This ceiling depends on the rate of hydrolysis of the substrates. It can be increased by using compounds that are of a simpler structure (glycerol for example). An operational strategy ready to be validated on pilot plants has been defined; it specifies the approach for the determination of the maximum production and the level of the baseload to be adopted, for an optimal flexibilization of the methane production on CSTRs. A simple model, based on two degradation rates, has also been developed to simulate flexible operation of anaerobic reactors
Bui, Xuan Thanh. "Utilisation de matrices agro-alimentaires comme indicateurs de pollutions environnementales : exemple du lait." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003800.
Full textGirard-Ardhuin, Fanny. "Utilisation d'un radar UHF RASS pour l'étude de la couche limite atmosphérique en vue d'une application à la pollution atmosphérique." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30092.
Full textHachette, Rémy. "Réduction de modèle thermique par identification : utilisation pour des conditions aux limites variables, couplage à un modèle détaillé." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11048.
Full textCailhol, Lionel. "Facteurs de soins prédictifs du devenir des patients avec trouble de personnalité borderline." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066245.
Full textLAIR, PATRICK. "Identification des conditions aux limites thermiques par utilisation d'une methode inverse non lineaire de conduction de la chaleur : application au matricage." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0030.
Full textSouchon, Jean-Louis. "Indices de gravité dans un service de réanimation : intérêt et limite de leur utilisation : bilan de l'année 1988 au D.A.R. "B" /par Jean-Louis Souchon." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11034.
Full textVranken, Isabelle. "Quantifying landscape anthropisation patterns: concepts, methods and limits." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209128.
Full textenvironment has kept on growing so that little or no ecosystem in the world is now
considered as untouched. This induces pressures on ecosystem health and land scarcity.
Africa is of particular concern because it still presents broad undisturbed zones and
key ecosystem services, despite being submitted to increasing anthropogenic pressures.
Landscape ecology appears suitable for the study of such phenomena, thanks to its spacebased
integrative nature and geographical level of focus. It studies the impact of spatial
pattern transformation — especially heterogeneity and its components — on ecological
processes and provides powerful analytical tools of landscape anthropisation.
The main objective of this thesis is to organise the concepts and methods, from
landscape ecology and related disciplines, into a consistent logic, to pinpoint missing
analytical frameworks for response-oriented anthropisation assessment, and to apply them
to African cases to explore the spatial patterns of anthropisation. In order to address
landscape anthropisation, we assemble diverse disciplines into a logical network (DPSIR).
The new theoretical framework is tested on Lubumbashi (DRC). In order to address
spatial patterns, we first evaluate the thermodynamic connection of the term entropy in
landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity, unpredictability and scale influence. Then, based
on 20 landscapes, we highlight the complex relationship between spatial heterogeneity
and landscape anthropisation. We finally use the modelled relationships to test the
anthropogenic origin of the spatial pattern of a land cover class in Lubumbashi.
The main results of this research show that several concepts are used to describe different
aspects of anthropisation and that its quantification strongly depends on the reference states.
Data formats can be combined into a new assessment method ensuring more precision
and comparability, but a good field knowledge is required. As for heterogeneity, the
existing definitions of landscape entropy follow the logic of thermodynamics or information
theory, that are not compatible. Only unpredictability could be properly interpreted in
thermodynamic terms if energy transfer measurements were performed at the appropriate
level. The anthropogenic effects on heterogeneity completely diverge depending on the
amount of already anthropised surface, on the land cover type (natural or anthropogenic),
and on the heterogeneity components.
The aforementioned findings could be adapted to include functional aspects and
better address the relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes. Such
integration would help designing response actions that can recommend human activities
and spatial patterns that could optimise the use of land to ensure ecological functioning
while supporting human development. /
L’influence croissante de l’homme sur son environnement affecte désormais le monde
entier, ce qui induit des pressions sur la santé des écosystèmes et raréfie les ressources
en terres. L’Afrique présente un intérêt particulier à cet égard car elle contient de vastes
zones quasi vierges et fournit des services écosystémiques importants mais est soumise
à des pressions anthropiques croissantes. L’écologie du paysage étudie ces phénomènes
de façon intégrative au moyen de sa composante spatiale et de son échelle d’intérêt. Elle
étudie l’impact des transformations de la structure spatiale — en particulier l’hétérogénéité
et ses différentes composantes—sur les processus écologiques et fournit de puissants outils
analytiques de l’anthropisation.
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’organiser les concepts et méthodes de différentes disciplines
de façon à mettre en évidence leurs forces et faiblesses pour proposer une nouvelle
quantification de l’anthropisation, orientée vers la gestion, et de la tester sur des paysages
africains pour examiner la structure spatiale de l’anthropisation. Le DPSIR est utilisé pour
assembler les différents concepts. La nouvelle méthodologie est testée sur Lubumbashi
(RDC). Ensuite, le lien entre la thermodynamique et l’utilisation du terme entropie en
écologie du paysage est examiné. Vingt paysages servent alors à mettre en évidence la
complexité de l’impact de l’anthropisation sur l’hétérogénéité du paysage. Enfin, cette
modélisation sert à mettre en évidence l’origine anthropique de la structure spatiale d’une
classe d’occupation du sol à Lubumbashi.
Les résultats principaux de cette recherche sont que pléthore de termes sont utilisés
pour représenter différents aspects de l’anthropisation et que sa quantification dépend de
la définition d’états de référence. Cependant, la combinaison de différents formats de
données peut aboutir à une nouvelle méthodologie plus précise et adaptable, mais cela
nécessite une bonne connaissance de terrain. Les définitions de l’entropie dépendent soit de
la thermodynamique soit de la théorie de l’information, qui ne sont pas compatibles. Seule
l’imprévisibilité pourrait être interprétée thermodynamiquement, si les mesures de transfert
d’énergie étaient effectuées à l’échelle appropriée. L’impact humain sur l’hétérogénéité
diverge selon la quantité de surface déjà anthropisée, le type de couverture du sol pris en
compte ainsi que les composantes de l’hétérogénéité mesurées.
Ces découvertes peuvent être adaptées pour intégrer des aspects fonctionnels de la
structure spatiale et mieux cerner le lien entre celle-ci et le fonctionnement écologique, ce qui
permettrait de proposer des activités humaines et des structures spatiales qui optimiseraient
l’utilisation des ressources en sol pour assurer tant le fonctionnement écologique que le
développement humain.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Karpe, Patrick. "Contribution à l'amélioration des limites de détection des micro-polluants présents dans les eaux par utilisation d'une colonne pulsée d'extraction liquide-liquide application aux dosages chromatographiques des pesticides organo-chlorés /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606343x.
Full textKarpe, Patrick. "Contribution à l'amélioration des limites de détection des micro-polluants présents dans les eaux par utilisation d'une colonne pulsée d'extraction liquide-liquide : application aux dosages chromatographiques des pesticides organo-chlorés." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20247.
Full textTerrat, Hélène. "Apports et limites des TICE dans les apprentissages de la langue chez les élèves handicapés moteurs présentant des troubles associés : utilisation des traces numériques pour favoriser l'apprentissage de la langue écrite." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20039.
Full textIn our time, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become all-pervading in our daily life and allows disabled children more access to the school system, while at the same time drastically changing the way we define the identity and missions of such institution s: ICT tools therefore lead us to question the very foundations of learning and teaching, especially as regards linguistic skills.This study offers a few perspectives on these tools and the possibilities they entail, in order to improve both the assessment of the needs of children with motor disability and associated disorders, in terms of self-esteem, success and autonomy, and the identification and development of strategies for these pupils. Our study first describes, from an ethnographical point of view, the observation and analysis of three videos by three pupils engaged in a course of learning via a digital tracer tool designed especially for the experiment, and the reflexive feedback derived from the traces that were produced. The study then goes on to analyze the results of a survey done with specialized teachers who used our digital tool with a hundred handicapped children. The survey questions users about our initial hypotheses concerning auditory and visual traces, and the tool’s contribution to the development of phonological, morphological and syntactical consciousness, as well as the emergence of metacognition, in order to confirm or disconfirm our observations on the case of the three children mentioned above. For these children with motor disability associated with severe sensory disabilities (linguistic, mnemonic, attention-related) we have privileged, in this tool, vocal feedback as auditory trace, personalization and registering of the work environment, increased reflexivity in the form of a dynamic visual feedback on every action of the child with the help of a “tracer” module, and recording of all events of the history likely to be replayed after the event in a “film” module. A tool used as a means of schooling and learning, Pictop is intended, first and foremost, as an aid to the development of thought contents. This study offers perspectives on new uses of digital traces as an instrument learning and autonomy, especially important for handicapped children, but probably useful to other pupils as well
Blangero, Yoann. "Méthodologie de l’évaluation des biomarqueurs prédictifs quantitatifs et de la détermination d’un seuil pour leur utilisation en médecine personnalisée." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1125/document.
Full textIn France, the cancer research is a major public health issue. The number of new cancer cases nearly doubled between 1980 and 2012. The heterogeneity of the tumor characteristics, for a given cancer, presents a great challenge in the research of new effective treatments. In this context, much hope is placed in the research of predictive (or treatment selection) biomarkers that reflect the patients’ characteristics in order to guide treatment choice. For example, in the metastatic colorectal cancer setting, it is admitted that the addition of cetuximab (an anti-EGFR) to classical chemotherapy (the FOLFOX4), only improve the outcome of patients with KRAS wild-type tumors. In that context, the KRAS gene is a binary treatment selection marker, but plenty of biomarkers result from some quantifications or dosage measurements. The first aim of this thesis is to quantify the global treatment selection ability of a biomarker. After a review of the existing litterature, a method based on an extension of ROC curves is proposed and compared to existing methods. Its main advantage is that it is non-parametric, and that it does not depend on the mean risk of event in each treatment arm. In a second time, when a quantitative treatment selection biomarker is assessed, there is a need to estimate a marker thereshold value above which one treatment is preferred, and below which the other treatment is recommended. An approach that relies on the definition of a utility function is proposed in order to take into account both efficacy and toxicity of treatments when estimating the optimal threshold. A Bayesian method for the estimation of the optimal threshold is proposed
Cautenet, Guy. "Possibilites et limites d'utilisation de l'equation du bilan d'energie pour la determination des echanges au sol en zone tropicale avec des donnees de routine." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E392.
Full textThevenot, Gaël. "De la prévention des risques au changement des pratiques agricoles : les limites du droit de la protection phytosanitaire." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0040/document.
Full textPlant protection products, also known as pesticides, are used to fight against offensive organisms on plants. By doing so, they also guarantee crop yield and food supplying. French legal framework has been genuinely built to ensure market efficiency to these products even before trying to limit their impact on health and environment. With the community thematic strategy on sustainable use of pesticides, its objective gets more aspiring as it now concerns the reduction of farming dependency on pesticides. But more than reducing the use of these products, it becomes necessary to implement new practices. Moreover, new agronomical methods have to be set up against pest emergence and its uncontrolled growth. Although market rules on plant protection products, which are in the core of the legal package, do lower the risk on health and environment, they hardly reach this goal. It is the same analysis with the yet promising legal framework on pesticides use. Calling on the entire resources of agricultural law becomes necessary in order to redirect farming practises. In spite of the help from both market instruments and the very structuring framework of the common agricultural policy, the growing integration of health and environmental concern stays at an unsufficient level to substantially change these practices
Chau, Xien Ban. "Modélisation numérique du comportement des ouvrages en terre par la méthode des éléments finis : utilisation de la loi incrementale non lineaire de darve dans le code par elements finis gefdyn." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0139.
Full textTexereau, Jacques. "Optimisation des silos en beton arme." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2279.
Full textBodin, Jeanne. "Observed changes in mountain vegetation of the Alps during the XXth century - Role of climate and land-use changes." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592144.
Full textChemaly, Joumana. "La preservation d'une gare historique et la perspective de l'usager." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18391.
Full textContemporary theories of conservation, urban planning and architecture all work together to integrate citizen participation into their processes, with a view to sustainable development. Several issues influence decisions regarding the fate of abandoned train stations. This study attempts to clarify the impact of some of these issues such as what are the new uses that give the station its new "life", what is the architecture of the station itself and how it will be treated or modified, the space of the station and its transformation and ultimately the appropriation of this space by the citizens. The methodological approach that is chosen is qualitative and combines content analysis and case study methodologies. The case study chosen is of Westmount station in Westmount, Quebec, Canada, it is examined in comparison with the case of Orsay station transformed into the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France. The views of users are explored to comprehend how they understand the space of the station, how they might react in case its architecture remains intact and a new use is granted to it, and in case the interior and/or exterior architecture is modified by adding contemporary structures to accommodate one or more new uses. Comparing the results of the Musée d'Orsay and Westmount station helped to better understand the context and its political/economic, heritage/sustainability and social/spatial variables. While divided, many participants expressed various and rich opinions. These included having a mix of historic architecture and contemporary architecture to favour the preservation of the historic sections by updating the building and its facilities and extending their use. However, this could not materialize without the fulfillment of certain conditions, including political/economic support from the city, a contemporary architecture that is uncluttered, simple or an architecture that mimics existing architecture, and finally the appropriation of space by users. This appropriation seems to depend on the final architecture and its harmonization with the existing architecture. Users seem to appropriate more the space of the station, with or without a new structure, especially if there is participation on their part in the process of rehabilitation. Giving a voice to users and their suggestions is important as they would "inhabit" better the space if they participate in the project. In addition, recommendations on conservation, especially that some changes could occur, more specifically in terms of the mix of historic architecture and contemporary architecture, are to be considered.
Hoareau, Johan. "Utilisation d'une approche couplée hydrogéophysique pour l'étude des aquifères - Applications aux contextes de socle et côtier sableux." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470297.
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