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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Utilitarianism

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Academic literature on the topic 'Utilitarianism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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LANG, GERALD. "Should Utilitarianism Be Scalar?" Utilitas 25, no. 1 (March 2013): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820812000295.

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Scalar utilitarianism, a form of utilitarianism advocated by Alastair Norcross, retains utilitarianism's evaluative commitments while dispensing with utilitarianism's deontic commitments, or its commitment to the existence or significance of moral duties, obligations and requirements. This article disputes the effectiveness of the arguments that have been used to defend scalar utilitarianism. It is contended that Norcross's central ‘Persuasion Argument’ does not succeed, and it is suggested, more positively, that utilitarians cannot easily distance themselves from deontic assessment, just as long as scalar utilitarians admit – as they should do – that utilitarian evaluation generates normative reasons for action.

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Tobia, Kevin Patrick. "A DEFENSE OF SCALAR UTILITARIANISM." American Philosophical Quarterly 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44982144.

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Abstract Scalar Utilitarianism eschews foundational notions of rightness and wrongness in favor of evaluative comparisons of outcomes. I defend Scalar Utilitarianism from two critiques, the first against an argument for the thesis that Utilitarianism’s commitments are fundamentally evaluative (or Scalar), and the second that Scalar Utilitarianism does not issue demands or sufficiently guide action. These defenses suggest a variety of more plausible Scalar Utilitarian interpretations, and I argue for a version that best represents a moral theory founded on evaluative notions, and offers better answers to demandingness concerns than does the ordinary Scalar Utilitarian response. If Utilitarians seek reasonable development and explanation of their basic commitments, they may wish to reconsider Scalar Utilitarianism.

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Smart, J. J. C. "Utilitarianism and Punishment." Israel Law Review 25, no. 3-4 (1991): 360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010475.

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Utilitarianism is the view that the rightness of an action depends entirely on expected utility, that is on the sum of the utilities of its consequences weighted by their various probabilities. I shall distinguish two forms of utilitarianism: hedonistic utilitarianism and preference utilitarianism. In hedonistic utilitarianism it is just a matter of pleasure and its opposite, unpleasure. Often utilitarians have used ‘pain’ instead of ‘unpleasure’, but this has the disadvantage that ‘pain’ can suggest ‘a pain’, and ‘a pain’ is not the opposite of ‘a pleasure’. If I annoy you I give you the opposite of pleasure but I do not necessarily give you a pain. In preference utilitarianism we take value to be satisfaction of desires or preferences. It is a difficult theory to work out in so far as we have to take ‘preference’ here to be intrinsic preference, and so need a clear distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic preferences.

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Sun, Ruanzhengqi. "The Influences of Utilitarianism on Rawls Theory of Justice." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 39, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/39/20240663.

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Concerning political philosophy during the second half of the 20th century, Rawls theory of justice stands out, particularly in its critique of utilitarianism. The currency of utilitarianism deeply influences the emergence of Rawls veil of ignorance and two principles of justice. Classical utilitarianism provides Rawls with a theoretical framework, informing him with the importance of predominant criteria to govern a society. While the fact remains that the impairment of individual rights, which is inherited in classical utilitarianism for maximizing the collective welfare, has long been denounced by liberals. To address this, Rawls introduces the social contract theory, arguing for the priority of the right over the good. Whereas the prevalent of average utilitarianism brought Rawls to notice with shortcomings among the traditional version of social contract. By applying the veil of ignorance as an approach of justification, Rawls refutes two premises of average utilitarianism, which are the law of insufficient reason and the analogous preferences of social members. This lays a foundation for his two principles of justice, the greatest equal liberty principle and the difference principle. Justice as fairness incorporates the merits of utilitarianism, providing liberalism with a constructive force, concurrently elucidating the defects of utilitarianism. Accordingly, Rawls argument effectively challenges utilitarianism, coupled with failings of utilitarians to deal persuasive counterattacks, as a consequence, bringing a shift of the dominant in political philosophy from utilitarianism towards liberalism.

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Antunes, Teresa. "“Push Pin” ou Poesia ? O Problema da Distinção Qualitativa dos Valores no Utilitarismo." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 13, no. 25 (2005): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica200513257.

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The purpose of this paper is to present the classical problem of knowing if utilitarianism can admit a qualitatively distinction of pleasures or interests, introduced by John Stuart Mill, besides the quantitatively distinction supported by Jeremy Bentham. Moreover, it tries to clarify if the quantity theory of values is consistent with utilitarianism and, even so, if its acceptance does not prevent utilitarians from condemning elitism and speciesist prejudice, as many of them actually do. The claim, here, is that utilitarians can probably still hold that condemnation.

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Porter, Jean. "Christianity, Divine Law and Consequentialism." Scottish Journal of Theology 48, no. 4 (November 1995): 415–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600036346.

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In 1971 John Rawls remarked that ‘During much of modern moral philosophy the predominant systematic theory has been some form of utilitarianism.’ Although utilitarianism is no longer the dominant school of moral philosophy, it continues to flourish, generating new defenses and reformulations. Yet with the notable exception of Joseph Fletcher, there have been very few Christian ethicistswho have been prepared to declare themselves to be utilitarians or consequentialists.

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Caillé, Alain. "Utilitarianism and Anti-Utilitarianism." Thesis Eleven 33, no. 1 (August 1992): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/072551369203300103.

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TÄNNSJÖ, TORBJÖRN. "Egalitarianism and the Putative Paradoxes of Population Ethics." Utilitas 20, no. 2 (June 2008): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820808002987.

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The repugnant conclusion is acceptable from the point of view of total utilitarianism. Total utilitarians do not seem to be bothered with it. They feel that it is in no way repugnant. To me, a hard-nosed total utilitarian, this settles the case. However, if, sometimes, I doubt that total utilitarianism has the final say in ethics, and tend to think that there may be something to some objection to it or another, it is the objection to it brought forward from egalitarian thought that first comes to mind. But if my argument in this article is correct, then it is clear that the repugnant conclusion should be equally acceptable to egalitarians of various different bents as it is to total utilitarians.

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MULGAN, TIM. "Utilitarianism for a Broken World." Utilitas 27, no. 1 (February 3, 2015): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820814000338.

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Drawing on the author's recent bookEthics for a Broken World, this article explores the philosophical implications of the fact that climate change – or something like it – might lead to abroken worldwhere resources are insufficient to meet everyone's basic needs, and where our affluent way of life is no longer an option. It argues that the broken world has an impact, not only on applied ethics, but also on moral theory. It then explores that impact. The article first argues that the broken world creates severe difficulties for both libertarians and contractualists. It then explores the impact of the broken world on utilitarianism – and especially on reflective equilibrium arguments for rule-utilitarianism. The article concludes that, while such arguments may still be viable, the form of rule-utilitarianism that results will be less moderate and less liberal than contemporary rule-utilitarians might hope.

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You, Zhang. "作为公共哲学的功利主义." China Law Journal 2023, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55574/xyjq6850.

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Abstract: Utilitarianism, as a subversive theory that once led to legal and social reforms, has come in for the opponents to construct a number of thought experiments to push the theory to the opposite side of people’s moral intuition and sense of justice, which makes the theory gradually lost its dominant position in the theory of political philosophy and legislative practice. Although utilitarians have made a series of self-corrections in the theory on the composition of utility and the object of evaluation, they seem to be unable to retreat from the criticism of the four basic elements of consequentialism, welfarism, impartiality and the equal consideration of interests, and the aggregationism. To deal with such a dilemma, contemporary utilitarian Robert Goodin advocates limiting utilitarianism in its scope of application, arguing that treating utilitarianism as a public philosophy will transform the indignities it suffers in the private sphere into virtues in the public affairs. However, this paper finds that Goodin’s strategy still fails to avoid Rawls’s criticism against aggregationism in utilitarianism and the Dirty Hands Problem’s reproach that utilitarianism raises internal moral tensions in agents in public affairs. To this, the paper responds with reference to Hessani’s average utility maximization and Susan Wolf’s “real-self view”.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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Soifer, Eldon. "Right-based utilitarianism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253795.

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Yapp, Brian. "Utilitarianism and education." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327225.

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Crisp, Roger. "Ideal utilitarianism : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253770.

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Schmidt-Petri, Christoph Johann. "An examination of J.S. Mill's 'Utilitarianism'." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413492.

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Hurtado, Jimena. "Ezequiel Rojas: Between Utilitarianism and Ideology." Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117054.

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Political economy played a central role in the construction of the new Republic of Colombia through the influence of Ezequiel Rojas. In his pursuit of theoretical and practical guidance to organize a new society of free individuals pledged to happiness, Rojas looked to political economy for inspiration. However, the sources that Rojas drew on did not belong to the tradition of classical political economy; he based his own approach on other, less traditional sources; namely utilitarianism and ideology. In this text I aim to reconstruct this approach, showing its tensions and contradictions and the way in which Rojas tried to address them through religion.
La economía política jugó un papel importante en la construcción de la nueva República de Colombia en cabeza de Ezequiel Rojas. En busca de elementos teóricos y prácticos para organizar una nueva sociedad de individuos libres y destinados a la felicidad, Rojas buscó en la economía política inspiración. Sin embargo, no era la economía política clásica la que Rojas difundía en sus enseñanzas. Rojas construyó su propia propuesta a partir de tradiciones e influencias menos usuales: el utilitarismo y la ideología. En este texto pretendo reconstruir esa propuesta, mostrando sus tensiones y contradicciones y la manera como Rojas intentó conciliarse recurriendo a la religión.

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Coetzee, Pieter Hendrik. "Form and substance in R.M. Hare's utilitarianism." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002836.

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Throughout his career as moral philosopher Hare has insisted that there is a rational way of arriving at substantive moral judgements. Hare develops this view - first presented in ' The language of morals' (1952) and ' Universalizability' (1955) - into the claim that rational agents are required to adopt utilitarian solutions to moral disputes. In ' Freedom and reason ' (1963) this claim is defended with reference to the view that the formal features of moral language (universalizability and prescriptivity)commit moral agents to a certain method of reasoning, and that this method of reasoning, when conjoined with facts about people's desires and preferences, leads us to accept substantive moral judgements consistent with those required by a form of utilitarianism. This view features throughout Hare's subsequent work, but the argument for it undergoes change. This means change in the defence of the claim that the meta-theory Universal Prescriptivism is consistent with a form of normative utilitarian theory, as this claim is argued for in 'Ethical theory and utilitarianism' (1976) and 'Moral Thinking' (1981). I shall endeavour to trace the chronological development of Hare's thinking, and will concentrate on developments in the argument for a theory of act-utilitarianism. I shall argue that the argument for utilitarianism gives rise to two major problems which arise from a specific feature of the argument, namely, the attempt to run the resolution of bi-lateral and multi-lateral cases of conflict along lines analogous to the resolution of conflict in the single-person case. Hare's argument requires that a decision-maker must identify the person with whom he reverses roles as himself, and that he must be prepared to concede that the things his recipient has good reasons for wanting are also reasons for him to want the same things. I argue that it is not possible to make coherent sense of the identity of the person in the reversed-role situation and that the motivational states a decision -maker is expected to deem 'his own' are not properly states of himself. If I am right, the 'identity'-question sits at the root of a motivational gap in Hare's theory.

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Qing, Feng. "Utilitarianism, reform, and architecture : Edinburgh as exemplar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3430.

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Although the utilitarian character of modern architecture has been widely recognized, the relationship between Utilitarianism and architectural practice has not been adequately discussed. This thesis intends to contribute to this area with a historical study of the interaction of Utilitarianism and architectural practice in the social reforms of 18th and 19th century Britain. Edinburgh is used as an example to illuminate this historical process in more detail. From three angles: prison, poor relief and elementary education, this thesis discusses how Utilitarians influenced the reform process and how architecture was used as significant instruments to promote the reform schemes designed by Bentham and his followers. In prison reform, Bentham created the architectural model of the Panopticon to build a new punishment system based on disciplined prisons which could harmoniously align individual interest and public interest. He later introduced the same ideology and the Panopticon model into poor relief reform. Through the works of his followers, especially Edwin Chadwick, these Utilitarian ideas largely shaped the new poor relief system in Britain. Similar steps were later followed in elementary education reform. Together with the establishment of the national systems of poor relief and elementary education, a large volume of institutional buildings such as workhouses and board schools came into being, and many of them are still affecting our modern life. Based on these examples, this thesis ends with a theoretical discussion of the inadequacy of Utilitarianism as a complete ethical theory. Contrary to the optimism of Bentham and his 19th century followers, Utilitarianism is insufficient to be a practical guidance for everyday life. This inadequacy determines that Utilitarianism cannot provide a firm ethical foundation for architecture.

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冼偉林 and Wai-lam William Sin. "The limits of utilitarianism: on prerogativesand constraints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219871.

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De, Bres Helena. "Globalizing utilitarianism : distributive justice beyond the state." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41700.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-173).
This dissertation develops and defends a utilitarian approach to global distributive justice: that part of political ethics that is concerned with the distribution of benefits and burdens across the members of distinct societies. Surprisingly little has been written by utilitarians, or by welfare consequentialists in general, on this topic. Many philosophers believe that utilitarianism is incapable of arriving at morally acceptable conclusions concerning global distributive justice, to the extent that it does not merit serious consideration in philosophical debates in the area. The central thesis of the dissertation is that that view is mistaken, and that utilitarianism in fact provides an attractive and useful way of conceiving of our global distributive duties. The main argument begins by distinguishing three types of goal at which principles of distributive justice might be directed. One such goal is the attainment by individuals of a minimally decent level of welfare, a second the treatment of individuals in accordance with norms of fairness, a third the obtaining of a certain degree of equality across individuals, for reasons independent of the first two goals. I then consider whether or not there is a utilitarian case for each of these goals at the global level. I argue that, while the utilitarian case for global equality per se is currently weak, a concern at the global level both for what I call "decency" and for distributive fairness can and should be incorporated into the framework of utilitarianism. I present an account of precisely what form these goals ought to take at the global level, how they intersect with concerns about domestic distributive justice and collective self-determination, and how they translate into duties on the part of individual states and international institutions.
(cont.) I also draw out the implications of the resulting principles and duties for some specific aspects of global political economy and international law (including trade in goods, services and ideas; development; and immigration). The result is a distinctive conception of the ground, scope and content of global distributive justice that I hope will appeal, at least in part, to utilitarians and non-utilitarians alike.
by Helene de Bres.
Ph.D.

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Sin, Wai-lam William. "The limits of utilitarianism : on prerogatives and constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18861830.

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Books on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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Miller, Jacques-Alain. Utilitarianism. Wien: Turia + Kant, 1996.

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Mullen, Deborah, and Lakshmi Nair. Utilitarianism. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071909065.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. San Bernardino, CA: [CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform], 2015.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2011.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Radford, VA: Wilder Publications, 2008.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Peterborough, Ont., Canada: Broadview Press, 2000.

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Mill, John Stuart, and G. Scott Davis. Utilitarianism. Barnes & Noble, Incorporated, 2012.

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Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. IndyPublish.com, 2005.

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Patrick, Tom, and Sander Werkhoven. Utilitarianism. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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Mukerji, Nikil. "Utilitarianism." In Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics, 297–312. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_27.

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Smith, Paul. "Utilitarianism." In Moral and Political Philosophy, 143–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-59394-7_10.

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Harrison, Michael R. "Utilitarianism." In An introduction to business and management ethics, 78–92. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80225-4_6.

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Kay, Charles D. "Utilitarianism." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 6086–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2399.

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Donatelli, Piergiorgio. "Utilitarianism." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_430-1.

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Boylan, Michael. "Utilitarianism." In Teaching Ethics with Three Philosophical Novels, 45–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55711-3_3.

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Poff, Deborah C. "Utilitarianism." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_400-1.

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Tamez, Alejandro. "Utilitarianism." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2909-1.

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Dunnett, Stephen B., James Winslow, Tomasz Schneider, Helen J. Cassaday, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, et al. "Utilitarianism." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1354. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1253.

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Chekola, Mark. "Utilitarianism." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6881–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3134.

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Conference papers on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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Aliman, Nadisha-Marie, Leon Kester, and Peter Werkhoven. "XR for Augmented Utilitarianism." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aivr46125.2019.00065.

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Shevchenko, S. IU. "Biomedicine between utilitarianism and hope." In TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-08-2018-53.

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Chen, Violet (Xinying), and J. N. Hooker. "A Just Approach Balancing Rawlsian Leximax Fairness and Utilitarianism." In AIES '20: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375844.

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MONTESI, Cristina. "THE ECONOMICS OF HAPPINESS IN ROBERT MICHELS BETWEEN BENTHAMIAN UTILITARIANISM AND CIVIL ECONOMY." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.45.

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The paper thematizes the problematic relationship between economy and happiness covered by economist Robert Michels (1876-1936) in his book “The Economics of Happiness” written in 1918. In this book Michels, as a true frontier scholar, provides, well in advance of the acquisitions of the modern “science of happiness”, an interdisciplinary reading of the different determinants of happiness and of their interactions, courageously refuting the monistic and reductionist paradigm of neoclassical economy dominant in his epoch. The hedonistic conception of happiness conceived by Michels echoes that formulated by Jeremy Bentham, but Michels, unlike the Utilitarians of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, gives it an unexpected twist, by postulating heretically that happiness is the ultimate goal of economy and that wealth is only a means to achieve it. In establishing the primacy of happiness as the main purpose of economic activity, Michels follows in the footsteps of Neapolitan and Milanese Civil Economists of Enlightenment with whom he had other theoretical points of consonance which the paper highlights. However Michels’ conception of happiness differs from Civil Economists’ notion because it is primarily based on individual pleasure and not on relational goods, because it is disconnected from those components of gratuitousness which are immanent to sincere relational goods, because it is detached from the search for Common Good. Finally the paper illustrates the multidimensional and innovative public policies which Michels suggests for the achievement of happiness by invoking a wide range of integrated interventions to be carried out by the State and by the workers’ unions. Keywords: Happiness Economics, Benthamian Utilitarianism, Civil Economy

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Kazmi, Syed Hasnain Alam, Hui Zeng, and Malik Muneeb Abid. "Effects of Hedonism and Utilitarianism in Advertising in E-Business Equity." In 2016 8th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2016.232.

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Hegde, Aditya, Vibhav Agarwal, and Shrisha Rao. "Ethics, Prosperity, and Society: Moral Evaluation Using Virtue Ethics and Utilitarianism." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/24.

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Modelling ethics is critical to understanding and analysing social phenomena. However, prior literature either incorporates ethics into agent strategies or uses it for evaluation of agent behaviour. This work proposes a framework that models both, ethical decision making as well as evaluation using virtue ethics and utilitarianism. In an iteration, agents can use either the classical Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma or a new type of interaction called moral interaction, where agents donate or steal from other agents. We introduce moral interactions to model ethical decision making. We also propose a novel agent type, called virtue agent, parametrised by the agent's level of ethics. Virtue agents' decisions are based on moral evaluations of past interactions. Our simulations show that unethical agents make short term gains but are less prosperous in the long run. We find that in societies with positivity bias, unethical agents have high incentive to become ethical. The opposite is true of societies with negativity bias. We also evaluate the ethicality of existing strategies and compare them with those of virtue agents.

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Malek, Jalaluddin Abdul, Seng Boon Lim, and Sukri Palutturi. "The Ethics of Smart City Planning: Examining Post-Utilitarianism in Malaysian Blueprints." In 2021 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciss53185.2021.9533225.

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Северилова, Полина, and Polina Severilova. "Philosophical background "dehumanitarization" the System of higher legal education." In St. Petersburg international Legal forum RD forum video — Rostov-na-Donu. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5a3a6fa77b0ee2.49519754.

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The article examines the problems of the domestic system of higher legal education. The main goal of this work is to analyze the causes of the crisis of modern education. Main causes of the crisis are defined as culturalisation. The author connects them with the ideology of scientism, utilitarianism, positivism, the mainstream in modern education. They are also directly related to the processes of globalization of education.

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Qu, Jiayin. "A Defence of Utilitarian Pedagogy: Whether Education Should Focus More on Human Utilitarianism." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssphe-18.2019.41.

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Dai, Feng. "Analysis on the Roots of Misconduct in Scientific Research from the Perspective of Utilitarianism." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-19.2019.76.

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Reports on the topic "Utilitarianism"

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Margolis, Leo, and Nicole Eckerson. Contemporary Utilitarianism. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1674.

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Kaplow, Louis. A Fundamental Objection to Tax Equity Norms: A Call for Utilitarianism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4961.

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Leroux, Marie-Louise, Pierre Pestieau, and Gregory Ponthiere. The optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies policies. CIRANO, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ezmm9028.

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This paper studies the optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies in an economy where individuals differ in their reproductive capacity (or fecundity) and in their wage. We find that the optimal ART policy varies with the postulated social welfare criterion. Utilitarianism redistributes only between individuals with unequal fecundity and wages but not between parents and childless individuals. To the opposite, ex post egalitarianism (which gives absolute priority to the worst-off in realized terms) redistributes from individuals with children toward those without children, and from individuals with high fecundity toward those with low fecundity, so as to compensate for both the monetary cost of ART and for the disutility from involuntary childlessness resulting from unsuccessful ART investments. Under asymmetric information and in order to solve for the incentive problem, utilitarianism recommends also to either tax or subsidize ART investments of low-fecundity-low productivity individuals depending on the degree of complementarity between fecundity and ART in the fertility technology. On the opposite, ex post egalitarianism always recommends marginal taxation.

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Papadopoulos, Yannis. Ethics Lost: The severance of the entrenched relationship between ethics and economics by contemporary neoclassical mainstream economics. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp1en.

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In this paper we examine the evolution of the relation between ethics and economics. Mainly after the financial crisis of 2008, many economists, scholars, and students felt the need to find answers that were not given by the dominant school of thought in economics. Some of these answers have been provided, since the birth of economics as an independent field, from ethics and moral philosophy. Nevertheless, since the mathematisation of economics and the departure from the field of political economy, which once held together economics, philosophy, history and political science, ethics and moral philosophy have lost their role in the economics’ discussions. Three are the main theories of morality: utilitarianism, rule-based ethics and virtue ethics. The neoclassical economic model has indeed chosen one of the three to justify itself, yet it has forgotten —deliberately or not— to involve the other two. Utilitarianism has been translated to a cost benefit analysis that fits the “homo economicus” and selfish portrait of humankind and while contemporary capitalism recognizes Adam Smith as its father it does not seem to recognize or remember not only the rest of the Scottish Enlightenment’s great minds, but also Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments. In conclusion, if ethics is to play a role in the formation of a postcapitalist economic theory and help it escape the hopeless quest for a Wertfreiheit, then the one-dimensional selection and interpretation of ethics and morality by economists cannot lead to justified conclusions about the decision-making process.

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Bénabou, Roland, Armin Falk, and Luca Henkel. Ends versus Means: Kantians, Utilitarians, and Moral Decisions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32073.

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