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Weimer, Steven. "Autonomy and the Utilitarian State." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1250636642.
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Alzahrani, S. "Uncertainty and utilitarian moral decision-making." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17103/.
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A long history of research in philosophy, psychology and neuroscience has explored moral utilitarian research questions, decision mechanisms and behaviour. For example, in the question ‘Is it appropriate for you to sacrifice one workman in order to save five workmen?’ moral utilitarian theorists (consequentialism) would answer with ‘Yes’, as utility maximisation and moral justification is achieved by the consequence of this moral decision (‘saving the greatest number’). Accordingly,psychologists have explored the psychological validity and range of behavioural violations of this utilitarian normative prediction. For example, theorists haveproposed a dual-process moral utility theory (e.g., Bartels, 2008; Cushman et al.,2006; Greene, 2007; Greene, et al., 2001; Haidt, 2001; Pizarro & Bloom, 2003;Young & Koenigs, 2007; Evans & Stanovich, 2013), and argued that this moral utilitarian model predicts rational and irrational behaviour for morally sensitive decision alternatives. The dual-process moral utility theory assumes that two psychological systems are involved in moral decision-making: (i) deliberative and effortful (cognitive processing) and (ii) automatic and effortless (emotional activations). Moreover, the theory predicts ‘emotional interference’ for moral scenarios with personal involvement (to push a stranger on to the track in order to save the five strangers) inducing (i) irrational behaviour and (ii) decision delay (longer response time), even when participants make a rational choice in dilemmas with personal involvement. These predictions were empirically confirmed (e.g., Greene et al., 2001) - respondents judged moral dilemmas with personal involvement (‘to push’ in footbridge dilemma) as less appropriate, than equivalent moral dilemmas with impersonal involvement (‘to hit a switch’ in the trolley dilemma). Greene and colleagues concluded that moral 14 dilemmas with personal involvement were more emotionally salient and cognitively demanding, as respondents took significantly more time deciding about moral dilemmas with personal involvement. In nine experiments, I have developed further the empirical moral utilitarian method, and empirically explored and identified a generic utilitarian cognitive factor – ‘uncertainty’ (caused by partial and insufficient descriptions of utilitarian information) – that predicts rationality and irrationality in moral decision-making. As the experimental results confirmed, this factor had an independent influence (beyond the type of dilemma and involvement – previously confounded in experimental research) on moral utilitarian behaviour. An increased accessibility to utilitarian information decreased psychological uncertainty, inducing rational moral utilitarian behaviour across the experiments. Moreover, in contrast to the dual-process utilitarian theory, when making a rational choice respondents took less time with scenarios offering full utilitarian accessibility (full text description of the scenarios and moral choice questions and supported by visualisation of decision consequences), than with scenarios offering partial textual descriptions of moral utilitarian information (as with all moral experimental studies published since Thomson, 1985). This finding is important, as it offers methodological improvements to the study of moral decisionmaking and reveals issues with the dual-process moral utilitarian theory predictions and assumed psychological mechanisms. Neuroscience research should build upon the methodological improvements and empirical evidence provided in this dissertation, and explore further the plausibility that the emotional activations predicted by the dual-process moral utility theory are, in fact, degree of uncertainty (experiments 1 to 9) caused by limited accessibility to utilitarian information. Furthermore, the results form experiments 4 and 5 revealed no difference (as 15 predicted by previous research, e.g., Tassy et al., 2013) in the behavioural utilitarian patterns between moral choice and moral judgements. I found that uncertainty significantly predicted both moral choice and moral judgements – additional evidence of the generalisability of uncertainty as a major factor that should be taken into account by moral utilitarian researchers. Moreover, in experiments 6, 7, 8 and 9 I discovered additional and not previously considered psychological factors influencing moral utilitarian behaviour. In experiments 6 and 7 the respondents, in their effort to maximise utility, were influenced by the utility ratio of the moral trade-offs. For example, and in addition to the eliminated uncertainty (caused by insufficient utilitarian information), the increased number of victims induced respondents’ moral rational behaviour. This result can be attributed to enhanced reward activations for utilitarian moral dilemmas, offering ‘saving of more victims’. In experiments 8 and 9 I also found that content of utility is a psychological factor predicting moral utilitarian behaviour. Processing moral utilitarian contents, which consist of things we can own or previously have owned (e.g., experience with utilitarian trade-offs) – nonhuman and inanimate stimuli – induced respondents’ utilitarian choice rationality. The results from nine experiments are novel and have the potential to contribute to the theoretical development of both normative and psychological moral decisionmaking. The research findings will inform theories of judgement, decision-making, moral reasoning, experimental philosophy and neuroscience about the psychological factors (not previously explored) underlying moral decision-making, and their influence on utilitarian rationality. Moreover, it is envisaged that the research findings and knowledge from this dissertation have practical applications. For example, in the development of training interventions (for special security units and law enforcements agencies), the relevant authorities should take into account the influence of decision 16 uncertainty, content of utility (decision training paradigms), and utility ratios involved in moral trade-offs.
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Collins, Brian. "A utilitarian account of political obligation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1307.
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One of the core issues in contemporary political philosophy is concerned with `political obligation.' Stated in an overly simplified way, the question being asked when one investigates political obligation is, "What, if anything, do citizens owe to their government and how are these obligations generated if they do exist?" The majority of political philosophers investigating this issue agree that a political obligation is a moral requirement to act in certain ways concerning political matters (e.g. a moral requirement to obey the laws and support one's country). Despite this agreement about the general nature of what is being searched for, a broad division has arisen between political obligation theorists - there are some who take political obligations to actually exist ("defenders of political obligation") and there are some who take there to be no general political obligation ("philosophical anarchists"). While there is debate within the camp defending political obligation about what it is that generates the obligations, the common core of all "defender theories" is the fundamental idea that one has a moral requirement(s) to support and obey the political institutions of one's country. Despite utilitarianism's status as one of the major ethical theories, historically, it has largely been dismissed by theorists concerned with political obligation. Within the contemporary debate it is generally accepted that utilitarianism cannot adequately accommodate a robust theory of political obligation.
The overarching objective of this dissertation is to challenge this general dismissal of a utilitarian account and to build upon the two accounts which have been developed (R.M. Hare's and Rolf Sartorius') in offering a robust utilitarian theory of political obligation which can be considered a competitor to the other contemporary theories (i.e., theories of consent, gratitude, fair play or fairness, membership or association, and natural duty). However, as this utilitarian account of political obligation develops, the possibility will also emerge for a non-antagonistic relationship between the utilitarian theory on offer and the contemporary political obligation debate. The moral reasons posited by the traditional theories of political obligation (i.e., consent, fair play, gratitude, associative, and natural duty) can be included in and accommodated by my utilitarian account. The utilitarian account of political obligation can accept that there are many types of reasons explaining why broad expectations concerning individual and group behavior are created, and each type of reason can be understood as supporting the utilitarian claim that there are moral reasons for following the laws and supporting legitimate political authorities.
Taken all together, my arguments will take the form of a three tiered response to the prevailing opinion that any utilitarian attempt to account for political obligations is doomed. The first tier contends that the utilitarian can consistently claim that there are moral reasons to follow the law. This is not a particularly strong claim, but it is one which has been denied by the vast majority of political theorists. The second tier of my argument addresses this apparent issue by contending that even the traditional deontological accounts of political obligation are not offering more than this. Lastly, it is contended that, given the contingent features of humans (i.e., intellectual fallibility, selfish biases, and the way moral education is tied to rules), the strength of the utilitarian political obligations is comparable to other accounts' analyses of the obligations.
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Andersson, Maria, Tajana Prevedan, and Sara Palmblad. "Atmospheric effects on hedonic and utilitarian customers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19614.
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This study brings up the importance of using the store environment as a tool for creating positive consumer experiences. It compares two consumer shopping motives, hedonic (related to sensations and fun) and utilitarian (related to fulfilling a task). The atmospheric variables that the environment consists of are discussed and found to be affecting these two consumer groups in different ways. The study takes a quantitative approach for investigating how these two consumer types are affected by the store environment. Hedonic and utilitarian consumers are then compared to see if there are any differences in how these consumers experience the store environment. The findings show that there are no differences in what atmospherics that are liked more by a hedonic compared to a utilitarian shopper. However, atmospherics are found to be more memorable for hedonic consumers. Hedonic consumers are also found to like being in the store more when signs are clear, and when it is easy to find departments, fitting rooms and cash registers. The results also showed that to make hedonic customers revisit the store, retailers should focus on the style of the store, floor space allocation, product presentation, sound level, lighting and the interior material. To make utilitarian revisit the store, retailers should focus on atmospherics such as architecture, the cleanliness, floor space allocation, product presentation, flooring, color scheme of the store and the interior material.
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Cidrelius, Daniel. "Homo adopticus - Policydiskurs, visuell verklighet och utilitarism." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8400.
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I den här uppsatsen argumenterar jag för att den internationella adoptionsinstitutionen kan studeras som en del av ett kulturellt system av prestationer och motprestationer vilka följer reciprocitetsprincipen och uttrycker maktrelationer och exploaterande praktiker. I första hand är detta en uppsats som syftar till att utjämna relationen Vi-Dom. I andra hand en inbjudan till diskussion; inte EN punkt för diskussionen...
Please email Cidah789@hotmail.com for the English version.
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Walters, Timothy. "Empathy for education : a naturalist utilitarian argument." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675741.
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Dubois, Sagenay. "Marketplaces and the Environment: A Utilitarian Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109173.
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Thesis advisor: Joshua SnyderIn my work I seek to define and understand the best consequences approach to correcting market failures that result in negative environmental outcomes. I do this by exploring the relationship between markets and environmental outcomes through the introduction of case studies. Additionally, I outline the policy solutions used to try to correct these failures. These case studies are evaluated using Peter Singer’s ethical framework as a criterion for best consequences. Based on this analysis, I argue for the use of economic policy to achieve policy goals set in accordance with the needs of stakeholders both human and non-human on an intertemporal scale. Economic terms often fail to capture the true value of natural resources, however, making the best consequences unattainable through such policies alone. Considering this, I argue that we must develop a fundamentally different understanding of consumption and commodities if we are to achieve the most beneficial outcome
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Philosophy
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Obrad, Lukić. "Књижевна критика Младе Босне." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=92631&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Tengattini, Simone. "Physical and bicycle resistances characterization of utilitarian cyclists." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Urban cyclist’s physical characteristics are important for advanced modelling of bicycle speed and energy expenditure, with applications including infrastructure design, network analysis, and health and safety assessments. However, representative values for diverse urban travellers have not been established. This study investigates the physical characteristics of real-world urban cyclists, including rolling and drag resistance parameters, and bicycle and cargo masses. Relationships among physical characteristics socio-demographics and travel behaviour are also analysed, and a bicycle cruising speed model is derived to illustrate usefulness of the sought parameters. Firstly, a 12-sensor, 100-meter coast-down test setup is developed and indoor and outdoor validation tests are performed. Secondly, resistance parameters were measured utilizing the novel coast-down test for 557 intercepted cyclists in Vancouver, Canada. Masses were also measured, along with other bicycle attributes (tire pressure and size). The average (standard deviation) of coefficient of rolling resistance (C_r), effective frontal area (A_f C_d), bicycle plus cargo mass, and bicycle-only mass were 0.0077 (0.0036), 0.559 (0.170) m2, 18.3 (4.1) kg, and 13.7 (3.3) kg, respectively. The range of measured values is wider and higher than suggested in the literature. Thirdly, cluster analysis revealed that cyclist physical typology can be related to cycling efficiency,comfort in mixed traffic, year-round cycling, self-reported speed, and physical activity engagement. Physical typologies might help unveil new motivations in active travel behaviour and encourage urban cycling by a wider range of people. Finally, a mathematical framework is derived from first principles to determine speed from cyclist characteristics (power output, gearing, resistance parameters) and roadway attributes.
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Bartkienė, Aistė. "Metodologinio pagrindo paieška bioetikos teorijose, paremtose deontologija ir utilitarizmu." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120302_090010-98050.
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Mokslinio darbo objektas - bioetikos teorijos, paremtos deontologija ir utilitarizmu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti bioetikos teorijose siūlomų etinių principų normatyvinį pagrįstumą. Moksliniame darbe yra atlikta lyginamoji bioetikos teorijų analizė, išanalizuotas teorinių bioetikos koncepcijų prielaidų pagrįstumas. Yra teigiama, kad analizuojamas bioetikos teorijas galima skirstyti pagal jų konstravimo podūdį į homogeniškas ir heterogeniškas. Homogeniškos teorijos tesia konkrečią etinę tradiciją (deontologijos ar utilitarizmo) ir siūlo spręsti bioetines kontroversijas, tokias kaip abortai, eunazija, pagelbstimoji savižudybė taikant konkrečias vertybines nuostatas, būdingas astovaujamai šakai. Heterogeniškos teorijos bando derinti deontologiją su utilitarizmu vienoje koncepcijoje, siekdamos pasiūlyti bioetinių kontroversijų sprendimo būdus priimtinus pliuralistinėje visuomenėje. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad deontologija ir utilitarizmu pagrįstos bioetinės teorijos nepasiūlo aiškių ir priimtinų principų, reikalingų sprendžiant bioetines kontroversijas.The object of dissertation is bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism. The purpose of dissertation is to examine if ethical principles proposed in bioethical theories are normatively justified. In this work comparative analysis of bioethical theories is made and theoretical assumptions of bioethical conceptions are analyzed. It is stated that according to the construction manner of the analyzed bioethical theories it is possible to group these theories to homogenic and heterogenic ones. Homogenic theories are proceeding along particular ethical tradition (deontological or utilitarian) and propose to deal with bioethical controversies such as abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide applying particular value-system. Heterogenic theories are trying to combine deontology with utilitarianism in one conception and in this way to propose method suitable for pluralistic society for dealing with bioethical controversies. In this work it is stated that bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism do not introduce any clear and acceptable principles and methods needed for solving bioethical issues.
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Taylor, Katherine Jane. "Utilitarian Cycling: Investigating Latent Demand in Christchurch, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3221.
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Christchurch, New Zealand, has relatively low rates of utilitarian cycle use. Six percent of commuters cycle so there is considerable potential for increasing utilitarian cycling, cycling for the purpose of getting to a destination day to day, rather than for recreation. Potential for utilitarian cycling in Christchurch is due to the predominantly flat urban area, wide transport corridors providing plenty of space for cycling, and a climate with few temperature extremes and low rainfall. Despite this favourable geography, Christchurch has followed the trend of many western cities with a declining mode share for cycling and increased motor vehicle use. This research investigated the motivations and barriers for cycling. The focus was on the motivations and barriers perceived by people who do not cycle, or cycle regularly, for utility purposes. The research included an analysis of census data and questionnaires undertaken at workplaces along with recreational cyclists, to identify people interested in cycling. Focus groups were held with respondents who were identified as potential cyclists to discuss the motivations and barriers for cycling, with a focus on safety and infrastructure. Findings demonstrated the potential for cycling in Christchurch with high proportions of people living within a reasonable cycling distance of their workplace. Major barriers for potential cyclists were safety and infrastructure, workplace showering and changing facilities and enjoyment of the journey. Infrastructure facilities were investigated to determine what level of service would attract new cyclists, found to be a segregated, comprehensive and consistent network of cycle facilities. There were also a number of minor barriers identified. Policies to improve utilitarian cycling need to include improving the overall urban environment so that it is safer and more enjoyable for cyclists. Education of cyclists and motorists along with policies to improve workplaces for cyclists should be implemented in conjunction with improvements in infrastructure.
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Bayard, Colter Thomas. "Privacy in the networked world a Millian utilitarian appraisal /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473180.
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Harpool, Michael Joseph. "Utilitarian Skateboarding: Insight into an Emergent Mode of Mobility." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4452.
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In recent years research and planning efforts to enhance the conditions and opportunities for active transportation modes have increased significantly; however, these efforts have primarily focused on pedestrians and bicyclists. Skateboarding and other alternative modes of mobility remain an untapped potential for healthy and sustainable travel. This research addresses numerous knowledge gaps in the literature on utilitarian skateboarding under the larger umbrella of active transportation. Analysis of online survey results and semi-structured interviews with skateboarders in Portland, OR provides insight into the motivations and barriers of traveling by skateboard and the demographics and perceptions of skateboard commuters. Like bicyclists and pedestrians, skateboarders value safe, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing places to travel and are sensitive to surface conditions, distance, and slope. These similarities present a unique opportunity for cities to create facilities that accommodate diverse users. Disaggregating results by the respondents' gender, skill level, and frequency of transportation-oriented skateboarding highlights significant differences in levels of perceived safety and the practicality of utilitarian skateboarding. The findings have implications for the future of active transportation planning which support Elaine Stratford's vision of "generous geographies that allow for more, and playful, mobilities in the city."
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Subramaniam, Anita Mandlam. "Utilitarian and value-expressive appeals in television shopping segments /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196234910915.
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Karlsson, Malin. "Internet banking app quality compared to other utilitarian apps." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33013.
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Anderson, Kelley B. "Consumer Shopping Motivations with Facebook Retailers: Utilitarian Versus Hedonic." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500067/.
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Retailers increasingly are connecting with consumers using social media. This two-way, networked communication method facilitates word-of-mouth that may ultimately impact retailer loyalty. The purpose of this study was to examine motivations of consumers’ purchase intention from apparel Facebook retailers, and the relationship between purchase intention and loyalty. Consumer motivations were examined in terms of the utilitarian values of cost, convenience, and information and the hedonic values of experiential shopping, bargain perception, sociability, and curiosity. The relationship of purchase intention and loyalty also was investigated. The instrument was developed from existing scales drawn from literature. A consumer panel (N = 250) of Facebook users that connect to apparel retailers was used to collect data through an online Qualtrics survey. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of frequency and crosstab distributions, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Factor analysis resulted in four dimensions including convenience, information, experience, and bargains. All motivators were found to be significantly related to both purchase intention and loyalty for this consumer group. The variable with the strongest relationship to both purchase intention and loyalty was experience. Additionally, a strong relationship was found between purchase intention and loyalty. Lastly, practical business implications are reviewed, in addition to limitations of the study.
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Charpentier, Claude. "Clarifying the utilitarian meaning in Alexander Bain's Association Psychology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24298.
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The present dissertation on the subject of Alexander Bain's mid-nineteenth century Association Psychology aims at providing an interpretive framework of importance to the clarification of the science's utilitarian meaning. Shared social attitudes and thought patterns associated with radical-utilitarians and fellow reformers John Stuart Mill and Alexander Bain serve as frames for defining the latter's position on psychological questions. Herein investigated are abstract, atomistic and mechanistic ways of thinking that joined Mill and Bain together in a community of intellect whose utilitarian perspective structured Bain's psychological ideas. Also explored are the ways in which these psychological ideas expressed the socio-political concerns shared by Mill and Bain alike, and were in fact worked into tools for fashioning social reality and bringing it into a desired form. Thus the object of the study is to determine how certain ways of thought as well as social attitudes common to Mill and Bain functioned as utilitarian influences in the latter's psychological texts. While serving as a case study for use in illuminating the subject of intellectual styles, the present research also draws interest by marking and spelling out psychology's past relevance to society.
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Gracy, Benjamin Baade. "Nourishing the mind: Utilitarian and didactic aspects of Athenaeus' "Deipnosophistae"." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303893.
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FIGUEIRA, CYNTHIA STORCK. "HEDONIC OR UTILITARIAN PURCHASE MOTIVATION: HOW DOES IT AFFECT REGRET?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16725@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAs motivações hedônica e utilitária de compra podem provocar diferentes reações emocionais na avaliação pós-compra, como arrependimento. A abordagem do arrependimento como uma emoção negativa, fruto do processo de avaliação pós-compra, vem ganhando mais atenção e importância no estudo do comportamento do consumidor. Esta dissertação procurou examinar como se manifesta o arrependimento que consumidores experimentam na avaliação póscompra, em função de sua motivação de consumo ser hedônica ou utilitária. Conduziu-se um levantamento (survey), com o questionário sendo enviado por email para uma amostra não-probabilística de 131 consumidores. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o arrependimento experimentado manifesta-se de forma mais intensa quando a motivação da compra for hedônica e menos intensa quando a motivação de compra é utilitária.
The hedonic and utilitarian motivations of purchase can provoke different emotional responses in post-purchase, such as regret. The regret s approach as a negative emotion, the result of the evaluation process after purchase, is gaining more attention and importance in the study of consumer behavior. This dissertation attempted to examine how it expresses regret that consumers experience in post-purchase, depending on their motivation for consumption is hedonic or utilitarian. We conducted a survey, with the questionnaire being sent by e-mail to a non-probabilistic sample of 131 consumers. The results suggest that experienced regret is manifested more intensely in the hedonic motivation of purchase and it is less intense in the utilitarian motivation.
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Mandarim, de Lacerda Maria Elisa. "The use of plastic in utilitarian and functional design objects." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/705.
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Plastic is widely used to shape many of the daily goods produced and consumed today. Compared to wood and metal, this versatile material was recently introduced to society. The technical advances that began in the mid 1850's led to the invention of the first cellulose plastic polymers - a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomer (One Look on line Dictionary, 2009) - to be used at an industrial level. Inaugurating a period in which objects could have the strength of metal or wood, while also being lighter, colorful and cheaper to be manufactured. Plastics are a material that has the ability to be easily shaped (Lefteri, 2008). For me, plastic is ideal to work with, not only because its eclectic applications in product design and manufacture, but also due to its ordinary use in our globalized society.
My master's research is to design functional objects using different types of plastics. My goal is to experiment with this material and understand the industrial production process behind the manufacture of the daily functional objects that surround us. Each plastic polymer has its proper usage and constraints. These characteristics are taken into account in my design process. Conceptually I allow myself to have freedom in exploring the object's form by respecting the material`s limitations as well as the techniques I have available to design and make my pieces. In conjunction with this creative research, I am using Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing through Computer Numerical Control and Rapid Prototyping technologies to design and produce the pieces.
Furthermore, my intention is to have a deep understanding of the uses, production, discard and, recycling procedures of plastics goods. I am interested in knowing more about biodegradable, compostable and recyclable polymers in order to enjoy this great material that is evolving rapidly (Lefteri, 2008) in the contemporary society without causing environmental damage and preserve good conditions to future habitants of the Planet.
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Buhrman, Tiffany. "Effects of Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Satisfaction on Mall Consumption." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3188/.
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The modern consumer expects a consumption experience with both hedonic and utilitarian rewards during a single visit to the mall. The orchestrating of both hedonic and utilitarian benefits in one visit challenges mall management and retailers to deliver the maximum shopping experience. This study seeks to reveal relationships among six variables: demographic characteristics, mall shopping orientation, mall perception, hedonic satisfaction, utilitarian satisfaction, and mall consumption. The intercept survey was conducted at a major entertainment-themed mall in north Texas. Multiple regression analyses (N = 202) indicate that demographic characteristics and mall shopping orientation were significant predictors of mall perception. Also, two mall perception factors (Sensation and Physical Environment) were predictors of hedonic and utilitarian mall shopping satisfaction. However, hedonic and utilitarian mall shopping satisfaction were found not to predict mall consumption in terms of cross-shopping, money spent, and time spent.
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Nilsson, Daniel, and Redwanuzzaman Redwanuzzaman. "Retailers’ omni channel : The value proposition for utilitarian and hedonic shoppers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43583.
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Okamura, Akiko. "The roles of culture, sub-culture and language in scientific research articles." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313548.
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Sudjadi, Achmad. "Leadership styles, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction in normative and utilitarian organisations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417297.
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Kwong, Edmund Ming Yip. "Lightweight plywood construction assembly : a lightweight approach to the elegant utilitarian form." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49734.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.Word "construction" in title purposely crossed-out on title page.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81).
What will be the fundamental aspect and concern of today's good design? As global energy reserves deplete over the coming decades, a strategy of reduced consumption will be essential to the production of furniture and architecture, alike. A lightweight design strategy is a way for designers to participate in reducing the environmental footprint of everyday objects. We are witnessing a Paradigm shift in design and the decorative arts of a magnitude not seen since the Modernist movement in the early 20th century. A design style embraces the combination of sustainability with building production. Today we recognizes that our resources are finite and that careful consideration should be given to the building process. Since ecological concern of materials become one of the foremost issues of today's building industry, For this project, I developed a lightweight and low-cost framing system that is collapsible and easy to assemble. My goal is to create compelling designs in the hope they will inspire people to choose sustainable design over safer and more traditional designs. Making building from thin bent plywood yields 9-10 times more usable wood from a log than making a building from hardwood lumber During the production of plywood, only 15 percent of the wood from a log is lost to waste. On the other hand , the average waste it takes to make a finished solid wood frame building is 1.5 times more wood than is used in the building itself! Bent plywood has been utilized by a mere handful of designer, most notably Alvar Aalto and Charles and Ray Eames, but the application of this material remained in furniture scale.
(cont.) Since the creative potential of this material is still largely unexplored. My motivation is to extend the application of this very particular thin material-plywood.
by Edmund King Yip Kwong.
M.Arch.
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Martinez, Tabares Carolina. "Individual factors related to utilitarian urban cycling : representations, motivations and perceived aggression." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080003/document.
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Le vélo urbain utilitaire, une des solutions aux problèmes de mobilité (ex, pollution) a une part modale faible (3 %) en France malgré des efforts pour l’augmenter. L’objectif général de ce doctorat a été d’identifier des facteurs individuels — représentation, motivation et perception des comportements des automobilistes comme agressifs — afin d’aider à mieux comprendre le vélo urbain utilitaire et à favoriser sa promotion. Trois études ont été réalisées. La première, sur la base de 20 entretiens semi-structurés en Île-de-France, a identifié les principales représentations et motivations liées au vélo urbain utilitaire et a examiné les similitudes et différences entre cyclistes et non-cyclistes. La deuxième a vérifié si les arguments étaient similaires sur un échantillon plus grand (N=409) par une enquête en ligne dans les principales villes de France, et a mesuré le poids accordé à ces arguments. Ces deux études ont révélé que les avantages, leviers, inconvénients et barrières liés au vélo urbain utilitaire sont comparables entre cyclistes et non-cyclistes ; des différences quantitatives ont cependant été trouvées entre représentations et motivations. La troisième a cherché à comprendre si les cyclistes perçoivent les comportements des automobilistes comme agressifs, un des inconvénients perçus à l’usage du vélo, à travers une enquête en ligne (N=174) dans 2 villes avec des parts modales vélo contrastées : Paris (3 %) et Berlin (13 %). Les prédicteurs de la perception d’agression sont l’intention, le danger, la connaissance, la légitimité, l’identité cycliste et l’agressivité trait. Les implications théoriques, méthodologiques et appliquées des résultats sont discutéesUtilitarian urban cycling, one of the possible solutions to mobility problems (e.g. pollution, congestion), has a low modal share of 3% in France, despite numerous efforts to increase it. The general goal of this Ph.D. thesis was to identify individual factors, such as representation, motivation, and perceived aggression from car drivers’ behaviors that could help to better understand utilitarian urban cycling and could be used in its promotion. To reach this goal, three studies were carried out. The first study served to identify the main representations and motivations related to utilitarian urban cycling and to examine whether there were similarities and differences between cyclists and non-cyclists, through 20 semi-structured interviews in Paris area. The second study aimed to identify the weight of the previously identified arguments and to differentiate representations from motivations among cyclists and non-cyclists through an online survey (N=409) in the main French cities. These two studies revealed that advantages, levers, disadvantages and barriers related to utilitarian urban cycling are comparable between cyclists and non-cyclists; quantitative differences were found between representations and motivations. The third study was designed to understand whether cyclists perceive aggression from car drivers on road conditions, through an online survey (N=174) in 2 cities with different cycling modal share: Paris (3%) and Berlin (13%). The predictors of perceived aggression were intention, danger, knowledge, legitimacy, cycling identity and trait aggressiveness. The theoretical, methodological and applied implications of the results are discussed
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Van, Heeswijk Berenice. ""Just one click" : utilitarian and hedonic motivations of students to shop fashion online." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-762.
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The online shopping industry has been growing over the past decade (Statista, 2014). Former researchers identified consumers’ utilitarian and hedonic online shopping motivations. A qualitative research was conducted to understand the utilitarian and hedonic online shopping motivations of students to shop fashion online. A phenomenological interviewing method was used to generate detailed and in-depth descriptions of the seven students’ experiences of the University of Borås. Respectively three utilitarian and four hedonic online shopping motivations emerged out of the data and could be linked the motivations identified by Vignali and Reid (2014). This paper analyses the utilitarian online shopping motivations respectively convenience, price and discounts and selections and hedonic online shopping motivations respectively enjoyment, sociability, trend discovery and exclusivity. Regarding the utilitarian online shopping motivation convenience several convenience dimensions emerged out of the collected data and matched the dimensions identified by Jiang, Yang and Jun (2013) respectively, respectively access, search, evaluation, transaction, possession and post-purchase convenience. Regarding the hedonic online shopping motivation enjoyment, several dimensions emerged out of the data and could be linked to dimensions identified by Monsuwé et al. (2004) respectively escapism, pleasure and arousal. Some of the linkages that could be found by comparing former research were also found in the data collected. Regarding the utilitarian online shopping motivations, information availability identified by Vignali and Reid (2014) could be linked to evaluation convenience and product availability identified by Vignali and Reid (2014) could be linked to access convenience. Regarding the hedonic online shopping motivations, relaxation shopping identified by (Ozen and Engizek, 2014) could be linked to escapism, social shopping (Ozen and Engizek, 2014) to sociability and idea shopping (Ozen and Engizek, 2014) to trend discovery. The analyses on the linkages further deepened the understanding of both utilitarian and hedonic motivations of students to shop fashion online.
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Gupta, Upavan. "Utilitarian approaches for multi-metric optimization in VLSI circuit design and spatial clustering." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002584.
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Polleys-Bunch, Sandra Dale. "Utilitarian and Community Values In Mainstream and Alternative Health Care on Martha's Vineyard." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10815645.
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Problems endemic to Martha’s Vineyard’s health care system and community efforts to resolve them led to the this community study on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. Such problems included Martha’s Vineyard’s sole hospital and nursing home’s declarations of bankruptcy in 1996, the fluctuation of quality of Vineyard health care organization relations with the community overall, the rate of uninsured that was two times that of Massachusetts overall, the Island’s isolation from mainland medical services, and its health care service scarcities. This ethnography focuses on utilitarian values to explain difficulties that Vineyarders experienced during their efforts to obtain health care and to improve access to health care. Efforts to promote access included the development of health care policies and the formation of mainland and local organization business networks and of local community networks (Wellever 2004:228, 229-230).
Participant observation, structured interview (n=262) and archival data were used. Structured interviews were sought from Vineyarders who expressed an interest in health care. The Martha’s Vineyard Times Supplement (2006) list of property owners and their property values enabled interviews with Vineyarders of a wide range of property assessment values. Still others who had been employed by or had volunteered for a health care organization were found though recommendation, Vineyard media, and chance encounters.
This dissertation uses content analysis of actions performed by individuals, organizations, and communities. Utilitarian values were used to explain such actions. The types of utilitarian values could be thought of as “existing” along a continuum of egoistic (individualistic) utilitarian values and collectivistic utilitarian values or along the further extremes of exploitive egoistic and altruistic collectivistic values. Though Martha’s Vineyard’s communities were diverse, Vineyarders tended to be united by their sense of community. They made efforts to protect their communities from those they believed held opposing definitions that could threaten their communities. Such threats led Vineyarders to strengthen their community ties and to form new communities. Arguably, the malleable, versatile and imprecise (Cohen 1985:18, 21) symbol, “community,” promoted Vineyarders’ social solidarity. Their belief in “community” promoted harmonious social relations because it enabled individuals to reach surface agreements (Cohen 1985:18, 109).
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Bissell, Gavin A. "Spencer's Principles of Psychology and the decline of utilitarian premises in British psychology." The British Psychological Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2730.
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YesDespite the revival of interest in nineteenth century psychology and ethics in Britain during the 1980s, and the current debate around Utilitarian ethics in medicine (Buckle, 2005) and care (Offer, 2004), Utilitarian premises, understood as a psychological theory rather than as a moral philosophy, remain largely dormant in contemporary British Psychology. This is so despite their apparent survival in Behaviourism (Plaud & Vogeltanz, 1994). This article examines aspects of their decline within Victorian psychology, by focussing upon the relatively neglected psychological writings of Herbert Spencer. In doing so, it seeks to make a modest contribution to unravelling the complex changes in the nature of nineteenth-century psychology. In particular it is argued that, whilst some explanations of the decline of Utilitarian premises in the Victorian development of psychology focus upon the later part of the century and cultural or institutional factors, an examination of Spencer's works at the mid-century supports the view that changes were under way earlier. Whilst several explanations might be offered for this, changes in economic organisation and in the experience of individual agency are highlighted. The relation between Utilitarian psychology and Utilitarian ethics will then be considered. Finally, at this stage it should be possible to comment upon the significance of the marginalization of Utilitarian premises within the development of Victorian psychology for the contemporary debate about health resource allocation.
ESRC
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Gilbert, Gregory Wallace. "The recursive value of non-utilitarian writing as applied to cognitive domain theories." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/551.
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Amaral, Brilhante A. "The centrality of accountability in John Stuart Mill's liberal-utilitarian conception of democracy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444009/.
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This thesis argues that accountability was a central concern in Mill's liberal-utilitarian political thought. This concern was a product of his conviction that a truly democratic society, which permitted individuals to develop their deliberative capacities, was possible only where there was an equilibrium of power. Without such an equilibrium, the danger was that the majority would impose conformity with its own values and practices. It is argued that Mill proposed the institutionalisation of debate in order to aid individuals in the use of critical reasoning, which he regarded as an essential component of human well-being and a necessary means for the improvement of society. He saw the protection of individual liberty from the encroachment of the majority, and the multiplication of the centres of power in society, as instrumental in rendering the masses accountable, and thereby preventing stagnation. Mill aimed to protect individual liberty by preventing the formation of power which was unaccountable both in the public and private spheres. He thought that a balance of power in all areas of society promoted co-operation in political, economic, and family relations. In this sense, unchecked forms of economic power were as detrimental to society as unchecked forms of political power, in that they both brought about tyranny. Mill adopted the optimistic belief that the institutionalisation of debate would make human beings into altruistic moral agents. This thesis argues that Mill's liberal-utilitarian conception of democracy makes a significant contribution to political theory, in that it enshirines the ideas that a well-ordered society prevents individuals, groups, and governments from improperly imposing their wishes over others, and that socio-political reforms have to take into account the characteristics of human nature and national character, and the historical trends operating in society.
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Bartkienė, Aistė. "A search for methodological basis in theories of bioethics, based on deontology and utilitarianism." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120302_094057-14318.
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The object of dissertation is bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism. The purpose of dissertation is to examine if ethical principles proposed in bioethical theories are normatively justified. In this work comparative analysis of bioethical theories is made and theoretical assumptions of bioethical conceptions are analyzed. It is stated that according to the construction manner of the analyzed bioethical theories it is possible to group these theories to homogenic and heterogenic ones. Homogenic theories are proceeding along particular ethical tradition (deontological or utilitarian) and propose to deal with bioethical controversies such as abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide applying particular value-system. Heterogenic theories are trying to combine deontology with utilitarianism in one conception and in this way to propose method suitable for pluralistic society for dealing with bioethical controversies. In this work it is stated that bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism do not introduce any clear and acceptable principles and methods needed for solving bioethical issues.Mokslinio darbo objektas - bioetikos teorijos, paremtos deontologija ir utilitarizmu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti bioetikos teorijose siūlomų etinių principų normatyvinį pagrįstumą. Moksliniame darbe yra atlikta lyginamoji bioetikos teorijų analizė, išanalizuotas teorinių bioetikos koncepcijų prielaidų pagrįstumas. Yra teigiama, kad analizuojamas bioetikos teorijas galima skirstyti pagal jų konstravimo podūdį į homogeniškas ir heterogeniškas. Homogeniškos teorijos tesia konkrečią etinę tradiciją (deontologijos ar utilitarizmo) ir siūlo spręsti bioetines kontroversijas, tokias kaip abortai, eunazija, pagelbstimoji savižudybė taikant konkrečias vertybines nuostatas, būdingas astovaujamai šakai. Heterogeniškos teorijos bando derinti deontologiją su utilitarizmu vienoje koncepcijoje, siekdamos pasiūlyti bioetinių kontroversijų sprendimo būdus priimtinus pliuralistinėje visuomenėje. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad deontologija ir utilitarizmu pagrįstos bioetinės teorijos nepasiūlo aiškių ir priimtinų principų, reikalingų sprendžiant bioetines kontroversijas.
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Erlandsson, Ola. "Etik och Genteknik - En innehållslig idéanalys av den svenska synen på genteknik." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2563.
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Ett nytt politikområde håller på att ta form, nämligen genteknik- och bioteknikpolitiken. Hur vi väljer att reglera detta nya kunskapsområde avslöjar bland annat hur vi ser på individens rätt kontra samhällets nytta. Bakom vår lagstiftning gällande genteknik ligger således etiska och moralfilosofiska idéer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga i vilken utsträckning den svenska synen på genteknik, vid tidpunkterna 1984, 2000 och 2008, präglas av utilitaristiska och/eller libertarianska idéer. Metoden som används för att fullgöra syftet är en innehållslig idéanalys, där idealtyper konstrueras som analysverktyg. Idealtyperna kommer sedan att ställas mot det empiriska materialet, som utgörs av tre SOU rapporter från 1984, 2000 och 2008.
Resultaten visar tendenser till att individens rättigheter ses som primära framför samhällets nytta. Det finns dock, inom varierande aspekter, olika grader av både utilitaristiska och libertarianska idéer i den svenska synen på genteknik.
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Zeeman, Riané Cherylise. "Hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations among South African black Generation Y students / Riané Cherylise Zeeman." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10627.
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With the South African retail industry being a major and attractive industry, marketers and retailers are pressured to obtain and maintain a competitive advantage by developing marketing strategies that appeal to various consumers. Retailers need to focus on satisfying consumers’ needs, as well as offering a full shopping experience. Shopping entails more than the mere selection of products. Consumers’ motivation or driving force behind the act of shopping is embedded in satisfying internal needs. These motivations are grouped into two collections, namely hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations. Consumers driven by hedonic shopping motivations are interested in the shopping experience, as well as the experiential and emotional aspects thereof. However, consumers driven by utilitarian shopping motivations are goal-oriented and concerned with the task-related value and the functional aspects of shopping. Marketers and retailers may use consumer-shopping motives to divide the market into segments and develop strategies to target specific segments. Published literature on the consumer behaviour of the South African black Generation Y cohort is limited and an absence occurs with reference to the shopping motivations of this cohort. In the South African context, individuals born between 1986 and 2005, labelled Generation Y, account for 38 percent of the total South African population, and the black Generation Y individuals represent 83 percent of the total Generation Y cohort. Individuals within the black Generation Y cohort attaining tertiary qualifications are likely to represent the future ‘Black Diamonds’, enjoying higher earnings and a higher social status, which together is likely to make them opinion leaders amongst their peers. For that reason, the black Generation Y student cohort is an exceptionally attractive market segment, and it is critical for retailers and marketers to understand their shopping behaviour and motivations in order to develop effective marketing strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine South African black Generation Y students’ utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations. The target population of this study comprised full-time undergraduate black Generation Y students; aged between 18 and 24 years and enrolled at South African registered public higher education institutions (HEIs). The sampling frame comprised the 23 registered South African public HEIs. A non-probability judgement sample method was utilised to select one traditional university and one university of technology in the Gauteng province, from the sampling frame. For this study, a convenience sample of 600 black Generation Y students enrolled at these two South African HEIs during 2013 was drawn. The relevant primary data was obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was hand delivered to the contacted lecturers at each of these two HEIs. These lecturers distributed the self-administered questionnaire during one lecture period. This questionnaire requested the participants to indicate on a six-point Likert scale the level of their agreement or disagreement on 26 items designed to measure their utilitarian and hedonic shopping motivations, as well as to provide certain demographic data. The findings of this study indicate that within the hedonic subscale, black Generation Y students found value and adventure shopping to be the strongest motivators for shopping. Within the utilitarian subscale, black Generation Y students found achievement to be the strongest motivator for shopping. Previous research found gender to have an influence on the hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations of consumers. This study confirms previous findings where statistically significant differences were found between the shopping motivations of male and female black Generation Y students. The study found significant differences concerning the first-, second- and third-year black Generation Y students’ hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations. Insights gained from this study will help both marketers and retailers understand the current black Generation Y consumers’ motivations for shopping with reference to hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations.MCom (Marketing Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Peterson, Patricia. "Explaining the technological gender gap : self-efficacy, utilitarian attitudes, and computer use among college students /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063546/.
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Gunnarsson, Hampus. "The Replaceability Argument : An evaluation of a utilitarian argument for the permissibility of purchasing meat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för praktisk filosofi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-369051.
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The thesis is an evaluation of a utilitarian argument for the permissibility of purchasing meat. The argument, which I call the replaceability argument, rests on four premises: 1. Meat purchases cause animals to be brought into existence. 2. The animals brought into existence by meat purchases live lives of positive final value. 3. If the first two premises are true, then meat purchases cause at least as good consequences as any alternative act. 4. If meat purchases cause at least as good consequences as any alternative act, then meat purchases are permissible. The first three premises are examined while the fourth one, representing consequentialism, is assumed to be true. The evaluation results in the conclusion that the argument is unsound because all of the premises evaluated turn out to be either doubtful or false.
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Engelbrecht, Lizelle. "The role of hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations in males' fashion leadership behaviour in Gauteng." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53489.
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The introduction of new fashion products is an important growth strategy for retailers to be competitive. However, for these new products to be successful consumers and ultimately the mass market need to adopt them within the apparel product s relative lifetime (Goldsmith, Heitmeyer & Freiden, 1991; Polegato & Wall, 1980). Fashion leadership plays an immense role in the adoption and success of new fashions, or innovations, as it facilitates and accelerates mass acceptance (Kim & Hong, 2011; Kang & Park-Poaps, 2010: 312). Fashion innovators adopt new styles, interpret them and give them visibility within their social worlds, and fashion opinion leaders interact and spread the fashion innovation both visually and verbally (Kaiser, 1997: 492; Goldsmith & Flynn, 1991).. Fashion leaders represent a small portion of the population, but they are responsible for the ultimate success of this innovation as they initiate and accelerate the diffusion process of a new fashion product (Clark & Goldsmith, 2006; Goldsmith et al., 1999).
Purchase decisions are driven by certain shopping motivations largely categorised as utilitarian and hedonic (Babin, Darden & Griffin, 1994: 644). Utilitarian shopping motivations are task-orientated, rational and cognitive; it depends on whether the particular consumption need stimulating the shopping trip was accomplished (Cardaso & Pinto, 2010: 540; Babin et al., 1994: 646). Whereas hedonic shopping motivations can be defined as those facets of behaviour that relate to the multisensory, fantasy and emotive aspects of consumption and is therefore driven by the fun associated with consumption of the product and the criteria for success is essentially aesthetic in nature (Cardoso & Pinto, 2010: 540; Arnold & Reynolds, 2003: 78). Male shoppers are becoming increasingly important in retail and other consumer settings and yet they are under-represented or either totally ignored by most consumer research (Bakewell & Mitchell, 2004: 237). To date research has primarily focused on women as they buy so many products and influences so many decisions; this has led to male shopping behaviour being grossly under-researched even though societal role and expectation shifts have taken place (Mitchell & Walsh, 2004: 332). The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the role of hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations in males fashion leadership behaviour in Gauteng.
An exploratory survey research design was employed to provide insight into what are the shopping motivations of male fashion leadership behaviour. The sample consisted of 250 (n=250) male consumer who purchase apparel and reside in the Gauteng province of South Africa, specifically the metropolitan areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria. A non-probability sampling technique was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used where the sample selected by the researcher was composed of elements that contain the most characteristics, representative or typical attributes required for the specific unit of measurement (Strydom, 2011: 232). Communication patterns and friendships among a clique of innovators are common, even though they may be geographically distanced (Rogers, 2003: 282); therefore snowball sampling was also employed. Referrals were used in order to maximise exposure to relevant respondents (Strydom, 2011: 233). The questionnaire was distributed through paper-based and online self-adminitered format.
The results of this study provided valuable insights regarding the shopping motivations of male fashion leaders within a South African context. The male fashion opinion leader and innovator proved to hold a unique set of values that motivate their fashionable purchasing decisions. It can be concluded that utilitarian shopping motivations are of the most importance when targeting male fashion leaders and should be a main focus for marketers and retailers. Especially within the current economic climate which has proved volatile with rising exchange rates, increased prices and margin cuts. However, the fashion innovator still desires the more frivolous in terms of hedonic shopping motivations and idea and escapism shopping motivations should be targeted.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Consumer Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Lunnun, John Arnold. "Five children and a paradigm : the cultural construction of romantic and utilitarian concepts of childhood." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2004. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20152/.
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This thesis identifies and challenges two distinct modes of describing contemporary childhood and traces these two modes to their roots in the philosophies of mind that engendered the Enlightemnent. It is argued that these two modes, labelled for ease of reference Romantic and Utilitarian as culturally constructed during the Enlightenment are no longer capable of containing the meaning of childhood within a rapidly changing technological environment. Furthermore, it is argued that the adherents to these two modes perpetuate a continuous debate between these ideas of childhood that is inconclusive and as such does a disservice to children. By adopting a multi-disciplinary approach this thesis contributes to the body of work already existing on childhood development by contextulising the research within cultural studies. This approach enables childhood to be seen as a cultural construct within human social development rather than as a 'unique' time that is preserved by adults for each subsequent generation of children. Returning childhood to the 'mainstream' of society not only enables a negotiated settlement between the two modes of childhood to be proposed but also suggests a unique way or remodelling childhood that engages with the social, cultural, scientific and teclmological developments that are and will be faced by contemporary and future generations.
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Torkelsson, Martin. "Organdonation : En normativ studie utifrån utilitarism och klassisk liberalism och deras applicerbarhet på svensk lagstiftning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62127.
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The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it makes a normative idea analysis concerning organ donation, by comparing the perspectives of utilitarianism and classical liberalism. Secondly, it applies these perspectives on the Swedish legislation, in order to understand it in a political philosophical view. As a theoretical framework, the paper uses the two perspectives´ overarching ethical standpoints, but also try to discern their views on four - for the topic -appropriate concepts, these being the concepts of liberty, consent and self-ownership. These are then bundled together into two so-called ”ideal types”, to use for making normative statements about what the most morally right legislation would be concerning organ donation. In utilitarianism, an agent-neutral overall happiness is at the forefront, which leads it to prioritize an increase in donations over the autonomy of the individual. This makes the case for a conscription of organs or the softer notion of an opt-out system. Classical liberalism focus more on the right to self-ownership and negative liberty, and therefore argue for an opt-in system, which requires the explicit consent of the individual. Lastly, the paper makes the claim that the Swedish legislation falls in a category inbetween the normative judgements of the two perspectives, as it prescribes an opt-out system, but reserves the right of the family to refuse a donation, in case the deceased had not made a choice ante mortem.
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Safranyik, Gina Diane Michelle. "Macro-allocation of health care resources, a computer simulation comparing a utilitarian and a deontological approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ48204.pdf.
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Kissiah, Clark J. "The Deontological and Utilitarian Cases for Rectifying Structural Injustice in Sweatshop Labor Ethics: A Critical Assessment." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/923.
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Sweatshop labor has been condemned by scholars, activists, students and consumers in more developed countries on charges of wrongful exploitation, and a failure to respect the dignity, and basic needs of sweatshop workers. This paper surveys charges against sweatshop labor, and some of the more influential arguments for, and against, rectifying the background structural injustices that perpetuate it. I argue that in certain sweatshop cases, compensating workers below a prima facie morally acceptable level can be most successful in striving towards the duty of beneficence that employers owe to their employees. Therefore, we ought to pursue utility-maximizing acts over others in better alignment with a deontic duty to compensate employees at a certain level. I eventually conclude that this debate is a paradigm example of deontological versus utilitarian moral judgments. Sometimes, utility maximizing acts are morally impermissible. Sometimes, adhering to deontic duties instead of committing a wrong to produce a right is morally required. In the circumstances that I describe, the morally right acts ought to be those that are most successful in maximizing overall utility for the most number of people. This responsibility coincides with acts that may not compensate workers at a prima facie morally acceptable level, but incidentally maximize overall utility, welfare and autonomy for some of the world’s most marginalized and impoverished people.
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Liu, Jia. "A utilitarian assessment of bilateral inverstment treaties if People's Republic of China and their prospective development." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952230.
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Gao, Bowen. "Utilitarian Mindset across Cultures: The Calculative Strategy for Mobile Payment Adoption in the U.S. and China." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1595955007753972.
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Colyn, Ronelle. "A utilitarian perspective on geography curricula." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9593.
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M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies)"The gap between school and work has widened because schools have taken too little account of the realities of the working world. Indeed, despite massive expansion in the upper secondary school system, little has been done in this direction in changing the basic curriculum content, ..• the deficiencies found can be traced back to this root cause. [With a] lack [of] practical orientation and guidance, expectations and aspirations become untenable and attitudes towards employment wrong. Yet, occupational choice, as well as aspirations for a certain type of job are, to some extent at least, conditioned by those aspirations nurtured both in the school and in the social environment, both of which, it would seem, are divorced from reality. Inevitably, disappointment and disillusion are the outcome of this. Often the type of information given to young people about the world is either unrealistic [or] superficial, both. It is then hardly surprising that those initially motivated towards choosing an occupation suited to their needs and skills soon find their expectations thwarted. Convinced that, having given of their best, society apparently does not need them, they withdraw into themselves" (Sellin, 1978 : 54/55).
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Chao, Min-Hsiu, and 趙敏秀. "A Comparison between Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92532932166313475366.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理所
90
Nowadays, the consumption behavior of consumers is more complicated and uncontrollable than before; besides, whether in local or in import, as well as in tradition or in fashion, there has been a new set of consumption concept different from the tradition-referring to the coming of age of the two-way-extreme and multi-choice consumption. Consumption habits of consumers are not simple, thus the values to consumers also have diverse guides and are hard to be defined. The way consumer choose products is affected by the consideration of hedonic and utilitarian purposes, in other words, the buying strategies of " hedonic Value" and " utilitarian Value" are both existed in our society today. This study tries to explore what the consumer does explain "value"-be influenced not only by the individual value approach, but also by factors of the products versatileness and buying strategy circumstances. Through discussing concepts of the two-way-extreme and multi-choice consumptions, the research motivation of this study is to analyze and understand the existed patterns of the two-ways-extreme and multi-choices consumptions, furthermore, it also discusses the decision behavior of consumers in order to provide more complete and correct forecast about this aspect. The result shows: 1.The Final consumption decision of consumers results from the consumption attitude at that moment before. There are apparent differences. 2.The final consumption decision is affected by how long to decide in the buying process. There are apparent differences. 3.There are close relationships between “hedonic value" and “utilitarian value" and the personality. 4.People with different personality have different final buying strategy. There are apparent differences.
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Chandak, Chetan. "A utilitarian comparison of nonlinear regression methods." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Chandak_okstate_0664M_10235.pdf.
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Su, Hsiang-Hua, and 蘇香樺. "Linking Service Convenience to Utilitarian Shopping Value." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z3bcra.
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博士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
107
Based on the Stimuli-Organism-Response framework, current research examines how consumers’ reasons/stimuli (cf. service convenience) for shopping affect their perceived store shopping value (utilitarian), and their ability to regulate their emotional state that leads to their shopping satisfaction. More particularly, to find out the personal distinction characteristics defining individual’s responses to the shopping environment, this study employs approach/avoidance motivation as a moderator assessing the correlation between service convenience and utilitarian shopping values. To examine our research model, measurement data are collected from customers of retail stores in Taiwan. A total of 402 questionnaires were returned. A structural equation modeling with simple slope analysis was employed for our hypothesis testing. The findings show that there were four dimensions of service convenience positively relevant to utilitarian shopping values, but access convenience wasn’t related to utilitarian shopping values. Then utilitarian shopping values were positively related to shopping satisfaction. The correlation between service convenience and utilitarian shopping values were stronger among the approach motivation customers compared with the avoidance motivation customers. This study provides theoretical and managerial implications.
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Yen, Ming-Chih, and 顏銘志. "Utilitarian Ethics and Its Implication On Moral Education." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22789723224410384668.
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博士高雄師範大學
教育學系
98
Since Jeremy Bentham mentioned the modern western utilitarianism. It has been modified by John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick. The theory had been more completed after the criticism and supplements from many modern moral philosophers. The goal of this research is to study the content and related problems of utilitarianism. This study will also give a general review of the moral education. It used philosophical research and found the following results. Utilitarian ethics 1. Utilitarianism can be improved with modern day applications. 2. Utilitarianism aims at happiness as highest goal of morality. 3. Utilitarians possess consequentialism which is open, practical and can be examined. 4. There is positive meaning in the agreement between individual interest and social utility. 5.The greatest happiness is in the standard of good or wrong behaviors. It may not necessarily be the motive of action. 6. It is normal to obey moral rules. It is expedient to use principle of utility. 7. The moral decision of utilitarianism is based on rational estimation, equality and maximum happiness. 8.The ultimate sanction of utilitarianism is that of the social feelings of mankind, is the desire to unify with our fellow-creatures. 9.Generalized benevolence as utilitarianism have argued that is cultivated by education and environment. 10. Utilitarianism offered alternative option for public policy. 11. Utilitarianism and deontology can complement each other. 12.The relationship between utilitarianism and other theories should be moderated. Utilitarian ethics on moral education 1.They pursued the greatest happiness for improving the effect of moral education. 2.The end result is used to justify the actions, which emphasis the importance of moral responsibility. 3.Use rational moral reasoning to perform good moral behaviors. 4.Unite utility and justice to motivate moral behaviors. 5.Environment and education are the foundation for virtue. 6.Institutional reforms should be aided by spiritual renewal in order to be successful. Finally, the researcher uses the analysis of each chapter and the results to present several suggestions on departments of education and teachers for reference.
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ISHIKAWA, Yoshiko, and 佳子 石川. "Choice between Abstract Hedonic and Concrete Utilitarian Alternatives." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15057/30887.
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