Relevant bibliographies by topics / Utility scores

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Utility scores'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Utility scores"

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Landon, Emily, and Michael D. Howell. "The Utility of Utility Scores." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 12, no. 7 (2015): 976–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201505-262ed.

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Boyd, S. R., J. E. Martin, M. R. First, and J. F. Whiting. "Health utility scores following renal transplantation." Transplantation Proceedings 33, no. 1-2 (2001): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02705-6.

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CHANDNANI, Sanjay, Pravin RATHI, Suhas Sudhakarrao UDGIRKAR, Nikhil SONTHALIA, Qais CONTRACTOR, and Samit JAIN. "CLINICAL UTILITY OF RISK SCORES IN VARICEAL BLEEDING." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 56, no. 3 (2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-54.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Variceal bleeding remains important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleed. Various risk scores are used in risk stratification for non-variceal bleed. Their utility in variceal bleeding patients is not clear. This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. To study characteristics and validate AIMS65, Rockall, Glasgow Blatchford score(GBS), Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) score in variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) patients for predicting various outcomes in our population. METHODS: Three hundred subjects with UGIB were screened prospectively. Of these 141 patients with variceal bleeding were assessed with clinical, blood investigations and endoscopy and risk scores were calculated and compared to non-variceal cases. All cases were followed up for 30 days for mortality, rebleeding, requirement of blood transfusion and need of radiological or surgical intervention. RESULTS: Variceal bleeding (141) was more common than non variceal (134) and 25 had negative endoscopy. In variceal group, cirrhosis (85%) was most common etiology. Distribution of age and sex were similar in both groups. Presence of coffee coloured vomitus (P=0.002), painless bleed (P=0.001), edema (P=0.001), ascites (P=0.001), hemoglobin <7.5 gms (P<0.001), pH<7.35 (P<0.001), serum bicarbonate level <17.6 mmol/L (P<0.001), serum albumin<2.75 gms% (P<0.001), platelet count <1.2 lacs/µL (P<0.001), high INR 1.35 (P<0.001), BUN >25mmol/L (P<0.001), and ASA status (P<0.001), high lactate >2.85 mmol/L (P=0.001) were significant. However, no factor was found significant on multivariate analysis. Rockall was found to be significant in predicting mortality and rebleed. AIMS65 was also significant in predicting mortality. GBS was significant in predicting blood transfusion and need of intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality. CONCLUSION: All four scores had lower predictive potential in predicting events in variceal bleed. However, AIMS65 & Rockall score were significant in predicting mortality, while GBS in predicting need of transfusion and intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality.
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Yoon, Alexander Y., Laura Bozzuto, Andrew J. Seto, Carla S. Fisher, and Abhishek Chatterjee. "ASO Author Reflections: Cost-Utility Analysis, Utility Scores, and Surgical Oncology." Annals of Surgical Oncology 26, S3 (2019): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07398-5.

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Kaambwa, Billingsley, Lucinda Billingham, and Stirling Bryan. "Mapping utility scores from the Barthel index." European Journal of Health Economics 14, no. 2 (2011): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-011-0364-5.

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Sinno, Hani, Stephanie Thibaudeau, Ali Izadpanah, et al. "Utility Outcome Scores for Unilateral Facial Paralysis." Annals of Plastic Surgery 69, no. 4 (2012): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e318246e698.

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Lambert, Samuel A., Gad Abraham, and Michael Inouye. "Towards clinical utility of polygenic risk scores." Human Molecular Genetics 28, R2 (2019): R133—R142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz187.

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Abstract Prediction of disease risk is an essential part of preventative medicine, often guiding clinical management. Risk prediction typically includes risk factors such as age, sex, family history of disease and lifestyle (e.g. smoking status); however, in recent years, there has been increasing interest to include genomic information into risk models. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the effects of many genetic variants across the human genome into a single score and have recently been shown to have predictive value for multiple common diseases. In this review, we summarize the potential use cases for seven common diseases (breast cancer, prostate cancer, coronary artery disease, obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease) where PRS has or could have clinical utility. PRS analysis for these diseases frequently revolved around (i) risk prediction performance of a PRS alone and in combination with other non-genetic risk factors, (ii) estimation of lifetime risk trajectories, (iii) the independent information of PRS and family history of disease or monogenic mutations and (iv) estimation of the value of adding a PRS to specific clinical risk prediction scenarios. We summarize open questions regarding PRS usability, ancestry bias and transferability, emphasizing the need for the next wave of studies to focus on the implementation and health-economic value of PRS testing. In conclusion, it is becoming clear that PRS have value in disease risk prediction and there are multiple areas where this may have clinical utility.
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Yao, Christopher, Alyssa Kahane, Eric Monteiro, Fred Gentili, Gelareh Zadeh, and John de Almeida. "Preferences and Utilities for Health States after Treatment of Olfactory Groove Meningioma: Endoscopic versus Open." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 78, no. 04 (2017): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598197.

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Objectives The purpose of this study is to report health utility scores for patients with olfactory groove meningiomas (OGM) treated with either the standard transcranial approach, or the expanded endonasal endoscopic approach. Design The time trade-off technique was used to derive health utility scores. Setting Healthy individuals without skull base tumors were surveyed. Main Outcome Measures Participants reviewed and rated scenarios describing treatment (endoscopic, open, stereotactic radiation, watchful waiting), remission, recurrence, and complications associated with the management of OGMs. Results There were 51 participants. The endoscopic approach was associated with higher utility scores compared with an open craniotomy approach (0.88 vs. 0.74; p < 0.001) and watchful waiting (0.88 vs.0.74; p = 0.002). If recurrence occurred, revision endoscopic resection continued to have a higher utility score compared with revision open craniotomy (0.68; p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, older individuals were more likely to opt for watchful waiting (p = 0.001), whereas participants from higher income brackets were more likely to rate stereotactic radiosurgery with higher utility scores (p = 0.017). Conclusion The endoscopic approach was associated with higher utility scores than craniotomy for primary and revision cases. The present utilities can be used for future cost-utility analyses.
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Dimassi, Hani, Soumana C. Nasser, Aline Issa, Sarine S. Adrian, and Bassima Hazimeh. "Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Health Conditions in Lebanese Community Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168817.

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Background: The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides utility scores that could be used for health economics assessment. The aim of this study was to measure HRQoL in Lebanese patients with certain medical conditions, and to determine demographic and medical factors affecting such health utility scores. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional pilot study conducted to gather information on the socioeconomic status, health condition and quality of life of participants with common diseases during their community pharmacy visit. The EuroQol-5-Dimension instrument was used to measure utility scores and SPSS v26 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: Participants (n = 102) gave an average of 6.8 and 7.4 out of 10 for their current health and for their satisfaction with their treatment, respectively. The mean utility score was 0.762 (SD 0.202). The number of prescribed medications per respondent indicated a significant impact on HRQoL (p = 0.002). On average, the utility scores were low for participants who were 75 years or older (0.15, p < 0.001), and those who were hospitalized in the past 12 months (0.111, p < 0.001). For every unit increase in treatment satisfaction, the quality-of-life score increased by 0.036 unit (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This pilot study measured health utility scores and factors influencing HRQoL in the Lebanese population. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to develop and validate tools helping to measure health related quality of life in the population in Lebanon.
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Feeny, D., C. M. Blanchard, J. L. Mahon, et al. "The stability of utility scores: Test–retest reliability and the interpretation of utility scores in elective total hip arthroplasty." Quality of Life Research 13, no. 1 (2004): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:qure.0000015307.33811.2d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Utility scores"

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Ghushchyan, Vahram. "Econometric methods for estimating health utility and a catalogue of preference-based scores for chronic diseases." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207770.

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Lea, Erin J. "Road map: The utility of cognitive assessments to predict the driving capacity of geriatric veterans." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1372441395.

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Craig, Thomas R. "The Utility of Standardized Achievement Test Scores as a Predictor of Geographic Knowledge and Abilities in Undergraduates at an Urban Ohio University." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1213040235.

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Legg, David E. "The utility of curriculum-based measurement within a multitiered framework| Establishing cut scores as predictors of student performance on the Alaska standards-based assessment." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557477.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between student performance on Reading Curriculum-based Measures (R-CBM) and student performance on the Alaska's standards based assessment (SBA) administered to students in Studied School District (SSD) Grade 3 through Grade 5 students in the Studied School District as required by Alaska's accountability system. The 2 research questions were: (a) To what extent, if at all, is there a relationship between student performance on the R-CBM tools administered in Grades 3, 4, and 5 in the fall, winter, and spring and student performance on the Alaska SBA administered in the spring of the same school year in the SSD? (b) To what extent, if at all, can cut scores be derived for each of the 3 R-CBM testing windows in the fall, winter, and spring that predict success on the Alaska SBA administered in the spring of the same school year in the SSD? The Study School District (SSD) served approximately 9,500 students, with 14% of students eligible for special education services. The enrollment was 81% Caucasian, 10% Alaska Native, 3% Hispanic, 3% multiethnic, and 4% as the total of American Indian, Asian, Black, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. The sample was 3rd (<i>n</i> = 472), 4th (<i>n</i> = 435), and 5th (<i>n</i> = 517) graders and consisted of all students with an Alaska SBA score and an R-CBM score for each of the 3 administrations of the R-CBM used in the 2009-2010 (FY10) and 2010-2011 (FY11) years. Pearson correlations were significant between R-CBM scores across 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades and the same grade Alaska SBA scores for FY10 data, <i>r</i> = .689 to <i>r</i> = .728, <i>p</i> &lt; .01. A test of the full model with R-CBM as predictor against a constant-only model was statistically reliable, <i>p</i> &lt; .001. The R-CBM reliably distinguished between passing and failing the Alaska SBA for students in Grades 3 through 5. Criterion validity of the cut scores was ascertained by applying scores to the FY11 data and yielded adequate levels of sensitivity from 49% to 88% while specificity levels ranged from 89% to 97%.</p>
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Prigent, Amélie. "Qualité de vie des usagers des services de psychiatrie et facteurs associés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T047/document.

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CONTEXTE : Les critères de jugement prenant en compte le ressenti des patients, tels que la qualité de vie, deviennent des éléments déterminants pour l’évaluation des prises en charge et l’aide à la décision. Bien que les troubles mentaux représentent un fardeau considérable tant en termes de prévalence que de conséquences économiques, les connaissances sur la qualité de vie des patients pris en charge par les services de psychiatrie sont limitées, ce qui complexifie la prise de décisions éclairées dans le champ de la santé mentale.OBJECTIFS : Nos objectifs étaient d’évaluer la qualité de vie, mesurée par des scores d’utilité, des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux en France, de mesurer la perte de qualité de vie attribuable à ces troubles et d’identifier les facteurs qui y sont associés.MATERIEL ET METHODES : Après une revue de la littérature décrivant les instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie utilisés en santé mentale, nous avons évalué la qualité de vie des patients pris en charge par le secteur de psychiatrie générale en mobilisant deux instruments permettant le calcul de scores d’utilité : le SF-36, permettant le calcul de scores d’utilité via le SF-6D, et l’EQ-5D. Nous avons comparé leurs performances et avons évalué leur concordance. Nous avons confronté la qualité de vie des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux à celle de la population générale en mobilisant les données du volet « ménages » de l’enquête Handicap-Santé. Enfin, nous avons recouru à des outils de modélisation adaptés aux spécificités des distributions des scores d’utilité pour étudier les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques et les prises en charge psychiatriques des patients qui y sont associées.RESULTATS : Notre enquête a inclus 212 patients. Leurs scores d’utilité moyens s’élevaient à 0,684 dans le cas d’une mesure par le SF-6D et à 0,624 dans le cas de l’EQ-5D et étaient inférieurs de 11% à ceux de la population générale. Le fait d’être une femme et le fait d’être sévèrement malade étaient associés à des scores d’utilité plus faibles. Les patients ayant été librement hospitalisés à temps plein, par rapport à ceux ne l’ayant pas été, avaient tendance à avoir des scores SF-6D plus faibles tandis que les patients pris en charge à temps partiel présentaient des scores SF-6D plus élevés. Les scores d’utilité SF-6D et EQ-5D n’étaient pas concordants. Si les deux instruments étaient comparables en termes d’acceptabilité et de validité discriminante et convergente, l’EQ-5D était moins sensible, présentant un effet plafond, et les modèles mis en œuvre pour identifier les facteurs associés à ce score présentaient des performances modestes.CONCLUSION : Nos travaux ont permis d’objectiver l’impact négatif des troubles mentaux sur la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Les différences importantes identifiées entre les scores d’utilité SF-6D et EQ-5D font du choix de l’instrument le plus adapté un enjeu majeur. Le manque de sensibilité du score d’utilité EQ-5D et les difficultés rencontrées pour trouver un modèle statistique adapté aux spécificités de ce score suggèrent une meilleure adéquation du SF-6D au champ de la santé mentale. Cependant, des travaux menés sur des échantillons de taille plus conséquente seront mis en œuvre pour préciser nos résultats<br>BACKGROUND: Assessment criteria which take patients’ perceptions into account, such as quality of life, are becoming increasingly important in health services assessment and policy and clinical decision-making. Despite the fact that mental disorders represent a significant burden in terms of prevalence and economic consequences, there is a lack of knowledge regarding quality of life of patients cared for by mental health care services which impedes informed decision-making in the field of psychiatry.OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to measure quality of life using utility scores of people cared for by mental health care services in France; to assess the loss of quality of life attributable to mental disorders; and to identify factors associated with quality of life.MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a literature review describing quality of life tools used in the field of mental health, we undertook a survey to measure the quality of life of people suffering from mental disorders who were treated in the general psychiatric sector using two tools and the corresponding utility scores: the SF-36, allowing calculation of utility scores by the SF-6D, and the EQ-5D. We compared them in terms of performance, and we assessed their consistency. We evaluated the quality of life loss attributable to mental disorders considering data from the French general population-based survey on health and disabilities as a reference. Finally, we used several models adapted to the specificities of the utility score distributions to identify socio-demographic, clinical and mental health care utilization characteristics associated with quality of life.RESULTS: 212 patients were included. The mean utility score was 0.684 when assessed by the SF-6D, and 0.624 when assessed by the EQ-5D. Utility scores of patients suffering from mental disorders were 11% lower than those of the general population. Being a woman and being severely ill were factors associated with lower utility scores using both tools. In comparison with no hospitalization, voluntary hospitalization within the past 12 months was associated with lower SF-6D utility scores, whereas part-time hospitalization was linked with higher SF-6D utility scores. SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores showed poor agreement in measuring quality of life. These instruments were similar in terms of acceptability as well as discriminant and convergent validity; however, the EQ-5D showed lower sensitivity, illustrated by a ceiling effect, and the models used to study factors associated with this score showed poor performances.CONCLUSION: We objectivized the negative impact of mental disorders on quality of life. Considering the significant differences identified between the SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores, the choice of the most adapted instrument constitutes a major issue. The lack of sensitivity of the EQ-5D and the difficulties experienced in finding a model adapted to the specificities of this score would suggest that the SF-6D is better suited to the field of mental health. However, our results must be confirmed by analysis on larger samples
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Hill, Rebecca Jaye. "The utility of the propensity score in enhancing comparisons across multiple years of surveys." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289975.

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The primary aim of the study was to determine if the propensity score data analytic procedure was sufficient to remove the sampling bias that was thought to be present in a large multiple-year smoking prevalence survey. The survey under examination was the Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS) administered in the state of Arizona in 1996, 1999, and 2002 by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program. Information provided by the ATS is used to obtain estimates of smoking prevalence and determine attitudes and beliefs about smoking. In an attempt to obtain more relevant information, the ATS was revised between the 1999 and 2002 survey administrations; questions were added or removed, the order in which questions were presented was modified, and question wording was altered. In addition, slight changes in research protocol throughout the years had resulted in different sampling procedures and inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was suspected that these differences between the survey years had resulted in sampling bias or selection error. In an attempt to control for the sampling bias, two propensity score analyses were conducted that examine differences between survey years as well as differences due to variations in the surveys. It was anticipated that examining participants that had been stratified and matched using the calculated propensity scores would facilitate the comparison of groups that were originally nonequivalent. After stratifying and matching the participants, the two propensity analyses resulted in statewide prevalence estimates that were similar for the three years and revealed a steady decline in smoking prevalence. Based upon the results obtained with this investigation, it was concluded that the propensity score performs adequately to remove sampling bias in large multiple-year surveys.
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Yoshikawa, Yusuke. "Validating Utility of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Score in a Large Pooled Cohort From 3 Japanese Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Studies." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253189.

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Buls, Samantha. "Assessing Utility of a Lifestyle-based Tool in the Clinical Setting as a Primordial Prevention Strategy: The Healthy Heart Score." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534587822628017.

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Fallis, Don, and Peter J. Lewis. "The Brier Rule Is not a Good Measure of Epistemic Utility (and Other Useful Facts about Epistemic Betterness)." ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621517.

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Measures of epistemic utility are used by formal epistemologists to make determinations of epistemic betterness among cognitive states. The Brier rule is the most popular choice (by far) among formal epistemologists for such a measure. In this paper, however, we show that the Brier rule is sometimes seriously wrong about whether one cognitive state is epistemically better than another. In particular, there are cases where an agent gets evidence that definitively eliminates a false hypothesis (and the probabilities assigned to the other hypotheses stay in the same ratios), but where the Brier rule says that things have become epistemically worse. Along the way to this 'elimination experiment' counter-example to the Brier rule as a measure of epistemic utility, we identify several useful monotonicity principles for epistemic betterness. We also reply to several potential objections to this counter-example.
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Steensma, Ronald. "Do Acquisitions Generate Abnormal Returns? Evidence from the Deregulated Electric Utility Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357790.

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From 1992 onwards, the market for corporate control has been changing as a consequence of deregulation in the North American and West European electric utility industry. Motivated by the lack of consensus on the value creation of acquisitions in the deregulated electric utility industry, this study is conducted. Based on a three and eleven-day event window, cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of 714 acquisition announcements between 1997 and 2017 stemming from North American and West European acquirers, it is found that acquisitions generate on average an insignificant CAR of 0.2%. West European bidders generate a significant return of 0.94% which outperforms the average CAR of -0.02% stemming from North American bidders. For the aggregate sample, it is found that geographic diversification strategies do not outperform each other and that industry-focussed deals outperform industry-diversified deals. North American managers should avoid cross-border deals within the North American region because these deals destruct shareholder value. West European managers should engage in geographic or industry-focussed deals because it is shown the stock market believes that these type of acquisitions generate synergies.
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Books on the topic "Utility scores"

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Wightman, Linda F. Beyond FYA: Analysis of the utility of LSAT scores and UGPA for predicting academic success in law school. Law School Admission Council, 2000.

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Offender reentry and cognitive intervention: Propensity score matching utility for outcome assessment. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2014.

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Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua A. Salomon, and Aki Tsuchiya. Methods for obtaining health state utility values: generic preference-based measures of health. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the six most widely used generic preference-based measures of health (GPBMs) (also known as multiattribute utility scales): EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI, AQoL, 15D, and QWB. GPBMs have become the most widely used method for obtaining health state utility values. They contain a health state classification with multilevel dimensions that together describe a universe of health states and a set of values (where full health = 1 and dead = 0) for each health state obtained by eliciting the preferences (typically) of members of the general population. These measures are reviewed in terms of their content, methods of valuation, the scores they generate, and the possible reasons for the differences found. Their performance is reviewed using published evidence on their validity across conditions, and the implications for their use in policy making discussed. The chapter also reviews the generic measures available for use in populations of children and adolescents.
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Hannon, Breffni. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0009.

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The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) consists of eight common symptoms presented as visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100mm. Patients score the ESAS independently where possible; the scores are summed to form an overall distress score and graphed to create a longitudinal visual representation of symptom burden. This study describes the use of the ESAS for patients with advanced cancer (n = 101) admitted to a palliative care unit in Edmonton, Canada. The ESAS was completed twice daily. In 84% of cases, patients completed the ESAS independently initially; 83% ultimately required nurse or family member completion as the patient’s clinical status deteriorated. Distress scores improved over time following admission (mean at Day 1 410+/–95, falling to 362+/–83 by Day 5). There were significant differences between patient, nurse, and family member distress scores. This paper demonstrates for the first time the routine clinical utility of the ESAS.
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Corbett, Jack, and Wouter Veenendaal. Democratization and Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 interrogates modernization theory and the belief that economic growth is key to explaining why democratic regimes rise and fall. Many small states in Africa, the Caribbean, and most significantly the Pacific are poor but retain high Freedom House scores. Conversely, some small states, in Europe in particular, but also Brunei in Asia, tend to be both richer and poorly scored. This demonstrates that while economic performance is clearly relevant to the survival of regimes, the key link is not how wealthy a country is but how elites both utilize their economic resources and narrate the story of their performance. In poorer states, elites keep public expectations low while rewarding loyal followers via practices of clientelism and patronage. In wealthy states, elites link high living standards with regime stability and centralized authority. Thus, the personalization of politics can have unexpected benefits for democratization, especially in small, poorer countries.
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Macdonald, David W., Chris Newman, and Lauren A. Harrington. Beneath the umbrella: conservation out of the limelight. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0030.

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The concluding chapter of this book poses the question: what is special about the musteloids in the context of promoting their conservation. Ranking species on their public appeal, most musteloids score relatively poorly as ambassadors, or flagships, for conservation compared with, for example, big cats. There are individual exceptions (many of the otters, for example, and the endangered ‘celebrity’ species, such as black-footed ferrets or red pandas), and some have potential as umbrella species due to their range overlap with other threatened mammals. The chapter explores if and how musteloids contribute to ecosystem services, and thus their utility value, and assesses the potential for identifying priorities for conservation action (in terms of both priority species and priority countries). The conservation needs of musteloids are varied, and these are not the only important considerations, but they illustrate some of the complexity that is involved.
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Morgan, David. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272111.003.0008.

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The book closes with reflection the scope and utility of enchantment, focusing on the use of enchantment to construct a sense of belonging in the world, as a way of making an indifferent world into a place to belong. Making reference to examples mentioned earlier in the book, as well as exploring the implications of enchantment in Frank Baum’s Wizard of Oz, the author provides a perspective on enchantment that generalizes to all aspects of modern life. The web of images come to life as dreams, act upon us, then fade into the background to become the ordinary world we know and rely on. The result is a sense of belonging, the real work of enchantment.
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Baxter, Louis E. Drug Testing and Other Tools for Patient Monitoring (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0012.

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Chapter 12 describes patient monitoring in the setting of addiction or addiction risk, and pain management, to include drug testing. The advantages, disadvantages, and types of available testing for drug use are described, with a discussion of their limitations. Body fluids and tissues for sampling include hair, blood, saliva, sweat, and urine; all yield information regarding drug use within unique limitations and at different levels of convenience. The test methodology imposes a need to know respective sensitivities and specificities, particularly in a forensic setting. Breath testing (alcohol) is not within the scope of this chapter. Recommended frequencies of urine testing are addressed. The utility of other forms of monitoring (self-report, collateral sources, PDMP) is assessed in the final section. Two tables are provided, (1) urine drug detection times, and (2) sources of false positive tests in urine immunoassay studies. Supplemental information sources are cited in a text box.
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Axworthy, Lloyd. Resetting the Narrative on Peace and Security. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.52.

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In little more than a decade, the responsibility to protect (R2P) has evolved from a concept that grew out of early discussions on human security to become an accepted part of global security considerations. Its adoption by the UN World Summit in 2005 introduced a different lens for looking at the threats to people and the need for international action to prevent atrocities. This chapter looks at how to broaden the scope of R2P in the next decade, as a way of responding to the multiple global risks faced by people and as an antidote to the present limitations of the Westphalian, national sovereignty based system. Innovative digital technologies and reformed global governance are especially important in driving the enhanced utility of R2P. A case is made that there are political trends that can aid in advancing such changes, using R2P as lever in reshaping global order and security.
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Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Political Science Methodology. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0001.

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Political methodology offers techniques for clarifying the theoretical meaning of concepts such as revolution and for developing definitions of revolutions. It also provides descriptive indicators for comparing the scope of revolutionary change, and sample surveys for gauging the support for revolutions. It then presents an array of methods for making causal inferences that provide insights into the causes and consequences of revolutions. An overview of the book is given. Topics addressed include social theory and approaches to social science methodology; concepts and development measurement; causality and explanation in social research; experiments, quasi-experiments, and natural experiments; general methods of quantitative tools for causal and descriptive inference; quantitative tools for causal and descriptive inference; qualitative tools for causal inference; and organizations, institutions, and movements in the field of methodology. In general, the Handbook provides overviews of specific methodologies, but it also emphasizes three things: utility for understanding politics, pluralism of approaches, and cutting across boundaries. This volume discusses interpretive and constructivist methods, along with broader issues of situating alternative analytic tools in relation to an understanding of culture.
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Book chapters on the topic "Utility scores"

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McIntosh, C. N. "Utility Scores for Comorbid Conditions: Methodological Issues and Advances." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_20.

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Mueller, Dolores T., and Hans F. Fuchs. "The Evolution of the DeMeester and RYAN Scores: Utility and Clinical Application." In Laryngopharyngeal and Gastroesophageal Reflux. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48890-1_26.

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Passantino, Andrea, Pietro Guida, Giuseppe Parisi, Massimo Iacoviello, and Domenico Scrutinio. "Critical Appraisal of Multivariable Prognostic Scores in Heart Failure: Development, Validation and Clinical Utility." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_135.

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Hepp, Benjamin, Debadeepta Dey, Sudipta N. Sinha, Ashish Kapoor, Neel Joshi, and Otmar Hilliges. "Learn-to-Score: Efficient 3D Scene Exploration by Predicting View Utility." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01267-0_27.

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Silva, Saulo, and Orlando Belo. "Evaluating the Utility of Human-Machine User Interfaces Using Balanced Score Cards." In Information Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63396-7_28.

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Rischin, Danny. "Biomarkers for Immune Modulatory Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_6.

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AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the standard of care for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients respond, hence the search for predictive biomarkers. Potential predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors discussed in this chapter include (1) Immune checkpoint ligand expression e.g., PD-L1, (2) biomarkers of a T-cell inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME) such as gene expression profiles of activated T cells, (3) biomarkers of tumour neoepitope burden such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and (4) multidimensional quantitative techniques. At present only PD-L1 expression has been shown to have clinical utility in head and neck cancer. It enriches for populations more likely to respond, but the false positive predictive value remains high. In the pivotal Keynote−048 trial that established a role for pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) monotherapy and pembrolizumab + chemotherapy as treatment options in first-line R/M HNSCC, primary endpoints included overall survival in defined subgroups based on PD-L1 expression. In this trial the combined positive score (CPS) was used which takes into account PD-L1 expression in tumour and immune cells. Based on this trial regulatory approvals for first-line pembrolizumab in R/M HNSCC require assessment of PD-L1 expression using the CPS. Finally we discuss emerging evidence that locoregionally advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers that have high expression of CD103 positive CD8 T cells have an excellent prognosis and features that suggest increased probability of responding to anti-PD1/PD-L1, raising the possibility of incorporating these immune therapies as part of a de-escalation trial strategy.
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Watson, Geoffrey Alan, Kirsty Taylor, and Lillian L. Siu. "Innovation and Advances in Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_24.

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AbstractThe clinical utility of precision medicine through molecular characterization of tumors has been demonstrated in some malignancies, especially in cases where oncogenic driver alterations are identified. Next generation sequencing data from thousands of patients with head and neck cancers have provided vast amounts of information about the genomic landscape of this disease. Thus far, only a limited number of genomic alterations have been druggable, such as NTRK gene rearrangements in salivary gland cancers (mainly mammary analogue secretory carcinoma), NOTCH mutations in adenoid cystic cancers, HRAS mutations in head and neck squamous cell cancers, and even a smaller number of these have reached regulatory approval status. In order to expand the scope of precision medicine in head and neck cancer, additional evaluation beyond genomics is necessary. For instance, there is increasing interest to perform transcriptomic profiling for target identification. Another advance is in the area of functional testing such as small interfering RNA and drug libraries on patient derived cell cultures. Liquid biopsies to detect specific tumor clones or subclones, or viral sequences such as HPV, are of great interest to enable non-invasive tracking of response or resistance to treatment. In addition, precision immuno-oncology is a tangible goal, with a growing body of knowledge on the interactions between the host immunity, the tumor and its microenvironment. Immuno-oncology combinations that are tailored to immunophenotypes of the host-tumor-microenvironment triad, personalized cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies, among others, are in active development. Many therapeutic possibilities and opportunities lie ahead that ultimately will increase the reality of precision medicine in head and neck cancer.
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"Sports Celebrities’ Image: A Critical Evaluation of the Utility of Q Scores." In Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication. Psychology Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410617392-21.

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Anunciação, Luis, Marco A. Arruda, and J. Landeira-Fernandez. "The Clinical Utility of Psychometric Tests." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7630-4.ch016.

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The clinical utility of a measure involves its ability to support a wide range of decisions that enhance its pragmatism and use. Although several statistics are part of this feature, one centerpiece of this concept is the ability of an instrument to provide cutoff scores that can accurately discriminate between groups that consist of patients and non-patients. This latter aspect leads to such concepts as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curves. This chapter addresses these topics from two perspectives. First, because these features of clinical utility are encompassed as a subfield of statistical decision theory, the authors provide a historical review that links null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), signal detection theory (SDT), and psychological testing. Second, a real-data approach is used to demonstrate these concepts. Additionally, a free software program was developed to present these concepts.
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"Amputation." In Standards for the Management of Open Fractures, edited by Simon Eccles, Bob Handley, Umraz Khan, Iain McFadyen, Jagdeep Nanchahal, and Selvadurai Nayagam. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849360.003.0012.

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The decision to amputate rather than reconstruct a severely injured limb (‘mangled extremity’) has historically been one of the most difficult choices faced by a trauma surgeon. The surgeon’s responsibility is heightened by the knowledge that delayed or incorrect decision-making may lead to worse outcomes. Unfortunately, hard data upon which to base reliable decisions remain elusive. A prospective analysis of the use of scoring systems including the Limb Salvage Index, the Predictive Salvage Index, the Hanover Fracture Scale, and the NISSSA (Nerve injury, Ischaemia, Soft-tissue contamination, Skeletal damage, Shock, Age) and MESS (Mangled Extremity Severity Score) scores did not validate the clinical utility of any of the scoring algorithms.
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Conference papers on the topic "Utility scores"

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Mukhtar, O., O. Alhafidh, B. Shrestha, et al. "Utility of Morbidity Scores as Predictors of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4803.

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Rouse, David M., Yiran Wang, Fan Zhang, and Sheila S. Hemami. "A novel technique to acquire perceived utility scores from textual descriptions of distorted natural images." In 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2010.5649182.

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Yoo, Wonsuk. "Abstract B19: A clinical evaluation of the clinical utility of genotype risk scores in cancer health disparities." In Abstracts: Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; December 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-b19.

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Buzatu, Casandra, Stephen Duffield, Laura Chadwick, and Robert J. Moots. "THU0554 THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF TWO VASCULITIS ACTIVITY SCORES(BVAS AND BDCAF) IN BEHÇET’S SYNDROME:A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.6197.

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Antaki, George A., Thomas M. Monahon, and Ralph W. Cansler. "Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) of Steam Systems." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71678.

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This paper describes the implementation of a risk-based inspection program for process and utility steam lines in a large chemical process facility. The paper addresses the development of an RBI matrix, the likelihood attributes, the consequence scores, and the overall risk in terms of personnel safety and costs. The likelihood of failure considers prior experience, degradation mechanisms, novelty of process, abnormal loads and age. The consequence of failure considers public health and safety, worker health and safety, environmental impact, operations impact, and recovery costs. Once assigned a likelihood and consequence score, systems are plotted on the RBI matrix to develop inspection priorities. The RBI ranking determines which systems will be inspected (high risk) and those that need not be inspected (low risk). The risk ranking is followed by inspection planning which includes selection of the inspection technique and inspection locations, together with the development of pre-inspection acceptance criteria.
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Moslander, C., N. Agrawal, Z. Afghani, et al. "Utility of Predictive Scores for Post-tPA Intracranial Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke to Optimize 24-Hour Post-tPA CT Scan Utilization." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a3565.

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Frost, F., P. Bradley, K. Tharmaratnam, NWCORR Collaborators, and D. Wootton. "S95 The utility of established prognostic scores in COVID-19 hospital admissions: a collaborative trainee-led, multi-centre prospective evaluation of CURB-65, NEWS2, and qSOFA." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.100.

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Sallam, Naglaa, Reham Hassan, Alaedine Shurrab, Yasser Al Deeb, and Mujahed Shraim. "Reducing the Incidence of Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0184.

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Methods: We used a Pareto chart to identify priority areas for our project based on magnitude of incidence of BBF exposures. A driver diagram was developed with four main primary drivers including risk awareness, attitudes and practice, staff experience, and leadership engagement. Intervention ramps and changes were implemented using multiple PDSA cycles addressing staff knowledge and awareness about BBF exposure prevention and management using surveys and learning brochures and assessment of staff compliance with safe practice. The project included the following measures (i) outcome measure: number of days between BBF exposure incidents; (ii) Process measures: BBF exposure risk awareness score, attitude and practice score, and proportion of staff compliant with BBF exposure safe practice; (iii) BBF reporting exposure score and proportion of staff satisfied with BBF exposure prevention and management policy. Ethical approval of the project was not required. Results: About 80% of BBF exposure incidents were due to needlestick injuries. Emergency unit, operating theatre, hemodialysis unit, laboratory unit, and utility services accounted for 80% of all BBF exposure incidents. Around 47% of the incidents occurred among nurses. Our project was associated with increase in attitude and safe practice score form 75% to 100%. The compliance with safe practice increased from 77% to 86%, and reporting of exposure increased from 75% to 100%. Staff satisfaction increased from 65% at baseline to 96%. Knowledge about prevention and management of BBF exposure (safe practice) increased from 60% to 92% in the hemodialysis unit. However, the median number of days between BBF exposures increased from 13 days at baseline to 18 days in May 2019. Conclusion: Our quality improvement project has identified the priorities clinical areas accounting for the majority of BBF exposure incident. The initial phase of the project in hemodialysis unit was associated with significant increase in knowledge scores about prevention and management of BBF exposure, compliance with safe practice, and staff satisfaction. In addition, the project was associated with significant increase in reporting of BBF exposure, which explains why we were not able to increase the median number of days between BBF exposures to 50 days. We have started spreading our interventions and change ideas to other units in Al-Khor general Hospital. Quality improvement projects can reduce the incidence of BBF exposure having the priority areas identified and the relevant drivers are addressed appropriately
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Dabbs, DJ, K. Serdy, A. Onisko, et al. "Abstract P4-08-04: The clinical utility of oncotype Dx for patients with recurrence scores of 10 or less: A value based pathology study of tumor histopathology and outcomes analysis in an integrated delivery and finance health system." In Abstracts: 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2017; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-08-04.

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Alkhalaqi, Aysha, Fatima Alnaimi, Rouda Qassmi, and Hiba Bawadi. "Predictive Power of Body Visceral Adiposity Index, Body Adiposity Index and Body Mass Index for Type 2 Diabetes in Qatari Population." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0208.

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Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased recently in Qatar. Body mass index (BMI) is a predictor of T2D in many populations. However, BMI is based on height and weight measurements and not on body adiposity. Therefore, the utility of BMI for predicting the risk of T2D has been questioned, and visceral adiposity (VAI) appears to be a better predictor of T2D. Objective: This study is aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI), in comparison with body mass index (BMI), for T2D among Qatari adults. Methodology: A random sample of 1103 adult Qatari nationals over 20 years old were included in this study; this data was obtained from the Qatar National Biobank. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between VAI, BAI, BMI, and T2D, and computed zscores for VAI, BAI and BMI. Results: VAI z-scores showed the strongest association with the risk of T2D (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.24–1.68) compared with the zscores for BAI (OR, 1.15; 95% CI: 0.93–1.43) and BMI (OR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11–1.59). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association was stronger between VAI and T2D in Qatari women than in men. Conclusion: VAI was a strong and independent predictor of T2D among the Qatari adult population. Therefore, VAI could be a useful tool for predicting the risk of T2D among Qatari adults.
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Reports on the topic "Utility scores"

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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.

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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.
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Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.

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In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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