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Nazarava, M. I., and D. F. Kolga. "Barnyard manure utilization resources." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22813.
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Orava, K. (Kari). "Optimization of utilization of test resources." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201909242923.
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Abstract. Limited testing resources are one of the most fundamental challenges in testing. Testing of complex systems will require very large numbers of test cases to provide an adequate level of testing. Coverage is a popular metric to state the level of testing. However, coverage alone is not always a good measure to describe the level of testing for two reasons. First, it does not provide information of how efficiently the testing resources were spent. Second, coverage does not contain knowledge of how close to the optimal utilization the testing is. This thesis proposes a way to measure the level of test resource utilization, and a way to estimate the distance from the optimal resource utilization.
In this thesis a set of efficiency and performance metrics are defined to measure utilization of testing resources. The defined metrics consider the achieved coverage with respect to spent testing resources and the complexity of the tested system. Based on the defined metrics, an approximation formula for the maximum efficiency as a function of available testing resources is defined. A method to simplify complex equations by considering the states of equation is proposed. The defined metrics and proposed method are applied into a 3GPP equation, intended for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) device, to search a subset that maximizes the test resource utilization.
The optimization of the utilization of test resources is viewed as a set cover problem, which is attempted so solve with various algorithms, such as brute force algorithm, classical Greedy Algorithm (GA), and a few of their variants and combinations. Performance of the algorithms are studied and compared. Performance results are presented, and the best results compared with the approximated maximum.
It was observed that there was not a single algorithm that suits for all scenarios, but the choice of algorithms depends on the resources available. Brute force-based algorithms should be selected when there are scarce resources, and GA-based algorithms when resources are plentiful. Based on the results, the utilization of the test resources was maximized with a moderate number of test resources.Testiresurssien käytön optimointi. Tiivistelmä. Rajalliset testausresurssit ovat yksi keskeisimmistä haasteista testauksessa. Monimutkaisten järjestelmien testaus tarkoittaa usein todella suurta määrää testejä, jotta saavutettaisiin riittävä testauksen taso. Kattavuus on perinteinen tapa mitata testauksen tasoa. Kattavuus ilmaisee absoluuttisen testauksen tason testattujen ja testaamattomien osioiden suhteena. Kattavuus yksin ei ole paras tapa kuvata testauksen tasoa kahdesta syystä. Kattavuus ei ilmaise kuinka tehokkaasti testaus resurssit käytettiin. Kattavuus ei myöskään kerro kuinka lähellä optimaalista testaus resurssien käyttöä oltiin. Tässä diplomi työssä esitetään vaihtoehtoinen tapa mitata testauksen tasoa, sekä keinon arvioida, kuinka lähellä ollaan optimaalista testausta.
Tässä työssä määritellään joukko metriikoita, joilla mitataan kuinka tehokkaasti testausresurssit käytetään hyödyksi. Metriikat ottavat huomioon saavutetun kattavuuden suhteessa käytettyihin resursseihin sekä testattavan järjestelmän monimutkaisuuden. Määriteltyjen metriikoiden pohjalta määritellään approksimaatiokaava, joka ilmaisee suurimman mahdollisen hyötysuhteen resurssien määrän funktiona. Menetelmä monimutkaisten yhtälöiden yksinkertaistamiseen käsittelemällä yhtälön tiloja ehdotetaan. Määriteltyjä metriikoita sekä ehdotettua menetelmää sovelletaan Long Term Evolution (LTE) laitteelle tarkoitettuun 3GPP kaavaan, ja pyritään löytämään testijoukko, joka optimoi testausresurssien käytön.
Testausresurssien optimointia käsitellään joukko kattavuus ongelmana, jota yritetään ratkaista useilla algoritmeilla, kuten raaka voima haku algoritmilla sekä ahneella algoritmilla, sekä muutamalla näiden kahden variaatiolla ja yhdistelmällä. Algoritmien tulokset esitetään ja niitä vertaillaan. Parhaita tuloksia verrataan approksimoituun maksimitehokkuuteen.
Työssä havaitaan että yksi algoritmi ei sovellu joka tilanteeseen, vaan paras algoritmi riippuu käytettävissä olevien resurssien määrästä. Raaka voima algoritmi saavuttaa parhaan tuloksen pienille resurssimäärille, kun taas ahne algoritmi suurille. Tulosten perusteella paras testausresurssien hyödyntäminen saavutetaan kohtalaisella resurssimäärällä.
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Navas, Lillian, and Lilia Santoyo. "Latinas' utilization of domestic violence resources." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2102.
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Smith, Jennifer Renee. "VIRGINIA TEACHERS' UTILIZATION OF VMFA RESOURCES: A SURVEY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/62.
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The focus of this thesis was to gather data by survey on the utilization of VMFA resources by Virginia, K-12 public and private school teachers. Currently there is a lack of research on how teachers utilize art museum resources. I sent a Web-based survey to 800 teachers in the state of Virginia. One hundred seventy six teachers responded and the data was analyzed to determine their backgrounds and utilization of VMFA resources. All data was entered into tables in both numerical form and percentages. My analysis of the data showed that teachers utilize resources most frequently for art history discussion and studio project motivation. In their classrooms, teachers most frequently use poster kits and video/DVD from VMFA.
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Villanueva-Torrecillas, Isidro. "Affectivity, quality of life and health resources utilization in arthritis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289993.
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The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the role of psychosocial variables, especially positive affect, on health outcomes and health care services utilization (HCSU) in arthritis. The identification of additional psychological variables as predictive or mediating factors is critical for gaining a better understanding of the dynamics of treatment response, especially in the setting of interventions that focus on behavioral changes, and health care seeking behavior. The analyses performed were based on a theoretical model that assumed affective status as a direct effector on the use of specific coping strategies and patients' perception of control over their health, which would, in turn, influence health outcomes and health resources utilization. Using random effects modeling, we found positive affect (PA) to have a negative (β = -4.27; p < 0.001) and negative affect (NA) a positive (β = 5.33; p < 0.001) longitudinal association with levels of perceived pain, adjusted for other covariates. The final, most parsimonious, model explained 22% of the overall variance and 28% of the between-subjects variance of the level of pain perceived by subjects with osteoarthritis. Subjects with high PA levels were more likely to achieve minimal clinically important differences in pain (OR = 7.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 36.2), global assessment of disease activity (OR = 6.1; 95% CI, 1.7 to 21.8), and physical function (OR = 13.27; 95% CI, 1.7 to 102.1) than subjects with low PA. Finally, in a multivariate stepwise linear regression model, higher levels of positive affect significantly predicted less HCSU (B = -0.29; p = 0.04). The final model also included social support and anxiety and explained slightly over 17% of the variance of long term HCSU (R = 0.51; Adjusted R-square = 0.217).
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Ishida, Kyohei. "Strategies for Utilization of By-product Resources as Ruminant Feeds." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252989.
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Опара, Тамара Володимирівна, Тамара Владимировна Опара, Tamara Volodymyrivna Opara, Алла Миколаївна Дядечко, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, and Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko. "Effective utilization of ground resources for manufacture non-polluting production." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16725.
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Nguyen, Thuy D. "Resource Utilization of Salespeople and Prospecting Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699841/.
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Every day, salespeople span boundaries, coordinate internal and external expertise, leverage social capital, mobilize the tangible and intangible resources of their firm, and try to create value for all stakeholders. Recognizing the important roles of salespeople, Evans et al. (2012) and Lassk et al. (2012) call for more research on the usage of skills, knowledge, people, strategies, expertise, and other resources of salespeople to produce the desired outcomes. Responding to their calls, this study specifically focuses on how salespeople utilize their available and finite resources across four types of customers (new customers, short term customers, long term customers, and win-back customers) to identify and qualify new sales opportunities during the prospecting stage. The dissertation focuses on seven types of resources (capturing both internal and firm related resources) available for salespeople: (1) firm tangible, (2) firm intangible, (3) firm market based, (4) present resources, (5) skills, (6) knowledge, and (7) accumulated successes. The study further explores the moderating roles of organizational identification, competitive intensity, and customer dependence on the relationship between resources utilized and performance during the prospecting stage. The resource utilization scale is developed and tested for robustness. Next, using a final dataset of 346 responses from salespeople, the results reveal that salespeople adaptively utilized various resources across new customers, short-term customers, long-term customers, and win-back (lost) customers. Overall, performance during prospecting stage are more strongly influenced by utilization of internal resources (presence, knowledge, skills and success) than firm related factors. Further, successful prospecting performance requires the usage of skills and knowledge resources with new customers, only skills resources with short-term and long-term customers, but present resources, knowledge, and firm tangible resources with win-back customers. In addition, organizational identification and competitive intensity moderate the relationship between resource utilization and prospecting performance for all customer types, whereas customer dependence is an important moderator for long-term customers. The paper makes several contributions to key areas such as resource allocations in the context of personal selling, and how firms can strategically enhance the performance of their salespeople. Theoretically, the study develops resource utilization scale, and empirically tests its effects on prospecting performance. From a managerial stand point, this dissertation offers additional insights into the effectiveness of each type of resources to plan for selective development of resources, as well as focused sales training.
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Snook, Ann Elizabeth. "Superior utilization of patchy resources : a mechanism of overyielding in polycultures." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65411.
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Hamann, Andreas. "Utilization and management of red alder genetic resources in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ46351.pdf.
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Hysing, Shu-Chin. "Genetic resources for disease resistance breeding in wheat : charaterization and utilization /." Alnarp : Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200709.pdf.
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Weishäupl, Thomas. "Business and the grid : economic and transparent utilization of virtual resources /." Berlin : Akademische Verl.-Ges, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2854951&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Gelvan, Dan Jacob. "Technological entrepreneurship and the utilization of external resources : realizing the potential /." Roskilde : Department of Economics and Planning, University of Roskilde, 1995. http://www.rub.ruc.dk/epublisher/indhold_technological.pdf.
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Taaffe, Kevin Michael. "Models for optimal utilization of production resources under demand selection flexibility." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005703.
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Norman, Zandra. "SGSN-MME Test Node Pool - Resources utilization for SGSN test nodes." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143343.
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The SGSN-MME node, which is important in wireless networks, handles many users and therefore the uptime requirements for it are very high. The goal at Ericsson is to reach 99.9999% uptime for their SGSN-MME nodes and to reach this a lot of testing is required. Therefore the test process during the SGSN-MME development is both resource expensive and time consuming. To optimize both resource utilization and test runtimes a common test node pool solution for their different test tools has been proposed. During this thesis a first exploratory investigation about how to optimize such a solution was made. During the investigation different aspects were evaluated and a first input about how an optimal solution can be implemented is proposed. By having a scheduling layer in the common node pool, which determines how many nodes each regression job will get, depending on current load, the number of test cases in the job and the current node utilization optimized solutions can be found. Future work in the area is still needed, but the exploratory research made during this thesis will give a good base to continue from.
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Abbott, Katherine Harris. "BLENDING RESOURCES: INFORMAL NETWORKS AND HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION BY FRAIL MALE VETERANS." online version, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1118329438.
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Gasser, Jonathan. "AN ANALYSIS OF ENERGY RESOURCES UTILIZATION FOR TWO METAL JOINING MANUFACTURING PROCESSES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/32.
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Sustainable manufacturing involves utilizing energy resources efficiently. Currently, the state of sustainability for a given manufacturing process is described by most in a qualitative sense as opposed to using quantitative metrics. This thesis offers a segment of analysis needed to understand the state of sustainability in the context of energy resource utilization. This was accomplished by measuring the order of magnitude difference between the energy consumption of a manufacturing process vs. the theoretical minimum amount of energy required to complete the same task (aluminum T-joint bond). This analysis was completed for a TIG welding process and a controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) process. Also, the energy Sankey diagram was constructed for the TIG welding process. The TIG welding process and CAB process consumed an average of 136.1 ± 16.5 kJ and 6,830 ± 77 kJ respectively to bond the same sample. The TIG welding process consumed O(102 kJ) more than the theoretical minimum amount needed to complete the same bond while the CAB process consumed O(104 kJ) more than the theoretical minimum. In the context of energy consumption, there are sizable margins for improvement for both metal joining processes analyzed in this study.
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Guo, Dingding, and 郭丁丁. "On the efficiency of resources utilization in strategic peer-to-peer systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206652.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have achieved outstanding success during the past decades and much efforts has been put into investigating incentive mechanisms for strategic P2P networks. In the numerous studies of P2P system, efficient resource utilization has always been a critical factor in designing incentive schemes. Most existing studies try to encourage strategic peers to contribute more to the system, in order to maximize the resources. However, without considering how to effectively measure contributions and without adopting well-designed trading policies, simply motivating more contributions could lead to outcomes that do not match the original intention.
This thesis, therefore, focuses on the investigation of efficient resource utilization in strategic P2P systems. First, it is found that increased contributions in terms of upload rate does not necessarily lead to better system performance. Observing that different chunks have different values to both the system and individual peers, a value-based metric is devised to measure contributions instead of using rate-based metrics. A variation of BitTorrent is also proposed, called value-based BitTorrent (VBT). VBT is found to effectively punish the strategic behaviors of an underreporting chunk map, and there is a positive correlation between investment and return for cooperative peers in VBT networks. Moreover, VBT always outperforms BitTorrent in terms of system performance.
Second, taking the chunk value in the reciprocity process into consideration, the overpayment problem in a BitTorrent network is investigated, and four side effects of overpayment are identified. A new scheme is proposed to visualize overpayment and a series of metrics is proposed based on this method to quantify overpayment. The proposed value-based approach is found to be able to alleviate the degree of overpayment and consequently relieve the side effects of overpayment.
Third, the performance of popular protocols in a P2P file-sharing system is investigated from the perspective of overpayment. These protocols are studied in two directions, when the measurement metrics are varied and when trading policy becomes tighter. The correlations between fairness, performance, and robustness are also examined.
Finally, because overpayment is a fundamental problem of improper price setting, and auction is a widely used and effective method in setting prices in distributed systems. Auction is analytically proved that it is able to lead to optimal price without overpayment. However, most existing auction schemes are based on credit, which could induce a huge overhead in maintaining a monetary system, and monetary systems also have many inherent problems, such as inflation. The efficacy of applying an auction-like approach in P2P systems without money is investigated. A simplified version of the barter-based auction-like approach is tested in P2P file sharing and its overpayment degree is evaluated. Moreover, a novel barter-based auction-like approach is proposed for a P2P streaming system, and it is found that it can successfully punish strategic behaviors, with overall system performance outperforming a tit-for-tat strategy.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Jonker, A., and JH Potgieter. "An evaluation of selected waste resources for utilization in ceramic materials applications." Elsevier, 2004. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000929.
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Many industrial processes generate large amounts of waste. Typical examples include the fertiliser industry (phosphogypsum), ferro-alloy
and steel producers (slag), as well as the power generating industry (fly ash). Although some waste products are currently used to a limited
extend (e.g. fly ash and cement in cement), there is a constant need to find more uses and newapplications for these. This investigation describes
work done to develop a novel ceramic body, which can potentially be used as a ceramic filter for purification of waste water and potable water.
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Galligan, Patrick Kenneth. "Male Chinese international students' utilization of and barriers to mental health resources." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2078.
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The number of Chinese international students obtaining their education at American institutions of higher education has reached a pinnacle, in that more Chinese international students attend American colleges and universities than ever before (Institute of International Education, 2015). Colleges and universities actively recruit Asian international students, especially those from the People’s Republic of China. As Chinese international students continue to represent an ever-greater percentage of the student bodies at colleges and universities, these institutions have a responsibility to attend to the mental health needs of this population. Within this population, research suggests that male Asian international students hold less positive attitudes toward seeking help than their female peers (Komiya & Eells, 2001). Since the participants in this study represent an intersection of identities, the extant research from several populations will be reviewed. Specifically, literature examining college students’, college men’s, racial minorities’, and international students’ mental health needs, attitudes towards mental health resources, and help-seeking behaviors will be discussed. The literature review will also build a case for examining male Chinese international students’ mental health needs.
The goal of this study is to provide greater insight into how male Chinese international students perceive mental health resources. The current study utilized Consensual Qualitative Research (Hill, 2012; Hill et al. 2005; Hill et al., 1997) to examine male Chinese international students’ experiences as international students, their adjustment to American culture, their mental health needs, their perceptions of mental health resources, and their help-seeking behaviors. Results indicated that participants struggled with a number of aspects of their experience as international students, specifically the adjustment to a new language, academic challenges, difficulty with isolation, and professional dilemmas. Participants also identified positive aspects of their experiences as international students including but not limited to making friends and academic successes. Participants revealed copious challenges within their adjustment to American culture. The majority of participants reported that they enjoyed the cultural differences, although participants often noted their dislike of American culture and their preference for Chinese culture. Participants also discussed perceived discrepancies in cultural norms between American culture and Chinese culture. The majority of participants in this study had never sought psychological counseling before. The results indicated that participants were aware of a number of barriers to seeking counseling including the lack of need for counseling, the desire to manage their concerns by themselves, the fear of judgment or stigma from seeking help, the perception that counseling is not helpful, and that other resources were preferred. Participants also identified several potential reasons for seeking help including relationship difficulties, academic challenges, and severe mental health needs. The findings of this study also point to several ways in which participants felt masculinity could impact their perceptions of counseling. Although many participants did not feel that masculinity impacted help-seeking behaviors or perceptions of counseling, participants acknowledged that masculine norms like the need to handle problems alone or not wanting to seem weak or emotional could impact their perceptions of counseling. Participants also identified a number of differences between counseling in the United States versus counseling in China. Results indicated that participants viewed counseling as more developed, professional, effective, and trustworthy in the United States. Lastly, participants shared their opinions about mental health concerns. Some participants identified mental health concerns as important, while others felt that they were not important or were perhaps less important than concerns like physical health. The author identifies practical applications for mental health professionals working with international students, aspiring to provide more culturally-sensitive services to male Chinese international students. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Fletcher, Andrew, Olivia Luzzi, and Jennifer R. Hunt. "Resources Management: Efficient Utilization of Blood Transfusion: Lessons from the Blood Bank." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8209.
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The utilization and management of blood is an imperative undertaking when considering the cost, risk and limited resources involved. Mountain States Health Alliance, with the guidance and dedication from Dr. Andrew Fletcher and his team, were able to sustain a 20% reduction in blood utilization overall since the inception of the project to present. Mountain States was also able to save approximately $250,000 over a one-year period due to the change in policy and procedure of ordering blood as well as the close and thoughtful monitoring of the entire health system’s blood usage. This change in policy not only produced monetary and resource savings, it also reduced the risk of adverse transfusion reactions and created a more patient-centered approach to supplying and ordering blood for the patients of the health system. As the health care system as a whole is continuously struggling to keep up with demands for more efficient use of resources, this model can be and has been adapted to other resources such as pharmacy and radiology, and will continue to be useful in effecting efficiency across healthcare facilities.
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Pan, Yajuan. "Canopy Change Assessment and Water Resources Utilization in the Civano Community, Arizona." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622784.
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The Civano community of Tucson, Arizona, is built for sustainability. Trees and plants are precious resources in the community and balancing human needs and natural resources. The design of rainwater harvesting systems and the usage of reclaimed water inside the community effectively irrigate plants and save drinking water. This project estimates canopy changes over time and explores the effect of water resources on plant growth for developed areas and natural areas, respectively. This project generates land cover classifications for 2007, 2010, and 2015 using supervised classification method and measures canopy cover change over time. Based on City of Tucson Water “harvesting rainwater guide to water-efficient landscaping”, this project discusses if water supply meets plant water demand in the developed areas of the community. Additionally, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for developed area and natural area over ten years are compared and provide a correlation analysis with water sources. The results show that canopy cover across the entire community decreased from 2007 to 2010, then increased from 2010 to 2015. Water supply in the developed areas is sufficient for plant water demand. In natural areas plant growth changes dramatically as a result of precipitation fluctuation. In addition, it’s proved that 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) tree canopy underestimates canopy cover in the Civano community. The final products not only provide the fundamental canopy cover data for other studies, also serve as a reference of water efficient landscaping within a community.
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Virchow, D. "Conservation of genetic resources : costs and implications for a sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture /." Berlin ; New York : Springer, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0714/99012752.html.
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Шевченко, Тетяна Іванівна, Татьяна Ивановна Шевченко, Tetiana Ivanivna Shevchenko, and T. V. Kozlenko. "Recycling of resources as the one of directions to increase the production efficiency." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36874.
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According to the research, that was done by Balatsky O.F. approximately third part of all internal reserves efficiency of social production account to the share of increasing efficient using of natural resources. Enough important and large significance of this fraction refers to the direction of recyclable resources.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36874
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Oshel, Reed E. "Utilization of selected biorenewable resources solubilization of lignocellulosics and conjugation of soybean oil /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Frazier, Prentice. "Utilization of Printer Resources Within a Computer Graphics Department: A Print Queue Analysis." VCU Scholars Compass, 1999. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4545.
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This paper examines print queue management for the graphics department of a financial services company. The current network configuration has proven to be sub-optimal. The IT department is currently undergoing testing of possible alternative network configurations. The objective is to improve performance by leveraging existing resources with new technology. In this paper, the effect of consolidating the queue into one primary queue manager is analyzed, along with prioritizing print jobs, and forecasting future printer needs. Analysis was performed using queuing theory concepts along with an analysis of both steady state and transient behavior using simulation modeling.
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Bergman, Elizabeth J. "Service utilization among bereaved spouses and family caregivers." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002502.
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Gazimbi, Marufu. "Integrated HIV and maternal/reproductive health service utilization : trajectory for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16534.
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Background: The persistent high mortality related to HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted calls for scaling-up access to sexual and reproductive health services including family planning as a trajectory to prevent HIV infection. Thus, HIV prevention programs have been integrated into family planning and reproductive health care services as a means to reach out to men and women who are HIV positive and those who are vulnerable to HIV infection. While the rationale for integration of HIV and reproductive health (RH) services is strong, there is paucity of information on which population groups most utilize these services. Due to the considerable stigma attached to HIV/AIDS, people living with HIV and those who perceive themselves to be at risk of HIV infection may be less likely to use integrated health care services. This thesis aims to inform policy and programs on better integration of HIV testing, maternal health care, and family planning services in order to optimize HIV prevention programs such as prevention of mother to child HIV transmission and condom use with the broader aim to reduce the HIV pandemic. Objectives: Focusing on individual and community-level predisposing, enabling and perceived need factors (PREP), the specific objectives of the study are to: (i) examine the effects of HIV on reproductive health care services; (ii) identify the determinants of HIV testing, antenatal and delivery care services; (iii) examine contraceptive methods choice among women who know their HIV-sero status; and (iv) establish community-level variation in service utilization. Data and Methods: The study applied multilevel binary and multinomial logistic regression models to nationally-representative samples of women and men who participated in the 2005/6 and 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys. Results: Overall, those who were ever tested for HIV and with low HIV stigma were more likely to use maternal health services than their counterparts who had never been tested or with high HIV stigma. These groups were also more likely to use condoms and long-term contraceptive methods as a means to prevent both unwanted pregnancies and HIV infection. The results from the analysis of HIV testing showed an evidence of improvement in HIV testing uptake between 2005/6 and 2010/11, especially for women. Most individual level socio-economic and demographic factors associated with HIV testing are largely consistent with patterns in Southern Africa (e.g higher uptake by women and those who are wealthier), but important patterns have also emerged. In particular, results reveal notable gender differences in the determinants of HIV testing: rural residence is associated with lower uptake of HIV testing for women but higher for men; for women, average wealth in a community is a more important factor in enabling HIV testing than household wealth, but the converse is true for men; individual-level, rather than community-level stigma is important for women, while for men, it is community-level stigma that is important. The analysis of determinants of maternal health care shows that use of antenatal and delivery care services in Zimbabwe are improving and are determined by a wide range of individual-level factors relating to women’s economic and demographic status as well as HIV factors relating to stigma, HIV awareness, ever been tested for HIV during pregnancy, knowing someone who died due to HIV, and factors relating to availability and access to health care and media within the community. The individual-level enabling factors that were particularly strong for women included high socio-economic status and not having observed HIV stigmatisation and discrimination. These groups of individuals have an extremely high likelihood of having been ever tested for HIV during pregnancy, or having an early or more than four ANC visits; and have delivered their babies in a health institution with a professional delivery attendant, particularly if they live in richer communities or in communities with low stigma and HIV prevalence. The analysis of determinants of contraceptive methods choice among women who know their HIV status identified a number of potential pathways of the determinants of this outcome. The analysis revealed that women who know their HIV-positive status were more likely to use condoms and long-term methods than those who know their HIV-negative status. The study also revealed that even though wealth status has no direct effect on the choice of contraceptive methods, it has an indirect impact on the choice of condom versus hormonal methods through intermediate factors such as HIV sero-status. Conclusions: First, the observed gender disparities in determinants of HIV testing calls for a gender specific response. Couple-oriented HIV counselling and testing services where men accompany their spouses to HIV screening during pregnancy may help increase HIV testing uptake for males and reduce gender disparities. Second, the fact that enabling factors such as socioeconomic status, having been tested for HIV as part of ANC and stigmatization are predictors of maternal health care utilization suggests that being wealthier, having been HIV tested during pregnancy; and having low HIV stigma do translate into expected behavior for pregnant women. Third, knowing own HIV status emerges as a major predictor of condom use and long-term contraceptive methods for women who are HIV positive. These findings have important policy and integrated programme implications for addressing unmet need for HIV and RH services in Zimbabwe.
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Crockett, Cassandra E. "Knowledge, access, and utilization of health care resources by minority residents in rural areas." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175186281/.
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Duke, Sarah. "Utilization of Spatially Distributed Soil Resources by Several Species Common to the Great Basin." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6374.
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Heterogeneous spatial and temporal distributions of soil resources important to plant growth have been documented in the sagebrush steppe ecosystem. There can exist as much variability in soil resources within the root zone of individual plants as exists across an entire field. The objective of this dissertation research was to evaluate how plants respond to, utilize and influence the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources. The three specific sets of questions addressed are outlined in the three main chapters of this dissertation.
My first study addressed how the number and concentration of phosphorus (P) patches in the root zone of an individual Artemisiaplant influenced the ability of the plant to increase root P uptake capacity from the enriched patches as compared to roots from unenriched soil. I found that root uptake kinetics in the most enriched patches in general was not limited by the number or concentration of phosphorus patches experienced by the plant. However, the plants could modulate the quantity of P acquired from a target patch as the number of patches experienced increased.
My second study addressed how six species common to the Great Basin, which represent three different growth forms, utilized nitrogen (N) from patches or a uniform distribution. The two species within the two perennial growth forms, shrub and tussock grass, revealed different capacities for acquiring N from concentrated patches immediately adjacent to a plant and from N applications at a distance from plants. This suggests the potential for different root foraging behavior. The two annual species used concentrated N patches more effectively than uniform applications.
My third study described decimeter scale variability of soil water potential (Ψs) in the interspace of two perennial plants at different time scales and at different soil moisture conditions. The mean Ψs was more spatially consistent in the interspace between plants during a midsummer dry period compared to an early summer period. Diel Ψs fluctuations during an early summer dry period was more spatially consistent than a midsummer dry period. When soil moisture was recharged by precipitation there were no spatial diel patterns and the mean Ψs was autocorrelated across the area evaluated.
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Mbhele, Samukelisiwe Yvonne. "Utilization of household and community resources for enterprise development among women of Lower Umfolozi." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1302.
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Submitted to Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2002.The aim of this research was to examine the problems related to the utilisation of household and community resources for enterprise development at Lower Umfolozi, and to assess the extent to which women that are involved in income-generating projects utilise community resources. It was found that community resources used by projects in the Lower Umfolozi produce a surplus that can generate income. It was noted that while women involved in income-generating projects are interested in generating income they experience many problems, the most fundamental being lack of capital and access to land. Since the land used for generating income is small and fragmented, under the control of Inkosi, landholders do not have a choice of size of land. The low literacy rate among women in enterprise development organisations has not only contributed to their low income but has also led to the development of negative attitudes towards income-generating projects. The combined effect of all the problems cited above has resulted in low standards in enterprise development organisations in the Lower Umfolozi region. It is argued that the availability of community resources to these projects can increase production, alleviate poverty and can create job opportunities for all.
National Research Fund
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Chien-WeiChang and 張健暐. "Exploring Optimal Resource Utilization in the Evolving Data Resources." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p2y2hb.
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博士國立成功大學
多媒體系統與智慧型運算工程博士學位學程
106
In this thesis, we discussed three significant aspects that need to be considered in the resource utilization of the evolving environment. There are mainly three portions in this thesis, including strengthening the duration of advertising impact, optimizing medical resource placement to reduce hospital burden and improving resource allocation strategies in crowdsourcing. First of all, for the topic of strengthens the sustainability, we study a novel paradigm of viral marketing with the goal to sustain the influential effectiveness in the network. We study from real cases such as the Ice Bucket Challenges for the ALS awareness, and figure out the ”easy come and easy go” phenomenon in the marketing promotion. Such a natural property is fully unexplored in the literature, but it will violate the need of many marketing applications which attempt to receive the perpetual attention and support. We thus highlight the problem of Influential Sustainability, to pursue the long-term and effective influence on the network. Given the set of initial seeds S and a threshold ρ, the goal of Influential Sustainability is to best decide the timing to activate each seed in S so as to maximize the number of iterations in which each iteration will activate the number of inactive nodes more than ρ. The Influential Sustainability problem is challenging due to its #P-hard nature. Secondly, with the effects of global warming, some epidemic diseases via mosquito (e.g. mosquito-borne diseases) become more serious, such as dengue fever and zika virus. It is reported that the epidemic disease may cause many challenges to the hospital management due to the unexpected burst with uncertain reasons. Furthermore, the imperfect cares during the propagation of epidemic diseases, such as dengue fever (so far the appropriate treatment is not well established), may lead to the increasing mortality rate which should be avoided. In this thesis, a novel paradigm for optimizing the placement of medical resource is proposed in pursuit of reducing the overloading cases in hospitals during the epidemic outbreak in the urban area. In this thesis, we are the first thesis to explore two important issues, including the strategy to evaluate the service quality and the solution to dynamically dispatch the medical resource, along with the spatial variation of the epidemic outbreak. As validated in our experimental results in real data of dengue outbreak happening in Tainan (2015), we present the feasibility of our framework to deploy a dynamic placement strategy for medical resource assignment. Lastly, researchers and scientists have been using crowdsourcing platforms to collect labeled training data in recent years. The process is cost-effective and scalable, but research has shown that the quality of truth inference is unstable due to worker bias, work variance, and task difficulty. In this work, we present a hybrid system that brings together a well-trained troop of domain experts and the multitudes of a crowdsourcing platform to collect high-quality training data for industry-level classification engines. We show how to acquire high quality labeled data through quality control strategies that dynamically and cost-effectively leverage the strengths of both domain experts and crowdsourcing.
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Chuang, Chun Yen, and 莊春燕. "Factors of Medical Resources Utilization Among." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08112345372301225406.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
98
Background and Purpose: Congenital heart disease is one of the congenital diseases commonly found in children, and is caused mostly by cardiac structural malformations that children are born with. Most of its symptoms appear early, and is the primary heart disease that occurs in childhood. Of the children heart diseases, congenital heart disease accounts for quite a high percentage, with about 8-10 out of every 1000 newborn infants suffering from this disease in Taiwan, an attack rate of about 0.8-1%.This study aimed to analyze the factors in medical resources consumption among children with congenital heart disease who acquired the National Health Insurance for the first time in major injuries Purpose: 1. Analyze the situation of medical resource utilization among children aged 1 to 18 with different types (cyanosis, non-cyanotic, and obstructive) of congenital heart diseases. 2 . Discuss the impact of individual (gender, age, surgery, complications, and socioeconomic status) and environmental (hospital region, level, ownership, and urban-rural gap) related factors on medical resources utilization of different types of congenital heart diseases. 3. Analyze above differences and correlation and make recommendations for early screening and early treatment, in order to conserve health care resources and provide a reference for preventive medicine and genetic health. Materials and methods: The sources of analysis data for this study came from the secondary database of the Department of Health's Central Health Insurance Bureau, namely "catastrophic illness detailed file", "out-patient prescription and treatment detailed file", "Inpatient expenses detailed file", "basic medical data file of institutions", and "underwriting data file". From the "catastrophic illness detail file", patients with congenital heart disease aged between 1-18 years old who received certification of serious diseases for the first time in 2003 were captured, then details on these patients' outpatient prescriptions, treatments, and hospitalization medical expenses between 2003 and 2005 were collected, followed by descriptive and inferential analysis of medical resources consumption on individual (gender, age, surgery, complications, and socioeconomic status) and environmental (hospital region, level, ownership, and urban-rural gap) related factors of patients with different types of congenital heart diseases. Results: A total of 1,202 patients with the three types of congenital heart disease aged between 1-18 years of age who received certification of serious diseases for the first time were selected from the database, which consisted of 155 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (12.90%), 966 patients with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease (80.36%), and 81 patients with obstructive congenital heart disease (6.74%). The average age was 5.05 years, of which 616 were women accounted for 51.25%. The average number of hospital stay for male and female patients were 2.23 times and 1.90 times respectively; the average length of hospital stay were 18.21 days and 13.56 days respectively; the average hospitalization cost were NT 213,123 yuan and NT166,146 yuan respectively. ANOVA showed a significant difference between male and female patients in terms of the average number of hospital stay, days of hospital stay, and medical costs. The average number of clinical visits for male and female patients were 54.47 times and 52.47 times respectively; the average outpatient medical expenses for male and female patients were NT38,990 yuan and NT36,993 yuan respectively, and ANOVA showed no significant difference between male and female in terms of the average number of clinical visit and out-patient medical expenses; significant differences existed between different age groups in terms of hospital days and outpatient medical costs, where the average hospital days, clinical visits, inpatient and outpatient medical costs of young children were significantly higher than other age groups.Special category hospital days and inpatient medical costs of medical centers were higher than other levels with a significant difference; highest outpatient visits was found in primary care and medical centres have the highest outpatient medical costs than other levels, and there were significant differences. Discussion The results of this study were roughly consistent with the hypothesis, where inpatient and total medical costs of male were higher than female, the highest consumption of medical resources was found in young children (1-3 years), hospital days and hospital costs of patients with congenital cyanosis heart disease complications or surgery were higher than those with non-cyanotic or obstructive congenital heart disease, and no significant difference was found in socioeconomic status and urban-rural gap in terms of consumption of medical resources, indicating the universalness of the national health insurance.Detailed descriptions on the consumption of medical resources by patients with the three types of congenital heart disease were presented in this study. It is recommended that future research should pursue separate DRGs disease severity analysis on different hospital ownership and track patient treatment as the future research directions.
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Cheng, Ming Yuan, and 鄭茗元. "Medical Resources Utilization after Kidney Transplantation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15373167309120766588.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
醫務管理學研究所碩士班
94
英文摘要 Background & Objective The incidence rate of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan is in the first place among the countries around the world. With the increased incidence, the number of the ESRD patients has grown dramatically. Kidney transplantation (KT) is the first choice for the majority of the ESRD patients, and it becomes an important issue of enhancing the medical quality and controlling the medical utilization. Up to the present, there is no study related to the medical utilization and medical outcome after kidney transplantation in Taiwan and conducted by using the national administration database to analyze the medical utilization in Asia. Therefore, this study analyzed the national administration database in Taiwan from 1996 to 2004 to examine the medical utilization and outcome of the patients after kidney transplantation. Methods The data of 1,112 cases underwent kidney transplantations (ICD-9-CM code 55.69) from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2003 were obtained from National Health Insurance Research Database of the National Health Research Institutes in Taiwan. In the study, descriptive statistic, GEE model (Generalized Estimating Equation) and Cox regression were conducted to assess the relationship between independent variables (patient characteristics, nature of disease, hospital characteristics, length of stay for KT, rejection for KT) and dependent variables (medical utilization, medical outcome). Results In terms of the medical utilization three years after kidney transplantation, the risk factors of the number of outpatient visits were hospital ownership, hospital area and the length of stay for KT. The number of outpatient visits in the non-profit hospitals was 2.4 less than the public hospitals (p=0.00); in the central hospitals, the numbers of outpatient visits were 6.6 (p=0.00) more than the northern hospitals, and, in the southern hospitals, the numbers of outpatient visits were 3.1(p=0.00) less than the northern hospitals. In addition, the number of outpatient visits decreased 0.1 with an unit change in day of the length of stay for KT (p=0.00). The risk factors of the total health care expenditures were gender, hospital ownership. The total health care expenditures in male was 33,456 more than the female (p =0.01), and, in non-profit hospitals was less 65,403 than public hospitals (p=0.00). The results of the medical utilization analyzed by GEE model also reveals that the number of outpatients visits of patients underwent kidney transplantations and the total health care expenditures decreased gradually within the period of three years(p = 0.00). In terms of the medical outcome three years after kidney transplantation, male (OR=2.65), diabetes (OR=6.87), and the length of stay for KT were the risk factors of death, and the risk of death increased 4% with an unit change in day of the length of stay for KT. On the other hand, the risk factors associated with re-dialysis were regional hospital (OR=3.12), central hospital (OR=2.44) and DGF or rejection for KT (OR=2.78); in addition, when the length of stay for KT increased one day, the risk of re-dialysis increased 3%. Conclusions Based on the results of the study, the patient with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, infection, CMV disease, DGF or rejection for KT has influence on the medical utilization and medical outcome. Therefore, medical providers and patients should draw attention to these factors and track the patients’ health and medicine situation regularly. The results also revealed that the hospital characteristics are one of the risk factors which may have effect on re-dialysis. In order to ensure the medical quality after kidney transplantation, the Bureau of National Health Insurance should take hospital characteristics into account.
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"The assessment of human resources utilization." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/15033.
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Tai, Chih-Chiang, and 戴志江. "Pediatric asthma and medical resources utilization." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kn98e8.
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碩士國立中山大學
醫務管理研究所
96
Background Children with asthma usually use more medical resources than those without asthma. However, studies on the relationship between ratios of asthma-related complications and consumption of medical resources are rare. Methods We sampled data from “Registry for beneficiaries” of “National Health Insurance Research Database”, National Health Insurance Institute, 2004. The target group was patients, aged between 1 and 18 years old, whose main diagnosis number from outpatient department (ICD-9-CM) is 493. Ratios of asthma-related complications and consumption of medical costs and resources were submitted to statistical analysis. Results Data of 394197 outpatients, of whom 62.5% are males, were included. Among the entire sample, 7627 children have asthma. Children with asthma are 8.2 times likely to get allergic rhinitis than those without asthma. Children with asthma are 2.1 times likely to get atopic dermatitis, 1.3 times likely to get otitis media, 1.5 times likely to get sinusitis than those without asthma. With regard to average expenditure on medical treatment, that of children with asthma is higher than that of children without asthma. Expenditures on medical treatment are compared among four divided groups. Children without asthma or complications ( NT$ 3714 ± 24538 ) , Children without asthma having complications ( NT$ 6448 ± 8880 ) , children with asthma not having complications ( NT$ 7396 ± 6434 ) , children with asthma having complications ( NT$ 12708 ± 10585 ) . Results of expenditures on medical treatment among these four divided groups show statistically significant. Seventy % of medical resources utilized are pediatrics, 40% are clinics, 50% are in the northern area. Conclusion Ratio of comorbidities of children with asthma is obviously higher than that of children without asthma. With regard to medical costs, that of children with asthma having comorbidities is higher than that of children with asthma not having comorbidities. Therefore, local pediatricians have an important role in the care of children with asthma.
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Yu, Cheng-Lee, and 余正麗. "Health Status and Social Resources Utilization Among." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60754533547930155858.
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碩士國立陽明大學
護理學系暨研究所
99
The aim of this study was to investigate the health status and social resources utilization among elderly who are living alone in community. A cross-sectional survey design with structured questionnaires was used for data collection. The elderly living alone were recruited from one District in Taipei City. The instrument measuring health status which included Perceived Health Status Scale, Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and the numbers of suffering chronic illness. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS )and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)were presented mental health. Personal Resource Questionnaire 85 was for social health and self-developed social resources utilization scale including health protection , economic security , living care and leisure entertainment was for social resources utilization. The results of this study were : (1)The elderly living alone had a moderate level of perceived health status. 60.5% of participants were completely independent on ADL; the mean score of IADL was 18.94, The mean numbers of suffering chronic illness was 2.63，28.29% with depression tendency, 94.08% of participants were normal cognitive function and the mean score of perceived social support was 103.44. (2)The average social resources utilization of elderly living alone on health protection, economic security, living care and leisure entertainment were 28.25%, 28.50%, 13.60% and 21.00%, respectively. (3)The aspect of physical health: A higher level of perceived health status and ADL were significantly associated with high level of attending leisure activities whereas using health protection and living care resources were less. The IADL function was positive associated with economic security and leisure entertainment whereas IADL was negative relationship with living care by others. The numbers of suffering chronic illness of elderly living alone was positive associated with health protection and living care resources utilization. The aspect of mental health: The higher level of depression tendency was associated with living care resources utilization but negatively associated with leisure utilization. A lower level of cognitive function was associated with more living care resources utilization. The aspect of social health: The better social health status was higher level of economic security and leisure utilization, but it was less using living care utilization. According to the information of the Ministry of the Interior and the literature, social resources were divided into four categories: social protection, economic security, living care and leisure entertainment. However, partial results cannot be interpreted. Based on the purpose of health, the social resources were divided into health promotion, medical services and economic support. The results found that it can be proper interpretation the relationship between social resources and health status. This study suggests that the health and social workers should actively assess the health need of the elderly people who are living alone and provide the different types of social resources for the diverse of health status of elderly people. This study also suggests that routine screening should contain depression condition, strengthening the health examination program information. Uniting community organization to provide accessible and diverse services and continuing to evaluate the effectiveness of providing the social resources. Medical services should be combined with social welfare services and providing these resources to the elderly living alone by responsible units in order to promote health status and quality of life.
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Lin, Shu-Chuan, and 林淑娟. "Effect of Tuberculosis on Medical Resources Utilization." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23020867072007892316.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
90
Beginning from November of, the Nation Health Insurance(NHI) has implemented a Tuberculosis medical payment program, based upon quality of medical services. This program aimes at pursuring “health” instead of “illness” in paying health care institutions.The purpose of this study is to assess the potential effects of this program on medical care resource utilization.7,351 TB patients, treated by 108 institutions in NHI North Bureau, and their claim data were collected and analyzed. The result of this study indicate that accredited level of hospitals affect TB patients’ medical resources utilization; besides age and sex can also be factors which associate with TB patients’ resource utilization, due to it needs longer timing of hospital attention. Results of this suggest: I. NHIB should include patients’ gender and ages as adjustment factors to TB re-imbursement so the NHIB can maintain its equal payment to equal workload principle. II. Under NHI’s “Pay-by-quality” system and “Global budget” system, health care institutions should be more aggressive and positive in promoting higher quality of care so that they can receive more payment and/or contain unnecessary costs. In other words, health care institution can be more profitable if they could treat patients with better quality of care.
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Yohana, D. "Forest resources and their utilization in Kodagu district." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1934.
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LO, KAI-JEN, and 羅凱禎. "Self-induced Partnerships and Utilization of Common Resources." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78218030566120113494.
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碩士國立臺北大學
財政學系
99
How to circumvent “the tragedy of the commons” has always been a key issue in common-property research. In the discussion about the abuse of common resources, some scholars believe that society have an incentive to improve the efficiency of the common resources utilization by collective action. Recently, Heintzelman, Salant and Schott (2009) explore the possible impact of partnerships in modern society on the utilization of common-property. However, their discussion is under the premise that the sharing rule of partnership group is exogenously given and without considering the possibility of non-participation of certain members. In order to make the model reflect reality, this research will adjust some hypotheses of Heintzelman, Salant and Schott (2009). Under the condition that the sharing rule of partnership group is endogenously decided and anyone can choose not to take part in any partnership group, we will investigate the influence of self-induced partnerships on the efficiency of the common resources utilization.
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Tseng, Fei-Chi, and 曾斐祺. "The outcome and resources utilization of pancreatic cancer." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fv3r34.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
醫務管理暨醫療資訊學系碩士在職專班
102
Background and purpose Occupying the fourth mortality of cancer at western ountries ,pancreas cancer accounts for about 6% of the death toll of all cancers, with a rising incidence in recent years. In Taiwan, according to the statistical data from National Health Administration in 2012, mortality of pancreas cancer had become the eighth place by the ninth place concerning the cause of death. Most pancreas cancer occurs at age above 50, with linear increasing incidence. The five-year survival rate of pancreas cancer was estimated to be about 20%, and the mortality was up to 95%. Therefore,this study purposed to explore the temporal trend and predictors of outcomes among pancreatic cancer patients. Materials and methods A total of 248 patients diagnosed with pancreas cancer between January 2008 and December 2013 were retrospectively evaluated in one medical center. T-test,chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression were used to examine the relationships between medical utilization and risk factors. Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox-regression. Statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results One hundred and fourty-seven males and 101 females with a mean age of 64.4 were included in this study.In recent years,significantly increased hospitalization and chemotherapy costs from pancreas cancer patients revealed the increasing phenomena of chemotherapies and relevant therapies in hospitalization. Remarkable factors affecting lengths of stay (LOS) included age, position of neoplasm, type of surgery and modality of treatment. The pancreas cancer patients with stage IV had greatest impact on LOS, which might be contributed to multiple therapies during hospitalization, inclusive of new auxiliary chemotherapy. Survival analysis also showed that the survival rates of overall patients, patients who underwent soothed surgery, and patients who received surgery as well as auxiliary chemotherapy were 12.1 months, 13.5 months, and 19.8 months, respectively. In comparison with patients without treatment, patients who received new auxiliary chemotherapy, patients who received traditional auxiliary chemotherapy, patients who underwent radical surgery,and patients who underwent soothed surgery showed a significantly lower mortality rate than their counterparts (odds ratios 0.64, 0.54, 0.38, and 0.59, respectively). The result revealed both surgery and chemotherapy could reduce mortality rate of pancreas cancer patients and prolong their survival period. Conclusion and recommendations Healthcare providers and patients should recognize that attributes of both the patient attributes and the hospital attributes may affect hospital resource utilization and mortality rates. The results are relevant not only to other countries with a similar population size, but also to countries with larger populations. Additionally, careful reevaluation of the patient’s clinical status was imperative to reduce complications caused by medicine toxicity.
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Xiang, Ron, and 向榮. "Efficient Utilization of Network Resources in Wireless LANs." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46314985777419116096.
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碩士國立清華大學
通訊工程研究所
93
It is an important issue for mobile devices in wireless networks to utilize network resources effectively. This thesis focuses on two topics for efcient utilization of wireless network resources: RObust Header Compression (ROHC) and Service-Based Handoff. ROHC is designed originally to reduce packet header size. Decreasing packet size is useful to utilize network resource effectively. In WLANs, how to select an appropriate access point for mobile station is important. Currently, the handoff decision in physical layer is made mostly based on the measurement of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). In general, better SNR indicates better radio quality. However it does not mean that the mobile station could get enough network resource in the new access point after handing off. A new handoff procedure called Service-Based Handoff is proposed. In addition to SNR, it also measures the contention level to make a better selection of target access point.
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Chien-Chu, Huang, and 黃建竹. "Survey on the utilization of homeland teaching resources." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05240599459624515662.
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碩士國立花蓮師範學院
社會科教學碩士班
92
ffort to find out the efficiency of utilizing the outdoor homeland teaching resources by Shulin shiang of Hualien County elementary teachers with respect to field survey areas, this study concentrates on the elementary schoolteachers of Shulin shiang of Hualien County so as to examine if the survey area of outdoor homeland teaching resources is the same as the administrative area of homeland teaching resources. 121 questionnaires were sent out and 102 questionnaires were received. The author analyzed the replies with findings as follows: 1.The author found a significant level of difference regarding the schoolteachers’ utilization of the 3 types of outdoor homeland teaching resources based upon where the schools were located, whether schoolteachers taught natural science, and whether schoolteachers were taking part in outdoor homeland teaching programs. 2.Most schoolteachers believed that the students’schoolwork did not increase due to the outdoor homeland teaching activities. They also believed that parents made little contributions to the outdoor homeland teaching activities with regard to participation and assistance. 3.There was not a significant level of difference for the schoolteachers with respect to the efficiency of utilizing the 3 types of homeland teaching resources. 4.As to the major obstacles affecting schoolteachers’ utilization of homeland teaching resources, most respondents pointed out that “insufficient hours for the courses” was the major difficulty for the curriculum, and “inadequate outdoor teaching facilities” and “unavailability of transportation vehicles” were the main difficulties regarding outdoor teaching resources. 5.The elementary schoolteachers required homeland teaching resources for the community, the campus, and special areas. These 3 areas are listed in accordance with the schoolteachers’priorities. The author found a significant level of difference among the requirements for these 3 areas. 6.To facilitate the homeland teaching, the school authorities are advised to integrate the schools’manpower, materials, and financial resources together with the community and professional organizations, thereby enhancing the schoolteachers’professional nowledge. The school authorities should also pay attention to schoolteachers’pressure and respect their willingness to take part in the homeland teaching activities.
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Wang, Ya Lin, and 王雅玲. "The mechanism and medical resources utilization in head injury." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89782870581969681870.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
醫務管理學系
94
The head injury caused by unintentional and intentional incidents remaines a global concern in the public health agenda. The Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) and Work Years of Potential Life Lost (WYPLL) resulted from head injury are much higher than cancers or cardiovascular diseases. This is a population-based study including descriptive and inferentiical statistics.Combining the total annual inpatient dataset from The Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) of Taipei-branch during the year 2000 to 2004 and the domicile files of death certification issued by Department of Health (DOH), this research focues on the five years retrospective analysis in head injuries. The impacts of Mechanism of Injury (MOI), inpatient characteristic distribution, mortality, incidence and seasonal changes on the medical resources utilization are analyzed. The outcomes could provide excellent references for the clinical services and health policymakers to prioritize the medical resource allocation for injury prevention. An analysis from 43,239 head injury patients in the Year 2000 to 2004 has indicated the total hospitalization expenses were NTD 2,799,103,526 with the average age of 43.3 year old. The gender ratio of the patients is 1.65:1 for male to female. Average Length of Stay (LOS) is 11 days, and average hospitalization expense is NTD 64.736 per person. Seasonal respectively distribution lies in the order of 1st and 4th seasons, which accounts for 25.6% and 25.1 % . There are significant differences in MOI, depending on the risk factors of age, gender and season. Traffic accidents account for 54.8% of the total patients and is concentrated in youth and teenager with average age of 38.3 and average hospitalization expense of NTD 62,797 per person. Among them, there are 17,996 persons (53.3%) of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents (MVTA) with average age of 39.6, 10.7 days of LOS, inpatient mortality rate of 5.8% and average hospitalization expense of NTD 63,242 per person. Accidental Falls is the second mechanism of head injury with 10,486 persons (31%) and higher average age of 55.9, 15.7days of LOS, mortality rate of 10.4% and higher average hospitalization expense of NTD 100,111 per person. Accidental Falls is also the leading cause of the head injury in elderly(65 years and above) citizen (51.2%) with average 21.3 days of LOS, mortality rate of 15.3% and average hospitalization expense of NTD 136,797 per person. On the contrary, MVTA is often observed in the age group under 65 years old. The impact to Average Years of Life Lost (AYLL) is 38.19 years per person. The analysis of the situations and identities show the AYLL of the head injury victims, passenger in motor vehicle (50.72 years per person), passenger on motorcycle (49.94 years per person), motor bikers (39.35 years per person), falling from or out of building or other structure (40.79 years per person), struck accidentally by falling object( 41.15 years per person), and intentional injury (42.65 years per person), is much higher than the AYLL (29.9 years per person) of accidental injury reported by DOH. The higher AYLL resulted tremendous losses to the social economics. At last, the geographic distribution of the head injury is also analysed, with result of highest county in I-Lan (323.14 per 100, 000), and JinMen (232.65 per 100, 000). Head injury in elderly population over 75 years old causes higher hospitalization rate of 418.05 per 100, 000, which is also higher than the national average of 418.05. This is far more serious than the average in Taiwan of 230. This evidence- based study indicates the head injury from accidental falls in elderly people is an emerging issue which cannot overlooked in the aging society. In the analysis of odds ratio in death risks, Intentional injury accounts for 4.878 times more than other MOI, including 2.403 times more than accidental hits by falling object, 2.074 times more than accidental falls, and 1.788 times more than traffic accident. In summary of the MOI analysis, the differences in age groups and seasonal distribution are significatly correlated. However, the difference is not significant in the aged people. The age groups, LOS and medical resources utilization are also significant and the injury severity of variables in operation, expensive examination (CT, MRI), blood transfusion are also significant .This research illustrates that head injury causes more economic losses than other injury patterns. With the evidence, the clinical services and health policymakers should allocate the reasonable medical resources in dealing with different injury patterns.
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Lin, Hung-Chun, and 林虹均. "The correlation of patient identity and medical resources utilization." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07112721180698319047.
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碩士輔仁大學
金融與國際企業學系金融碩士班
101
The purpose of this research is to investigate patients of armed forces hospital, whether the frequency of visiting outpatient service is correlated with their identity which has different preferential treatment. The main sort of patient include soldier, military dependent, Low-income household and veteran. According to the database of Tri-Service General Hospital, Keelung branch, gets 5% of outpatient records by random sampling, from year 2005 to 2012, analytical methods including descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Compare visiting number of outpatient service, excluding soldier, patients with preferential treatment is higher than non-preferential treatment patients. The result shows the lower medical cost patient paid, the higher frequency health care utilization be used.
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CHOU, TZU-CHIEH, and 周子捷. "Partnerships with hidden output and utilization of common resources." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57360639422974315263.
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碩士國立臺北大學
財政學系
104
This paper adjusts the model of Heinzelmann et al (2009). We take into consideration the probable hidden output behavior in partnerships, and focus our discussion on the influence of hidden output behavior in partnerships on the utilization of common resources. Our finding shows that when the number of partnership groups is controlled at optimal number while the hidden output behavior in partnership is overlooked, the authorities’ strengthening of investigation and punishment of illegal output hiding activities is still necessary for an efficient utilization of common resources. On the other hand, when the number of partnership groups is less than the optimal number while the hidden output behavior in partnership is overlooked, we have an optimal investigation and punishment bundle; too strong the investigation and punishment under this circumstance may induce underutilization of common resources.
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Ho, Hsiao-ching, and 何曉菁. "Analysis on Integrated Utilization of Energy and Useful Resources." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84190992218788455234.
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碩士立德管理學院
資源環境研究所
93
The majority of industrial areas in Taiwan are mixed industrial parks with open-loop manufacturing processes. Open-loop processes involve single-direction energy and materials flow, thus a high percentage of the resources are discarded during the transport, in the mean time, creating wastes and pollution problems. With an objective of reducing energy consumption and waste production, this study accessed the methodology of integrating a mixed industrial park into a closed-loop system with efficient resources recycling. Based on the concepts of industrial ecology, eco-industrial parks, and industrial symbiosis, the manufacture processes of the petrochemical and metallurgical plants in the Lin-Hai Industrial Park were analyzed and then an energy and mass conservation mathematical model was developed. The analysis of some economical cases with the mathematical model showed that locally available resources are cheaper and cleaner than those purchased outside. Resources exchange between plants needs to be expanded to include more items than the current exchange involving only gases. A survey was performed to evaluate the manufacturers’views on the resource integration program. Although most manufacturers realize its importance, they were reluctant to join the program for lack of resources exchange information and governmental initiatives.
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Yu, Mei-Te, and 于美德. "Resources Utilization of Cardiac Catheterization in a Medical Center." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08896677336003747466.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
90
Abstract The National Health Insurance Bureau (NHIB) will begin to implement the Global Budget on the coming July. Many cost containment strategies are expected to be adopted by the NHIB. Expanding existing Case Payment System from 50 to all inpatient services is believed to be one of these strategies. At present, Cardiac catheterization is the only one among 50 case payments and which is focusing on diagnosis. Therefore, the purposes of this study include: 1.understanding patients who received cardiac catheterization；2.exploring disease characteristics related to cardiac catheterization；3. assessing factors associated with resources utilization of cardiac catheterization；4. analyzing differences among physicians practices in cardiac catheterization；and , 5. proposing changes of case payment to the NHIB. Results of study indicate that males and patients older than 65 years old were major patients who received cardiac catheterization. Usually male patients utilized more resources than female, and patients’ age can influence resources utilized by patients who received cardiac catheterization. Besides, this study also finds that patients’ principal diagnosis, comorbidity and physicians’ experiences also have significant impact on resources utilization. Results of this study suggest: 1. NHIB should revise case payments based on patient’s sex, age and other related factors so to avoid the hospitals’ risk adverse selection；2. hospital should have provide better benefits to keep well- experienced personnel, who can achieve high quality with less cost；3. clinical pathway should be adopted to enhance quality and cost, and 4. coder’s ability should be improved so that they can improve precision of coding and reducing the possibility of making mistake in claiming process.
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Hsu, Yi-Wen, and 許意雯. "Core Resources Utilization and Maintenance in the Knowledge- Intensive Industries." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41500690746597266924.
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Xu, Yi-Wen, and 許意雯. "Core Resources Utilization and Maintenance in the Knowledge- Intensive Industries." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30114149208895521914.
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