Academic literature on the topic 'Utilize sunlight'
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Journal articles on the topic "Utilize sunlight"
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Tionardi, Stevanus, and Sigit Wijaksono. "Traditional Marketplace with Natural Lightings Through Louvers at Sunter Agung." E3S Web of Conferences 426 (2023): 01070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342601070.
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Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) point 11.b inquires the increment of cities and settlements that able to utilize resources efficiently and able to adapt with its environment. To achieve this goal, every part of the city has to be designed well enough to meet these standards while also being able to maintain it perpetually. Market as an important part of a society where people buy and sell their daily necessities, thus have to meet this goal/target. However, due to the declining condition of the building, poor management, and the existing negative stigma toward traditional market, these traditional markets are started to become neglected and hazardous to the users and in need of urgent repairs. Therefore, the market’s building designs require much needed improvements to the current traditional market’s conditions to reach its building requirements and user’s comfort. In addition, to create a sustainable environment, natural elements are also utilized to reduce building’s energy usage in particular by utilizing natural lighting / sunlight and natural ventilation. This paper presents simulation data of sunlight entering the building focusing on louvers usage within the building’s element in order to maximize the sunlight usage, not including the usage of skylight.
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Batarius, Patrisius, and Alfry Aristo Jansen Sinlae. "Chi-Square Histogram Analysis of Woven Fabric Images Made from Natural Dyes Due to Exposure to Sunlight." Journal of Intelligent System and Computation 6, no. 1 (2024): 07–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52985/insyst.v6i1.348.
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This research aims to conduct a Chi-square analysis on the histogram of woven fabric images dyed with natural dyes following exposure to sunlight. Woven fabrics dyed with natural dyes have attracted attention in the textile industry due to their sustainability and environmental safety. Continuous sunlight is a significant factor influencing color changes in woven fabric dyed with natural dyes. The methodology involves capturing images of woven fabric pre- and post-sunlight exposure, followed by histogram analysis using Chi-Square testing, mean, mode, and standard deviation. We utilize pre-cropped and resized grayscale images. Research findings demonstrate that sunlight significantly impacts the histogram of woven fabric images dyed with natural dyes, causing shifts in color distribution, standard deviation, and mode. These findings hold critical implications for the textile industry, particularly for manufacturers of woven fabrics dyed with natural dyes. The application of Chi-Square analysis and standard deviation provides guidelines for product design, maintenance procedures, and consumer education regarding the preservation of color quality in fabrics exposed to sunlight. Changes in the quality of woven fabric images under sunlight exposure can offer essential guidance in the care and maintenance of textile products dyed with natural dyes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between natural dyes, sunlight, and woven fabrics, supporting the development of sun-resistant natural dyes.
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Ren, Guoping, Qichang Hu, Jie Ye, Andong Hu, Jian Lü, and Shungui Zhou. "All-Biobased Hydrovoltaic-Photovoltaic Electricity Generators for All-Weather Energy Harvesting." Research 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9873203.
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Hygroelectricity generators (HEGs) utilize the latent heat stored in environmental moisture for electricity generation, but nevertheless are showing relatively low power densities due to their weak energy harvesting capacities. Inspired by epiphytes that absorb ambient moisture and concurrently capture sunlight for dynamic photosynthesis, we propose herein a scenario of all-biobased hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic electricity generators (HPEGs) that integrate photosystem II (PSII) with Geobacter sulfurreducens (G.s) for simultaneous energy harvesting from both moisture and sunlight. This proof of concept illustrates that the all-biobased HPEG generates steady hygroelectricity induced by moisture absorption and meanwhile creates a photovoltaic electric field which further strengthens electricity generation under sunlight. Under environmental conditions, the synergic hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic effect in HPEGs has resulted in a continuous output power with a high density of 1.24 W/m2, surpassing all HEGs reported hitherto. This work thus provides a feasible strategy for boosting electricity generation via simultaneous energy harvesting from ambient moisture and sunlight.
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Shin, Hyeon Ho, Yung Doug Suh, and Dong-Kwon Lim. "Recent Progress in Plasmonic Hybrid Photocatalysis for CO2 Photoreduction and C–C Coupling Reactions." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020155.
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Plasmonic hybrid nanostructures have been investigated as attractive heterogeneous photocatalysts that can utilize sunlight to produce valuable chemicals. In particular, the efficient photoconversion of CO2 into a stable hydrocarbon with sunlight can be a promising strategy to achieve a sustainable human life on Earth. The next step for hydrocarbons once obtained from CO2 is the carbon–carbon coupling reactions to produce a valuable chemical for energy storage or fine chemicals. For these purposes, plasmonic nanomaterials have been widely investigated as a visible-light-induced photocatalyst to achieve increased efficiency of photochemical reactions with sunlight. In this review, we discuss recent achievements involving plasmonic hybrid photocatalysts that have been investigated for CO and CO2 photoreductions to form multi-carbon products and for C–C coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
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Yantidewi, Meta, Brilliyan Hadid, and Dzulkiflih. "Arduino-based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Prototype." MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237204013.
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Since solar energy is an infinite source of energy, it can be used as a suitable alternative energy source. One of the technological attempts to utilize solar energy is the use of solar panels. A solar panel is a device consisting of a series of solar cells that can convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy adjusts the intensity of the received sunlight. However, in its application, most solar cells are statically placed (not following the movement of the sun), where the position of the solar panels only leads to one specific preventing optimal absorption of the intensity of sunlight and resulting electrical energy generation. Therefore, we need a solar tracking system that can automatically control the solar panels to track the movement of the sunlight so that they can absorb the sunlight optimally. The solar tracker created in this research consists of monocrystalline solar panels, LDRs, INA219 sensor, Arduino board, and servo motors. Data collection was carried out for six hours on three consecutive days. According to this study, the greatest difference in power generated by solar panels occurs between 12:00 and 13:00 WIB, with an average value of active solar tracker power of 0.5 W and static solar tracker value of 0.34 W.
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Sandeep, Sharma* Dr. O.P. Reddy. "TRANSPARENT CONCRETE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 3 (2017): 305–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.400947.
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Transparent concrete is the new type of concrete introduced in todays world which carries special property of light transmitting due to presence of light Optical fibres. Which is also known as translucent concrete or light transmitting concrete, it is achieved by replacing coarse aggregates with transparent alternate materials (Optical fibres). The binding material in transparent concrete may be able to transmit light by using clear resins the concrete mix. The concrete used in industry in present time is the general concrete which consists the fundamental materials i.e, water, cement, aggregate (which is coarse or fine) containing physical properties as- Grey in colour, no transparancy, high density which blocks the possibility of distinguishing bodies, shapes through it. where as transparent concrete due to the presence of Optical fibre allows to identify bodies, shapes through it. The main pur pose of using transparent concrete is to utilize sunlight as a light source following to result in saving or reducing power consomption for the same pur pose, is Can also be used for architectural purpose for new designs and attractive partition Wall. The Paper confines with the need of transparent concrete at present to utilize the sunlight and for architecture technologies. The new type of concrete Can satisfy the green energy saving with its own Natural properties.
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Syawal, M. Ichlas, and Okta Suryani. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Fotokatalis TiO2/Cu Menggunakan Lampu UV." MASALIQ 3, no. 6 (2023): 1370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/masaliq.v3i6.2088.
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Most of the energy consumed comes from non-renewable fossil fuel resources. Burning fossil fuels has been found to be a major cause of environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, making it the most common energy source. Therefore, renewable and environmentally friendly energy resources are needed, namely sunlight. One way to utilize sunlight is to store it into hydrogen compounds. Hydrogen comes from water through a process of breaking down its molecules which is called water decomposition. Water decomposition uses sunlight and a semiconductor photocatalyst, such as TiO2. In this research, TiO2 doped with Cu metal has been synthesized using UV lamp irradiation. TiO2 has been successfully synthesized. XRD characterization to determine the structure of TiO2. TiO2 has an anatase crystal structure. Then XRF characterization is done to see the percentage of Cu that has been successfully doped. When exposed to a UV lamp for 1 hour, 0.347% Cu was successfully doped. When exposed to a UV lamp for 5 hours, 1.28% Cu was successfully doped.
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Syawal, M. Ichlas, and Okta Suryani. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Fotokatalis Hierarchical Porous TiO2/Cu (HPT/Cu) dengan Metode yang Ramah Lingkungan." Periodic 13, no. 3 (2024): 85. https://doi.org/10.24036/periodic.v13i3.125637.
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Most of the energy consumed comes from non-renewable fossil fuel resources. Therefore, renewable and environmentally friendly energy resources are needed, namely sunlight. One way to utilize sunlight is to store it into hydrogen compounds. Hydrogen comes from water through a process of breaking down its molecules which is called water decomposition. Water decomposition uses sunlight and a semiconductor photocatalyst, such as TiO2. In this research, TiO2 has been synthesized whose morphological structure has been modified (Hierarchical Porous TiO2) and doped with Cu metal to reduce the band gap. Hierarchical Porous TiO2 (HPT) has been successfully synthesized. XRD characterization to determine the structure and size of the particles. HPT has an anatase crystal structure with an average particle size of 19.24 nm. HPT has an energy band gap of 3.25 eV. Then doping with Cu metal causes the band gap to decrease to 2.79 eV. Metal doping has been proven to reduce the band gap energy of the HPT semiconductor photocatalyst
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Majhool, Mohammed Hassan, Haider TH Salim ALRikabi, and Mansour S. Farhan. "Design and Implementation of Sunlight Tracking Based on the Internet of Things." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012026.
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Abstract In this article, for smart management and control of the solar pursuing device, an archetype is designed to evaluate or verify administration system and control. The newly-built prototype is designed for several applications to be a powerful platform for understanding the smart solar energy method. The Internet of Stuff integrates ordinary items using the Internet to enter the physical world. The IoT technology is facilitated to track solar PV (photovoltaic) power generation that can improve plant upkeep, tracking, and efficiency. This would include monitoring the solar panel and pointing it into the sunlight. It’s all feasible to utilize LDR sensors. The IoT automatically preserves track of the voltage supply the solar panel detects the towards of sunlight. The suggested system demonstrates the online utilization of solar PV power.
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TIKA AMBAR SARI, ARIF SETYO WAHYUDI. "SIRATAR PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENERANGAN JALAN PINTAR TENAGA SURYA BERBASIS IOT." SEMINAR TEKNOLOGI MAJALENGKA (STIMA) 6 (November 21, 2022): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/stima.v6i0.717.
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Solar street lighting can be a solution to solve these problems and can utilize solar energy. Solar street lighting is street lighting that utilizes sunlight as a source of electrical energy. In system design, there are several components, namely sensors and the addition of a microcontroller as a regulator of street lighting performance. At the implementation stage, this system is placed on a road with less light, from this stage the results obtained that the sensor coverage area can read as far as 6 meters with a reading angle of 200o the impact of the implementation of this designed system in the field of technology/innovation is better than previous tools within the range of the PIR sensor. In the social and environmental fields, the devices used such as solar panels are able to save on the use of electrical energy because they utilize natural energy, namely the sun. Providing solutions to the community in the event of a power outage, this lighting system will not die, so that at any time it is able to illuminate the community when walking at night.
Book chapters on the topic "Utilize sunlight"
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Yueyang, Wang, and Philip F. Yuan. "A Parametric Approach Towards Carbon Net Zero in Agricultural Planning." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_26.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new tool called the Space Data Generator, which is a parametric tool for organizing open spaces in rural areas. It can optimize the layout of buildings, solar panels, and agricultural planting spaces. While architects have been exploring ways to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in building design, it is equally important to attain a feasible carbon-neutral goal in rural areas. This is particularly crucial as 40% of the world's population resides in rural areas, and transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient economy can bring about not only moral but also economic benefits through proper management [1].The Space Date Generator offers a powerful spatial planning approach for optimizing and planning agricultural resources on any given land. This innovative tool utilizes a combination of remote sensing to generate precise maps of the land, providing a comprehensive understanding of its terrain and potential agricultural resources. With this information, farmers and land managers can make informed decisions about crop selection, irrigation, and fertilizer application, among other factors. By using the Space Date Generator, they can optimize the use of available resources and maximize crop yields, ultimately increasing profitability and sustainability in agriculture [2].Overall, the Space Date Generator is a valuable tool for any farmer or land manager looking to make the most of their land and resources. Its ability to provide detailed and accurate data on the land's potential agricultural resources can help to streamline decision-making processes and ultimately lead to more efficient and sustainable land use practices. The Space data generator uses the collected site coordinate information, geographical status (including stones, lakes, and water patterns), and the planted plants’ price as input. Divide the site into small squares, then configure enough solar panels in the optimal sunlight area of the site to meet the user's needs, and then plant crops on the remaining land. The Space data generator will analyze the number of calories a household needs each year as a percentage. If there is a surplus, the excess food can be allocated to generate economic outcomes on the market. The land area at hand will be subdivided based on its sun ratio, which is a relatively straightforward process. However, we are also interested in determining the value of excess vegetation that may grow in the allocated space. In this regard, the Space Data Generator can prove to be a valuable tool, not only for this particular scenario but also in other types of agricultural settings such as those involving a mix of livestock and crops. Additionally, it may be possible to use this tool to calculate the optimal harvesting of various plant species at different points in the seasonal cycle.The Space Date Generator has the potential to offer valuable references for optimizing agricultural schemes. However, it must provide users with completely accurate results. Unfortunately, it currently cannot measure crucial factors such as soil type and moisture level, which are essential for agricultural planning. Despite this limitation, the Space Data Generator is a flexible tool that can be modified as research advances, allowing for more inputs to be added to improve its accuracy. Moreover, the Space Data Generator can provide guidance in various other areas based on the specific needs of the user. For instance, it can offer guidelines for traffic and urban design, among other demands. By leveraging this technology, users can access more precise and relevant information, enhancing their decision-making capabilities. As such, the Space Data Generator represents a valuable tool for various industries and sectors.Guidelines:
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McNerney, Gerald William, and Kevin Richardson. "Utilizing Solar Energy in an Existing Electrical Grid." In Leadership Action and Intervention in Health, Business, Education, and Technology. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-4288-6.ch009.
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In 1968 it was theorized that the United States power generation requirements could be solved with an estimated 105 square miles of solar development, so why hasn't this happened? “Photovoltaics (PV) encompasses the entire technology of the use of solar cells. Solar cells absorb sunlight and change it directly and continuously into electricity,” (Zweibel). Though the photovoltaics form of power generation has been around since the 1950s, today this energy source makes up less than 1% of the power we use in the Midwest region of the United States. This chapter examines the hurdles and opportunities of integrating solar energy into an existing fossil power fueled electrical grid. It investigates the feasibility of incorporating solar energy via building mounted solar panels, large scale developments and the investments necessary to utilize a cleaner fuel type.
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Emsley, John. "We’re on the road to nowhere: An exhibition of molecules to transport us." In Molecules at an Exhibition. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502661.003.0011.
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The rays of the Sun, and the motions of the Moon and Earth, provide energy in abundance. Light from the Sun is absorbed by plants on land and algae in the sea and is used to convert carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates, which in turn become oils. Together these provide most of the food energy for animals like ourselves. We can also harvest plants and trees and burn them to release this energy as heat. The sunlight which falls on barren terrain, or on the roofs of buildings, we can also gather by using solar panels to heat water or to make electricity. The sunlight which falls on the oceans leads to evaporation of water which is precipitated on land, and this too we can use to generate hydroelectricity. The Earth itself is a vast reservoir of heat below the crust, but this is not so easily tapped—although in parts of the world, such as New Zealand, hydrothermal heat is an important source of power. We can extract energy from the effects of the Earth’s daily rotation, partly through the weather systems this produces, by using windmills, and possibly through the rise and fall of sea levels, by using tidal barriers and wave power. These sources of clean energy should be able to provide all the fuel and electricity for a sustainable human population of several billion, provided we did most of our travelling on foot or by bicycle. How much these natural renewable sources could really provide is debatable, but we have the means to utilize them so they could supply enough food and energy for a world population of two or three billion, and at a level which allows for most of the high-tech living that we now take for granted. It might even be possible for most families to run a car, provided they were content to travel only a couple of thousand miles a year in it. The trouble is that there are already six billion of us, and forecasts are that this will reach ten billion by the middle of the next century. Most of these people will no doubt aspire to owning a car.
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Rai, Vikas. "Elements of Industrial Ecology." In A Treatise on Ecological Science. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815322491124010006.
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The central theme of industrial ecology is the idea that the waste material from one industry can serve as raw material for the other. It is industrial symbiosis. This eases tension created by the pressure of ever-accumulating industrial waste. Another aspect of an industry is the input of energy. It must be clean; emissions to the environment are minimal, and green, i.e., we must utilize the least amount of resources. The search for clean energy sources has converged to Hydrogen Energy. The production efficiency of the electrolysis process is enhanced by the application of an external magnetic field. Solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency attains the levels of economic feasibility with the use of semiconductor sheets made of Rh – co-doped SrTiO3 powders embedded into a gold layer. Solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency (1.1% and 30% quantum yield at 419 nm) was achieved by splitting pure water (pH 6.88). Effects of electric power, external magnetic field, and temperature on conversion efficiency have been investigated and found to be appreciable. Bio–diesel is another potential source of energy. The energy of sunlight is converted into chemical energy through a biochemical process. A positive aspect of algal cultivation is that it can be grown either in freshwater or brackish water. In this way, it does not compete for fresh water. Microalgae respond by producing more carbohydrates or lipids in conditions of environmental stress; e.g., when a particular nutrient is lacking. Biodiesel derived from algal lipids is non-toxic and biodegradable. Microalgae produce oils 15 – 300 times more than traditional crops per unit cultivated area. The ability of an endolithic cyanobacterial strain, Leptolyngbya sp. ISTCY101 to produce biomass from which biodiesel can be produced, has been assessed in experiments conducted exploiting principles of carbon assimilation in the natural ecological niche of the cyanobacterium. Measurements of relevant variables and parameters showed that this strain is capable of returning a reasonably high yield of biomass productivity. Integration of industrial ecology and ecological economics would expand the scope of the circular economy. New information generated in the process of integration would be used to develop new tools for decision-makers. Self-guidance, a special attribute, would be available to industry leaders if a course based on this chapter is introduced in the curriculum of engineering undergraduates.
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Sivagami, Arasu, Michael Angelo Kandavalli, and Bhaskarrao Yakkala. "Design and Evaluation of an Automated Monitoring and Control System for Greenhouse Crop Production." In Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97316.
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An embedded system integrated with sensors based on nanomaterial is proposed for closely monitoring and control microclimate parameters 24 hours a day to maximise production over the whole crop growth season by introducing greenhouse for the cultivation of plants or specific plant species. The system will also eliminate errors in human intervention to optimise production of crops. This system consists of sensors and actuators, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) and a Raspberry Pi. The system will determine whether a defined threshold is passed by any climate parameter and systematically changes via the controller. The current work reduces human input through automated irrigation to optimally utilize a scarce resource, namely water. Climatic parameters for plant growth such as, moisture, humidity, temperature, water pressure in drip pipe, soil salinity etc. are monitored and optimized. Furthermore, work was extended to include GSM to control the entire farm remotely. For its success, it is very important to choose a greenhouse location. For instance, the problems are quite different when choosing an adjoining greenhouse, for instance a sunroom or greenhouse. The greenhouse location should be chosen for sunlight, proximity to power and water sources, wind, drain and freeze pockets, and the proximity of the garden and house. The intention behind accomplishment and devise of GSM based Fertigation System is to construct and evaluate the requirement of water in the yield as farming is the major resource of production which habitually depends on the water accessibility. Irrigation of water is usually done by manual method. To ease the work of the farmer GSM based automatic Fertigation (includes chemigation too) system can be implemented so that water wastage can be reduced and also the fertilizer can be added accordingly. Also the Soil Salinity can be checked and reduced if exceeds certain limit. By using GSM, only GSM command via GSM mobile can control the start and stop action of a motor that feeds the field with the water. GSM is used for controlling the entire process and the entire system backbone. It can be used from any distance to control irrigation. The results are assessed by electronic simulator PROTEUS using the desired optimised parameters, the design of this automated greenhouse system with PIC controller. As the inputs to the microcontroller and as an LCD screen record the respective outputs, the model produces a soil moisture sensor, light sensor and temperature sensor. The system performance is accurate and repeatable for measuring and controlling the four parameters that are crucial for plant growth - temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity. With the reduction in electricity consumption, maintenance and complexity, and a flexible and precise environment control form for agriculture, the new system successfully cured quite a couple of defects in existing systems. Nano composite film sensors (Graphene and Graphene mixed in order to optimise the input of fertilisers for chemical composition determination. Using nano technology in agriculture enforces the firm bond between the engineer and farmer. Nano material film-based gas sensors were used to measure the presence of oxygen and CO2.using graphene nano composite sensors integrated into an embedded system, to detect the presence and levels of gases. Improve crop growth with combined red and blue light for lighting under the leavened and solar-powered LED lighting modules. This was achieved by graph/solar cells. The light was measured at the photosynthesis flux (PPFD) of 165 μmol m-2 s-1 by 10 cm of its LED module. LED lights were provided between 4:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. in the daytime treatments and night treatments from 10 to 10 hours. The use of the nighttime interlumination of LEDs was also economical than the interlumination of charts. Thus, nightlighting LEDs can effectively improve plant growth and output with less energy than the summer and winter times. Solar panels are best functioning during times of strong sunlight today, but begin to wan when they become too hot and cloudy. By allowing Solar Panels to produce electricity during harsh weather conditions and increase efficiency, a breakthrough in graphene-based solar panels can change everything. Ultimately with a fully autonomous system, agricultural productivity and efficiency, the length of the growing season, energy consumption and water consumption were recorded and monitored by exporting the data over GSM environment. With the steady decrease in the cost of high-performing hardware and software, the increased acceptance of self-employed farming systems, and the emerging agricultural system industry, the results will be reliable control systems covering various aspects of quality and production quantity.
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Jenkins, Nick. "5. Renewable energy systems." In Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198813927.003.0005.
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‘Renewable energy systems’ describes the different ways of harnessing renewable energy and methods of converting it into electricity, gas, or liquid fuel, and their advantages and disadvantages. Renewable energy systems use a broad range of technologies to capture and convert energy from natural energy sources that are not diminished as they are utilized. Most renewable energy comes from the sun. Natural processes convert heat from the sun into movements of wind and water in the atmosphere that are then used to generate electricity. Solar radiation provides the energy to grow biomass and sunlight is used to generate electricity directly through the photovoltaic effect. Other significant sources of renewable energy are the tides, and geothermal heat.
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Nwulu, Nnamdi, Darshal Suka, and Eustace Dogo. "Automated Hydroponic System Integrated With an Android Smartphone Application." In Examining the Impact of Deep Learning and IoT on Multi-Industry Applications. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7511-6.ch013.
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Hydroponics farming is fast gaining acceptance globally as an alternative and viable method of farming, instigated by the contemporary challenges posed by climate change, exploding population growth, and global food insecurity. Hydroponics farming can be greatly improved by leveraging on innovative technological advances that will allow for the effective and efficient utiliza-tion of limited natural resources such as water, energy (sunlight), and dwindling agricultural farmlands, consequently resulting in higher yields. This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated flood and drain hydroponic system with internet of things and Android application functionalities. The design is an integrated and automatic plant-watering, water level, and pH measurement and control system using Android application with wi-fi communication technology. Tests carried out proved the worka-bility of the system in line with expected design considerations.
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Kathpalia, Renu, and Anita Kamra Verma. "Artificial Photosynthesis an Alternative Source of Renewable Energy: Potential and Limitations." In Physiology. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111501.
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Artificial photosynthesis system (APS) uses biomimetic systems to duplicate the process of natural photosynthesis that utilizes copious resources of water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy-rich compounds and has potential to be an alternative source of renewable energy. APS like natural photosynthesis includes the splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the reduction of carbon dioxide into various hydrocarbons such as formic acid (HCOOH), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), or even pure hydrogen fuel. These processes are accomplished by a handful of device designs, including photoelectrochemical cells or photovoltaic-coupled electrolyzers which are driven by energy extracted from sunlight photons as well as suitable catalysts. Researchers are trying to combine advantageous components from both natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis to create a semi-artificial photosynthesis system, involving the incorporation of enzymes or even whole-cell into synthetic devices. However, there are several limitations to the advancement of this field which are mainly centered on the inability to establish a system that is cost-effective, long-term durable and has the highest efficiency. Artificial photosynthesis devices can also function as atmospheric cleansers by extracting the excess amount of carbon dioxide and releasing back oxygen into the environment. Although there is still a long way to go to empower society with energy supplied through artificial photosynthesis, at the same time it is both desirable and necessary. To date, the efforts to commercialize APS have been fruitful, and it will soon be a viable alternative fuel source.
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V. Divyabharathi, Dr, Dr A. Vijayaprabhakar, and Dr S. D. Sivakumar. "ORGANIC WEED MANAGEMENT IN VEGETABLE CROPS." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcagp1ch18.
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Most of the vegetables are annuals in nature. Short duration of the vegetables is vulnerable for weed’s competition for sunlight, water and nutrients. In vegetables, 70 to 80 percent of yield loss was recorded due to weeds. This hinderance for vegetable growth makes the weed management an essential thing in vegetable cultivation. Dependence on herbicides for weed control has become easy and immediate solution for weed control in vegetable crop cultivation. But continuous use of herbicides not only pose environmental issues but also pose health related issues. Conventional weed management practices aim at total eradication of weeds but the organic method focuses on management of weeds rather than eradication. Some of the weeds may improves the performance of main crop by acting as a trap crop for pests, that will be best utilized in organic method. The systematic organic approach to reduce the weed competition can be seen in this chapter.
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Sriramalakshmi, P., Amin Babu, and G. Arjun. "Sun Tracking Solar Panel Using Machine Learning." In AI Approaches to Smart and Sustainable Power Systems. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1586-6.ch002.
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Increasing demand for electricity will gradually lead to depletion of coal and fossil fuel resources in the near future. Solar energy can be advantageous to a great extent as it is the most abundant form of non-renewable resource. To make most of the power from photovoltaic cells, development should focus on getting greater efficiencies using solar panel arrays. This chapter proposes a sun tracking solar panel system that utilizes machine learning algorithms to optimize the orientation of the solar panels towards the sun. The system is designed to improve the efficiency of energy production by reducing the shading effect and maximizing the amount of sunlight received by the solar panels. Linear regression, polynomial regression, ridge regression, and lasso regression models were used to predict the optimal angle for the solar panels. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed system using machine learning algorithms can improve the performance of the solar panel system and increase energy production.
Conference papers on the topic "Utilize sunlight"
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Winfrey, John W. "Setting the Color Straight." In SSPC 2014 Greencoat. SSPC, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2014-00067.
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Abstract For years, accelerated weathering test equipment has been utilized to showcase performance of coatings as a means to justify changing to new and “better” materials. While an accelerated weatherometer is useful in confirming a material’s performance, the results can be misleading in certain situations, resulting in misguided decisions based on a marketing department’s zeal to secure additional sales. This paper shares test results from two different accelerated methodologies prescribed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and compares those results to natural daylight exposure in an attempt to help set the facts straight on how to benefit from accelerated weathering to better understand long-term durability with respect to ultraviolet light exposure and help debunk myths regarding performance based data driven solely by accelerated exposure results. Accelerated test selection will be discussed, as well as statistical validation for accelerated method preference to natural sunlight results.
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Vinik, Paul. "Color and Gloss Evaluation of Two High Performance Coating Systems Using Accelerated Laboratory and Outdoor Weathering." In SSPC 2014 Greencoat. SSPC, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2014-00062.
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Abstract The State of Florida spends millions of dollars to mitigate corrosion and paint existing bridge structures each year. Since tourism is a big contributor to the State’s economy, it is of high importance to maintain these structures in a condition that is pleasing to the eye in order to provide a pleasant welcome for visitors to the Sunshine State. Subsequently, many of these structures are painted for aesthetic reasons rather than structural. The Florida Department of Transportation has evaluated the ability of several high performance coating systems to resist color and gloss degradation. This is solely an aesthetic study and the corrosion resistance properties of these systems are not presented. The geographical location of Florida results in extreme sunlight exposure and the southern latitude produces a severe environmental effect on polymeric resins. The Departments environmental test facility at Tea Table Key, Florida is considered by many to be the most severe UV test site in the United States. Test panels weathered with xenon arc radiation, accelerated outdoor exposure, as well as several bridges throughout Florida have been utilized for this study. In addition, some of the highest profile bridges in Florida including the Sunshine Skyway, Mathews, and Hart Bridges were used as test structures. Multiple coating systems, manufacturers, and colors have been evaluated. Color and gloss data will be presented for coating systems incorporating fluorourethane and clear coatings with UV inhibitors for finish coats.
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Senkowski, E. Bud. "Corrosion: the Destructive Stowaway on Marine Vessels Determining the Cost-Benefit of Protective Marine Coating Systems." In SSPC 2015 Greencoat. SSPC, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2015-00056.
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Abstract Marine coating systems installed aboard commercial and military vessels are exposed to extremely aggressive environmental conditions during maritime operation. A key element in prolonging the useful life of any ship, both commercial and military, lies in the selection and installation of cost-effective corrosion control methods and materials at newbuild, followed by an effective painting and preservation program to minimize the corrosive effects of operating in a marine environment, extend the service life and maintenance requirements of the installed systems, and thereby reduce the total operating cost (TOC) for the vessel. This paper provides guidelines for calculating approximate installed costs of coating systems, expected coating service lives for each system identified, and methods for determining the most cost-effective systems to use, the effect of maintenance sequences on long-term costs and system performance is also reviewed. The analysis utilizes trade studies from coating manufacturers, scholarly papers, technical reports, engineering studies and specifications from maritime and naval sources, and technical and consensus organizations that focus on the design, implementation, and testing of marine coating systems. New coating technologies that show promise of providing enhanced corrosion protection are identified and their relative contribution to lowering the operational costs of shipboard systems are demonstrated through the use of software programs that predict coating service life and maintenance requirements following initial installation. Corrosion is the silent stowaway that travels on every ship, regardless of their design or nature of maritime service. A key element in prolonging the useful life of any ship, both military and commercial, lies in the selection and installation of cost-effective corrosion control methods and materials during initial construction, followed by an effective painting and preservation program to minimize the corrosive effects of operating in a marine environment. Marine coating systems installed aboard commercial and military vessels are exposed to extremely aggressive environmental conditions during maritime operation. They include exposures to: seawater, freeze/thaw cycling, the ultraviolet component of sunlight, mechanical damage, stack exhaust, temperature extremes, erosion, and more. Marine vessels, whether they are in commercial or military service, contain common elements in their construction. These areas include: topsides and superstructure, deck, interior crew spaces, cargo hold, cargo tanks, ballast tanks, and underwater hull. Coating manufacturers, commercial shipping consensus organizations, and the international military community have identified paints and specialized coating systems with superior performance, durability, and economic effectiveness for maritime service.i,ii Important factors like ship mission, operating schedules, areas of operation, and drydocking intervals for maintenance will also influence the selection and type of coating system to be applied. With the development of high strength steels, scantling dimensions have been reduced to lower the weight of vessels to reduce fuel consumption. However reduced plate thicknesses have increased the potential of structural failure through corrosion. Coating selection will also impact the cleaning and painting requirements for the shipboard maintenance of painted surfaces. Additionally, the corrosion the protective coating systems over various substrates have also been evaluated. These factors have been considered during the course of this study. Coating repairs at sea are regarded as temporary and when detected, only made to avoid component failure before laying up the vessel for depot repairs. For instance, ballast tanks cannot be inspected unless they are drained and cleaned. These operations are typically performed when the vessel is in for shipyard or depot repairs. Over the past 40 years, new technologies in protective coatings and preservation systems for marine applications have been developed that show promise of providing greater corrosion protection and reduced maintenance. A plethora of data exists in such information sources as: trade studies from coating manufacturers, scholarly papers, technical reports, engineering studies and specifications from such organizations and agencies as: Naval Sea System Command (NAVSEA), Office of Naval Research (ONR), department of Department of Defense (DoD), US Bureau of Ships, National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) Symposia, Marine industry Symposia, Military Sealift Command (MSC), International Maritime Organization) IMO, National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), U.S. Corps of Engineers, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), International Standards Organization (ISO), and the Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC). Existing statistical methodology was used to develop information relative to the prediction of coating service life and maintenance requirements following initial installation. A principal source in this area was data published by the SSPC and NACE.
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Al-Ansary, Hany, and Obida Zeitoun. "Experimental Tests on Parabolic Trough Receivers Employing Bifurcated, Air-Filled Annuli." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54187.
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A new parabolic trough receiver design is tested. In this design, the annulus of the receiver is bifurcated such that the half facing away from the parabolic mirror, and receives minimal concentrated sunlight, is filled with an insulating material, whereas the half receiving the majority of the concentrated sunlight is allowed to be filled with air. By insulating the outward facing half of the annulus, heat loss by radiation is minimized. In the mean time, heat loss by natural convection due to the presence of air in the lower half of the annulus is expected to be significantly subdued, since the hotter air will be closer to the heat collection element, which is at a generally higher position than the glass envelope. Experimental tests were performed on roof-mounted troughs which utilize receivers with air-filled annuli. The system consists of two identical but independent rows. The receivers in the first row have normally air-filled annuli, while the receivers in the second row have annuli that are half-filled with an insulating material and half-filled with air. The results have shown that the thermal performance of the modified receiver was indeed superior to conventional receivers with air-filled annuli.
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AhsanShaikh, Mohammad, and Musbah S. Mahfoud. "Ecological Sustainability of Fiber Optic Solar Lighting in the Future of the State of Qatar." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90484.
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The use of electric lighting in our homes and our workplaces stands for a significant portion of the society’s electric energy consumption. Furthermore, generating such electricity leads to the production of greenhouse gases. At the same time as the electricity is coming through our lamps inside our houses, an overflow of light is flowing down from the sky and hits the exterior of the same houses. At almost any day of the year, the daylight is superior in both the illumination level and quality compared to the artificial light we are using for our everyday tasks. A technology capable of collecting this abundant sunlight and distributing it, via optical fibers, into the interior of a building will be of great benefit. Sunlight is an abundant and infinite source of energy that is being underutilized in Qatar. The state’s climate is sunny most of the year, with temperatures ranging from 12°C to 48°C, and thus the solar source of energy is abundant. Therefore, it is of an economical benefit for the state to harvest and utilize this energy source in every way possible. In Qatar, a large part of electricity is used for indoor lighting during daytime, accounting for 10% of the total electric energy required for buildings. In many facilities, this percentage is even higher. For example, illumination in an office space of 400 m2 accounts for approximately 40% of the total energy consumption of the space. In fact, Qatar is recognized amongst the world’s largest consumers of energy per capita. According to the United Nations Statistic Division, relative to the size of Qatar’s economy, the country on a whole uses twice the amount of energy as the nations of Germany or Japan. As a partial remedy to reduce the consumption of electrical energy, Qatar can take advantage of its sunny climate, and thus it is possible to collect and focus sunlight on optic-fiber cables that transfer the light to indoor rooms, buildings and stores. In the present work, we wanted to cast some light on fiber optic daylighting and its potential use in a very sunny and relatively hot environment, such as that in Qatar. The main goal of this project was to explore the use of a lighting system based on fiber optics as the main light source.
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Elgamal, Nadia, Jessica Sambi, Dhruvi Patel, et al. "Design, Construction, and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Direct-Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump for Cold Climates." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95940.
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Abstract Direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP) systems have the potential to provide the heat load required for domestic hot water (DHW) sustainably and with minimum emissions. DX-SAHPs utilize a solar thermal collector to evaporate a working fluid. By using less energy in the process, these systems can achieve higher coefficients of performance (COP) than those afforded by conventional air source heat pumps. With Calgary possessing the highest solar potential in Canada of about 2396 hours of sunlight available 333 days a year [1], the implementation of such systems would make technical and economic sense. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and testing of a DX-SAHP system for cold climates is presented. A mathematical model representing the system was developed by combining the Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation for the solar collector and a control volume analysis using the first law of thermodynamics for the heat pump cycle. Theoretical results demonstrate that a COP in the range of 3.4–4.5 is achievable. With the promising theoretical results, an experimental test setup was designed, constructed, and instrumented to determine the long-term performance of a DX-SAHP under local climatic conditions.
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Zheng, Yanjie, Kelsey B. Hatzell, Rodrigo Caceres Gonzalez, and Marta C. Hatzell. "Theoretical Analysis of Solar Thermal Desalination Performance Limitation." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16577.
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Abstract Solar thermal desalination systems utilize concentrated or non-concentrated sunlight to produce heat to drive a phase change separation process and produce freshwater. It could be an effective solution for increasingly scarce freshwater resources and energy shortages across the globe. In order to explore the performance limits and operating parameters that affect specific water production (SWP), this paper proposes a thermodynamic model of the ideal solar-driven thermal desalination process. The model compares two different heating configurations of solar collector system and considers surface temperature of solar collector, concentration ratio, recovery ratio and inlet saline water salinity to find maximum specific water production. The results show that under reversible condition, a flat plate collector with inlet saline water salinity of 35 g/kg will experience an increase in SWP from 29.9 gs−1m−2 to 52.7 gs−1m−2 if the recovery ratio decrease from 70% to 10%. For a system with concentration ratio of 10, when the surface temperature of solar collector is 507K, the maximum specific water production can reach 166.3 gs−1m−2 as the recovery ratio approaches zero. Reduction in incoming fluid salinity can further increase these performance limitations. The work fundamentally demonstrates the thermodynamic process of solar thermal desalination, and proposes a method to evaluate the performance limitation.
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Joshi, Apoorva, Christian Korn, Michail Magkos, et al. "AMORE - Mission concept overview for a progressively independent and self-sustainable lunar habitat." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.071.
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Throughout the last decade a renewed interest for lunar space exploration has been expressed through the announcements of many ambitious missions such as Artemis. Annually the Space Station Design Workshop (SSDW) tasks students and young professionals to design a space station concept in a con-current engineering environment. In line with the elevated interest on the Moon this year's SSDW was centred around a self-sustainable lunar habitat. This paper presents the conceptual design of Team Blue at the SSDW 2021. Advanced Moon Operations and Resource Extraction (AMORE) is conceptu-alized as a public-private cooperation for the creation of a lunar platform that acts as an outpost for human exploration and robotic In-situ Resources Utilization (ISRU). AMORE’s proposed location is near the rim of Shackleton Crater at the Lunar South Pole. This location provides opportunities in science and ISRU and favourable sun coverage and thermal conditions. The terrain offers a natural shield for debris and storage advantages for ISRU. The mission architecture allows for incremental crew size increase through a modular dome structure, an initial prioritization of ISRU and a sustainable resource management strategy. Based on the identified system requirements, the initial configuration envisions one core module and two modular structures that would serve as greenhouses or living spaces. The phasing of the base assembly is designed to allow for adequate conditions of an increasing crew size capacity. The greenhouse modules are designed to provide all required oxygen and most required food supply. The modules are constructed using lightweight inflatable structures, while a regolith shell will provide radiation as well as thermal and micrometeorite protection. For reliable communication, a cus-tom relay network named Lunar Earth Telecommand Telemetry Relay (LETTER) is proposed. The mis-sion architecture analysis includes several methods to financially utilize the mission. These include a range of services on the lunar surface such as training facilities for deep space missions, leasing habitats to other Moon explorers, and performing scientific and technological demonstrations. A variety of rovers will be used throughout the mission that will assist in various aspects. In addition to this, a scalable hybrid power generation system that utilizes the abundant sunlight and nuclear energy assures a suffi-cient power supply throughout the entire mission lifetime. This research presents a holistic architecture for a Moon base, which provides an approach to initially utilize the Moon. Within this context, the mission concept is primarily based on already existing or currently in-development technologies. Hence, AMORE offers an approach for a financially and technologically feasible as well as a continuous and expandable human presence on the lunar surface
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Mahmud, Walid Mohamed, Saber Kh Elmabrouk, and Omran Elhamali Abdussalam. "Produced Water Management; Case Study." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32070-ms.
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Abstract Lined evaporation pits are a common way to dispose produced water, especially within hot climate where there is an absence of rainfall and high prevailing evaporation rates. Produced water generated through the separation of crude oil within this case study has been, for many years, disposed into evaporative pits. However, the historical use of unlined pits for the disposal of produced water has a high potential to result in soil and groundwater contamination and may cause severe harm to the environment due to hydrocarbons, residues from process chemicals, heavy metals and naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). The area of the present study is an open flat desert environment that receives no rainfall and is exposed to strong sunlight and high temperatures. The facility management commissioned a study to identify applicable disposal options of produced water and generate capital cost estimates for each option. Options considered must have constituent of the produced water and the concentration of the dispersed oil in the water within acceptable regulatory limits for inland discharge besides being environmentally friendly. Two disposal options were developed, with each generating different levels of produced water management and utilization. Facility management was able to use and implement the results of the study to which obtained an excellent outcome and reduced the estimated cost of produced water disposal requirements. The study presents impact assessment of long-term disposal of produced water and the environmental remediation of historically contaminated areas. The study also provides the best technically viable options to utilize and dispose produced water.
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Mahmud, Walid Mohamed, Saber Kh Elmabrouk, and Omran Elhamali Abdussalam. "Produced Water Management; Case Study." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32070-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lined evaporation pits are a common way to dispose produced water, especially within hot climate where there is an absence of rainfall and high prevailing evaporation rates. Produced water generated through the separation of crude oil within this case study has been, for many years, disposed into evaporative pits. However, the historical use of unlined pits for the disposal of produced water has a high potential to result in soil and groundwater contamination and may cause severe harm to the environment due to hydrocarbons, residues from process chemicals, heavy metals and naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). The area of the present study is an open flat desert environment that receives no rainfall and is exposed to strong sunlight and high temperatures. The facility management commissioned a study to identify applicable disposal options of produced water and generate capital cost estimates for each option. Options considered must have constituent of the produced water and the concentration of the dispersed oil in the water within acceptable regulatory limits for inland discharge besides being environmentally friendly. Two disposal options were developed, with each generating different levels of produced water management and utilization. Facility management was able to use and implement the results of the study to which obtained an excellent outcome and reduced the estimated cost of produced water disposal requirements. The study presents impact assessment of long-term disposal of produced water and the environmental remediation of historically contaminated areas. The study also provides the best technically viable options to utilize and dispose produced water.