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Hermosilla, Caroline. "Esthétique et dialectique de l'Utopie au cinéma." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30045.
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L'utopie est une notion omniprésente dans l'histoire et la psychologie humaine car elle inspire, quelle que soit sa forme, l'espoir en une amélioration. Sa forme initiale a été créée par l'humaniste et le philosophe Thomas More dans l'ouvrage L'Utopie ou le Traité de la meilleure forme de gouvernement écrit en 1516. L'auteur se propose, à travers la réitération d'un raisonnement ancien, d'analyser et de réformer la politique contemporaine de l'Angleterre. La particularité de cette réflexion très détaillée est d'être écrite sous l'aspect d'une fiction imaginaire. La vertu polémique ainsi que sa résonance sociale ont fait du texte un modèle philosophique, politique et littéraire atemporel.Au cinéma, L'Utopie n'apparaît pas de manière significative. Cette particularité est due à ce que le cinéma a davantage développé des utopies, très variées et très éloignées de la matrice originelle, qui ont favorisé son effacement. Mais de nombreux éléments narratifs et structurels propres au récit de Thomas More et relevés dans plusieurs films attestent de sa présence. L'œuvre n'est toutefois jamais citée par les cinéastes de façon formelle. Cette étude vise donc à évaluer concrètement la représentativité de l'œuvre dans le champ cinématographique et à appréhender la nature de la réactivation de la pensée utopique par les cinéastes aussi bien sur le plan artistique que social<br>Utopia is an omnipresent notion in history and human psychology as it inspires, whatever its form, hope for improvement. Its first form was created by the humanist and philosopher Thomas More's Utopia in the book Utopia or the Treaty of the best form of government written in 1516. The author proposes, through the reiteration of an old argument, analyze and reform the contemporary English's politics. The peculiarity of this very detailed reflection is to be written as an imaginary fiction. Virtue controversy and its social resonance of the text became a philosophical model, political and literary timeless.In film, Utopia does not appear significantly. This peculiarity is due to this that cinema has further developed utopias, very varied and far removed from the original matrix, which favored its deletion. But many narrative and structural elements specific to Thomas More's account in several films and readings attest to his presence. The work is however never cited by formally filmmakers. This study therefore aims to concretely assess the representativeness of the work in the film field and understand the nature of the reactivation of utopian thinking by filmmakers both artistically and socially
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Devereaux, Rima Maximova. "The west looks at Constantinople : the idea of the city as renewal and utopia in selected medieval French and Franco-Italian texts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620680.
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Abreu, Iracema Fonseca Siqueira de. "Imposto ??nico: uma utopia fiscal?" Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2017. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2209.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-23<br>The present dissertation has the scope to present the institute of the single tax
and to analyze it in the light of the principles of optimal taxation. The single
taxation model has stood out due to its apparent simplicity and economic
efficiency, being considered as a solution to the current complex and costly tax
structures. In this way, the feasibility of the single tax is questioned in the
current legal systems. Through an instrumental bibliographical procedure, the
deduction was used to answer such problematic. For that, a priori, the history of
the single tax, from the first records in France and the studies of Physiocracy, to
the current Brazilian debate on the single federal tax on financial transactions
was reported. In the second moment, the proposal was evaluated under the
prism of the main theories of the optimal taxation of Smith, Musgrave, Neumark
and Stiglitz. Finally, the last chapter developed the contemporary debate on the
single tax, explaining its advantages and disadvantages, and then concluding
on its viability or not.<br>A presente Disserta????o tem o escopo de apresentar o instituto do imposto
??nico e analis??-lo ?? luz dos princ??pios da tributa????o ??tima. O modelo de
tributa????o ??nica tem se destacado devido ?? sua aparente simplicidade e
efici??ncia econ??mica, sendo considerado como solu????o para as atuais
estruturas tribut??rias complexas e onerosas. Dessa forma, questiona-se a
praticabilidade do imposto ??nico nos ordenamentos jur??dicos atuais. Por meio
de um procedimento instrumental bibliogr??fico, recorreu-se a dedu????o para
responder tal problem??tica. Para isso, a priori, relatou-se o hist??rico do imposto
??nico, desde os primeiros registros na Fran??a e os estudos da Fisiocracia, at??
o debate atual brasileiro do imposto ??nico federal sobre movimenta????es
financeiras. No segundo momento, a proposta foi avaliada sob o prisma das
principais teorias da tributa????o ??tima de Smith, Musgrave, Neumark e Stiglitz.
Por fim, o ??ltimo cap??tulo desenvolveu o debate contempor??neo acerca do
imposto ??nico, explicitando suas vantagens e desvantagens, para, ent??o,
concluir sobre sua viabilidade ou n??o.
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Macaulay, Michael James. "Pansophia and perfection : the nature of utopia in the early seventeenth century." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1657/.
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Woon, Shyue-Jiun. "After the utopia, the city on the freeway interchange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39712.pdf.
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Huck, Martin Keith. "The City of Aetheria." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47494.
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Winston Churchill said "We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us." And this holds true for our cities as well. The intent of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the origins of the city, historic theories of planning, Utopian proposals, the current state of the city, and what the future the city may hold.
The City of Aetheria is a world created via poetic imagination, the sublime product of mental activity; as a study intent is to discover the fundamental principles of the city, making explicit the nature and significance of fundamental concepts of urban design theories and utopian ideals while demonstrating the elements of urban form and the effects of urban process through history. Incorporating historical archetypes and typologies of architectural form; the design of the City of Aetheria was an investigational tool to study the Image, Form and Elements of the city.<br>Master of Architecture
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Moura, Julia Sichieri. "Compreendendo a utopia realizável: uma defesa do ideal de justiça distributiva da teoria de John Rawls." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7183.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O trabalho tem por objetivo articular uma defesa da teoria de justiça distributiva de John Rawls, considerando-se, para tal, as mudanças que o autor efetuou em sua teoria de justiça como equidade. Assim, a pesquisa tomará como base não somente o critério de justiça distributiva que se consolidou em Uma Teoria de Justiça, através do princípio da diferença, mas também avaliará de que forma este ideal continua presente nos textos posteriores do autor: O Liberalismo Político e O Direito dos Povos. Para tal, o estudo retomará as críticas cosmopolitas à proposta de internacionalização da teoria de justiça como equidade e, à luz destas, apresentará uma defesa do projeto de Rawls, evidenciando elementos do mesmo que estão alinhados ao projeto de justiça distributiva e sugerindo que sua proposta teórica é coerente com as premissas de Uma Teoria de Justiça, apesar de o princípio da diferença não estar presente entre os princípios fundamentais que devem ser estabelecidos entre os povos. Logo, trata-se também de uma proposta interpretativa que se vincula à compreensão (minoritária) de que as mudanças teóricas efetuadas por Rawls em sua teoria não a tornaram incompatível com seu projeto originário estabelecido em Uma Teoria de Justiça.<br>This study aims to defend John Rawlss theoretical approach to distributive justice based on the changes that he made to his theory of justice as fairness. Therefore the research considers not only Rawlss criterion of distributive justice as it was laid out on A Theory of Justice by the difference principle but also proposes to consider how the criterion can be understood in his later work, mainly The Law of Peoples. Contrary to what is commonly held by the cosmopolitan criticism of Rawlss later work, this study argues that Rawls proposes a feasible theoretical framework to deal with problems of justice on the international sphere and will justify within Rawlss theory his motivation for not employing the difference principle as one of the principles that should hold between peoples. To do so, it will be necessary to review the main changes that Rawls made to his theory as well as consider the cosmopolitan challenges that argue for a radically egalitarian criterion of distributive justice on an international sphere, such as the difference principle. Accordingly, this study will side with an understanding of Rawlss theory as a project that kept its main ideas notwithstanding the many changes Rawls made to his theory in the effort of trying to solve some of the inconsistencies that he recognized in A Theory of Justice.
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Colley, Dorothy M. "Fragments of the ideal : engaging the contemporary American city." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23187.
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Xiao, Feng. "Past and Present: Transformation of an ideal City - Beijing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43373.
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Early Chinese city planners and builders succeeded in creating a imperial ideal city - Beijing. The spatial order of Beijing expresses the elaborate system of imperial hierarchy (meaning). Since the founding of People's Republic in 1949 as all the physical elements which defined the old spatial order have changed, the Chinese State attempted to reconstruct a new ideal city -a people's capital of socialist era. Some of these changes ignored the historical and aesthetic values of the traditional elements for utilitarian functions. This thesis examines the transformation process of this ideal city in terms of the physical elements and sociological perspectives, identifies the unique order and meaning of urban space in the ideal city - Beijing, and articulates some design principals that could be used to reconstruct a new ideal city - Beijing, express the new ideology of the people in the socialist era and preserve the historical and aesthetic values of traditional elements.<br>Master of Landscape Architecture
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MARASCO, SEBASTIANO. "Large scale simulation of IDEAL CITY under seismic scenario." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2714786.
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Widespread urbanization is a recent phenomenon. Cities are centers of economic activity and innovation so that many people are attracted to better jobs positions, services and prospects for improved living conditions. Furthermore, the urban population growth varies considerably worldwide but a common increasing trend is observed in the large cities. Then, modern society is critically dependent on a network of complex and interdependent systems which compose the urban environment. For this reason, urban areas are particularly vulnerable due to the high concentration of people and economic assets, and in many cases, their hazard-prone location.
When a natural disaster such as earthquake strikes an urban area, the majority of the losses in terms of casualties and repair costs are due to the buildings extensive damage and collapse. Therefore, urban buildings portfolio represents the most vulnerable physical system of a built environment.
This thesis presents research conducted in the prediction of the damage experienced by the building stock located in urban areas following a seismic event. A physical simulation model is proposed to assess the seismic capacity of individual building and then estimate the level of damage caused by a pre-defined seismic scenario on the exposed building portfolio. A large scale virtual city, named IDEAL CITY, consisting of different buildings categories and infrastructure is designed envisioned as being representative of the typical Italian building stock. An intensive data collection and processing is performed to create a comprehensive building exposure database that provides numerous benefits in estimates of potential damage due to catastrophic events.
The proposed simulation model provides an efficient perspective to estimate the seismic vulnerability of any individual building within a large-scale area subjected to a given seismic scenario.
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Ribeiro, Loredana Marise Ricardo. "O salvador politico e a cidade ideal : mito e utopia no extremo norte de Minas Gerais (1950-1980)." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282049.
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Previous issue date: 2001<br>Resumo: Este trabalho visa explorar as manifestações do imaginário político brasileiro a partir da reconstrução da trajetória de Antônio Lopo Montalvão. Filho ilegítimo de um grande proprietário de terras no extremo Norte de Minas Gerais, Montalvão teve uma carreira política, nas décadas de 1950 a 1970, marcada pelas características míticas e sobrenaturais que lhe eram atribuídas. Ao mesmo tempo em que Montalvão se sobressaía local e regionalmente como oposição à tradicional política dos coronéis que há décadas controlavam o município, sua trajetória evidencia traços da permanência de ancestrais práticas de dominação. A continuidade e a ruptura, no seu fazer político, são intermediadas pela urdidura mítica que reveste sua imagem na comunidade. Acreditava-se que, apesar de autodidata, ele detinha uma vasta erudição e possuía dons sobrenaturais. Estes atributos lhe conferiam a capacidade de liderar a população e conduzi-la ao futuro desejado de paz social, condizente com os anseios e expectativas do grupo. Para acolher
este futuro, negação da realidade experimentada, foi criada a cidade de Montalvânia, onde não haveria lugar para exploração, desigualdade ou miséria. Estas são as três representações imaginárias discutidas na dissertação: a figura do Coronel, o mito político do Salvador e a utopia da Cidade Ideal<br>Abstract: Tbis work aims atexploring the manifestations of the Brazilian polítical imaginary through the reconstruction of Antonio Lopo Montalvão's trajectory. Illegitimate child of a great land proprietor in the very North of Minas Gerais, Montalvão had a polítical career marked by the mythical and supernatural features that were attributed to him, from the 50's to the 70's. Although Montalvão had a remarkable position as an opponent to the traditional colonel's polícy of the region, bis trajectory evidences strokes of the pennanence of ancestral practices of domination. This continuity and rupture are intermediate by the mythical aspects that coats
Montalvão's image in the community. It was a common belíefthat, although self-taught, he also withheld a vast knowledge and had supernatural gifts. These attributes enabled him to lead and guide the population in direction to this group desired future of social peace. In order to receive this future, a negation of the experimented realíty, it was created the city of Montalvânia, where there would have no place for exploitation, inequity or misery. These are the three imaginary representations discussed in this essay: the Colonel's image, the polític myth ofthe Savior and the utopia ofthe Ideal City<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em História
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Das, Ashok Kumar. "Lofty ideal, hefty deal empowerment through participatory slum upgrading in India and Indonesia /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679308191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mayhall, Marguerite Katherine. "The dissolution of Utopia art, politics, and the city of Caracas in the 1960s /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3055239.
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Ryan, Brent D. 1969. "The suburbanization of the inner city : urban housing and the pastoral ideal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69767.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.<br>MIT Institute Archives hard copy of thesis missing p. 192-197.<br>Pages 153 and 189 are foldouts, printed as leaves.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 385-406).<br>This dissertation examines the influence of vernacular suburban architectural and neighborhood design on new inner-city housing developments in Detroit, Michigan, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The central research hypothesis of the dissertation is that the widespread pastoral ideal of American culture is acting in concert with the weak land market of inner cities to produce a reshaping of these places in the image of the American vernacular suburb. I call this shift inner-city suburbanization. This dissertation offers a needed new perspective on the study of American urban revitalization. Most current debate concentrates on the alleviation of economic and social problems in inner cities, a focus which leaves the physical dimensions of the situation underexamined, while urban design theory advocates a different physical vision from that which many distressed urban neighborhoods are actually experiencing. The result has been a lacuna of academic research on the form of inner cities while significant decisions are being made in the world of practice. This dissertation attempts to bring these two worlds closer together. The dissertation begins with an introduction that frames the central research questions of the study. It continues with a review of the role of the suburb, the inner city, and of low-income housing in the history of American urbanism in Chapter Two.<br>(cont.) Chapter Three provides operational definitions of vernacular suburbia and of the process of inner-city suburbanization to produce a suburbanization index. In Chapter Four case cities are selected and case neighborhoods are selected within these cities. The index is then applied to new developments in the case cities to produce a portrait of the inner-city suburbanization process there. Chapter Five investigates the causality of inner-city suburbanization by examining the histories of three developments in each city in more detail. Chapter Six concludes by discussing the significance of the phenomenon, the dilemmas that it raises for design and planning professionals, and the prospects for future research. The study includes two appendices with additional data.<br>by Brent D. Ryan.<br>Ph.D.
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Carmo, Filipe Miguel Brandão do. "O ideal e o real." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18027.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.<br>O Japão é um lugar único no mundo. Devido à sua insularidade desenvolveu aspectos culturais singulares. Neste trabalho propomo-nos a estudar as características que definem a sua arquitectura e cidades.
Para tal recuámos ao momento da sua concepção e idealização para percebermos os seus elementos e as dinâmicas que as compõem. Recorrendo a uma metodologia comparativa e a uma análise histórica, percorremos a evolução da cidade de Quioto desde a sua fundação como capital imperial, à sua maturação como modelo de urbanidade no Japão.
A cidade de Quioto, quando analisada morfologicamente e tipologicamente, constitui-se como um manual da formação das cidades japonesas e da forma das suas residências.
Idealizada sob a forte influência das capitais chinesas, analisámos como os acontecimentos históricos e as suas personagens moldaram o cenário da cidade, transformando e adaptando o que era um plano ideal, concebido para o ritual imperial, para uma cidade que respondia às necessidades dos seus residentes. Passando por destruições constantes, Quioto renasceu constantemente, revelando sempre as intenções dos responsáveis pela reconstrução.
Por ter sido o palco político de todo o Japão, Quioto foi também o local de experimentação e surgimento de novos estilos arquitectónicos. Pela importação de modelos e mutação de existentes, a arquitectura japonesa foi evoluindo para uma identidade que dialoga inequivocamente com a cidade. O estudo das duas escalas tornou-se incontornável para um resultado completo.
Por último, analisados os fenómenos arquitectónicos e urbanos, apontámos alguns aspectos importantes, que, revelando-se em certos momentos da história da cidade, são definidores do pensamento urbano e arquitectónico japonês e indispensáveis àquele que se propuser a intervir no espaço japonês.<br>ABSTRACT: Japan is a unique occurrence in the world. Due to its insular character, it developed singular cultural particularities. In the present work we set to study the characteristics that define its architecture and cities.
For such we reverted to the moment of its conception and conceptualization to understand its elements and the dynamics that are part of it. By way of a comparative methodology and a historical analysis, we range through the evolution of the city of Kyoto from its foundation as the Japanese capital, until its maturation as an urban model of Japan.
The city of Kyoto, when analyzed morphologically and through the types of its residences, becomes a manual on the formation of the Japanese city and of the form of its residences.
Relying heavily on the influence of the influence of the Chinese capitals, we observed as the historical developments and its characters shaped the city scenario, transforming and adapting what was an ideal plan, thought for imperial pageantry, to a city that tackled its habitants needs. Going through razing several times, Kyoto rebirthed every time, revealing each time the intentions of those responsible for its reconstruction.
Having been the political stage of all Japan, Kyoto was also the place for experimenting and emergence of new architectural styles. Through the importation of outside models and mutation of existing ones, Japanese architecture evolved to an identity that unequivocally dialogues with the city. This two-sided study was indispensable for a complete result.
At last, having analyzed the architectural and urban phenomena, we concluded some important aspects, that, revealed at certain historical moments of the city, define the Japanese urban and architectural thought and are indispensable for those wanting to intervene in the Japanese space.<br>N/A
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Chanchani, Samiran. "The ideal and the techno-economic city : a critical analysis of The City of Tomorrow by Le Corbusier." Kansas State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36063.
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Karlsson, Micael. "Möjliga av världar idén om kvinnan i två kvinnors feministiska utopier : en idéhistorisk studie av Christine de Pizans The City of the Ladies och Charlotte Perkins Gilmans Herland." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7135.
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This thesis highlights starting points underlying the notions of two feminist utopians, Christine de Pizan and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In approaching their texts, it focuses on the notions central to understand their writings. These would be historical, social, and cultural contexts. Defining concepts as utopian in its varying forms and feminism has been of significance. A feministic approach grounded in Simone de Beauvoirs philosophical phenomenology in the study of feministic utopia's visibility, has contributed to the understanding of the power structures to which women are tethered. In order to understand the way women are presented, it has become obvious that The Book of the City of Ladies and Herland are literary works that are related not only by their authors’ background and personality but by the society in which they lived. Through their engagement in the contemporary intellectual debate on all social planes, both authors contributed to shifting the focus of their own contemporary notions of a woman to the notion of a woman equal to men. Woman, in Christine de Pizans utopia, is given specific properties and through themes of issues given meaning. She is not free in the sense that Simone de Beauvoir says. She has a broader repertoire than was historically assigned, but her freedom is not arbitrary, contingent, and temporary and judged by her actions. Charlotte Perkins Gilman's woman is in her novel subordinated by biology in contrast to her real society where she is a result of economic and social oppression in history and society. By being united, women can drive social change and thereby change their living conditions. In Herland, the author shows what this superior human togetherness can lead to in a socialist society. By focusing on issues related to motherhood, community and work, she challenges the reader to question the universal starting point for their understanding of masculinity and femininity
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Vianna, Marina Freire da Cunha. "Cidades em contraste - Nova Babilônia e Brasília nos anos 1950 e 1960." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/93/93131/tde-28102011-204944/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda as relações entre arquitetura, arte, cidade e utopia nos anos 1950 e 1960 a partir do exercício de cotejamento de duas concepções de cidade suscitadas neste intervalo de tempo. A cidade nova, Brasília, projetada pelo arquiteto brasileiro Lucio Costa para ser a nova capital moderna do Brasil e a cidade ficcional, Nova Babilônia, idealizada pelo artista holandês Constant Nieuwenhuys como recusa aos modelos de cidades vigentes. Quais as relações possíveis entre elas? O que dizem sobre os anos em questão? A essas indagações procuramos oferecer alguns caminhos.<br>This masters thesis approaches the relationship between architecture, art, city and utopia in the years 1950 and 1960 from the exercise of mutual comparison of two conceptions of the city raised in this time interval. The new city, Brasilia, designed by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa to be the modern capital of Brazil and the fictional city, New Babylon, created by Dutch artist Constant Nieuwenhuys as a refusal to existing models of cities. What are the possible relationships between them? What they say about the years in question? The thesis seeks to offer some guidelines to these questions.
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Tsuk, Nir. "Community, state and utopia : a study of the Israeli kibbutz and the English Garden City." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613976.
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Karakaya, Emel. "Construction Of The Republic In City Space: From Political Ideal To Planning Principles." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612489/index.pdf.
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After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, urban planning was one of the
main instruments for the development of national economy. In this respect, urban
plans for numerous cities and towns were prepared between 1923 and 1940 in
Turkey.
This thesis reveals the reflections of Republican ideology to urban planning
principles. The aims of this study are to clarify the political concepts that were active
in the Early Republican Period, translation of political concepts to spatial context and
to reveal the relation between urban planning experiences and political ideology
between 1923 and 1940 in the Republic of Turkey.
For this reason, this thesis study examines the construction of Republican ideology in
city space via urban planning. The construction of the Republican Revolution in city
space is examined in terms of planning practices and evolution of urbanism. The
examples of cities planned at that period are evaluated in the context of political
ideals and planning principles that were operative in urban planning between 1923
and 1940 in Turkey.
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Tzanoudaki, Stephany. "The transition of the Olympic city from visual representations Of Coubertin's modern ideal to city representations as fashionable images." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9380.
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My interest in this particular subject, involving the analysis of design and architectural proposals for the Olympic city, derives from an earlier MPhil study, completed in 2001 (see section 3.1.2). My PhD research gave me the chance to further my investigation in this subject and focus on the role of Olympic design and architecture and the analysis of the material that describes the aesthetic character and language of host cities. By writing this thesis, I have connected, the Olympic city subject with critical theory involving issues of modern cities’ changing urban, social and cultural identities, reflected in their represented image, and I have also used methods of visual analysis. Within the course of the last ten years of my research in this field, I realised that there is a research gap in the investigation of the visual identity of different Olympic cities. This research gap consists of a lack of research that attempts a critical review of the role of Olympic architecture and design since the first Summer Olympic Games in Athens 1896 and also a lack of examination and critical analysis of the visual (and descriptive) material available in the Olympic cities’ archives. More specifically, this analysis involves questions about: - the production of a ‘visual identity’ (i.e. information about the producer of this identity, the design criteria and influences, such as technological and ideological); - the relationship of this identity with the surrounding urban, social and cultural environment: ‘what knowledge is being deployed and whose knowledge is excluded from this representation’ (Rose, 2007, p.259); 10 - the changes in how this identity is communicated and perceived (changes in the audience, in the perception of the event as a spectacle, in media and in the means of communication involved). My research journey, from the gathering of the necessary material to the writing up of this thesis, has involved a historical review of archives from different sources (libraries, organising committees and the press). It has also involved a review of theories that facilitated the interpretation of the Olympic city development as a visual identity, placed within a historical and sociocultural context. Methodologically, therefore, this study is a synthesis based on both the gathering of secondary data and also critical theory on art, design and architecture and on cities’ urban and social development. The work of the following researchers has been especially useful in exploring many of the thesis’ arguments: theorists such as Walter Benjamin and Ernst Bloch who are concerned with the modern city development; David Harvey, Fredric Jameson, Jean Baudrillard and Zygmunt Bauman, who examine the transformations in twentieth century social and cultural conditions (modernism and postmodernism); and also Sharon Zukin, Kevin Robins, and Anna Klingmann, who examine the social and cultural transformations in contemporary urban development. In this study, I also focus on the idea of transition and, therefore, on Olympic city examples that have made an immense effort to create a visual identity or alter the ways that people visually experienced them. I have been particularly interested in case studies that, with their design and architectural ideas and the ways they visually communicated the identity of a place, contributed to the transition of the Olympic city in its development as a visual identity. I suggest that, in addition to the examination of the Olympic city development as an urban plan (changing in size and scale and engaging with new technologies) and also as an international event (emerging to a mega-event), there is another type of development in Olympic design and architecture that is worth exploring, that of the Olympic city as a visual identity. 11 The original ideas in this thesis have to do with the development of the Olympic city as a visual identity and, therefore, with: - the analysis of visual material (photographs, maps, plans, pictures from the press and posters) and written material (from the Official Olympic reviews, the press, books, letters and speeches) having to do with Olympic cities since the Summer Olympic Games in Athens 1896. - the analysis of this material by interpreting the characteristics (design criteria, and priorities, who takes decisions and who is the image maker) behind each Olympic city’s design and architecture proposals. This analysis considers the promoted urban, social and cultural profile of the host city, but also considers any alternative (different from the represented) urban, social and cultural identity of the host city. - the selection of examples from the Olympic cities' visual identities that best represent the Olympic city as a transition from the modern to the postmodern era, based on characteristics from these visual identities that have faded, altered or been abolished and also characteristics that have been emphasised and promoted. Many of these characteristics changed the contemporary shape and represented profile not only of Olympic cities but also of cities in general. - the critical analysis of the role of design and architecture in the representation of an Olympic city, reflected in the characteristics of its visual identity.
22
Tierney, Elaine Alice. "Strategies for celebration : realising the ideal celebratory city in London and Paris, 1660-1715." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39630/.
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Urban festival actively sought to transform the early modern city, creating an idealised space that was deemed to be a more suitable site for celebration. This dissertation shows how urban festival marked both the conjuncture and disjuncture between a rhetorical ideal and the challenges inherent in its practical realisation in London and Paris between 1660 and 1715. Celebrations were located in the real early modern city‐ a space that posed all manner of design problems for those responsible for designing, devising and choreographing festival. While the ideal celebratory city did exist in the rhetoric that informed preparations for events and their representation, festival also constituted a series of performances in real space and time that were subject to uncontrollable factors, such as poor weather, injury, uncooperative workforces and imperfect audience response. Only those charged with commemorating festival had full control over the event, producing the books, chronicles and illustrative material that are most often consulted as sources by festival historians. By means of a tripartite structure, this dissertation will interrogate how the deployment of the spectacular aspired to create the ideal celebratory city at three key moments in the narrative of every celebration. The first section focuses on the practical and legislative preparations made before events. The second section considers the evidence of what actually happened during the performance or realisation of the events. The third, and final, part of the dissertation looks at the representation of celebrations in printed textual descriptions and visual images. Starting from the evidence of objects, including viewing platforms, fireworks, temporary architecture and bonfires, it will suggest the extent to which the ideal was achieved and the ways in which it influenced the practice of those involved in its production. Moreover, as a single event could be informed by more than one version of the ideal celebratory city, evidence of preparation, performance and representation will also demonstrate how far celebrations were the product of contested ideals.
23
Casadei, Patrizia. "Unpicking the fashion city: Theoretical issues and ideal types. An empirical analysis of London." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368209.
Full textAbstract:
Local governments, ‘urban-booster’ commentaries and some academic approaches have increasingly focused on the idea of the ‘fashion city’ as a strategic factor for the economic development, growth and regeneration of major and minor cities across the world. Nowadays, in addition to established fashion’s world cities, there has been a proliferation of new fashion centres that have been termed as ‘second-tier’ cities of fashion. The growing and crucial importance of fashion in urban development strategies, together with the current diversity and variety of fashion centres, has created the need to broaden the knowledge of what constitutes a fashion city. To this day, either in academic or local policy field, little attention has been paid to defining the key elements that form a contemporary fashion centre. In light of these considerations, the aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to furthering the understanding of the actual meaning and significance of this concept and to possibly identifying distinctive models of fashion centres. Furthermore, the research seeks to explore the best suited methodologies to analyse the complexity and heterogeneity of contemporary fashion cities. The research is structured in four chapters, which address three main objectives. The first objective is to systematize the existing body of cross-disciplinary academic literature on the topic into a precise theoretical framework. In this regard, Chapter 1 presents a state of the art of fashion’s relation with cities by adopting a specific ‘creative approach’, which primarily focuses of fashion design as a cultural and creative industry (CCI) and on fashion designers as an example of the wider ‘creative class’. This analysis directs attention to a particular example of fashion centre that has been termed as the ‘creative fashion city’. The second objective is to develop an analytical framework to address the current heterogeneity of contemporary fashion centres. Chapter 2, drawing upon an extensive analysis of fashion’s world cities and ‘second-tier’ cities of fashion, suggests a framework of analysis for thinking about the diverse nature of fashion’s relation with the urban. It identifies multiple models of fashion’s world cities, as well as contrasting patterns in the development of newer fashion centres. Most importantly, through the adoption of Weber’s ideal type approach, it proposes three ideal types of fashion cities (‘manufacturing’, ‘design fashion’ and ‘symbolic’), which function as heuristic device to address the distinctive characteristics of fashion centres and to discuss future development pathways. The final and third objective is to understand how ‘real’ fashion cities can be studied, analysed and plotted on the ideal type model. To meet this objective, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 present two analyses of London from a ‘supply’- and ‘demand-side’ perspective. The first one is based on the execution of 23 semi-structured interviews with key actors from London’s fashion ecosystem, as well as statistics and policy documents, to analyse the ‘material’ elements that underlie the development, transformation and current nature of this fashion centre. The second one explores the meaning embedded in two samples of around 30,000 tweets, which were collected at different times, to highlight the ‘symbolic’ representation of London as a fashion city on the social media platform Twitter. Both the ‘supply’- and ‘demand-side’ analyses draw a picture of London as a fashion centre that tends towards the ideal type of the ‘symbolic fashion city’.
The present dissertation has implications either for the academic and local policy field. It contributes to investigating the importance of different kinds of position that fashion plays in urban economies, drawing attention to fashion’s qualities as rather more than a conventional urban CCI. There emerges a growing emphasis on the symbolic economy as a tool for cementing the reputation of contemporary fashion centres, either specialised in manufacturing, fashion design or image-making activities. Furthermore, the ideal type approach complements and extends the now very familiar division between ‘fashion’s world cities’ and ‘second-tier cities’ and shifts away from the simplistic ‘tool-kit’ approach that has sought to promote new fashion centres as developing versions of ‘models’ set by established fashion’s world cities. In this respect, the accentuated ideal type of the ‘symbolic fashion city’ points to the risks of what can described as a ‘hollowing-out’ of the fashion city, which is detached not only from making and designing clothing but also from urban fashion cultures. Thus, what is important is not about fixed strategies for the development of a fashion centre, but the need for ad-hoc fashion policies specifically adapted to different historical and cultural local contexts.
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Casadei, Patrizia. "Unpicking the fashion city: Theoretical issues and ideal types. An empirical analysis of London." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3065/1/Ph.D._Thesis_Patrizia_Casadei.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Local governments, ‘urban-booster’ commentaries and some academic approaches have increasingly focused on the idea of the ‘fashion city’ as a strategic factor for the economic development, growth and regeneration of major and minor cities across the world. Nowadays, in addition to established fashion’s world cities, there has been a proliferation of new fashion centres that have been termed as ‘second-tier’ cities of fashion. The growing and crucial importance of fashion in urban development strategies, together with the current diversity and variety of fashion centres, has created the need to broaden the knowledge of what constitutes a fashion city. To this day, either in academic or local policy field, little attention has been paid to defining the key elements that form a contemporary fashion centre. In light of these considerations, the aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to furthering the understanding of the actual meaning and significance of this concept and to possibly identifying distinctive models of fashion centres. Furthermore, the research seeks to explore the best suited methodologies to analyse the complexity and heterogeneity of contemporary fashion cities. The research is structured in four chapters, which address three main objectives. The first objective is to systematize the existing body of cross-disciplinary academic literature on the topic into a precise theoretical framework. In this regard, Chapter 1 presents a state of the art of fashion’s relation with cities by adopting a specific ‘creative approach’, which primarily focuses of fashion design as a cultural and creative industry (CCI) and on fashion designers as an example of the wider ‘creative class’. This analysis directs attention to a particular example of fashion centre that has been termed as the ‘creative fashion city’. The second objective is to develop an analytical framework to address the current heterogeneity of contemporary fashion centres. Chapter 2, drawing upon an extensive analysis of fashion’s world cities and ‘second-tier’ cities of fashion, suggests a framework of analysis for thinking about the diverse nature of fashion’s relation with the urban. It identifies multiple models of fashion’s world cities, as well as contrasting patterns in the development of newer fashion centres. Most importantly, through the adoption of Weber’s ideal type approach, it proposes three ideal types of fashion cities (‘manufacturing’, ‘design fashion’ and ‘symbolic’), which function as heuristic device to address the distinctive characteristics of fashion centres and to discuss future development pathways. The final and third objective is to understand how ‘real’ fashion cities can be studied, analysed and plotted on the ideal type model. To meet this objective, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 present two analyses of London from a ‘supply’- and ‘demand-side’ perspective. The first one is based on the execution of 23 semi-structured interviews with key actors from London’s fashion ecosystem, as well as statistics and policy documents, to analyse the ‘material’ elements that underlie the development, transformation and current nature of this fashion centre. The second one explores the meaning embedded in two samples of around 30,000 tweets, which were collected at different times, to highlight the ‘symbolic’ representation of London as a fashion city on the social media platform Twitter. Both the ‘supply’- and ‘demand-side’ analyses draw a picture of London as a fashion centre that tends towards the ideal type of the ‘symbolic fashion city’.
The present dissertation has implications either for the academic and local policy field. It contributes to investigating the importance of different kinds of position that fashion plays in urban economies, drawing attention to fashion’s qualities as rather more than a conventional urban CCI. There emerges a growing emphasis on the symbolic economy as a tool for cementing the reputation of contemporary fashion centres, either specialised in manufacturing, fashion design or image-making activities. Furthermore, the ideal type approach complements and extends the now very familiar division between ‘fashion’s world cities’ and ‘second-tier cities’ and shifts away from the simplistic ‘tool-kit’ approach that has sought to promote new fashion centres as developing versions of ‘models’ set by established fashion’s world cities. In this respect, the accentuated ideal type of the ‘symbolic fashion city’ points to the risks of what can described as a ‘hollowing-out’ of the fashion city, which is detached not only from making and designing clothing but also from urban fashion cultures. Thus, what is important is not about fixed strategies for the development of a fashion centre, but the need for ad-hoc fashion policies specifically adapted to different historical and cultural local contexts.
25
Herman, Patricia. "Escapism in America : the search for utopia in gated communities." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033628.
Full textAbstract:
Historically in the United States people have sought perfection in society. In the 1700 and 1800s America's immigrants attempted to create utopian communities. In the 1960s and 1970s people formed cults in which, like this country's first Utopian communities, they have been unable to isolate themselves from reality and create a society without problems.During the 1980s and 1990s emerging militias signaled a dissatisfaction with the political and moral structure of the country. At the same time a second group of people began to escape to gated communities. Gated communities are often promoted as a means of escaping from the problems plaguing many communities today, especially crime.The results of the gated community escape movement are that America has a large portion of its population removing itself from taking any responsibility for America's social ills. This isolation is going to affect not only the "gated escapists", but local governments and society overall. If municipalities address the reasons driving people to live behind walls the walls will no longer be needed.<br>Department of Urban Planning
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Mendes, Lorraine Pinheiro. "A cidade ideal de Francesco di Giorgio Martini." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6656.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-15<br>A partir dos “Trattati di architettura ingegneria e arte militare” (1479-1480) de Francesco di Giorgio Martini e de seus projetos como arquiteto, principalmente em Urbino durante o ducado de Federico da Moltefeltro, pretende-se analisar e elucidar de que forma esse artista contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do conceito de cidade ideal durante a Renascença. Para isso é necessário conhecer a biografia de Martini bem como entender sua formação e obra como um todo complexo, inserindo-o em uma tradição tratadística do Renascimento.<br>From the "Trattati di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare" (1479-1480) by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and his projects as an architect, especially in Urbino during the duchy of Federico da Moltefeltro, it is intended to analyze and elucidate how this artist contributed to the development of the concept of ideal city during the Renaissance. For this it is necessary to know the biography of Martini as well as to understand his formation and work as a complex whole, inserting it in a treatise tradition of the Renaissance.
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LOLLI, ALYSON C. "ARCHITECTURE + PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: ENCOURAGING MOVEMENT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148055793.
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Johansson, Emma. "Genuskontrakt och Heteronormativitet : En undersökning om normer, ideal och föreställningar i tv-serien Sex and the City." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Etnologiska avdelningen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175419.
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Gunduz, Can. "Pragmatism And Utopia Under The Auspices Of Neoliberalism: Turning Out To Be Cittaslow Of Seferihisar." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614907/index.pdf.
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This thesis tries to identify the new city-governance mechanisms deployed in the Western Aegean small town of Seferihisar, following the town&lsquo<br>s membershipto the international Cittaslowassociation of small towns. The membership has quickly transformed the place into a yearlong touristic destination, while leading several other agendas for the improvement of theurbanquality of life in the town. Regarding Turkey&lsquo<br>s EU Accession Process, this thesis regards Cittaslow as a multi-scalar meta-governance mechanism, which guides the municipalities of small towns in rescaling their urban governance as tailor-fit to their corresponding sociospatial specificities. The thesis argues that the social-democratic municipality in Seferihisar plays a key energizing role in the
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Rode, Philipp. "The integrated ideal in urban governance : compact city strategies and the case of integrating urban planning, city design and transport policy in London and Berlin." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3399/.
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This thesis investigates how objectives of integrating urban planning, city design and transport policies have been pursued in key case study cities as part of a compact city agenda since the early 1990s. Focusing on the underlying institutional arrangements, it examines how urban policymakers, professionals and stakeholders have worked across disciplinary silos, geographic scales and different time horizons to facilitate more compact and connected urban development. The thesis draws on empirical evidence from two critical cases, London and Berlin, established through a mixed method approach of expert interviews, examination of policy and planning documents, and review of key literature. Four main groups of integration mechanisms were identified and analysed: those related to (1) governance structures, (2) processes of planning and policymaking, (3) more specific instruments, and (4) enabling conditions. Based on having identified converging trends as part of the institutional changes that facilitated planning and policy integration in the case study cities, this thesis presents three main findings. First, rather than building on either more hierarchical or networked forms of integration, integrative outcomes are linked to a hybrid model of integration that combines hierarchy and networks. Second, while institutional change itself can lead to greater integration, continuous adjustment of related mechanisms is more effective in achieving this than disruptive, one-off ‘integration fixes’. Third, integrated governance facilitating compact urban growth represents a form of privileged integration, which centrally involves and even relies on the prioritisation of certain links between sectoral policy and geographic scales over others. Integrating urban planning, city design and transport policy at the city and metropolitan level, this thesis concludes, is essentially a prioritisation, which the compact city model implies and helps to justify.
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Dahlberg, Kathleen (Kathleen Noelle). "The transformation of the ideal wilderness : a case study of Springfield, Missouri and the mid-size American city." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73812.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 206 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-205).<br>This thesis explores the mid-size American city and examines the deeply nuanced relationship between city form, landscape and culture. Using Springfield Missouri as a representative case study, the city is viewed as a process of transformation, a reading which is used to build a layered spatial comprehension, interpreting the terrain as a set of limits, cultural production, and space of collective desire; and the city as a negotiation between global economic development and local specificity. The thesis is comprised of two parallel inquiries, one into a city type-the mid-size American city, the second about methods of observation and analysis as tools for city planning and urban design. Springfield, Missouri is a typical low density, poly-centered American city. Incorporated in 1838, it has never been a big city-instead Springfield has spent the past 174 years slowly transitioning from rural to urban, weaving broad stages of American urbanity with the Ozark plateaus and hills. The present city is experienced as heightened contrasts between strips, open fields, tranquil gardens, and the open space of the periphery, magnifying the ironic, poetic, bittersweet, and exhilarating state of the American town's transition to new metropolis the beauty of the ideal wilderness has been paired with the strips and squares of a generic city. It is the type of city which rests uncomfortably within normative planning/design ideal snot traditional or with a large downtown, it is often relegated to sprawl, geographically and economically it functions as a metropolitan region, but with considerably less density; it has accumulated gradually overtime, a piecemeal process that is the result of many contributors, with the informal guide of the survey grid, and the market economy. Springfield shares with other American cities the suburban motivations of everyday life centered around access, jobs, home ownership, school systems, and affordability). It faces the economic challenges of de-industrialization, the conundrum of the downtown and how to view form-how to define the collective identity of the expanded polycentric metropolis and how to grow in the future. In response this thesis suggests that In Springfield, the wilderness offers an identity more powerful and resilient than that of the downtown or a commercial shopping center, that to understand the city's form (and its future), its spatial terms must be re-conceptualized to consider form and terrain as interrelated systems that are associated with collective meaning and cultural function. The following thesis is structured as a layered dialogue between modes of inquiry exploring Springfield and the transformation of the ideal wilderness as a historical, theoretical, experiential, and spatial process. And each section explores the concept of wilderness as both a physical and psychological/cultural space, and each imparts an insight as to the spatial structure of the city. The goal of this succession has been to generate a layering of spatial comprehension that synthesizes across scales, using drawings to project abstract concepts and empirical data into concrete representations of space. The drawings are presented as both exploratory and revelations, each one considering the relationship between city form and terrain as an ongoing dialogue. Simultaneously these representations project a method for reading the mid-size city and how we might begin to view its form, not as a centralized polarity, but as a connective net that is ordered by the concrete fact and cultural ideal of the wilderness.<br>by Kathleen Dahlberg.<br>S.M.<br>M.C.P.
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Tunström, Moa. "På spaning efter den goda staden : om konstruktioner av ideal och problem i svensk stadsbyggnadsdiskussion." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116201.
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In this dissertation constructions of contemporary urban ideals are in focus, starting from the understanding that they are constructed in relation to both an idea of an urban renaissance and one ofa dissolving, or sprawling, city. The aim of the dissertation is to investigate and analyse how the city and the urban are discursively constructed in contemporary Swedish urban planning discussion. This is done by analysing articles from the Swedish Journal of Planning (Plan) and publications from the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket) and the Urban Environment Council (Stadsmiljörådet). The main research topics are: How is the city and its history constructed? What norms are constructed about the city and the urban? How is planning and the role of the planner constructed, and what kind of knowledge and practices are emphasised? Methodologically, the dissertation is inspired by social constructivist methods, and mainly discourse theory. Applying this to the urban context means understanding urbanity and cities as constantly constructed and reconstructed discursively, even if both appear to be defined, absolute and recognisable. The analysis investigates these appearances and the meanings they are given – in this case in an urban planning context. The analysis shows that history plays an important part in both the construction of ideals and problems. Both contemporary planning and the urban ideals are conceptualised in the light of a modernist planning era, which is emphasised as the period when the “real” city was dissolved or even destroyed. An “original”, pre-modern city is constructed and guarded as the norm, and the categorisation of places appear as important. Concepts both open and defined appear as central, such as diversity, variation, identity and urbanity. The planning practice that supposedly creates the good city is ideally a sensitive and emotional practice and practitioner, in line with communicative planning theory. Binary conceptual couples structure the discourse to a high degree, resulting in polarisations such as compact/sparse, city/countryside or inner city/suburb. The problematic or contradictory, such as the suburb, is marked off from the “real” city, and an inside and outside of the good city is created. The importance of a holistic and comprehensive planning perspective is emphasized, but at the same time the urban ideal that comes out appear as a strongly normative outlook from the traditional inner city. An inner city “we” is constructed, and the suburb, the suburban and its inhabitants are seen as an Other. The dissertation also discusses some openings and contrary voices in the discourse and in other urban research indicative of an attempt to move beyond the polarisations. By questioning hierarchies and polarisations, and opening up for influence from outside of the discourse, concepts such as diversity and urbanity could be given alternative meanings instead of being used to mourn the loss of a “real”, original city or urban public space.<br><p>QC 20130204</p>
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Uhlenbruch, Frauke. "The Nowhere Bible : the Biblical passage Numbers 13 as a case study of Utopian and Dystopian readings by diachronic audiences." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/315827.
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Applying utopian theory to the Bible reveals a number of issues surrounding the biblical text within academic disciplines such as biblical studies, which study the Bible as an ancient cultural artefact, and among religious readers of the Bible. The biblical passage Numbers 13 was chosen as a case study of a utopian reading of the image of the Promised Land to demonstrate the Bible’s multifaceted potential by externalising the presupposition brought to the text. The underlying method is derived from an ideal type procedure, appropriated from Weber. Instead of comparing phenomena to each other, one compares a phenomenon to a constructed ideal type. This method enables one to compare phenomena independently of exclusive definitions and direct linear influences. It has been suggested by biblical scholars that utopian readings of the Bible can yield insights into socio-political circumstances in the society which produced biblical texts. Using observations by Holquist about utopias’ relationships to reality it is asked if applying the concept of utopia to a biblical passage allows drawing conclusions about the originating society of the Hebrew Bible. The answer is negative. Theory about literary utopias is applied to the case study passage. Numbers 13 is similar to literary utopias in juxtaposing a significantly improved society with a home society, the motif of travellers in an unfamiliar environment, and the feature of a map which is graphically not representable. Noth’s reading of the biblical passage’s toponyms reveals that its map is a utopian map. Numbers 13 is best understood as a literary utopia describing an unrealistic environment and using common utopian techniques and motifs. Despite describing an unrealistic environment, the passage was understood as directly relevant to reality by readers throughout time, for example by Bradford. Following two Puritan readings, it is observed that biblical utopian texts have the potential of being applied in reality by those who see them as a call to action. If a literary utopia is attempted to be brought into reality, it becomes apparent that it marginalises those who are not utopian protagonists; in the case study passage, the non-Israelite tribes, in Bradford’s reading, the Native Nations in New England. The interplay of utopia and dystopia is explored and it is concluded that a definitive trait of literary utopias is their potential to turn into an experienced dystopia if enforced literally. This argument is supported by demonstrating that the utopian traits of the case study passage contain dystopian downsides if read from a different perspective. A contemporary utopian reading of the case study passage is proposed. Today utopian speculation most often appears in works of science fiction (SF). Motifs appearing in the case study passage are read as tropes familiar to a contemporary Bible reader from SF. Following D. Suvin’s SF theory, it is concluded that the Bible in the contemporary world can be understood as a piece of SF. It contains the juxtaposition of an estranged world with a reader’s experienced world as well as a potential utopian and dystopian message.
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Ertuna, Ayberk Can. "Gated Communities As A New Upper-middle Class Utopia In Turkey: The Case Of Angora Houses." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1080589/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effects of gated communities in the increasing fragmentation of urban space and in the increasing polarisation among different classes in the Turkish context, more specifically in the capital, Ankara.
Since the case study is based on an upper-middle class suburban gated community, first, suburbanisation &ldquo<br>as a wave of urbanisation&rdquo<br>is analysed. Then, the debates about the middle class and the transformation that this social stratum has undergone are discussed. Later, the formation of gated communities around the world and in Turkey are analysed within the general framework of the transformation of the urban sphere. Finally, the theoretical arguments are scrutinised by incorporating the findings of the case study carried out in Angora Houses. In this study Angora Houses is concluded to be a gated community which is &ldquo<br>fortified&rdquo<br>for the preservation of an upper-middle class lifestyle rather than for security concerns and which reproduces socio-spatial inequalities among Ankaraites rather than standing as only the expression of them.
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Stefaniak, João Luiz. "ENTRE A MIRAGEM E A UTOPIA: A EFETIVIDADE DO DIREITO HUMANO E FUNDAMENTAL À MORADIA NA CIDADE CAPITALISTA." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2011. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/317.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-30<br>Despite being ensured in the constitutional and infra-constitutional juridical ordainment, the human and fundamental right to housing is far from being fulfilled, since the urban development policy adopted by the Capitalist State is based on its main function that is guaranteeing the production and reproduction of the process of capital accumulation. The urban tools proposed by the City Statute to face property speculation and urban segregation and, consequently induce the reform of the excluding land distribution in Brazilian cities, have not been used by most cities even after ten years of its approval. Housing programs tend to meet the demands of the middle class while the population lower class has no access to banking credit. This scenery reveals contradiction that constitutes the framework of this research: the lack of effectiveness of the right to housing in the city despite its existence in the urban legislation. From the conceptualization of decent housing and the right to housing, this paper highlights the protagonist role of the Capitalist State and the urban social movement regarding housing as a social issue, it also analyses the interlink between housing, the right to housing and the similar categories city and the right to a sustainable city. Taking into consideration the uneven and combined development of the capitalist urbanization process – will focus on the urban phenomenon called slums which constituted the city, necessary object of regularization and land urbanization. The city of Ponta Grossa was chosen for the practical observation of the hypothesis formulated, and its urban municipal legislation as well as the local urban social movement were analyzed. It was concluded that the contradiction between urban norm and urban policy employed by the municipality, which implies the lack of universality of the right to decent housing, is associated to the current phase of capitalist development, characterized by the system structural crisis. This reality is partially hidden by the ideological mirage articulated by the Capitalist State, and a task is posed to the urban social movement: the construction of the social city utopia and a sustainable environment on the ruins of such a mirage.<br>Apesar de consagrado no ordenamento jurídico constitucional e infra-constitucional o direito humano e fundamental à moradia está longe de ser efetivado, a política de desenvolvimento urbano adotado pelo Estado-capitalista é fundamentada na sua função precípua de garantir a produção e reprodução do processo de acumulação do capital. Os instrumentos urbanísticos estabelecidos para combater a especulação imobiliária e a segregação urbana e, conseqüentemente, induzir a reforma da excludente estrutura fundiária das cidades brasileiras, após dez anos da aprovação do Estatuto da Cidade não foram colocados em prática pela maioria dos Municípios. Os programas habitacionais continuam direcionados a atender as demandas da classe média, pois a camada mais pobre da população não tem acesso ao crédito bancário. Este quadro revela uma contradição que constitui o fio condutor desta pesquisa: a ausência de efetividade do direito à cidade apesar da sua previsão minuciosa na legislação urbanística. Parte-se da conceituação de moradia digna e direito à moradia, destacando o papel protagonista do Estado-capitalista e do movimento social urbano na questão social da habitação, passando pela imbricação de moradia e direito à moradia com as similares categorias cidade e direito à cidade sustentável. Levando em conta o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do processo de urbanização capitalista - vai enfocar o fenômeno urbano da favela que constituiu a cidade, objeto necessário da regularização e urbanização fundiária. Definida a cidade de Ponta Grossa como lócus para a constatação prática das hipóteses enunciadas, é realizado a análise da legislação urbanística municipal e da atuação do movimento social urbano local. Em sede de síntese conclui-se que a contradição entre a norma urbanística e a política urbana aplicada pelo Município, que implica na ausência de universalização do direito à moradia digna está associada à atual fase de desenvolvimento capitalista, caracterizada pela crise estrutural do sistema. Esta realidade é acobertada pela miragem ideológica articulada pelo Estado-capitalista, sendo que a tarefa posta para o movimento social urbano é a construção da utopia da cidade social e ambientalmente sustentável nos escombros desta miragem.
Apesar de consagrado no ordenamento jurídico constitucional e infra-constitucional o direito humano e fundamental à moradia está longe de ser efetivado, a política de desenvolvimento urbano adotado pelo Estado-capitalista é fundamentada na sua função precípua de garantir a produção e reprodução do processo de acumulação do capital. Os instrumentos urbanísticos estabelecidos para combater a especulação imobiliária e a segregação urbana e, conseqüentemente, induzir a reforma da excludente estrutura fundiária das cidades brasileiras, após dez anos da aprovação do Estatuto da Cidade não foram colocados em prática pela maioria dos Municípios. Os programas habitacionais continuam direcionados a atender as demandas da classe média, pois a camada mais pobre da população não tem acesso ao crédito bancário. Este quadro revela uma contradição que constitui o fio condutor desta pesquisa: a ausência de efetividade do direito à cidade apesar da sua previsão minuciosa na legislação urbanística. Parte-se da conceituação de moradia digna e direito à moradia, destacando o papel protagonista do Estado-capitalista e do movimento social urbano na questão social da habitação, passando pela imbricação de moradia e direito à moradia com as similares categorias cidade e direito à cidade sustentável. Levando em conta o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do processo de urbanização capitalista - vai enfocar o fenômeno urbano da favela que constituiu a cidade, objeto necessário da regularização e urbanização fundiária. Definida a cidade de Ponta Grossa como lócus para a constatação prática das hipóteses enunciadas, é realizado a análise da legislação urbanística municipal e da atuação do movimento social urbano local. Em sede de síntese conclui-se que a contradição entre a norma urbanística e a política urbana aplicada pelo Município, que implica na ausência de universalização do direito à moradia digna está associada à atual fase de desenvolvimento capitalista, caracterizada pela crise estrutural do sistema. Esta realidade é acobertada pela miragem ideológica articulada pelo Estado-capitalista, sendo que a tarefa posta para o movimento social urbano é a construção da utopia da cidade social e ambientalmente sustentável nos escombros desta miragem.
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Val, Fiel Mónica. "La representación utópica del espacio público. Diagramas de arquitectura conceptual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28392.
Full textAbstract:
La historia de la arquitectura y de la ciudad es un reflejo de la convivencia y de las constantes influencias e interferencias del arte con la propia arquitectura.
Esta investigación se sitúa temporalmente en el periodo 1960-1975, en el análisis de los visionarios proyectos utópicos que proponían nuevos mecanismos y estrategias para abordar el modelo de ciudad. Son proyectos que muestran la representación del espacio público, tratando de desarrollar nuevas maneras de pensar y proyectar otro modelo que surja desprovisto de la rigidez de los modelos "ideales" de la arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno.
La tesis analiza la comunión del arte con la arquitectura, centrando su atención en los años correspondientes al desarrollo del Arte Conceptual (1966-1972), aunque atendiendo previamente a las influencias del Pop, del Minimalismo y del Accionismo. De esta manera, recoge sus inicios en la esfera británica de la Arquitectura Pop, la Megaestructura, el Fenómeno Austriaco y finaliza con la Arquitectura Radical italiana.
Los arquitectos de dicho periodo, inmersos en un momento de cambio cultural, incorporan y utilizan "la exposición" como mecanismo de comunicación, de manifestación del "espíritu de los tiempos" y de transmisión de unas ideas que adquieren un protagonismo autónomo a la propia construcción. La materialidad de sus propuestas queda expresada en múltiples representaciones que manifiestan su crítica e ideario y que, apropiándose de los lenguajes del arte, pasan a constituirse como Arquitectura Conceptual.<br>Val Fiel, M. (2013). La representación utópica del espacio público. Diagramas de arquitectura conceptual [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/28392<br>Palancia
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Payne, Briana. "Oral History of Bonton and Ideal Neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848166/.
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The Bonton and Ideal neighborhoods in Dallas Texas, developed in the early 1900s, experienced physical and social decay throughout the 1980s. Neighborhood organizations and resident activism were vital to the rebirth of the community in the 1990s. Current revitalization efforts taking place there have been a source of contention as the neighborhood continues to overcome inequalities created by decades of racialized city planning initiatives. This thesis focuses on how the structuring structure of whiteness has historically affected, and continues to affect, the neighborhoods of Ideal and Bonton, as well as acts to identify how black residents have navigated their landscape and increased their collective capital through neighborhood activism.
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Zwetsch, Bárbara Elisa. "Limiares urbanos : a necessária precariedade à existência." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62103.
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Esta dissertação é resultado da realização de diversas discussões e reflexões sobre as formas de viver e habitar a cidade atual. Tais questões surgem do processo de pesquisa da mestranda junto às pessoas em situação de rua, que ocorreu no município de Novo Hamburgo-RS durante o ano de 2011. A escolha por dizer da cidade a partir do olhar dessa população ocorre pelas afirmações de Calvino, Foucault e Peixoto de que uma escolha ética em pesquisa não está pautada na reprodução dos modos hegemônicos de vida na cidade, mas numa ética que luta por instaurar uma diferença na paisagem opaca através do detalhe que interroga a condição totalizante. Sustentados pelas colocações de Benjamin, Agamben e Gagnebin, de que os verdadeiros narradores da cidade são aqueles que não nos deixam esquecer a fratura que funda a sociedade e, tendo a utopia como aposta ética-estética-política, escolhemos utilizar o dispositivo imagético, inspirado nas produções fotográficas de Jeff Wall, para dar visibilidade ao habitar a cidade. Dessa forma, propusemos aos participantes da pesquisa que pensassem e escolhessem uma imagem do habitar a cidade que fosse significativa a eles para que pudéssemos recriá-la através da escrita e da fotografia. Através dessas imagens, tal trabalho tem como objetivo interrogar como ocorrem os processos de subjetivação e exclusão nas cidades atuais. Reconhecendo nos pequenos esquecimentos da história fragmentos potentes de experiência da cidade, como a discussão sobre o testemunho irá revelar e, por isso, busca-se a força de interrogar os modos de habitar a cidade através da função de testemunho. Para tanto, a escrita compõem-se, essencialmente, de três partes. Num primeiro momento, se abordará o percurso de pesquisa, discutindo a constituição e as escolhas sobre o método de pesquisa, a partir de interrogações sobre a função do testemunho. Num segundo momento, se discutirão algumas considerações que se entendem como fundamentais à compreensão sobre a cidade; como a indagação sobre uma ética do olhar sobre a cidade; o modo como se estabeleceu o urbano enquanto ciência e método para compreender a cidade e, como isso, passou a fazer parte do discurso da urbe; a análise do processo de urbanização brasileiro e a cidade de Novo Hamburgo, que foi cenário dessa pesquisa; e, através das discussões de Foucault e Agamben, os modos de subjetivação que se configuram na cidade a partir de duas questões centrais: a questão das vidas infames e a questão do modo como as políticas são estabelecidas às vidas infames, o modo como o biopolítico torna-se o paradigma das cidades, influenciando as políticas públicas. A parte final compõe-se das imagens que foram possíveis desse percurso, bem como das discussões sobre elas.<br>This dissertation is the result of the completion of several discussions and reflections on ways to live and dwell in the city nowadays. Such issues arise in the research process of the author, which occurred in the town of Novo Hamburgo-RS during the year of 2011, together with people on street situation. The choice of telling about the city through the eyes of this population occurs by the statements of Calvino, Foucault and Peixoto that an ethical choice on research is not based in the reproduction of hegemonic ways of city life, but an ethics which strives to establish a difference in the landscape through the opaque detail that questions the total condition. Supported by the placement of Benjamin, Agamben and Gagnebin, that the true storytellers of the city are those who will not let us forget the deep fracture that establishes society and having the utopia as a ethical-esthetic-political bet, we chose to use the imagery device, inspired in photographic productions of Jeff Wall, to give visibility to the inhabit of the city. Thus, we proposed to the research participants to think and choose a living image of the city that was meaningful to them so we could recreate it through writing and photography. Through these images, this paper aims to examine how the processes of exclusion and subjectivity occur in contemporary cities. Recognizing the small forgetfulness of history powerful experience fragments of the city, as the discussion on the witness will prove and, therefore, seeks the strength to question the ways of inhabiting the city via the witness function. To do so, the writing consists essentially of three parts. At first, it will address the way of research, discussing the constitution and the choices on the method of research, from questions about the role of witness. Secondly, it will discuss some considerations that are understood as fundamental to the understanding of the city, like the ethical questioning about over viewing the city, how they established the city as a science and the method to its understanding and, how it became part of the discourse of the town; the analysis of the Brazilian urbanization process and the city of Novo Hamburgo, which was the setting of this research and, through discussions of Foucault and Agamben, the modes of subjectivation that constitute the city from two central issues: the question of the infamous lifes and the question of how policies are set at the infamous lives, how the biopolitical becomes the paradigm of cities, influencing public policies. The final part is composed of images that were possible from this path, as well as the discussion of them.
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Saby, Aurélien. "W.H. Auden : pertes et repères dans la cité." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040091/document.
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La poésie d’Auden (1907-1973) propose des formes inédites invitant le lecteur à repenser l’écriture de la cité. Fasciné par les villes, le poète n’a cessé de sonder divers modèles (Cité juste, Utopie, Cité de Dieu, etc.) pour renouveler sa création sans perdre l’espoir de voir advenir un « lieu bon » (« the Good Place »). Très tôt dans son œuvre, il rapproche la « civitas » de l’œuvre d’art permettant d’élever l’homme au-dessus de la nature. Cependant, ses textes mettent souvent en scène les tribulations de personnages perdus dans un contexte urbain (Bruxelles, Berlin, New York). Par ailleurs, le poète vit s’ébranler tous les repères de la cité avec la Grande Guerre avant d’assister à la montée du nazisme, et ses textes des années 1940 comptent parmi les premiers qui disent – ou tentent de dire – la réalité des camps de concentration dans un monde qui ne fait plus sens. Dans le sillage de The Waste Land d’Eliot, son œuvre soulève question même de la possibilité d’écrire la cité alors que son unité a éclaté en laissant régner les lois du mal. Ainsi, Auden s’inscrit en faux contre tous les grands chantres qui glorifient la ville moderne. Dans la veine de Baudelaire, il dit le monde désenchanté qui l’entoure, mais pour cela, il est prêt à user de tous les artifices de la langue. En temps de crise, seul le langage peut servir de refuge assurant la possibilité d’une « civitas ». Les autres tentatives de fuite vers un ailleurs joyeux (fêtes publiques ou privées) conduiront tout droit à une impasse. Ni philosophe, ni homme politique, Auden était poète, et c’est en tant que poète, c’est-à-dire en tant que créateur de formes, qu’il propose des « mondes secondaires » témoignant d’une vérité qui parfois s’approche de la Vérité retrouvée dans le silence de la Cité idéale, où plus rien ne divise la communauté des hommes, pas même les mots<br>Auden’s poetry offers unprecedented forms inviting readers to reconsider the poetics of the city. The poet – who was fascinated by cityscapes – kept exploring models (the Just City, Utopia, the City of God, etc.) in order to renew his creation, while aiming at reaching what he called “the Good Place”. Very early in his career, he regarded the “civitas” as analogous to an artwork testifying to man’s superiority over nature. However, his poems often stage the labyrinthine wanderings of characters that have lost themselves somewhere in a city (Brussels, Berlin, New York). Moreover, during the First World War Auden saw all the bearings and landmarks of the City shattered; and in the early 1930s he witnessed the rise of Nazism. Actually, his long poems published in the 1940s count among the first literary works dealing with – or trying to do so – the reality of concentration camps in a world that doesn’t make any sense anymore. In the wake of Eliot’s Waste Land, his work questions the possibility of writing about the City whose unity has been broken while the laws of evil rule over the world.Thus, Auden makes a stand against the bards who glorify the modern city. Following Baudelaire, he describes the disenchanted world in which he lives; but to do so, he is ready to resort to all the artifices of language. Indeed, in times of crisis, only language may serve as a refuge allowing citizens to rebuild a “civitas”. Any other attempt at escaping towards some happy place (on the occasion of public or private parties) will inevitably come to a dead end. Auden was neither a philosopher nor a politician: he was a poet, i.e. a maker designing “secondary worlds” bearing witness to a truth that sometimes reaches the Truth, regained in the silence of the ideal City where nothing divides men, not even words
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Belge, Burak. "Urban Archaeological Issues And Resources In Izmir Historic City Centre: An Exploratory Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606886/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In Turkey, the majority of the historic city centres have been continuously occupied since early ages onwards and where still occupation exists. The multi-layered structure of historic centres both can indicate the historical continuity of cities and enhance urban consciousness, if urban archaeological resources are handled effectively into planning process. However, the recent policies and strategies don&<br>#8217<br>t allow the handling of urban archaeological resources, especially invisible sub-soil resources, into planning and decision-making process.
In this thesis, it is aimed to formulate a basic methodological framework for the handling of urban archaeological resources into planning process of historic city centres in Turkey. Therefore, the study is handled in two parts<br>a conceptual methodological framework part and an exploratory case study.In the conceptual part, a basic equation is studied to research the factors on the conservation and evaluation of real urban archaeological potential. Then, the methodological framework is examined in detail in izmir Historic City Centre that has been inhabited since 324 B.C.
Consequently, the terms of equi-property areas, which are used to define ideal potential of archaeological resources, and urban archaeological character zones, which are described as the basic units of planning and conservation policies, are developed to determine exact management strategies for urban archaeological resources.
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Aruta, Valentina. "Il tema della città felice in Platone e al-Farabi, una lettura comparata di filosofia politica." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3744.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente lavoro di ricerca analizza la filosofia politica di Platone e al-Farabi, filosofo del medioevo islamico, mediante il ricorso ad una metodologia di tipo comparativo.
La riflessione politica farabiana accoglie dichiaratamente alcuni passaggi fondamentali del platonismo, insieme a diverse concezioni ereditate dalla tradizione aristotelica e neoplatonica, per sviluppare un pensiero filosofico nuovo incardinato entro i binari della religione musulmana.
La tesi si articola in cinque capitoli: nel primo viene affrontato il tema della trasmissione e della rielaborazione del sapere greco nel mondo islamico, fenomeno culturale che è necessario tener presente per comprendere il nesso tra la filosofia platonica e farabiana; nel secondo viene trattato il rapporto degli autori con il loro proprio contesto storico-culturale; nel terzo viene analizzata la relazione vigente tra la filosofia politica e le altre principali aree tematiche di loro interesse, come la gnoseologia, l etica, la psicologia e la religione, al fine di chiarire il significato che la politica assume nei rispettivi sistemi filosofici; nel quarto sono esposti i contenuti delle loro principali opere politiche; ed infine nell ultimo capitolo è svolta un analisi comparata tra Platone e al-Farabi sulle principali questioni inerenti al tema della città ideale. Tra i temi in esame sono presenti: la definizione della felicità come scopo del governo ideale; l isomorfismo uomo / città / cosmo; il profilo del sovrano; il ruolo della legge e l analisi delle città devianti.
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Lenne, Lydie. "Humanicité, de l’utopie à l’hétérotopie. Recherche en Information-Communication accompagnant un projet d’innovation urbaine." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30021/document.
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Humanicité est un nouveau quartier, né à l’initiative de l’Université Catholique de Lille qui, à travers ce projet urbain, a souhaité élargir et diversifier ses activités sanitaires et médicosociales. Il s’agit de créer un lieu empreint de mixité où sont présents tous les représentants de la société dans leur diversité y compris les personnes ayant un handicap. Ce projet utopique comporte également le souhait de co-construire avec toutes les parties prenantes, des innovations suscitées par les questions qui se posent dans ce nouveau lieu de vie. Pour en accompagner l’émergence, mais aussi organiser la participation des habitants et usagers, l’ensemble du quartier est le lieu d’un Living Lab. Cette utopie, forme de projection d’une autre société meilleure et plus juste, cherche à être traduite dans la réalité. Nous postulons, à la suite d’auteurs comme Ricœur, qu’elle est fondamentalement réalisable et pour se faire elle entre dans un processus de traduction, elle mobilise des objets, se transmet à travers la multiplication des interactions, jusqu’à se confronter, dans sa matérialisation, à la réalité. En devenant réelle, cette utopie donne naissance à une hétérotopie Humanicité, un « contre-emplacement », qui met au jour les représentations et appropriations de l’espace. Il s’agit dans ce travail de recherche et grâce à ce terrain particulier, de comprendre le processus par lequel un projet innovant d’urbanisme devient le projet des habitants, des intervenants et partenaires qui ont et auront à le vivre<br>Humanicité is a new neighborhood, born on the initiative of the Catholic University of Lille which wanted, through this urban project, to expand and diversify its health and medico-social activities. It is about creating a place full of diversity where all the members of society are present, including people with disabilities. This utopian project is also about co-creating, with all the stakeholders involved, innovations developed in response to issues related to this new living space. To guide the emergence of this process and also to organize the participation of the inhabitants and users, the whole neighbourhood houses a Living Lab. This utopia, a projected form of another society which would be better and fairer, pursues the objective of being translated into reality. Following authors like Ricœur, we assume that utopia is fundamentally achievable and that doing so embarks on a process of translation, mobilizes objects, and spreads by the growing of interactions until it confronts the reality of becoming material. When it becomes real, this utopia creates a heterotopia - a space of otherness - which reveals the appropriations and perceptions of space. In this study the objective is to understand the process by which an urban innovation project becomes that of its inhabitants and stakeholders who have and will have to live in it
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Fröjd, Linnea, and Sofia Wendel. "Den attraktiva stadens framväxt." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22769.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse how the term attractiveness is interpreted in Swedish contemporary urban planning. The focus is to analyse how the term is discursively constructed and by this highlight the conceptions that exist around what makes a city attractive. We want to emphasize the importance of a deeper understanding of how attractiveness is used in urban planning and how the term is a part of the development of our cities. Given the use of attractiveness as a part of visionary goals for Malmö´s and other Swedish cities future development, our intention, therefore, is to enhance the understanding of what the use of attractiveness means in respect of the creation and construction of power relations in time and place. The framework of our analysis is based on the discourse theory approach and used as a way of understanding how urban ideals is discursively constructed. This perspective stresses the production of city and place as a planning process. The meaning of attractive places is historically and contextually dependent and constantly constructed and reconstructed through ideals. We have also used the concept of discourse theory as a tool for analysing our empirical material and to detect which values are combined with the term attractiveness. The study is mostly based on planning-documents and interviews with planners and architects located in the city of Malmö. The paper demonstrates that the term attractiveness is used as a tool for achieving the vision of sustainable development but emphasizes that there is a problem implementing the visionary goal of attractiveness on a practice level. The use of attractiveness within planning practice creates both complications and misunderstandings among planners. The meaning of the concept is presented with both a competitive approach and approaches towards social benefits. Attractiveness tends to contain everything and nothing, which demonstrates the gap between vision and reality in urban planning.
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Richez, Aurelia. "« Continents de l’“ailleurs” ».Formes et significations de la ville dans l’œuvre narrative d’Italo Calvino." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040219.
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Des romans néoréalistes aux récits fantastiques, des fables modernes aux essais engagés, Italo Calvino (1923-1985) fut un auteur très fécond. Ses écrits forment un parcours où se mêlent réel et imaginaire, visible et invisible, dicible et indicible, présence et absence. Au centre de ce parcours : des personnages souvent pourfendus en quête de vérité, d’harmonie, de complétude. La ville, espace humain par excellence, constitue un terrain d’observation privilégié pour révéler ces différents thèmes. Plus qu’un décor ou un lieu d’habitation, elle se fait miroir des personnages. Qu’elle soit réelle, imaginaire ou utopique, la ville semble cacher un secret. La présente étude propose de retracer et de suivre en parallèle l’évolution de l’espace urbain et celle de l’espace humain pour voir si ces paysages extérieur et intérieur sont à même de vivre ensemble. La ville, dans le corpus calvinien étudié, change sans cesse de visage : de la ville provinciale et balnéaire à la métropole industrielle, de la ville-encyclopédie à la ville sans racines. Souvent considérée comme un monstre en puissance, une maladie de l’époque moderne, un espace stérile et anonyme, la ville s’apparente alors à une cage « dorée » dans laquelle l’homme s’égare toujours plus. Pour sortir de ce labyrinthe, nous envisagerons l’espace urbain autrement afin de lui redonner son véritable sens. Nous voyagerons ainsi avec Marco Polo et remonterons aux origines de la ville pour nous diriger vers ce continent de l’Ailleurs où les cités seront suspendues dans les airs, où elles auront perdu le poids du réel et où peut-être, l’homme sera à même de retrouver sa place et son identité d’être humain et de citoyen des Villes<br>From neo-realist novels to fantastic narratives, and from modern fables to committed essays, Italo Calvino (1923-1985) was a prolific author. His writings all weave together the real and imaginary, the visible and invisible, the said and unsaid, the present and absent. At the centre of this pattern are often cloven characters in search of truth, harmony and completeness. The city, the archetypal human space, constitutes a privileged observation point from which these different themes can be observed. More than just a setting or a living space, it acts as a mirror for its characters. Whether the city is real, invisible, imaginary or utopian, it seems to hide a secret. The present study offers to simultaneously recount and follow the evolution of urban and human space in order to see if these outer and inner landscapes can actually live together. If we take into account the Calvinian corpus, we see that the city continually changes its face : from the small provincial and seaside town to the industrial metropolis, from the encyclopaedia city to the rootless one. Often considered to be a powerful monster, a disease of modern times, a sterile and anonymous space, the city resembles something more like a gilded cage in which men are always led astray. In order to escape this labyrinth, we must reimagine urban space in order for it to reclaim its true meaning. Thus, we will travel side-by-side with Marco Polo : we will retrace the history of the city in order to travel the continent of Elsewhere, one in which cities will be suspended in the air, unburdened by reality, and where – perhaps – we will be able to recover our humanity and our citizenship of Cities
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Bartha, Ilinca. "L'utopie dans la littérature française de l'aube du classicisme à l'aube des lumières." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30014/document.
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Complexe et mystérieuse, l’utopie représente sans doute l’une des notions dont la longue carrière dans l’histoire de la pensée et de la culture humaines est incontestable. Compte tenu de cette grande richesse conceptuelle, notre analyse de l’utopie dans la littérature française de l’aube du classicisme à l’aube des Lumières commence par l’esquisse du cadre théorique de l’utopie, à partir du mot lui-Même, des multiples significations qu’il a reçues au long du temps et par la mise en évidence des deux paradigmes qui le caractérisent, à savoir un paradigme théorique et un paradigme littéraire. Tout en suivant l’origine et les métamorphoses du concept d’utopie jusqu’à son évolution vers un genre littéraire particulier, nous nous sommes arrêtée sur un corpus de textes qui témoignent, à notre avis, à la fois de la consécration, de la maturité et de l’élasticité du genre utopique, il s’agit des deux romans de Cyrano de Bergerac, Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, du roman de Gabriel de Foigny, La Terre australe connue, des Aventures de Télémaque de Fénelon et des trois pièces de Marivaux, L’île des esclaves, L’île de la raison et La Colonie. À la lumière de la signification duale du terme créé par More, à savoir celle de lieu de nulle part (« ou-Topos »), mais aussi celle de lieu de bonheur (« eu-Topos »), nous avons divisé notre étude en deux grandes parties, l’une consacrée à l’analyse de l’espace utopique et l’autre à l’analyse de la société utopique. Plurivalent et hétérogène, l’espace utopique suit, dans chacun des ouvrages analysés, quelques principes généraux tels que l’insularité, l’altérité et l’isolement, tout en prenant, en même temps, des configurations à part, ce qui témoigne à la fois de l’identité particulière de chaque œuvre choisie et du réseau de significations qui se tisse entre elles. L’analyse de la société utopique est elle aussi une source extrêmement riche d’observations et de conclusions et s’appuie sur trois coordonnées majeures : l’altérité de la société utopique, sa nature idéale et sa critique implicite de la société humaine. Derrière ces piliers théoriques, nous retrouvons la description effective de la société utopique, avec le portrait de l’Utopien, le procès de l’homme et de nombreux aspects économiques, politiques et organisationnels qui caractérisent toute communauté<br>Complex and mysterious, utopia has undoubtedly been one of the concepts whose long career in the history of human thinking and culture has been undeniable. Having in view this conceptual legacy our analysis of utopia in the French literature from the beginning of Classicism to the beginning of the Enlightment starts with the description of the theoretical background of utopia, with the word, as such, and the various significances that it has received along the time and with the presentation of the two paradigms characterizing it, the theoretical and the literary paradigm. From the origin and the metamorphoses of the concept of utopia down to its evolution towards a literary genre in itself we have approached a corpus of texts that demonstrate once and again the consecration, the maturity and the elasticity of the utopian genre, in the two novels of Cyrano de Bergerac, Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, the novel of Gabriel de Foigny, La Terre australe connue, the Aventures de Télémaque by Fénelon and the three plays by Marivaux, L’île des esclaves, L’île de la raison et La Colonie. In the light of the dual significance of the term created by More, that of a place of nowhere (« ou-Topos »), but also that of a place of happiness (« eu-Topos »), we have divided the paper into two big parts, one devoted to the analysis of the utopian space and the other to the analysis of the utopian society. Plurivalent and heterogeneous, the utopian space pursues, in every work analyzed, some general principles such as the insularity, the otherness and the isolation, and, at the same time, all of them acquire special configurations which proves both the particular identity of the work chosen and the web of significances that binds them. The analysis of the utopian society is in itself a rich source of observations and conclusions and relies on three major coordinates: the otherness of the utopian society, its ideal nature and its implicit scrutiny of the human society. Behind these theoretical pillars we discover the actual description of the utopian society, with the portrait of the Utopian being, the trial of the human being, and the numerous economic, political and organizational aspects that characterize the entire community
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Costa, Georgia Carolina Capistrano da. "As cidades da Companhia Bata (1918-1940) e de Jan Antonin Bata (1940-1965): relações entre a experiência internacional e a brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102132/tde-24012013-154637/.
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Idealizado como uma \"cidade industrial ideal\", o antigo núcleo industrial de Batatuba, situado no município de Piracaia (SP, Brasil), é praticamente invisível na historiografia das realizações urbanísticas no Brasil, embora em seu projeto sobressaiam seu caráter social e sua filiação ao pensamento moderno. Batatuba integrara um programa internacional de cidades destinado a concretizar, arquitetônica e urbanisticamente, a expansão mundial da Companhia calçadista Bata, que se iniciara e florescera no entreguerras. Ainda que emissárias dos princípios da racionalidade e eficiência de Taylor e Ford, as ações dos dirigentes da Companhia - inicialmente as de seu fundador, Tomas Bata (1876-1932, chamado de Henry Ford da Europa Central) e depois as de Jan Antonin Bata (1898-1965) - contribuíram para inaugurar novas referências nos campos do planejamento urbano e territorial, da organização industrial e das relações de trabalho naquelas décadas. O núcleo industrial de Batatuba fora iniciado por Jan Antonin Bata por volta de 1940, sendo possível notar a permanência, tanto no desenho de sua planta urbana, quanto nos remanescentes atuais, do \"vocabulário\" urbanístico replicado nas \"cidades-em-série\" da Companhia. Assim, não seria gratuita a flagrante semelhança do plano de Batatuba com outros planos para uma cidade industrial ideal, como Batovany-Partizanske (atual Eslováquia). Durante a expansão internacional da empresa nos anos 1930 este vocabulário desenvolvera-se gradualmente em Zlín (atual República Tcheca), então a cidade-sede da Companhia Bata, e por meio de seu escritório de arquitetos, sendo a base desta linguagem a racionalidade no uso de materiais e técnicas construtivos e a padronização e reprodutibilidade. Esta orientação se expressou nos planos urbanos, onde os bairros residenciais revelavam a preferência pelo modelo da cidade-jardim e o lema de Tomas Bata \"Trabalhar coletivamente e viver individualmente\". Aspecto fundamental desta evolução foi a aproximação da empresa com os arquitetos dos CIAM (Congressos Internacionais de Arquitetura Moderna) e alguns de seus expoentes, como Le Corbusier, atraídos pelo ideário social, arquitetônico e urbanístico da Companhia e pelas possibilidades projetuais proporcionadas pelo porte global desta. Elemento de ruptura desta evolução, a Segunda Guerra Mundial representou uma inflexão no modus operandi da Companhia. Por volta de 1940, Jan Antonin Bata iniciou nova etapa nos negócios, adquirindo no Brasil, onde passou a residir definitivamente, as empresas Companhia de Viação São Paulo - Mato Grosso e Companhia Comercial Alto-Paraná. Nesta fase as ações de Jan Bata adquiriram nova tonalidade. Com suas empresas, participa do desbravamento do oeste paulista e do sul do então Mato Grosso, planejando e fundando cidades e núcleos de caráter agroindustrial: Vila CIMA (Companhia Industrial, Mercantil e Agrícola), Mariápolis, Bataguassu, Batayporã, Kennedyba - intentando, afinal, contribuir para incorporar os \"espaços vazios\" de Vargas à economia brasileira. No que se refere às realizações arquitetônicas e urbanísticas, a fase brasileira de Jan Bata, por sua quase total ausência na historiografia, ainda carece de melhor conhecimento e análise. Este trabalho pretende distinguir esta fase - situada entre os anos de 1940 e 1965 - e relacioná-la com as cidades da Companhia Bata criadas durante os anos do entreguerras (1918-1940). Busca analisar, preliminarmente e à luz do Movimento Moderno e das questões locais, em que medida aquela constância programática exercida pela Companhia, no planejamento da vida coletiva, do trabalho e da produção industrial, de expressão urbanística e de cunho econômico, foi seguida no ambiente brasileiro sendo preservada ou reinventada.<br>Idealized as an \"ideal industrial city\", the old industrial core of Batatuba, located in Piracaia (SP, Brazil) is virtually invisible in historiography of urban achievements in Brazil - although its project manifests a social character and an ascendancy of modernist thinking. Batatuba had integrated an international cities\' program aimed to materialize in architectonic and urban ways the global expansion of Bata footwears company, which began and flourished during the 1920-1930 decades. Although reiterating Taylor\'s and Ford\'s rationality and efficiency principles, the actions of Bata Company\'s directors (the first, Tomas Bata, 1876-1932, so-called \"Henry Ford of Central Europe\", and afterwards, Jan Antonin Bata, 1898-1965) added to inaugurate new references on urban and territorial planning, industrial organization and labor relations in those decades. The industrial core of Batatuba had been launched by Jan Antonin Bata by 1940, and its possible to notice the persistence of urban vocabulary replicated in the companys serial-cities, even in its urban plan and in its remaining buildings. In this sense, it wouldn\'t be a coincidence the clear similarity between Batatuba\'s plan and others Bata\'s \"ideal industrial city\", such as Batovant-Partizanske (Slovakia). During the company\'s international expansion during the 1930s that vocabulary had been gradually developed by Bata\'s architects in Zlín (Czech Republic nowadays, then the host city of the Company). Rationality in material\'s use and construction techniques, standardization and reproducibility turned into the basis of that language. Those orientations were expressed in urban plans, where residential neighborhoods revealed the preference for a garden-city model and for Tomas Batas motto: \"Working collectively and living individually.\" An important feature of that development was the company\'s approach to CIAM\'s (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) and some of its exponents - such as Le Corbusier, attracted by Bata\'s social, urban and architectonic ideas and by the possibilities offered by company\'s global extents. Second World War represented a collapse on that evolution and a shift in Bata\'s modus operandi. By 1940, Jan Antonin Bata started a new stage in his business, buying in Brazil - where he would live definitively the Road Company Sao Paulo-Mato Grosso and the Alto Paraná Commercial Company. At this stage, Bata\'s actions acquired new hues. With his companies, he participates in the profiteering of the West of São Paulo and Southern of the old Mato Grosso States, planning and founding cities and urban cores marked by an agro-industrial character: Vila CIMA (Industrial, Commercial and Agricultural Company Town), Mariápolis, Bataguassu, Batayporã, Kennedyba searching for, at least, contribute to incorporate the Brazilian empty spaces to national economy during Vargas years. In relation to urban and architectural achievements, the Brazilian phase of Jan Bata - by its almost complete absence in historiography - still needs better understanding and analysis. This paper aims to distinguish this stage - located between the years 1940 and 1965 - and relate it to Bata\'s cities created during the interwar years (1918-1940). Besides, this paper searches for analyze - preliminarily and under local issues and Modern Movements focus in which terms that programmatic constancy featured by Bata\'s (on planning collective life, work, industrial production in urban and economic ways) would been maintained or reinvented in Brazil.
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Girleanu, Simona. "Histoires et poétiques de la ville : représentations de Paris et Londres dans la deuxième moitié des Lumières." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30009.
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Paris et Londres offrent des sites privilégiés pour l’observation du nouveau regard porté sur la ville à la fin de l’époque des Lumières. Notre démonstration, basée sur des récits de voyage, des traités d’architecture et d’autres écrits sur la ville, vise à élaborer une histoire culturelle et littéraire de la ville à travers un volet de coopération histoire/poétique des représentations. Dans un premier temps, l’étude des projets urbains formulés à Paris et à Londres permet de dégager deux modalités complémentaires du rapport au phénomène urbain : la magnificence publique et l’utilité publique. Entre ces deux pôles émergent les concepts d’embellissement et d’improvement qui relèvent d’un imaginaire artistique et, respectivement, technique. En outre, cette réflexion générale sur l’aménagement urbain favorise l’émergence d’un espace public des savoirs, observée à travers deux cartes des lieux de savoirs à Paris et à Londres, élaborées par nos soins.Dans un deuxième temps, nous esquissons une poétique comparée de la ville qui permet de montrer l’imbrication des enjeux esthétiques et épistémologiques dans la description urbaine. D’une part, l’émergence de la théorie du caractère en architecture explique le lien entre les processus de lecture de la ville, la pratique de la réunion des arts et l’embellissement urbain. D’autre part, l’analyse comparée des différentes descriptions urbaines fait ressortir la circulation des modèles descriptifs de la ville. Le modèle de la cité idéale en particulier démontre parfaitement le réseau subtil de connivences qui se tissent à cette époque entre les formes urbaines et les formes discursives<br>The two great European capitals, Paris and London, are emblematic of the phenomenon of urban growth in the second half of the Enlightenment. The aim of our study, based on travelogues, architectural treatises and other writings on the two cities, is to elaborate a cultural and literary history of Paris and London by means of a multiple approach of the concept of representation which combines history and poetics. On the one hand, the analysis of the urban projects designed for Paris and London allows us to pinpoint two complementary manners of conceiving the city: public magnificence and public utility. Between these two poles emerge the concepts of embellissement and (urban) improvement which stem from an artistic and, respectively, technical urban imaginary. Moreover, the general debate on urban improvement fosters the emergence of a public sphere of science, demonstrated through two maps of places of science in Paris and London, conceived for the purposes of this study.On the other hand, a poetic approach of these urban representations shows the overlapping of aesthetic and epistemological issues. Firstly, the emergence of the architectural concept of character accounts for the link between the process of reading the city, the collaboration of arts at this time and urban improvement. Secondly, the comparative analysis of different types of urban descriptions allows us to demonstrate the circulation of several descriptive patterns, among which the pattern of the ideal city is the perfect embodiment of the subtle connections between urban forms and forms of discourse in the second half of the Enlightenment
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Sonntag, Ramona. "DeTROYt." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33070.
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An attempt to save the city of Detroit, Michigan, and its existing buildings by giving it a new meaning and future. Cars and roads are eliminated. Tiger Stadium is converted into a city-wide freight receiving and shipping facility. A system of pneumatic tubes is implemented in each neighborhood, with a district tube router facility inside the LaFayette Tower. Apartments vitalize the landmark Fisher Building. A new multi-storey research/ education/ work station with more stairs then elevators fills in an old parking lot.<br>Master of Architecture
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Rabot, Éric. "La "ville intelligente" : de l'utopie urbaine au populisme technologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG002.
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L’enjeu de la thèse est de repérer et caractériser la circulation, à travers l’utopie de la « ville intelligente », d’un discours favorable à une gestion des affaires publiques apparemment dépolitisée, mais aux multiples soubassements idéologiques : le « populisme technologique ». Cette recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication explore les différentes significations attribuées à la « ville intelligente », envisagée comme une « formule dans le discours » (Krieg-Planque, 2009). Nous nous interrogerons sur le statut d’utopie pouvant être attribué à la « ville intelligente », à la croisée des utopies urbaines (Picon, 2000 ; Riot-Sarcey, 2002) d’une part, et des utopies technoscientifiques et communicationnelles d’autre part (Breton, 1997 ; Musso, 2003 ; Mattelart, 1999). A cette fin, nous nous appuierons sur l’analyse des discours ayant pour objet la « ville intelligente » en France, sur la période de 2010 à 2017, et plus particulièrement sur l’étude de trois cas de projets de « ville intelligente », dans les villes et métropoles de Nice, Lyon et Paris<br>The aim of the thesis is to identify and characterize the circulation, through the utopia of the "smart city", of a discourse favorable to an apparently depoliticized management of public affairs, but with multiple ideological bases: "technological populism" ". This research in information and communication sciences explores the different meanings attributed to the "smart city", considered as a "formula in the discourse" (Krieg-Planque, 2009). We will examine the utopian status that can be attributed to the "intelligent city", at the crossroads of urban utopias (Picon, 2000 ; Riot-Sarcey, 2002) on the one hand, and techno-scientific and communication utopias on the other part (Breton, 1997 ; Musso, 2003 ; Mattelart, 1999). To this end, we will rely on the analysis of the discourses on the smart city in France, from 2010 to 2017, and more particularly on the study of three cases of "smart city" projects, in the cities and metropolises of Nice, Lyon and Paris
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Zadražilová, Miroslava. "Bydlení v intenzivních městských strukturách." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233243.
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As a result of changes in the society, such as the increasing mobility, increasing spatial demandindgness of inhabitants and the onset of digital technologies, the architects and urbanists have been searching for new ways of urban housing developments. One of these ways is densification, i.e. an intensive use of the urban space. An intensive urban structure uses up the potential of a place to its maximum, solves several issues simultaneously and is a functional hybrid, the home of potential suburbanizers and a place of social contacts. It comes from the efforts to solve the particular issue of an over-populated, collapsing city. The aim of the thesis is to show contemporary approaches to the issue of intensive urban structures and to map out both the built and unbuilt projects. The thesis creates a system of their categorization and taxonomy. There is always a mixture of functions in play from the functional perspective. One can distinguish five categories according to the spacial conception. These categories are as follows: multiplicity, porousness, hybridity, connectivity and verticality. The public and semi-public spaces thus move to the higher levels of the city, into the city level, urban balcony or the hybrid landscape. The built projects usually tend to be impulses, in relation to the original city, to develop and revitalize the devastated city areas, brownfields, even urban sprawls. Based on the findings of this thesis, diploma and pre-diploma project assignments have been created at the architecture department at FAST VUT in Brno and the approaches to the issue have been tested in the pedagogical process. The survey in the second part of the thesis looks for the answer to the question of whether the potential inhabitants of an intensive urban structure exist, and who these people might be.