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Journal articles on the topic 'Utopian socialism'
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1
Cox, Christopher M. "Rising With the Robots: Towards a Human-Machine Autonomy for Digital Socialism." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v18i1.1139.
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This essay is concerned with conceptualising digital socialism in two ways. First, this essay typifies digital socialism as a real utopian project bringing together the utopian potential of “full automation” as tied to socio-economic imperatives indicative of socialist aims. Second, in recognition of a critical gap between full automation and an emerging technological autonomy, this essay argues for a human-machine autonomy that situates autonomy as a shared condition among humans and machines. By conceiving of humans and automated technologies as autonomous subject aligned against capital, pursuing the aims of digital socialism can anticipate and avoid capitalist ideologies that hinders possibilities for autonomous pursuit of digital socialism.
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Visic, Maroje. "Onwards and upwards to the kingdom of beauty and love. Herbert Marcuse’s trajectory to socialism." Filozofija i drustvo 34, no. 1 (2023): 170–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2301170v.
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Socialists today can learn from Marcuse. Starting from this premise this paper discusses and elaborates on Herbert Marcuse?s trajectory to socialism. Marcuse successfully eluded the trap of ?economism?, and turned to subjectivity in search of a socialist solution. The transition to socialism is possible through the creation of new anthropology expressed through the concept of ?new sensibility?. The prototype of a new socialist human is an anti-superman. Peace and beauty are important characteristics of Marcuse?s socialism. ?Libertarian socialism?, ?feminist socialism?, ?integral socialism?, ?socialist humanism?, ?socialism as the work of art?, and ?utopian socialism? are all terms that testify to Marcuse?s open and many-faceted understanding of socialism in all of its complexity of meanings. Some of those meanings can inform debates on future prospects of socialism.
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Arnold, N. Scott. "Marx, Central Planning, and Utopian Socialism." Social Philosophy and Policy 6, no. 2 (1989): 160–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500000686.
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Marx believed that what most clearly distinguished him and Engels from the nineteenth-century French socialists was that their version (or vision) of socialism was “scientific” while the latters' was Utopian. What he intended by this contrast is roughly the following: French socialists such as Proudhon and Fourier constructed elaborate visions of a future socialist society without an adequate understanding of existing capitalist society. For Marx, on the other hand, socialism was not an idea or an ideal to be realized, but a natural outgrowth of the existing capitalist order. Marx's historical materialism is a systematic attempt to discover the laws governing the inner dynamics of capitalism and class societies generally. Although this theory issues in a prediction of the ultimate triumph of socialism, it is a commonplace that Marx had little to say about the details of post-capitalist society. Nevertheless, some of its features can be discerned from his critical analysis of capitalism and what its replacement entails.
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Gamonal, Sergio. "Utopia, Dystopia and Labor Law." Latin American Legal Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 138–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.15691/0719-9112vol10n2a4.
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In this article we will analyze how work is described by some of the most classic utopias, including utopian socialism. We believe that authors such as More, Campanella, Bacon, Andrae, Saint-Simon, Owen, and Fourier, inter alia, when building their utopias must have necessarily referred to work in those non-existent worlds. Accordingly, those dreams can help illustrate the scope and perspectives of current labor law. In this paper, we take a look at the possible utopian nature of labor law, especially in the unwanted but socially necessary tasks, which are generally invisible.
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Shandro, Alan. "Karl Marx as a Conservative Thinker." Historical Materialism 6, no. 1 (2000): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920600100414542.
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AbstractAccording to a long-standing conservative critique, the proponents of fundamental or revolutionary social change necessarily fail by sacrificing the organic complexity of society and the individual upon a procrustean bed of dogmatic and rigid universal principles. I will argue that Marx's concept of proletarian self-emancipation is not only compatible with this conservative critique but is appropriately understood as a variant of it. The self-emancipation of the working class is the core of Marx's critique of the Utopian socialists, for whom socialism is the instantiation of universal ideals rather than the product of class struggle. This critique should be construed, not as a theoretical promissory note for the realisation of these ideals through the agency of the workers, but as a criticism of the very project of founding political ethics on the basis of universal ideals. Marx's political thought bears a structural similarity to conservative thought in that each seeks to ground its political programme upon the study of society as it actually exists, rather than upon a vision of human nature considered apart from society. If Marx's critique of Utopian socialism holds water, the intellectual roots of Stalinist authoritarianism may be traced, not to the failure of Marx fully to outline the ideal communist society, but to the assimilation of elements of his thought to the Utopian style and tradition of political thought. There should be no surprise, therefore, when attempts to transcend Stalinism by basing radical politics upon sanitised versions of a socialist Utopia or socialist renditions of such universal liberal principles as human rights prove counter-productive.
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Hicks, Alexander, Stewart Clegg, Paul Boreham, and Geoff Dow. "Socialism: Scientific and Utopian." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 5 (September 1987): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069768.
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Chattopadhyay, Paresh. "Socialism: Utopian and Feasible." Monthly Review 37, no. 10 (March 5, 1986): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-037-10-1986-03_5.
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Manioudis, Manolis, and Dimitris Milonakis. "An Early Anticipation of Market Socialism? Liberalism, Heresy, and Knowledge in John Stuart Mill's Political Economy of Socialism." Science & Society 88, no. 3 (July 2024): 368–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.2024.88.3.368.
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John Stuart Mill is considered one of the most important representatives of the classical school of political economy. His intellectual development exhibited a gradual transition toward more socialistic views. This transition was partly the result of his interaction with French utopian socialists, which led Mill to theoretically construct an economic system lying between what is now called market capitalism and revolutionary socialism. For Mill, socialism would be a new organic period after the transitory and critical period of the “stationary state.” This paper delineates the core tenets of Mill's stationary state and presents it as an early anticipation of what from the 1920s on is called “market socialism.” Mill's optimistic vision of the stationary state was based on the spread of associations, the socialization of knowledge among all people, competition, and the importance of individuality. These elements are connected with Mill's idiosyncratic, liberal and utilitarianist vision of (market) socialism which prepares the ground for his socialist utopia based on the ideal “from each according to his capacities; to each according to his needs.”
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HABER, SAMUEL. "The Nightmare and the Dream: Edward Bellamy and the Travails of Socialist Thought." Journal of American Studies 36, no. 3 (December 2002): 417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875802006898.
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In the light of recent events, the once widely accepted Marxist distinction between “scientific” and “utopian” socialism is fading rapidly. For it has become increasingly difficult to believe that any form of socialism is inherent in the workings of history, as the Marxists had claimed for their “scientific” variety. Today Marxism, in its own terms, turns out to be “utopian.” One can now more readily recognize the kinship of the many different socialisms as well as the significance of their link to the social ideals of the past. What had previously been a somewhat antiquarian literature on “precursors,” “forerunners,” and “schismatics” of socialism suddenly appears as especially pertinent and perhaps even central. Today, without difficulty, one turns away from the various contradistinctions developed in this scholarship and toward the interconnections implicit in it.1Surveying this literature, we can recognize three preeminent social ideals that went into the making of the various socialisms – the call for social justice, the aspiration toward a society of brotherly love, and the belief that one could rid society of poverty. It was the eighth-century prophets of the Hebrew Bible who advanced the audacious demand for justice in society. They urged an end to oppression, cruelty, abuse, and more generally that people be given what was rightfully theirs. This demand recurs in almost all the socialist programs. In the Marxist scheme, it takes the form of the theory of surplus value which describes capitalist profit as a surplus product stolen (“entwandt”) from the worker who creates it.
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Fuchs, Christian. "The Utopian Internet, Computing, Communication, and Concrete Utopias: Reading William Morris, Peter Kropotkin, Ursula K. Le Guin, and P.M. in the Light of Digital Socialism." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 146–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v18i1.1143.
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This paper asks: What can we learn from literary communist utopias for the creation and organisation of communicative and digital socialist society and a utopian Internet? To provide an answer to this question, the article discusses aspects of technology and communication in utopian-communist writings and reads these literary works in the light of questions concerning digital technologies and 21st-century communication. The selected authors have written some of the most influential literary communist utopias. The utopias presented by these authors are the focus of the reading presented in this paper: William Morris’s (1890/1993) News from Nowhere, Peter Kropotkin’s (1892/1995) The Conquest of Bread, Ursula K. Le Guin’s (1974/2002) The Dispossessed, and P.M.’s (1983/2011; 2009; 2012) bolo’bolo and Kartoffeln und Computer (Potatoes and Computers). These works are the focus of the reading presented in this paper and are read in respect to three themes: general communism, technology and production, communication and culture. The paper recommends features of concrete utopian-communist stories that can inspire contemporary political imagination and socialist consciousness. The themes explored include the role of post-scarcity, decentralised computerised planning, wealth and luxury for all, beauty, creativity, education, democracy, the public sphere, everyday life, transportation, dirt, robots, automation, and communist means of communication (such as the “ansible”) in digital communism. The paper develops a communist allocation algorithm needed in a communist economy for the allocation of goods based on the decentralised satisfaction of needs. Such needs-satisfaction does not require any market. It is argued that socialism/communism is not just a post-scarcity society but also a post-market and post-exchange society.
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Montgommery-Anderson, Brad. "The Tyranny of Bread: Utopian Visions in Dostoevsky's "The Grand Inquisitor" and Zola's Germinal." Rocky Mountain Review 77, no. 2 (September 2023): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rmr.2023.a921587.
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Abstract: This study examines the treatment of socialism in Zola's Germinal and Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov . Their views towards socialism represent a striking contrast: Dostoevsky condemned the utopian vision of a perfected and scientifically organized humanity, while Zola increasingly supported socialist ideals through both his novels and his activism. One point of contact, however, occurs in the symbolic use of bread. The role of bread in Germinal echoes its meaning in the story of the Grand Inquisitor, the most famous episode within The Brothers Karamazov . Zola portrays hunger and appetite from a deterministic perspective and ties this force to utopian political visions. Both authors portray a "tyranny of bread" where human needs are met at the cost of individual liberty.
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Rutland, Peter. "Capitalism and Socialism: How Can they be Compared?" Social Philosophy and Policy 6, no. 1 (1988): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002740.
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How is one to set about the task of comparing capitalism and socialism in a systematic fashion? The contest between capitalism and socialism has many facets. It is both an intellectual debate about the relative merits of models of hypothetical social systems and a real and substantive historical struggle between two groups of states seen as representing capitalism and socialism. Perhaps the intellectual challenge to capitalism thrown down by Marxist thinkers and the “cold war” contest between the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. are such diverse phenomena that it is pointless and even misleading to try to treat them as part of a single problem. However, I believe that the dieoretical and historical aspects of the capitalism/socialism issue are directly related. I would argue that a full understanding of, say, the cold war is not possible without understanding the socialist critique of capitalism – and that a purely abstract comparison of capitalist and socialist models would fail to do justice to the historical and empirical essence of these two grand conceptual schemas.In Section I, I expand upon these arguments, seeking to convince Utopian socialists that they should not continue to rely upon invocations of a hypothetical future, but must come up with some empirical examples of what socialism is and how it works. After all, it is more than a hundred years since Marx and Engels railed against Utopian socialists in favor of socialist arguments based on empirical reality. This is not to say that Marx and Engels were crude empiricists, accepting “facts” at face value.
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Duvall, J. Michael. "The Curious Tales of The Scarlet Empire." Utopian Studies 35, no. 1 (March 2024): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.35.1.0083.
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ABSTRACT The Scarlet Empire (1906) by David Maclean Parry, a former president of the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), offers an anti-utopian romance set in an authoritarian socialist Atlantis. Supplementing the efforts of NAM to limit the power of unions and diminish the appeal of socialism through political and editorial suasion, the novel promised a new and powerful way of proselytizing middle-class readers by competing with prominent literary utopians and socialists, especially Edward Bellamy and Upton Sinclair. The novel’s protagonist is converted to individualism and capitalism and comes to see socialism as emasculating. Empire bundles capitalism and masculinity together through a redemptive adventure romance narrative that serves capitalist ideological purposes and has the protagonist combining tremendous wealth, a powerful faith in individualism, and a recovered masculine subjectivity to become a captain of industry and paragon of a hegemonic masculinity at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Jossa, Bruno. "Is Socialism A Utopian Dream?" European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 8 (March 30, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n8p121.
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The idea that the establishment of a centrally planned system or the creation of a worker-controlled system amount to a socialist revolution is closely associated with the main contradictions that Marx highlighted in capitalism: the capital-labour conflict or the mismatch between planned production and anarchical distribution. Analysing these alternative forms of revolution, the author raises a number of questions: which of them fits human nature better? which of them is more closely associated with Darwinian evolutionism? is it correct to assume that democratic firm management tends to improve human nature?
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Jossa, Bruno. "Socialism Today, Utopian and Scientific." OALib 02, no. 05 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101513.
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KURER, OSKAR. "J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism*." Economic Record 68, no. 3 (September 1992): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1992.tb01768.x.
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BRIGHOUSE, HARRY. "Transitional and Utopian Market Socialism." Politics & Society 22, no. 4 (December 1994): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329294022004010.
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Strikwerda, Carl. "The Divided Class: Catholics vs. Socialists in Belgium, 1880–1914." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 2 (April 1988): 333–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750001522x.
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The rise of working-class movements has recently been subjected to a great deal of historical scrutiny. Although this literature treats a variety of topics, much of it is devoted to different aspects of socialism: the radical, reformist, or utopian nature of socialism, the sociological roots of the movement among artisans and industrial workers, and the creation of an alternative, or socialist, subculture. One reason socialism has been investigated so intensively is that historians have assumed that socialism represented the authentic working-class ideology. Implicitly or explicitly, scholars have conveyed the idea that socialism alone promoted class consciousness, that socialism led workers to realize that they formed a distinct group and had to act together to defend their interests. Other movements among workers have been considered to be conservative and, as such, have been discounted as unrepresentative of workers' interests.
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Masquelier, Charles. "Intersectional Socialism: Rethinking the Socialist Future with Intersectionality Theory." Sociology 57, no. 2 (April 2023): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380385221131143.
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Intersectionality theory can achieve more than an examination of mechanisms of power and oppression. It can also, shed light on what things might become. Drawing on this particular application of intersectionality theory, I argue that it can be deployed to imagine a socialist future and, in so doing, restore socialism’s utopian energies. This is achieved by tackling a distinctively socialist issue – the future of work – and showing the kind of conceptual innovations intersectionality theory can help develop. The future of work thus imagined is conceptualised as a dialogically coordinated production of life.
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Ramos-Gorostiza, José Luis. "Socio-economic Utopianism in Spain at the End of the Nineteenth Century: La Nueva Utopía by Ricardo Mella." Utopian Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20719928.
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Abstract In 1890, Ricardo Mella—one of the foremost theorists of Spanish anarchism—published the short novel La Nueva Utopía [The New Utopia], which had been awarded a prize in Barcelona's Second Socialist Contest the previous year. It was a time of resurgence for the utopian novel in the western world with numerous proposals for different models of socialism. In particular, there were three works in quick succession which were well received and eventually became classics: Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888), Hertzka's Freiland (1889), and Morris's News from Nowhere (1890). This article analyzes Mella's novel as the major example of the utopian genre in Spain at the end of the nineteenth century and as an effective means of spreading his model of anarchist collectivism (as opposed to anarchist communism). In it, he shows the future libertarian society in glowing colors. In addition, the article compares the model of social organization developed in La Nueva Utopía with those proposed in the three famous contemporary works (by Bellamy, Hertzka, and Morris).
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Ramos-Gorostiza, José Luis. "Socio-economic Utopianism in Spain at the End of the Nineteenth Century: La Nueva Utopía by Ricardo Mella." Utopian Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.20.1.0005.
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Abstract In 1890, Ricardo Mella—one of the foremost theorists of Spanish anarchism—published the short novel La Nueva Utopía [The New Utopia], which had been awarded a prize in Barcelona's Second Socialist Contest the previous year. It was a time of resurgence for the utopian novel in the western world with numerous proposals for different models of socialism. In particular, there were three works in quick succession which were well received and eventually became classics: Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888), Hertzka's Freiland (1889), and Morris's News from Nowhere (1890). This article analyzes Mella's novel as the major example of the utopian genre in Spain at the end of the nineteenth century and as an effective means of spreading his model of anarchist collectivism (as opposed to anarchist communism). In it, he shows the future libertarian society in glowing colors. In addition, the article compares the model of social organization developed in La Nueva Utopía with those proposed in the three famous contemporary works (by Bellamy, Hertzka, and Morris).
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Hoffrogge, Ralf. ""Die wirkliche Bewegung, welche den jetztigen Zustand aufhebt"." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, no. 155 (June 1, 2009): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i155.434.
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This article gives a short overview on the German labour movement from its beginnings to the 1920ies and shortly portraits the different concepts of socialism within the German social democratic party, Against the common misperception of a hegemonial, coherent and powerful concept of socialist politics in the past the article argues that even in their heyday the German labour movement did not have a clear concept of socialist politics, that the term socialism itself was an object of permanent discussions, Both the Marxist critique of utopian socialism and the overwhelming domination of the Prussian state often constrained these discussions about the political form of a postcapitalist society, The most interesting concept of socialism was not created by theoretical discussions among leftist intellectuals, but by political actions against the first world war, which ended with the German Revolution of 1918 and the rise of a powerful council movement This movement not only insisted on the principles of class war but practically overturned many authoritarian and state-dominated ideas of socialism which were common at that time,
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Neuburger, Mary. "Dining in Utopia: A Taste of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast under Socialism." Gastronomica 17, no. 4 (2017): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2017.17.4.48.
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This article explores the ways in which the Bulgarian socialist regime integrated a newly elaborated culture of food and drink into its promises for the “good life” and a utopian future. With a focus on Black Sea coast tourism, it argues that the development of more refined food and drink offerings and public dining venues played a dual role of shaping and serving a modern socialist citizenry. With tourism as a major engine of the Bulgarian economy, catering to Bulgarian, Bloc, and Western tourists meant that creating a gastronomic utopia by the sea was part and parcel of “building” and showcasing socialism. This was intimately tied to bolstering state legitimacy through the provision of leisure and abundance, but also to a newly minted Bulgarian national cuisine. By the late 1970s and 1980s, however, the Black Sea tourist phenomenon both exhibited and exacerbated the problem of growing shortages and hence the deep crisis of the system, which collapsed in 1989.
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He, Chaozhen. "From Utopian Socialism to Modern Welfare States: The Evolutionary Trajectory of Social Welfare Thought." International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/m8tjtd04.
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This study charts the progression of social welfare ideology from 19th-century utopian socialism to contemporary welfare state configurations. It initiates with a critical appraisal of utopian socialist tenets-advocated by Owen, Fourier, and Saint-Simon-underscoring communalism, social cohesion, and equitable resource allocation. The analysis then traverses the path towards practical reforms, such as Bismarck's insurance schemes and British liberal interventions, which set the stage for state involvement in welfare. A central inflection point, the Beveridge Report, is scrutinized for its blueprint of a comprehensive post-war welfare system in Britain, marking the advent of the modern welfare state era. Following this, adaptations in Europe, notably Scandinavian models, encounters with neoliberalism and globalization, and the rise of sustainability concerns and universal basic income discussions are elaborated. Employing historical, theoretical, and comparative methodologies, the research emphasizes the endurance of utopian principles amidst welfare model evolution, engaging with debates on dependency, state efficacy, and governance. The conclusion contemplates the future trajectory of social welfare amidst societal shifts, advocating for adaptable, inclusive, and environmentally conscious systems that harmonize utopian aspirations with practical realities.
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Lovell, David W. "Socialism, Utopianism and the ‘Utopian socialists’." History of European Ideas 14, no. 2 (March 1992): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(92)90247-a.
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Newman, L. "Thoreau's Natural Community and Utopian Socialism." American Literature 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 515–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-75-3-515.
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Рыжов, И. В., М. А. Рыжова, and Ю. И. Рыжова. "Utopian socialism: characteristics, representatives, main ideas." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(147) (February 21, 2023): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.147.10.050.
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В статье представлен анализ развития утопического социализма как одного из наиболее ярких направлений экономической науки, представлены основные идеи самых ярких представителей данного направления, которые внесли наиболее весомый вклад в его развитие. The article presents an analysis of the development of utopian socialism as one of the brightest areas of economic science, presents the main ideas of the brightest representatives of this direction, who made the most significant contribution to its development.
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KULIGOWSKI, PIOTR. "Sword of Christ. Christian inspirations of Polish socialism before the January Uprising." Journal of Education Culture and Society 3, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20121.115.126.
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The article presents the history of the Christian fraction of Polish sociali sm against the background of the era, from the very beginning until its end after the January Upris ing. On the basis of the texts from the era the understanding of socialism, the principles of the program of Clusters of the Polish People and the anatomy of Fr. Piotr Ściegienny’s conspiracy have been reconstructed. The text reproduces the utopian ideas of social reconstruction by Zenon Świętosławski and Ludwik Królikowski and based on these the text also shows the place of Christian socialism in the Polish socialist thought.
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Kaminsky, Lauren. "Utopian Visions of Family Life in the Stalin-Era Soviet Union." Central European History 44, no. 1 (March 2011): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910001184.
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Soviet socialism shared with its utopian socialist predecessors a critique of the conventional family and its household economy. Marx and Engels asserted that women's emancipation would follow the abolition of private property, allowing the family to be a union of individuals within which relations between the sexes would be “a purely private affair.” Building on this legacy, Lenin imagined a future when unpaid housework and child care would be replaced by communal dining rooms, nurseries, kindergartens, and other industries. The issue was so central to the revolutionary program that the Bolsheviks published decrees establishing civil marriage and divorce soon after the October Revolution, in December 1917. These first steps were intended to replace Russia's family laws with a new legal framework that would encourage more egalitarian sexual and social relations. A complete Code on Marriage, the Family, and Guardianship was ratified by the Central Executive Committee a year later, in October 1918. The code established a radical new doctrine based on individual rights and gender equality, but it also preserved marriage registration, alimony, child support, and other transitional provisions thought to be unnecessary after the triumph of socialism. Soviet debates about the relative merits of unfettered sexuality and the protection of women and children thus resonated with long-standing tensions in the history of socialism.
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Guarneri, Carl J. "An American Utopia and Its Global Audiences: Transnational Perspectives on Looking Backward." Utopian Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 147–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20719898.
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Abstract This essay departs from conventional American Studies treatments to resituate Bellamy's utopia of 1888 within transnational debates over industrialism, socialism, and the state in European nations and their settler societies (including the United States) between 1890 and 1940. Building upon critical studies and information about the reception of Bellamy's utopia abroad, it offers three approaches: a genre-based analysis of the utopian hybrid that suggests textual bases for multiple readings; a transnational history of evolutionary socialism that helps explain Bellamy's global relevance in the 1890s and again in the 1930s; and a comparative approach that contrasts the reception of Looking Backward in different national contexts. In the face of traditionally exceptionalist scholarship and the narrower, nationalistic frame of Bellamy's sequel, Equality (1897), to understand Bellamy's global appeal we must recover the international context of Looking Backward and the internationalist views expressed in its pages.
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Guarneri, Carl J. "An American Utopia and Its Global Audiences: Transnational Perspectives on Looking Backward." Utopian Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 147–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.19.2.0147.
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Abstract This essay departs from conventional American Studies treatments to resituate Bellamy's utopia of 1888 within transnational debates over industrialism, socialism, and the state in European nations and their settler societies (including the United States) between 1890 and 1940. Building upon critical studies and information about the reception of Bellamy's utopia abroad, it offers three approaches: a genre-based analysis of the utopian hybrid that suggests textual bases for multiple readings; a transnational history of evolutionary socialism that helps explain Bellamy's global relevance in the 1890s and again in the 1930s; and a comparative approach that contrasts the reception of Looking Backward in different national contexts. In the face of traditionally exceptionalist scholarship and the narrower, nationalistic frame of Bellamy's sequel, Equality (1897), to understand Bellamy's global appeal we must recover the international context of Looking Backward and the internationalist views expressed in its pages.
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Jacobs, Lesley A. "Market Socialism and Non-Utopian Marxist Theory." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 29, no. 4 (December 1999): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839319902900404.
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Rogers, Chris. "Robert Owen, utopian socialism and social transformation." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 54, no. 4 (October 2018): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.21928.
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Yuri V., Pushchaev. "Dostoevsky and Socialism: Ambivalent Relations." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 4 (October 30, 2022): 238–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-4-238-258.
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The article examines the ambivalent relationship between Dostoevsky and socialism, that is, both with a minus sign and with a plus sign. It is noted that for all Dostoevsky’s resolute rejection of socialism and criticism of it, he was characterized by certain hidden moments in which he assessed socialists and socialism positively. This, in turn, predetermined the fact that Dostoevsky, for all his anti-nihilism, was recognized as a classic in Soviet times and was never a banned author, even under Stalin. The decisive circumstance is that utopian socialist elements were interspersed and incorporated into Dostoevsky's Christian ideal, in the way he understood Christianity and its role in society. It was clearly expressed in the fact, for example, that Dostoevsky was able to understand the Church and Christianity as "our Russian socialism." And it is precisely this incorporation of foreign material into the Christian ideal, it is precisely this understanding of Christianity that K.N. Leontiev subjected in his famous criticism of the so-called pink Christianity in Dostoevsky.
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Tharp, Martin. "Repressed Utopias vs. Utopian Repressions: Czech Countercultural Communal Living Arrangements in the ‘Normalization’ Era (1970–1989)." Praktyka Teoretyczna, no. 4(46) (January 12, 2023): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/prt.2022.4.7.
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The present contribution aims to examine this specific historic ‘Second World’ phenomenon — the communal living arrangements attempted by counterculturally minded, predominantly working-class youth in post-1968 Czechoslovakia, often (though not exclusively) in the former German Sudetenland — as an instance of the potentials and limitations associated with an attempt at a ‘mobile commons’ in 20th-century state socialism. Not only is the legacy of the Czech communes (baráky) an insufficiently researched historical topic, but even further, the placement of this phenomenon between its reflection of the American communal-utopian tradition in its 1960s forms, the emerging critique of industrial modernity, the growth of 20th-century ‘civil-society’ concepts, and the ‘Cold War’ mobilities across the Iron Curtain (intellectual-cultural autarky versus forced political emigration) forms a highly fruitful starting point for wider considerations. Examination of the Czech countercultural communal-living attempts within the social framework of the ‘normalization’ order of the 1970s and 1980s — state repression, socialist modernity, anti-public familialism — finds that their character as communities of refuge, rather than as deliberate planned experiments, places them at a particularly unique angle to the utopian vs. antiutopian debates, indeed even calling into question the very premises of this opposition.
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Юйфэн, Мэн. "«DATONGISM» AS THE SOURCE OF «SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS» (SOME TOPICAL ASPECTS OF KANG YOUWEI'S POLITICAL THEORY)." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2022-1-2-295-303.
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The article analyzes the social theory of the famous Chinese thinker Kang Youwei from the point of view of the ideological origins of the doctrine of "socialism with Chinese characteristics". The author shows that in the context of the discussion between Chinese and foreign scientists about the beginning of the Chinese socialist tradition, both the utopian status of Kang Youwei's ideas and their belonging to the theory of socialism remain controversial. According to the author, the beginning of the political theory of Chinese socialism should be considered "Datongism" as a set of ideas in which the ancient Confucian concept of "Great Unity" (Datong) is modernized in the spirit of other schools of Chinese philosophical and political thought and, at the same time, contemporary European ideas. The author argues that the image of the Datong era drawn by Kang Youwei reveals similarities with later European and Chinese (including Marxist) concepts of socialism (communism). At the same time, Kang's Datongism differs significantly from them, acting as an ideological matrix for a wider range of political views.
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Hood, Stephen. "Is Capitalist Utopia Noncompetitive? Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism?" Moral Philosophy and Politics 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2016-0008.
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Abstract Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism? provides a direct response to G.A. Cohen’s moral defence of the value of socialism, arguing that, even under the utopian conditions Cohen specifies, capitalism would be recognized as the most attractive form of social organization. Yet, in one respect, Brennan’s account of utopia seems oddly out of keeping with the capitalist system it is taken to represent: the freedom of the characters within it seems almost totally untouched by the pressure of competitive market forces. I argue that this absence cannot be explained simply by an appeal to the positive intentions of utopian individuals as, even with such motivations in place, competition would still be unavoidable. This means that, even if we agree with Brennan that people would want a utopia in which they had the greatest possible scope to pursue their own personal plans, they may still have good reason to reject his capitalist ideal in favour of a system that would secure for them fair terms on which to compete.
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Arshin, K. V. "Социализм: введение в понятие." Вестник Вятского государственного университета, no. 3(149) (January 12, 2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.7606.23.034.
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The turbulence of the modern world raises the question of the need to study what the world community will be like in 10–20 years. In the article "The middle class without work: exits are closing", published in the collection "Does capitalism have a future?", American sociologist Randall Collins draws two paths as a possible future – fascism and socialism, and both alternatives, as he believes, are possible as forms of organization of future society. Another American sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein argued in his work "After Liberalism" that only a socialist ideology transformed on the basis of the values of liberalism can contribute to a positive transformation of the world. However, no one can predict what the new socialist society will be like, although a number of researchers are trying to do so. It can be a society freed from labor in its modern sense (M. Mayatsky, N. Srnicek, A. Williams), a rental society (D. Davidov), the utopia of a productive society (R. Bregman), capitalism of the common good (K. Schwab). Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of the development of socialist ideology – from utopian projects of the XVII–XVIII centuries to projects of real socialism of the XX century. The author tries to achieve this goal using the methods of historicalphilosophical, philosophical-historical and linguistic-philosophical analysis. As a result of the conducted research, it is shown that: 1) the main ideas that are characteristic of modern socialism were already presented in the Ancient World, where the main value of socialism – justice – had already found supporters; 2) socialist ideas for many centuries have been considered as a pure fantasy (invention) of authors using the ideas of justice and equality in their utopian projects; 3) socialism as a reality became possible only with the appearance of a subject capable of transforming society on socialist principles – the proletariat; 4) currently, due to the disappearance of the proletariat as a class The question arises of a new subject of socialist construction. Турбулентность современного мира ставит вопрос о необходимости исследования того, каким мировое сообщество будет через 10–20 лет. В статье «Средний класс без работы: выходы закрываются», размещенной в сборнике «Есть ли будущее у капитализма?», американский социолог Рэндалл Коллинз в качестве возможного будущего рисует два пути – фашизм и социализм, причем обе альтернативы, как он полагает, возможны как формы организации будущего социума. Другой американский социолог Иммануил Валлерстайн в работе «После либерализма» утверждал, что только преобразованная на началах ценностей либерализма социалистическая идеология может способствовать позитивному преобразованию мира. Однако никто не может предсказать, каким будет новое социалистическое общество, хотя ряд исследователей и пытаются это сделать. Это может быть общество, избавленное от труда в его современном понимании (М. Маяцкий, Н. Срничек, А. Уильямс), рентное общество (Д. Давыдов), утопия продуктивного общества (Р. Брегман), капитализм всеобщего блага (К. Шваб). Соответственно, цель статьи – проанализировать основные направления развития социалистической идеологии – от утопических проектов XVII–XVIII вв. до проектов реального социализма XX в. Достигнуть поставленной цели автор пытается с помощью методов историко-философского, философско-исторического и лингвофилософского анализа. В результате проведенного исследования показано, что: 1) основные идеи, которые характерны для современного социализма, были представлены уже в Древнем мире, где основная ценность социализма – справедливость – уже находила себе сторонников; 2) социалистические идеи в течение многих веков рассматривались как чистая фантазия (выдумка) авторов, использующих в своих утопических проектах идеи справедливости и равенства; 3) социализм как реальность стал возможен только при появлении субъекта, способного преобразовать общество на социалистических началах – пролетариата; 4) в настоящее время в связи с исчезновением пролетариата как класса встает вопрос о новом субъекте социалистического строительства.
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Lih, Lars T. "The Mystery of the ABC." Slavic Review 56, no. 1 (1997): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500655.
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Bukharin in 1917-1920 was one of those who suggested an extremely radical line of instant socialism… a Utopian and optimistic set of ideas concerning a leap into socialism, which would seem to have little to do with the reality of hunger and cold.Alec Nove, An Economic History of the USSR, 1969
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Trotsuk, I. V., and M. V. Subbotina. "Happiness and heroism, personal and collective as main elements of the ‘bright future’ in the Soviet (non)utopia." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-835-848.
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The article is a review-reflection on the book by I. Kaspe In Alliance with Utopia. Semantic Frontiers of the Late Soviet Culture (Moscow: New Literary Review; 2018. 432 p.). Despite the fact that the title emphasizes the word ‘utopia’, the author prefers a broad interpretation of the ‘utopian’ concept - as a kind of conceptual context which serves as a framework that makes ‘ultimate’ meanings and values of the Soviet culture (socialism) as if ‘visible’. It may seem strange at first glance, but actually these meanings and values concentrate ‘around’ different interpretations of heroism and happiness. The article reconstructs the author’s narrative logic together with the formal structure of the book, which helps the author to prove to readers (with varying degrees of credibility) the heuristic potential of utopia as an analytical research metaphor. In particular, from the first to the final parts of the book (and the author honestly informs readers in the beginning that the book is a collection of the revised articles that were published previously, but later were adapted for the task of the historical-phenomenological analysis of the perception of utopia and combined into four thematic sections) the author develops her own concept of utopia focusing rather on different attitudes to the utopian thinking than on different interpretations of utopia in different historical periods.
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Kuźmicz, Karol. "PRAWO W UTOPII KOMUNISTYCZNEJ. ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI." Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.4.11.
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LAW IN THE COMMUNIST UTOPIA. AN OUTLINE OF TOPIC Summary The Communist Utopia is strictly connected with the philosophical concepts of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. It is based on historical and dialectical materialism, which were later developed by younger philosophers who created Communist ideology. The scientific character of Communism was stressed and they claimed that it is possible to reach Communism, which will be the highest achievement of social development of progressive mankind. According to XI thesis about Ludwig Feuerbach “the philosophers have interpreted the world in many ways, but the clue problem is to change the world”. In order to change the world law was supposed to be used, because the philosophers claimed that it is easier to create a new man and new world than to adapt the system to people. The transition to Communism, with its first phase called „real socialism”, was connected with the fight of classes, which was supposed to be sharper and sharper. In this fight the law had to be both sword and shield on the way to Communism. The law was used as a tool in this fight against „relics of capitalism” such as: counter-revolution, imperialism, non-socialist attitude towards ownership and labor, nationalistic prejudices, religion and many other relics of capitalism. The Communist ideology presumed that reaching the power would be achieved by the revolution. In political and legal practice the ideology was totalitarian. The Communist system has elaborated its own theory of state and law, according to which the law was regarded as a tool for rulers, who wanted to achieve their own goals (often Utopian). The revolutionary movement tried to preserve the changes by binding law. As a result of it the law was instrumentally treated by the regime, which itself was above the law. The Communism, which as a presumption was not Utopian, has occurred to be anti-Utopian (so called negative Utopia). According to Leszek Kołakowski, the Communism was a “total lie” from the beginning. The highest point of the Communist Utopia was a presumption that at the end of the revolution the state and law will not be necessary any more. The non-class society will reach Communist paradise on the earth.
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Coelho, Rui Pina. "Notes towards the rooting of Utopia in the Imagination of Politics through performance." Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada 25, no. 50 (September 2023): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2596-304x20232550rpc.
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Abstract One can easily argue that since Marx and Engels demise of nineteenth century Utopian socialism, characterizing Utopianism as an “idealism deeply and structurally averse to the Political”, utopia has migrated into fiction. With no surprise, Alain Badiou has famously declared the “passion for the real” as the twentieth century’s “major subjective trait”. The (early) twenty first century has also succumbed helplessly to the eruption of the real. But the times we live today seem to be claiming for something else. Over the past two decades utopian thinking seems to have resurfaced. The severity and monumentality of the issues that afflict the world today are inciting a central question for artists: in the face of an imminent catastrophe, what is the use of utopian imagination at the end of times? What is the purpose of artistic endeavours in a finite world. Utopian (or dystopian) fiction and has always dealt with the envisioning of a future anchored in possible or impossible scenarios, helping the world to correct its wrong doings, to improve, to transform, to threat with dreadful outcomes or to denounce present inequalities. However, if we consider that the world needs to start a new narrative, performing arts can help us to expand imagination, freeing political thinking from the constraints of the real world and wide open to “social dreaming”. In this paper, I aim to combine a speculative reflection grounded on utopian studies and in political theatre considering that performing arts are in a particularly good position to intervene in “social imaginary. This frame incites us to rethink the possibilities of political theatre today and its ontology, fighting for the rooting of (artistic) utopia in the imagination of politics, trusting that art and theatre will be able to help us to invent scenarios that today seem impossible or that we have not yet managed to conceive.
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Zaar, Miriam Hermi. "from utopian socialism and revolutionary to solidarity economy." Mercator 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2013): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2013.1202.0011.
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Wilson, Japhy, and Manuel Bayón. "Potemkin Revolution: Utopian Jungle Cities of 21stCentury Socialism." Antipode 50, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anti.12345.
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Poldervaart, Saskia. "Theories About Sex and Sexuality in Utopian Socialism." Journal of Homosexuality 29, no. 2-3 (November 27, 1995): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v29n02_02.
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Sklar, Martin J. "Thoughts on Capitalism and Socialism: Utopian and Realistic." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2, no. 4 (October 2003): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000499.
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The conference at which a shorter version of this discussion was originally presented had as its theme, “Eugene V. Debs and the Politics of Dissent in Modern America.” Let me begin with a few words about “the Politics of Dissent,” because it was part of the overall framework of our discussions, and because it has a significant bearing on the way we think about capitalism and socialism.
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Pavlov, Alexander V. "Utopia in the Recent Western Marxism: Anomaly, Hope, Science." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 9 (2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-9-25-36.
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The article investigates the problem of utopia in actual Marxism. It is well known that Marx and Engels opposed their “scientific socialism” to “utopian socialism”. The followers of Marx have long supported this orthodox teaching. However, since the middle of the 20th century, Western Marxists have begun to talk about utopia as the central element of their social philosophy. Sociologist Alvin Goldner called these “anomalies”. They stood out as a separate system of critical Marxism from the theoretical system of “scientific Marxism”. The first person to write about utopia was Ernst Bloch. Then Herbert Marcuse turned to the subject. Since the early 1990’s, when it would seem that Marxism was in crisis due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the failure of left-wing politics, it has been actively theorized about utopia. In addition to philosophers (Fredric Jameson, Slavoj Žižek) various types of sociologists (Erik Olin Wright, David Harvey) begin to write about utopia. The sociologist Göran Therborn called this trend in actual Marxism “American futurism”. The author of the paper writes that left-wing sociologists and philosophers abandon the traditional understanding of utopia (“blueprint”) and think it through in a new way. Sociologists try to talk about utopia in terms of science (“real utopias”), while philosophers theorize utopia as a hope, a horizon of the impossible, a desire for a better future. Despite the fact that these are two different understandings of utopia, the important thing is that for recent Marxists (even “scientific” ones), utopia is one of the most important categories of social theory.
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Spakowski, Nicola. "Dreaming a Future for China: Visions of Socialism among Chinese Intellectuals in the Early 1930s." Modern China 45, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418767609.
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The article examines Chinese leftist intellectuals’ visions of China’s future as they were published in a special issue of Dongfang zazhi (Eastern Miscellany) in 1933. It places their texts in the international tradition of socialism and in particular the tensions between Marxism and “utopian socialism.” Two variants of socialism can be identified in the Chinese texts: “Datong socialism,” the moral vision of a society of freedom and equality, and Soviet socialism, the vision of an industrialized society with features and institutions as in the Soviet Union. Supporters of both variants identified with the “masses,” but remained elitist in that they spoke on behalf of these masses and claimed an intellectual niche in the proletarian society of the future.
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Aidnik, Martin, and Michael Hviid Jacobsen. "The U-turn of utopia – Utopia, socialism and modernity in Zygmunt Bauman’s social thought." Irish Journal of Sociology 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603519825827.
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Zygmunt Bauman was undoubtedly one of the most prolific and renowned social theorists of the later part of the 20th and the early part of the 21st century. In his work spanning more than half a century, Bauman explored and tangled with some often overlooked topics within mainstream sociology such as freedom, the Holocaust, morality, art, immortality and utopia. In this article, the authors delineate the development of an unmistakable utopian mentality in Bauman’s writings from the early pieces concerned with socialism and culture through the acclaimed body of work dealing with modernity and postmodernity to the most recent writings investigating, for example, the rise of ‘Retrotopia’. Throughout Bauman’s work, one will discover that utopia is always present – either explicitly or implicitly – as a critique of the world ‘as it is’ and the world we uncritically take for granted. In this way, Bauman urges his readers to consider that there is always possibility for change and that we are the human motors who can make it happen.
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Lee, Young Ji. "A Utopia of Self-Reliance." positions: asia critique 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 756–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8606484.
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This essay examines Maoist China and its deep engagement with local/global capitalism during the Cold War period. It analyzes how the socialist realist utopian images of self-reliant Dazhai, a model village in Shanxi, contributed to the domestic and international image of Maoist China as a socialist country located outside the orbit of global capitalism by focusing on the fundamental predicaments that China, as a developing country, faced in realizing socialism within its territory. These quandaries included a shortage of foreign currencies, a commodity economy, the party-state’s economic policies that prioritized heavy industry, and dependency on trade relationships with capitalist countries. The author’s analysis provides an economic history of political art by juxtaposing socialist realist visual culture during the Learn from Dazhai in Agriculture campaign with the economic conditions of Maoist China enmeshed in the complex chains of commodity production/exchange, international divisions of labor, and worldwide processes of capital accumulation.