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Journal articles on the topic 'Uts (The Basque word)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Lantto, Hanna. "Emergence of a Bilingual Grammar: Word Order Differences in Monolingual Basque vs. Bilingual Basque-Spanish Predicative Constructions." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 3 (2021): 636–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-13030002.

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Abstract This article compares the monolingual Basque predicative constructions with bilingual Basque-Spanish predicative constructions. The speech data for the study were collected in the Greater Bilbao area of the Basque Country between 2005 and 2012. The results suggest that code-switching may trigger the convergence of predicative constructions and have a significant impact on the general word order patterns. The monolingual predicative constructions in the data mostly follow the canonical Basque sxv word order (~81%), but the bilingual predicative constructions diverge from this word orde

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2

Jansen, Win. "Word migration from Dutch to Basque." Euskera ikerketa aldizkaria 2, no. 61 (2017): 607–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59866/eia.v2i61.122.

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This paper addresses the migration of words of Dutch origin to Basque, either directly or via relay languages like French and Spanish. The identification of more than 80 Dutch loans in Basque demonstrates that direct or indirect social and commercial contacts between the Low Countries and the Basque Country have existed for more than a thousand years. Further study of this phenomenon is proposed to identify with greater precision the nature and temporal distribution of these contacts.

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Willson, Kendra. "Representation of Icelandic-Basque contacts in a Finnish novel." Scandinavian Studies in Language 15, no. 2 (2024): 323–63. https://doi.org/10.7146/sss.v15i2.152279.

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Finnish author Tapio Koivukari creates in his novel Ariasman (2011), based on a historical massacre of shipwrecked Basque whalers in Iceland in 1615, a literary representation of an extinct Icelandic Basque pidgin known from a few lists of words and phrases with roots in the seventeenth century. The brief dialogues in the book given in Basque or pidgin draw on the word lists, knowledge of the modern languages, and Koivukari’s imagination. The pidgin phrases used in the book concentrate on a few semantic fields: domestic animals, food, clothing, religion and relationships, largely corresponding

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Imaz Agirre, Ainara. "The processing of gender assignment in Spanish." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 29, no. 2 (2016): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.29.2.06ima.

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This paper reports on an experiment investigating the processing of accurate gender assignment in canonical and non-canonical inanimate nouns in Spanish by native speakers of Basque with nativelike proficiency in Spanish. 33 Basque/Spanish bilinguals and 32 native speakers of Spanish completed an online and an offline gender assignment task. Participants assigned gender to inanimate nouns with canonical (-o; -a) and non-canonical word endings (-e; consonants). The results revealed that the Basque/Spanish bilingual group obtained high accuracy scores in both tasks, similar to the Spanish native

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Bakker, Peter. "A Basque Nautical Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 1 (1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.1.02bak.

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The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there are also some words from other languages, of which English is the most prominent. It is suggested that the knowledge of an English Nautical Pidgin play

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6

Barreña, Andoni, and Margareta Almgren. "Object–verb and verb–object in Basque and Spanish monolinguals and bilinguals." International Journal of Bilingualism 17, no. 3 (2012): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006912438993.

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The aim of this article is to analyse the acquisition of object–verb/verb–object word order in Spanish and Basque by monolinguals (L1), early simultaneous bilinguals (2L1) and successive bilinguals, exposed to their second language before ages 5–6 (child L2). In this study, the second language (child L2) is acquired naturalistically, in a preschool setting with no formal instruction for the Basque L2 speakers and by environmental contact for the Spanish L2 speakers. Spanish and Basque are differentiated by their canonical word order as subject–verb–object and subject–object–verb, respectively.

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Zarabozo, Carlos. "The Gascon evolution of Latin ‑ll‑: A new theory." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 139, no. 2 (2023): 333–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0013.

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Abstract In Gascon, Latin ‑ll‑ has evolved to the word‑medial result ‑r‑ and the secondarily word‑final result ‑t in most of Gascony, along with word‑final palatal variants. These results are generally assumed to have originated from a lost retroflex stage, paralleling existing retroflex results for ‑ll‑ in South Italian dialects and in Western Asturias. The present study offers an alternative theory by positing a delateralization of a lateral to a voiced non‑spirant alveolar stop *d, with no change in the point of articulation. The *d is shown to be an areal phenomenon in that it is the sourc

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Manterola, Julen. "Aportaciones del vasco medieval a la reconstrucción del léxico protorromance." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 136, no. 3 (2020): 625–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2020-0034.

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AbstractThe present paper addresses three particular issues in the reconstruction of the Proto-Romance lexicon, offering an insight from the field of Basque historical-etymological studies. In the evolution from Proto-Romance */ˈdɪk-t-u/ to Idio-Romance dit/dicho ‘said’, the variant *deito is not attested; the Basque word deitu ‘call, be named’, however, bears witness to the ancient existence of that form. In support of this, I offer further documental evidence of that form in a medieval Aragonese text. This paper also sheds light on the irregular vocalism of Gascon puts ‘well’, which does not

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Blevins, Juliette, and Ander Egurtzegi. "Unexpected obstruent loss in initial obstruent–sonorant clusters: an apparent example from Basque." Phonology 34, no. 3 (2017): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675717000264.

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The apparent loss of initial obstruents in Basque borrowings from Romance (e.g.laru≪ Lat.claru) is striking. While Proto-Basque is generally reconstructed as lacking initial clusters, the expected repair in loans, based on typology, phonology and phonetics, is copy-vowel epenthesis, not obstruent loss. Indeed, there is evidence for a vowel-copy process in Basque in other loans with obstruent–sonorant clusters (e.g.gurutze≪ Lat.cruce). We suggest that initial obstruent loss before /l/ but not /r/ is related to Romance developments. In the Romance varieties in contact with Basque, /fl pl bl kl g

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Aduriz, Itziar, Jose M. Arriola, Xabier Artola, Zuhaitz Beloki, Nerea Ezeiza, and Koldo Gojenola. "Morfeus+: Word parsing in Basque beyond morphological segmentation." Word Structure 13, no. 3 (2020): 283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0172.

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This work describes the formalization of a word structure grammar that represents the complex morphological and morphosyntactic information embedded within the word forms of an agglutinative language (Basque), giving a comprehensive linguistic description of the main morphological phenomena, such as affixation, derivation, and composition, and also taking into account the modeling of both standard and non-standard words. We have identified the relevant issues to be addressed in the representation of such a grammar. We also present the development of Morfeus+, a tool for the analysis of unrestr

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Etxepare Igiñitz, Ricardo, and Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria. "Word order and syntactic asymmetries in Basque modal constructions." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 126 (December 21, 2018): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv126.5.

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This work focuses on a subset of modal constructions in Basque: those involving the necessity modal behar (‘need/must’/‘have to’). Behar can take either a DP or an uninflected clause as its complement. Uninflected clauses can, in some varieties of Basque, naturally occur preceding or following the predicate. Etxepare and Uribe-Etxebarria (2009) show that the differences in word order correlate with a number of intriguing syntactic asymmetries. In this paper, we extend the relevant observations to include modal stacking, as well as the effect of complement-internal left peripheral elements in t

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Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide. "The conceptual structure of Basque buru ‘head’i." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 91 (December 31, 2002): 463–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv91.4.

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The prototypical meaning of the Basque word buru is ‘head’. As is the case in many other languages, the word for head is polysemous not only because it refers to this body part but also because it can be used in several other contexts (buru as mind, reflexive pronoun, self…). Although dictionaries deal with these meanings separately, I propose that all these senses form an organised lexical network with three main nodes of extended meanings. These three nodes are structured and bound to the prototypical buru by means of three different metonymies: WHOLE FOR PART, ENTITY FOR LOCATION, AND PART

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Oroz, Francisco J. "<i>Quandoque bonus dormitat Corominas</i>: Sobre <i>arragua, laude, matar</i>." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 20 (August 8, 2023): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2007.63-82.

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Caro Baroja suggested that Basque arragua ‘melting pot’ goes back etymologically to arrugia ‘gallery in a mine’, a word mentioned by Pliny. This totally aberrant etymology is mentioned by Coromines in both the DCELC and the DCECEH. For laude ‘burial stone’, he follows Covarrubias in accepting laudem ‘praise’, but the more plausible etymology is lapidem ‘stone’. However, when it comes to the etymology of matar ‘to kill’, Coromines rejects Covarrubias’ proposal mactare on behalf of implausible phonetic change; however, mactare was a very popular word, and, despite Coromines’ rejection, has to be

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Kanarkowski, Radoslaw Stanislavovich. "ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE AVAR WORD ʕEMER «A LOT»". Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, № 28 (24 листопада 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali28/4.

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Duguine, Isabelle, and Barbara Köpke. "Processing strategies used by Basque-French bilingual and Basque monolingual children for the production of the subject-agent in Basque." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9, no. 4-5 (2019): 514–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.16047.dug.

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Abstract We sought to describe the strategies used by 2L1 and L2 Basque-French bilingual children and monolingual Basque children to express subject-agent function in a free elicitation context in Basque. Based on a three-year longitudinal study, the analysis focused on transitive constructions requiring a subject-agent noun marked for ergative case. The results showed that the children mastered production of the ergative case marker at different ages, and used different psycholinguistic strategies to refer to the subject-agent. The majority of the bilingual children favoured topological strat

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Holmer, Arthur, and BENGT SIGURD. "Implementing Basque Grammar on the Computer." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 87 (August 31, 2001): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv87.1.

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This study presents the first results from a trial of an electronic translation of Euskara. At present, the work limits itself to the syntax and to the specialised field of periphrastic conjugation and the ergative and the dative in word declensions. Although no major problems of a linguistic nature remain when it comes to including an extremely wide vocabulary and the completemorphology, it is only a simplified prototype which does not claim to be a commercial programme.

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Odriozola Pereira, Juan Carlos, and Xabier Altzibar Aretxabaleta. "Basque complex predicates and grammar change." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 116 (October 22, 2019): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv116.6.

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Grammar change gives rise to complex predicates, which are the product of a syntax that was free in a previous period and that doesn’t function freely any longer. This paper explores the evolution of two types of Basque complex predicates that are respectively perceived as verbal and nominal in today’s syntax, although they do not clearly exhibit overt verbal or nominal syntax. We will see that what is relevant in the description of the change is sometimes the basis of the difference between nominal and verbal predication. Both type of predicates will be shown to belong to a verbal or a nomina

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Drugaş, Şerban George Paul. "Living Water (Abur) – A Possible Lexical Connection between Romanian, Albanian and Basque." Hiperboreea 4, no. 2 (2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.4.2.0067.

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Abstract I will analyze in this paper the possibility for a common origin of a word that appears in Romanian as abur “vapor, steam”, in Albanian as avull (id.), and in Basque with two forms, as ibar “valley, watered meadow” and ibai “river”. Romanian abur and Albanian avull are words of the substratum vocabulary of these languages, with a common origin, the Romanian form being more primitive. If a connection between the Basque ibar / ibai and the PIE root of the previous Albanian and Romanian words could be established, then the three words would have had a common origin.

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PONOMARENKO, Volodymyr. "ON UKRAINIAN-BASQUE LEXICAL PARALLELS, OR BASQUE TRACES IN UKRAINIAN LEXIS." MOVOZNAVSTVO 329, no. 2 (2023): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-329-2023-2-003.

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The article is devoted to an ambiguous and problematic issue related to Ukrainian- Basque linguistic ties. By lexical parallels (they can also be called conditional isoglosses) the author of this study means hypothetical borrowings-internationalisms (Europeanisms), presumably of Basque origin. Examples of basquisms in the Ukrainian language (багнет, більярд, анчоус, i.e. ʽbayonet, billiard, anchovy’) have been given by K. Tyshchenko, well known Ukrainian scientist. Ukr. багнет (from the name of the city of Bayonne in France), traditionally explained as a borrowing of French origin from the Pol

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Wolf, Jackson. "Hypocoristic palatalization in Basque and historical applications." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 9 (December 30, 2023): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.17026.

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This paper examines the processes of expressive palatalization in the Basque diminutive. Basque has two forms of the diminutive, a list of inflectional suffixes and a method of palatalization with specific phonological requirements. A speaker will first palatalize any coronal sibilants in the word. If there are none, then a dental obstruent that has a palatal counterpart is the next candidate. If there are again, none, then the last candidate is a dental coronal, but only the consonant on the leftmost edge. However, if there is a sibilant and a dental consonant, only the sibilants are palatali

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Gonzalez-Eppherre, Jean-Philippe, and Beñat Oyharçabal. "Bayonne au bord du fleuve." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 52, no. 1/2 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.20205.

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In this paper a new proposal is made regarding the origin and the formation of the Gascon and Basque city name Baiona ‘Bayonne’, which replaced the old name of the city (Lapurdo) in the 12th century, and which has been used since then, to designate the episcopal dioceze, church and city. The authors, first, mention the most often given etymology, offered already in the17th century by Veillet, and still defended two centuries later by bascologists like Bonaparte (1875) and Gavel (1920). Following this proposal, the origin of the name, quite transparently, is the Basque NP ibai ona ‘the good riv

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Hualde, Jose Ignacio, and Jennifer Zhang. "Intervocalic lenition, contrastiveness and neutralization in Catalan." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 4 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.181.

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In this study we examine the effects of word boundaries on the lenition of intervocalic voiceless plosives in Catalan in order to test the role of phonological contrastiveness in phonetic processes. Here we test the hypothesis that word-final intervocalic voiceless plosives (VC#V) will show greater lenition than word-internal and word-initial intervocalic tokens (VCV, V#CV), since in word-final position the contrast between /ptk/ and /bdg/ is neutralized. Lenition should be manifested acoustically as greater intensity, shorter duration and greater voicing. We find weaker support for the hypoth

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Krajewska, Dorota. "Lenition of fricative sibilants in casual conversations in Basque." Journal of Experimental Phonetics 33 (July 12, 2024): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/efe-2024-33-91-120.

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This paper analyses lenition of lamino-alveolar and apico-alveolar fricative sibilants in Basque in casual conversations between speakers of the variety of Beasain (Central Basque dialect). To describe the phonetic realisation of sibilants, the following measures were used: the proportion of voiced frames, the centre of gravity and relative intensity. Results show that 13% of sibilants can be classified as ‘voiced’ (i.e. they show uninterrupted voicing during the middle 50% of the duration) and another 25% has at least one voiced frame in the middle interval. Several factors were identified as

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Guediche, Sara, Martijn Baart, and Arthur G. Samuel. "Semantic priming effects can be modulated by crosslinguistic interactions during second-language auditory word recognition." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 5 (2020): 1082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728920000164.

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AbstractThe current study investigates how second language auditory word recognition, in early and highly proficient Spanish–Basque (L1-L2) bilinguals, is influenced by crosslinguistic phonological-lexical interactions and semantic priming. Phonological overlap between a word and its translation equivalent (phonological cognate status), and semantic relatedness of a preceding prime were manipulated. Experiment 1 examined word recognition performance in noisy listening conditions that introduce a high degree of uncertainty, whereas Experiment 2 employed clear listening conditions, with low unce

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FLORIAN, RADU, SILVIU CUCERZAN, CHARLES SCHAFER, and DAVID YAROWSKY. "Combining Classifiers for word sense disambiguation." Natural Language Engineering 8, no. 4 (2002): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324902002978.

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Classifier combination is an effective and broadly useful method of improving system performance. This article investigates in depth a large number of both well-established and novel classifier combination approaches for the word sense disambiguation task, studied over a diverse classifier pool which includes feature-enhanced Naïve Bayes, Cosine, Decision List, Transformation-based Learning and MMVC classifiers. Each classifier has access to the same rich feature space, comprised of distance weighted bag-of-lemmas, local ngram context and specific syntactic relations, such as Verb-Object and N

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Eychenne, Julien. "On the deletion of word-final schwa in Southern French." Phonology 36, no. 3 (2019): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675719000198.

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Although a growing body of literature in formal phonology has espoused the view that phonological knowledge is gradient and probabilistic, this perspective remains somewhat controversial. This paper provides further empirical support for this strand of work: it offers an analysis of the gradient deletion of word-final schwa in Southern French, using a corpus containing 7787 data points obtained from 45 subjects spread over three dialectal areas (the Basque Country, Languedoc and Provence). In addition to confirming or nuancing previous findings about the role of several phonological and non-ph

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Abgarmi, Rasool, and Vida Shaghaghi. "Units of translation adopted in Persian term-formation." Tradterm 29 (July 13, 2017): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.v29i0p146-167.

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Two trends exist for Persian term-formation. In the first method known as calquing, words are rendered morpheme by morpheme. Thus, the unit of translation (UT) is a morpheme. In the second method known as conceptual equivalent-finding, the definitions of words are considered and the UT is a word. The present study was designed to identify which of the two UTs was more favored in Persian term-formation. To this end, 40 English prefixes were studied in 2354 English words together with their Persian equivalents approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) as the official term

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Egurtzegi, Ander. "Metathesis of aspiration as the source of anticipatory voicelessness in Basque." Journal of French Language Studies 29, no. 2 (2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269518000339.

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ABSTRACTIn Basque, there is evidence, especially in early loans from Latin, that a sequence #DV(R)T… where D is a voiced stop and T is a voiceless (aspirated) stop was optionally produced with devoicing of the first of these stops. An additional particularity of this sound pattern is that the devoiced word-initial stop typically surfaces with aspiration, while the previously aspirated stop loses it: #DV(R)T(h)… > #T(h)V(R)T… This typologically uncommon sound pattern has been described as assimilation of voicelessness in the literature, or spread of [-voiced]. I propose that this sound patte

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Penagarikano, Mikel, Amparo Varona, Germán Bordel, and Luis Javier Rodriguez-Fuentes. "Semisupervised Speech Data Extraction from Basque Parliament Sessions and Validation on Fully Bilingual Basque–Spanish ASR." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148492.

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In this paper, a semisupervised speech data extraction method is presented and applied to create a new dataset designed for the development of fully bilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Basque and Spanish. The dataset is drawn from an extensive collection of Basque Parliament plenary sessions containing frequent code switchings. Since session minutes are not exact, only the most reliable speech segments are kept for training. To that end, we use phonetic similarity scores between nominal and recognized phone sequences. The process starts with baseline acoustic models traine

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Salaberri Zaratiegi, Patxi, and Iker Salaberri Izko. "An introduction to Basque aspiration: the contribution of onomastics." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 122 (December 27, 2016): 365–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv122.3.

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In this article the authors first of all show the positions in which aspiration can appear within the word in Basque. Hereafter they explain which restrictions this sound is subject to and, after touching on the views of the few linguists for whom aspiration is not etymological and considering its non-random character as established, they make a list of the sources aspiration comes from. Subsequently they discuss its loss and consider to what extent the major Alavese toponymy, which is rich in hs, agrees or disagrees with the current data and with the various authors’ claims. A number of histo

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Winarsih, Nurul Anisa Sri, Muhammad Syaifur Rohman, Galuh Wilujeng Saraswati, and Filmada Ocky Saputra. "Pendampingan E-Rapot Tahfizta Versi 1 Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022." ABDIMASKU : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 6, no. 1 (2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/ja.v6i1.946.

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Yayasan Pondok Do'a Ahlul Qur'an atau lebih sering disebut dengan Pondok Doaqu bergerak di bidang sosial keagamaan, khuusnya agama Islam. Pondok Doaqu memiliki visi “Menjadi Mukmin Terbaik Versi Allah SWT dengan Belajar dan Mengajarkan Al Qur’an”. Dari visi tersebut, Pondok Doaqu mendirikan Tahfizta (Tahfiz untuk Balita dan Anak). Tahfizta sudah memiliki 3 cabang di Semarang yaitu Tahfizta Greenwood, Ulul Albab, dan Kalipancur.c Tahfizta memiliki 45 santri yang tersebar di 3 cabang. Santri tersebut dibimbing oleh 7 Guru/ Ustadzah pengajar. Dalam 1 tahun pembelajaran di Tahfizta, terdapat 4x pe

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Vela-Plo, Laura. "Smaller than small comparatives: the case of Basque." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2018): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.7.1.4398.

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Adjectival comparatives like txiki baino txikiago ‘smaller than small’ in Basque exhibit some striking properties that present a challenge for previous analyses of inequality comparatives. The research on this unstudied type of adjectival comparatives in Basque – henceforth small comparatives – is especially interesting due to the rich morphology and freedom of word order that Basque displays. These two properties are vital for the testing of the hypotheses on the structure of these comparatives. First, the examination of the underlying structure of the standard of comparison reveals that thes

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Arantzeta, Miren, Roelien Bastiaanse, Frank Burchert, Martijn Wieling, Maite Martinez-Zabaleta, and Itziar Laka. "Eye-tracking the effect of word order in sentence comprehension in aphasia: evidence from Basque, a free word order ergative language." Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 32, no. 10 (2017): 1320–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1344715.

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Hualde, José Ignacio. "On The Historical Origin of Basque Accentuation." Diachronica 10, no. 1 (1993): 13–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.10.1.03hua.

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SUMMARY From a diachronic point of view, the study of Basque accentuation presents the problem of accounting for the very different accentual systems that are found nowadays within the Basque-speaking territory. Whereas in a large central area there is no contrastive word accent, systems with phonologically distinctive accentuation are found both in eastern and western regions. The accentual systems of some western varieties are especially complex and are shown to rely on an opposition between accented or preaccenting and unaccented morphemes. In this paper, it is argued that all present-day a

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Santesteban, Mikel, Martin J. Pickering, and Holly P. Branigan. "The effects of word order on subject–verb and object–verb agreement: Evidence from Basque." Journal of Memory and Language 68, no. 2 (2013): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.09.003.

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Barroso, Nora, Karmele López de Ipiña, Carmen Hernández, Aitzol Ezeiza, and Manuel Graña. "Experiments for the selection of sub-word units in the Basque context for semantic tasks." International Journal of Speech Technology 15, no. 1 (2011): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-011-9109-1.

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Balboa-Bandeira, Yolanda, Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza, M. Acebo Garcia-Guerrero, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Natalia Ojeda, and Javier Pena. "69 Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Facilitates Phonemic Verbal Fluency and Convergent Thinking in Multilingual Healthy Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723006197.

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Objective:The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of the transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) technique when placed on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DPFC) and left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG), for the improvement of verbal fluency performance and creativity skills in a group of multilingual healthy adults.Participants and Methods:Fifty healthy adults, aged 18-47 years, participated in the study. All of them were native Spanish speakers of which three were bilingual (Spanish and English) and 47 were multilingual (Spanish, Basque and English). The study ha

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Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara. "Female candidate word. The limited gender impact on the electoral discourse in Twitter." Comunicación y medios 40 (December 31, 2019): 114–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5884077.

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This research develops a descriptive analysis of the topics promoted on Twitter by lehendakari candidates during the cybercampaign of the Basque Autonomous elections of September 2016. To this end, the study includes four categories of framing and three discursive strategies that have been analyzed in 411 messages from the front-runners of the five formations that obtained parliamentary representation. The candidates have had an unequal activity on Twitter, although in all cases the policy issues have been the most common frame. It has not been possible to establish a relationship between the

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OFLAZER, KEMAL. "Lenient morphological analysis." Natural Language Engineering 9, no. 1 (2003): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003085.

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This paper presents a scheme that allows one to relax the all-or-none nature of two-level constraints in two-level morphology in a controlled manner, so that word forms with violations of some of the two-level constraints can be analyzed and ranked. The problem has been motivated by a recent phenomenon in Turkish with imported words that violate a fundamental assumption of Turkish that pronunciation and orthography have almost a one-to-one correspondence, and by a problem in Basque words with differing amounts of competence errors. We present the formulation of our proposal, and provide detail

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Carreiras, Manuel, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, Marta Vergara, la Cruz-Pavía Irene de, and Itziar Laka. "Subject relative clauses are not universally easier to process: Evidence from Basque." Cognition 115, no. 1 (2010): 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.11.012.

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Studies from many languages consistently report that subject relative clauses (SR) are easier to process than object relatives (OR). However, Hsiao and Gibson (2003) report an OR preference for Chinese, a finding that has been contested. Here we report faster OR versus SR processing in Basque, an ergative, head-final language with pre-nominal relative clauses. A self-paced reading task was used in Experiments 1 and 2, while ERPs were recorded in Experiment 3. We used relative clauses that were ambiguous between an object or subject-gap interpretation and disambiguated later in the sentenc

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EGURTZEGI, ANDER, and BORJA ARIZTIMUÑO. "REMARKS ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE BASQUE WORD FOR 'SWALLOW' AND ITS POTENTIAL RELATION TO CELTIC." Ériu 63, no. 1 (2013): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eri.2013.0003.

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Egurtzegi, Ander, and Borja Ariztimuño. "Remarks on the Etymology of the Basque Word for ‘Swallow’ and Its Potential Relation to Celtic." ÉRIU 63, no. -1 (2013): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/eriu.2013.63.79.

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Antzaka, Alexia, Joana Acha, Manuel Carreiras, and Marie Lallier. "Does the visual attention span play a role in the morphological processing of orthographic stimuli?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (2018): 1704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818806470.

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We investigated whether the link between visual attention (VA) span and reading is modulated by the presence of morphemes. Second and fourth grade children, with Basque as their first language, named morphologically complex and simple words and pseudowords, and performed a task measuring VA span. The influence of VA span skills on reading was modulated by the presence of morphemes in naming speed measures. In addition, fourth grade children with a larger VA span showed larger lexicality effects (pseudoword-word reading times) only for morphologically simple stimuli. Results are interpreted as

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Etchegoyhen, Thierry, Haritz Arzelus, Harritxu Gete, et al. "Cascade or Direct Speech Translation? A Case Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031097.

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Speech translation has been traditionally tackled under a cascade approach, chaining speech recognition and machine translation components to translate from an audio source in a given language into text or speech in a target language. Leveraging on deep learning approaches to natural language processing, recent studies have explored the potential of direct end-to-end neural modelling to perform the speech translation task. Though several benefits may come from end-to-end modelling, such as a reduction in latency and error propagation, the comparative merits of each approach still deserve detai

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Sari, Rozi Novita, Ranti Nazmi, and Zulfa Zulfa. "PENGARUH GAME WORD WALL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH KELAS X MIPA SMA 2 LUBUK BASUNG." Puteri Hijau : Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 6, no. 2 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ph.v6i2.28828.

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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya nilai rata-rata dan tingkat ketuntasan peserta didik kelas X MIPA pada mata pelajaran sejarah. Berdasarkan hasil Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) untuk mata pelajaran sejarah tidak ada peserta didik yang mampu mencapai nilai kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM) yang telah ditetapkan yakni 75. Metode pada penelitian ini ialah Kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasy eksperiment atau eksperimen semu. Dalam quasy eksperiment dimiliki kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen yang dipilih dengan teknik teknik sampel berkelompok (cluster sampling). Teknik peng

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Erdocia, Kepa, Itziar Laka, Anna Mestres-Missé, and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells. "Syntactic complexity and ambiguity resolution in a free word order language: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidences from Basque." Brain and Language 109, no. 1 (2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2008.12.003.

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Etxabe, Igor. "Measuring Social Capital with Twitter within the Electronics and ICT Cluster of the Basque Country." City & Community 17, no. 2 (2018): 350–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12297.

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Social network sites like Twitter enable the creation of virtual environments where online communities are formed around specific topics. Lately, due to their increasing success, these platforms are turning out to be effective for electronic word–of–mouth communication since they can be used as another means to spread information and build a network of contacts. In this paper, Twitter is used as a proxy to measure social capital in the electronics and ICT cluster, one of the 22 clusters integrated in the Basque cluster policy. Tweets were extracted through REST and Streaming API and later on s

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Perea, Manuel, Miriam Urkia, Colin J. Davis, Ainhoa Agirre, Edurne Laseka, and Manuel Carreiras. "E-Hitz: A word frequency list and a program for deriving psycholinguistic statistics in an agglutinative language (Basque)." Behavior Research Methods 38, no. 4 (2006): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193893.

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Martin, Clara D., Romain Pastureau, Emilia Kerr, and Angela De Bruin. "Processing of Synonyms and Homographs in Bilingual and Monolingual Speakers." Journal of Cognition 7, no. 1 (2024): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/joc.329.

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Bilinguals have long-lasting experience with cross-language double-mappings (i.e., translation equivalents and interlingual homographs (or false friends)). Considering this, we examined whether bilinguals differ from monolinguals in within-language double-mapping (i.e., synonyms and homographs) processing. Across two experiments, we compared performances from Spanish monolinguals and Spanish-Basque bilinguals on a behavioral picture-word matching task. The words were all presented in Spanish, the native language of all participants. Participants responded to synonyms and homographs (both doubl

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Luo, Jiaming, Frederik Hartmann, Enrico Santus, Regina Barzilay, and Yuan Cao. "Deciphering Undersegmented Ancient Scripts Using Phonetic Prior." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (February 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00354.

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Most undeciphered lost languages exhibit two characteristics that pose significant decipherment challenges: (1) the scripts are not fully segmented into words; (2) the closest known language is not determined. We propose a decipherment model that handles both of these challenges by building on rich linguistic constraints reflecting consistent patterns in historical sound change. We capture the natural phonological geometry by learning character embeddings based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The resulting generative framework jointly models word segmentation and cognate alignmen

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