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Journal articles on the topic 'Uttarakhand (India) – Environmental conditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Germein, Susan, and Neema Vaishnava. "Thinking differently: An education for the Anthropocene from Uttarakhand, India." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 35, no. 3 (November 2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2019.26.

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AbstractTheoretical and philosophical underpinnings of education and activism in the Anthropocene will be enriched by an embrace of non-hegemonic thinking. Lakshmi Ashram, a small girls’ school in the Himalayan mountains of Uttarakhand, India, provides an object lesson in thinking differently: in an imbrication of education/research/activism. This article acknowledges a continuing lack of attention in the literature to local, cultural and place-based diversity in transformative learning for sustainable community. However, the central story in this article is not one of critique, but rather one of a Himalayan approach to creating the pedagogical conditions for transformation in thinking and behaviour, in a connected socio-ecological community. Writing across an intercultural space, the two authors describe their ethnographic methodologies, exploring the long-term impact of a Lakshmi Ashram education on students and inhabiting the pedagogical experience of the school. A seamless flow of socio-material practice between pedagogy, research and activism in the school’s educational approach speaks to a Gandhian philosophy-in-action that is worth considering as a contribution to global educational praxis in the Anthropocene. In telling this tale of one small school’s pedagogical philosophy, the authors aim not towards ideological posturing, but towards creating further openings in thinking differently in education.

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2

Juyal, Ruchi, S. D. Kandpal, and Jayanti Semwal. "Menstrual Hygiene and Reproductive Morbidity in Adolescent Girls in Dehradun, India." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (March 3, 2014): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.14257.

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Context: In India, adolescent girls face serious health problem due to socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions as well as gender discrimination. A vast majority of girls in India are suffering from either general or reproductive morbidities. Unhygienic practices during menstruation expose them for Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI). If not treated early, it could lead to various disabilities and consequently affect their valuable lives. This study was done with the aim of estimating the magnitude of gynaecological morbidities among unmarried adolescent girls as well as to find out the relation between menstrual hygiene and RTI. Settings and Design: Cross-Sectional Observational study conducted in two randomly selected Inter colleges (one rural and one urban) of district Dehradun, Uttarakhand state. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in school going unmarried adolescent girls to know their menstrual hygiene practices as well as reproductive morbidity. Data was collected by interview method using a pretested, prestructured questionnaire after taking consent. Statistical analysis used: percentages and Chi-square test. Results: Approximately 65 % of the girls reported having dysmenorrhoea and 19 % of the girls had given the history of excessive vaginal discharge with or without low backache/lower abdominal pain. Strong association was found between Reproductive Tract Infections and poor menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: Girls should be made aware of the process of menstruation and importance of maintaining its hygiene before attaining menarche. They should also be made aware about its linkages with their forthcoming reproductive health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.14257 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.170-174

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3

Rana, Anita Rawat, and Koshal Kumar. "Length weight relationship and Fulton’s condition factor of Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie in Khoh tributary of Ram Ganga from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 3 (December 21, 2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.14303.

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Macrobrachium assamense peninsularie length-weight relationship and Fulton’s condition factor was studied in Khoh tributary of Ram Ganga in the Garhwal Himalaya region of Uttarakhand for the period of one year from March 2009-Feb 2010. A strong positive relationship was observed between the length and weight in both the sexes (male and female) (b<3). Also when data was pooled, the growth was allometric (b<3). The values obtained from the length/weight relationship (LWR) showed that there was a high and significant correlation between the total length and weight after using the t-test for the significance of correlation.The highest correlation coefficient ‘r’ =0.94 i.e strong association between length and weight was observed. This means that as the length of the prawn increases the weight increases in the same proportion. Coefficient of determination r2 was also high (0.88) which indicated that the model used for the analysis fits the data, confirming the fitness of the model. The Fulton’s condition factor “K” was recorded highest (K = 2.0603) in March and lowest (K = 1.6195) in May in Male while in female, the condition factor (K = 2.1038) was highest in August and lowest (K = 1.5345) in October. The condition factor “K” ranges from 1.6195 to 2.0603 in male and 1.5345 to 2.1038 in female. It means the condition factor was sex and season dependent. The difference in condition factors in male and female may be attributed to the presence of ovigerous female, environmental conditions and changes in feeding intensity.

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4

Singh, Nandan, and Amit Mittal. "Response of Phenological Events of Aesculus indica Colebr. to Climate Change Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand." International Journal of Environment 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i1.22069.

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The present study investigated the timing and duration of phenological events of A. indica in different elevational range Kumaun Himalayan forest. A total of four sites at elevation ranging between 1,900m and 2,200m were selected and at each site 10 s were marked for observations. The phenological events, i.e. leaf bud formation, leaf bud busting, leafing, flowering bud formation, flowering bud busting, flowering, fruit/seed formation, seed fall and leaf fall were monitored. Phenological duration and asynchrony of these phenophases were determined at 10 day intervals and every 2-3 day intervals during the period of peak activities. The minimum length displayed leaf bud formation (44 days) and maximum by leaf fall (86 days) across the elevation. The environmental conditions, particularly temperature, affected the phenological patterns of A. indica. The leaf bud busting activity of A. indica was 51 days. Flowering activity started on May 1st and was extended over 76 days until July 15th. Seed fall activity was extended over 66 day across elevations. ANOVA showed the longevity of phenophases were varied significantly respective to elevations (p<0.05). Our observation showed that all the phenological events of A. indica appear early at lower (1900 m) and are delayed with increasing elevation. All corresponding phenological events were earlier at lower elevations because the optimum (9.0 to 19.5°C) is met earlier in these conditions.

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5

Singhal, Anjali, Gaurav Choudhary, and Indu Shekhar Thakur. "Optimization of growth media for enhanced production of laccase byCryptococcus albidusand its application for bioremediation of chemicals A paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 7 (July 2009): 1253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-050.

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Cryptococcus albidus , isolated from the sediments of Century Pulp and Paper Mill, Lalkuan, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, produced a copper containing oxidase, laccase, that was capable of degrading environmental pollutants. Bagasse was the most efficient inducer for laccase production. The Taguchi approach was used to optimize the growth media for five factors, i.e., pH, copper sulphate, carbon, nitrogen, and the inducer at four levels using an M-16 orthogonal array. The optimum conditions for laccase production were pH (6), CuSO4(2 mmol/L), meat peptone (0.5%), glucose (0.1%), and bagasse (1.0%). After optimization, laccase production increased seven times from 32 to 219 IU/mg. The inducer (bagasse) had maximum effect on laccase production leading to 52% increase, while pH had minimum effect with 7% increase. Growth media with laccase activity (2 U/mL) was applied for the bioremediation of dyes, effluent, and chemical compounds. These experiments showed that the growth media with laccase activity (2 U/mL) produced by Cryptococcus albidus had good potential for bioremediation of toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Further, the laccase enzyme extracted from the growth media was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and the molecular weight of the enzyme determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) was found to be 64 kDa. The activity of laccase was confirmed by native PAGE, in which ABTS was used for staining gel.

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6

Pham, Shirzadi, Shahabi, Omidvar, Singh, Sahana, Asl, Ahmad, Quoc, and Lee. "Landslide Susceptibility Assessment by Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 4386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164386.

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: Landslides have multidimensional effects on the socioeconomic as well as environmental conditions of the impacted areas. The aim of this study is the spatial prediction of landslide using hybrid machine learning models including bagging (BA), random subspace (RS) and rotation forest (RF) with alternating decision tree (ADTree) as base classifier in the northern part of the Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India. To construct the database, ten conditioning factors and a total of 103 landslide locations with a ratio of 70/30 were used. The significant factors were determined by chi-square attribute evaluation (CSEA) technique. The validity of the hybrid models was assessed by true positive rate (TP Rate), false positive rate (FP Rate), recall (sensitivity), precision, F-measure and area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve (AUC). Results concluded that land cover was the most important factor while curvature had no effect on landslide occurrence in the study area and it was removed from the modelling process. Additionally, results indicated that although all ensemble models enhanced the power prediction of the ADTree classifier (AUCtraining = 0.859; AUCvalidation = 0.813); however, the RS ensemble model (AUCtraining = 0.883; AUCvalidation = 0.842) outperformed and outclassed the RF (AUCtraining = 0.871; AUCvalidation = 0.840), and the BA (AUCtraining = 0.865; AUCvalidation = 0.836) ensemble model. The obtained results would be helpful for recognizing the landslide prone areas in future to better manage and decrease the damage and negative impacts on the environment.

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7

Majumdar, S., S. Shukla, and A. Maiti. "OPEN AGENT BASED RUNOFF AND EROSION SIMULATION (OARES): A GENERIC CROSS PLATFORM TOOL FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL WATERSHED MONITORING USING CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM REANALYSIS WEATHER DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4 (September 19, 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-125-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aim of this study is to explore the applicability of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) for the simulation of rainfall runoff and soil erosion used in a watershed monitoring activity. The study utilizes Landsat 8 imagery for Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map generation, ASTER DEM for obtaining elevation information and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 36 year weather data of Asan watershed, Uttarakhand, India. In the proposed model, four major agents (raindrops, soil, elevation and water amount) have been defined for estimating the soil erosion in the region. Moreover, the direct runoff has been simulated using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method. The analysis of the entire time series using this approach shows that there have been substantial changes in the rainfall runoff pattern primarily due to the varying environmental conditions of the study area since the late 1980s. Furthermore, a rough estimate of the soil erosion and deposition in the area have been computed which is aligned with the theory of sediment transport and deposition. In order to automate the entire model workflow, an open source cross platform tool has been developed using Python, R and NetLogo libraries. The Open Agent Based Runoff and Erosion Simulation (OARES) tool incorporates a generic interface for analysing large spatio-temporal datasets in watershed studies. The overall analysis concludes that the results obtained using ABM are comparable to that of the conventional hydrological models, and henceforth, ABM could be utilized as a future potential hydrological modelling paradigm.</p>

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8

Houze, R. A., L. A. McMurdie, K. L. Rasmussen, A. Kumar, and M. M. Chaplin. "Multiscale Aspects of the Storm Producing the June 2013 Flooding in Uttarakhand, India." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 11 (November 2017): 4447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0004.1.

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Conditions producing disastrous flooding in Uttarakhand, India, in June 2013 differed from conditions that produced other notorious floods in the Himalayan region in recent years. During the week preceding the Uttarakhand flood, deep convection moistened the mountainsides, making them vulnerable to flooding. However, the precipitation producing the flood was not associated with a deep convective event. Rather, an eastward-propagating upper-level trough in the westerlies extended abnormally far southward, with the jet reaching the Himalayas. The south end of the trough merged with a monsoon low moving westward across India. The merged system produced persistent moist low-level flow oriented normal to the Himalayas that advected large amounts of water vapor into the Uttarakhand region. The flow was moist neutral when it passed over the Himalayan barrier, and orographic lifting produced heavy continuous rain over the region for 2–3 days. The precipitation was largely stratiform in nature although embedded convection of moderate depth occurred along the foothills, where some mild instability was being released. The Uttarakhand flood had characteristics in common with major 2013 floods in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Alberta, Canada.

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9

Sati, S. P., Shubhra Sharma, Naresh Rana, Harsh Dobhal, and Navin Juyal. "Environmental Implications of Pancheshwar Dam in Uttarakhand (Central Himalaya), India." Current Science 116, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v116/i9/1483-1489.

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10

Pande, Ravindra K., and Neeta Pande. "Nainital: a landslide town of Uttarakhand (India)." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 17, no. 4 (August 29, 2008): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560810901728.

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11

Krishan, Gopal, Surjeet Singh, Anurag Khanna, R. P. Singh, and N. C. Ghosh. "Current Groundwater Conditions in Alluvial Gangetic Plains of Haridwar District, Uttarakhand, India." Current World Environment 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2016): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.07.

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In the present study, data of 41 hydrograph stations distributed in the Haridwar district are analysed for the years 2014-15 for depth to water level and water quality. The average depth to water level during pre-monsoon is found 10.74 m and in post-monsoon there is a rise of 0.23 m in average water level and found 10.51 m. Among all the 6 blocks viz. Bhagwanpur, Bhadarabad, Khanpur, Laksar, Narsan and Roorkee, the distribution of water level shows that the water levels are deep in the entire Bhagwanpur block. For assessing the groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 sites covering the entire district. The groundwater is formed as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. In the groundwater, alkaline earths exceed the alkalis and weak acids dominate strong acids. Although groundwater quality is good for drinking as well as irrigation purpose but in few samples higher concentrations of NO3-, Cl− and SO42− ions are found and hence continuous monitoring is required for these ions as precautionary measures.

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12

Sati, S. P., Shubhra Sharma, Y. P. Sundriyal, Deepa Rawat, and Manoj Riyal. "Geo-environmental consequences of obstructing the Bhagirathi River, Uttarakhand Himalaya, India." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1756464.

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13

Mawdsley, E. "Nonsecessionist Regionalism in India: The Uttarakhand Separate State Movement." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 12 (December 1997): 2217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a292217.

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Studies of regionalism in India have tended to concentrate on the secessionist struggles in Kashmir and Punjab, and on centre-State relations within the federal union. An issue which has received far less attention has been that of nonsecessionist regionalism—the various demands for the creation of new smaller States within India. The persistent tendency of the centre has been to view these movements as threatening and divisive and, therefore, with varying degrees of success, to resist and repress them. However, a number of commentators have suggested that smaller States are one way in which India's federal structure could become more equipoised, decentralised, and participatory. In this paper the author examines the recent mass movement for a separate State of Uttarakhand, an area which currently forms the Himalayan part of the State of Uttar Pradesh. Given the limitations of space, she concentrates on one aspect of the movement, namely how protestors have mobilised particular grammars and strategies of resistance in their struggle to persuade the central government (the final arbiter) that their demands for separation from Uttar Pradesh are justified and that the creation of Uttarakhand would benefit both the region and the country, economically, environmentally, and strategically.

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14

Purushothaman, P., and G. J. Chakrapani. "Trace metals biogeochemistry of Kumaun Himalayan Lakes, Uttarakhand, India." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184, no. 5 (June 29, 2011): 2947–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2163-y.

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15

Garg, Pankaj, and Gopal Krishan. "Radon Concentration Measurement in Groundwater of Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India." Current World Environment 12, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.12.2.23.

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Groundwater is the largest fresh water resource and radon is a radioactive naturally occurring noble gas that may be found anywhere in soil, air and water due to decay of uranium in rocks. It is important to investigate the radon in groundwater to safeguard against the health hazard caused due radon. The results presented here are from radon concentrations measured using RAD7 detector in 9 representative groundwater samples collected from hand pumps from southern parts of Roorkee in Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. Radon activity concentration was found in the range of 0.55+0.22 Bq L-1 to 3.39+0.28 Bq L-1 with an average value of 2.16+0.37 Bq L-1. Radon values were compared with United State Environmental Protection Agency value of 11 Bq L-1. The radon activity trend was found within the permissible limit.

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16

Capoor, Malini R., V. Ramesh, Geetika Khanna, Avninder Singh, and Pushpa Aggarwal. "Sporotrichosis in Delhi among the migrant population from Uttarakhand, India." Tropical Doctor 41, no. 1 (January 2011): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2010.100276.

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17

Yadav, Arvind Singh. "Role of Tourism in Environmental Degradation and Disaster: A Case from Uttarakhand, India." Quest-The Journal of UGC-ASC Nainital 8, no. 2 (2014): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-0035.2014.01083.3.

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18

Rana, Naresh, S. P. Sati, Y. P. Sundriyal, Madan Mohan Doval, and Navin Juyal. "Socio-economic and environmental implications of the hydroelectric projects in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India." Journal of Mountain Science 4, no. 4 (December 2007): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-007-0344-5.

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19

Pande, Ravindra K., Dhanjita Burman, and Ravinder Singh. "Landslide hazard zonation in Hanuman Chatti area of Uttarakhand, India." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 18, no. 4 (August 28, 2009): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560910984465.

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20

Shukla, Raghav P., Sri N. Sharma, Nutan Nanda, Ramesh C. Dhiman, and Aditya P. Dash. "Malaria Persistence in Kumaon Foothills of District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 24, no. 2 (June 2008): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/5567.1.

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21

Kulshrestha, Shail. "Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.17.

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In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.

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22

GHILDIYAL, S. K. "ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION IN SEED AND SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF PINUS ROXBURGHII SARG. FROM UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2009): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0702_121129.

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23

Rautela, Piyoosh, and Girish Chandra Joshi. "Earthquake safety elements in traditional Koti Banal architecture of Uttarakhand, India." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 18, no. 3 (June 19, 2009): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560910965655.

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24

Padalia, R. C., R. S. Verma, Amit Chauhan, and P. Goswami. "Quality evaluation of elite mint cultivars in two cropping seasons in subtropical conditions of Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Essential Oil Research 27, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.962190.

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25

Pandey, Bhavesh, Ravi S. Jakka, and Ashok Kumar. "Influence of local site conditions on strong ground motion characteristics at Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India." Natural Hazards 81, no. 2 (January 11, 2016): 1073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2120-0.

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26

Jangwan, Ashutosh. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT: LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT IN RUDRAPRAYAG DISTRICT, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13329.

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The development planning in India has been started from First five year plan in 1951. There was focused on the agriculture. Later on, Industries, education, poverty, unemployment and health etc. all the sectors have been touched. Today, there is going on 12th five year plan. But, it is an illusively higher truth that even with the introduction of a number and varied development programs in India, the country in general and backward areas in particular, have not tasted the fruits of development as yet due to serious reasons (Purohit, 1986). The mountains are not good at the flat land conditions which do not attract more to the agricultural and industrial developments. There are 70.64% of marginal land holder out of total holdings and 17.77% of small land holder out of total holdings (Mittal, 2008). So we need to utilize the agricultural field very carefully. Thus, rural out-migration is dominant in Uttarakhand due to the negative relationship between population and regional development (Bhandari, 2007).Therefore, the figure of socio-economic structure is carried out and the study area is characterized by different developmental zones in this paper.

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27

Shahi, N., S. K. Mallik, D. Sarma, M. Sahoo, and P. Das. "Corneal Hypertrophy in Farmed Chocolate Mahseer, Neolissochilus Hexagonolepis, from (uttarakhand), India." Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health 14, no. 1-2 (June 4, 2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15512/joeoh/2014/v14i1-2/50746.

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28

Joshi, S. K., B. Ballabh, P. S. Negi, and S. K. Dwivedi. "Diversity, Distribution, Use Pattern and Evaluation of Wild Edible Plants of Uttarakhand, India." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12579.

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<p>Wild edible plants are crucial not only for their role as a source of food and nutrition but are also integral part of culture and traditions of the Himalayan societies. Because of availability of diverse altitudinal, topographical and microclimatic conditions, the state of Uttarakhand supports a huge diversity of wild edible plants. Most of the species of wild edible plants in Uttarakhand are primarily consumed as a food by the local communities residing in remote hilly regions. However, several other species are consumed for their medicinal and health promoting benefits. The availability of enormous diversity of wild edible plants in the region has attracted attention of researchers. Consequently, research has been carried out on different aspects of wild edible plants. These include studies on distribution and use pattern, development of propagation protocols and bioprospecting and biochemical evaluation. As a result of this, some of the species are being utilized at commercial scale, and thus are considered capable of providing alternate options of livelihood for marginal communities residing in far flung areas of the state. However, there are several other promising species of wild fruits in the region, which need attention for conducting research on various aspects so that their optimum nutritional and economic potentials could be harnessed in sustainable manner.</p>

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29

Kumar, Dilip, and Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya. "Estimation of Integrated Flood Vulnerability Index for the Hilly Region of Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 24, no. 4 (October 2020): 04020051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000540.

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30

Arya, Ashish Kumar, Dinesh Bhatt, Amar Singh, Vikas Saini, Pushpendra Verma, Robin Rathi, and Parul Bhatnagar. "Diversity and status of migratory and resident wetland birds in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2085.

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Migration is the seasonal habitual movement, exhibited by many avian species along a flyway from breeding to wintering grounds and vice versa all over the world. Migratory birds are very sensitive to even small changes in water level which may be affected by flood or drought on their breeding and wintering grounds. High rains during monsoon season can cause flood conditions in the lower hills and Gangetic plains including Haridwar district. In our study, conducted during last ten years (2009-2018), we covered Bheemgoda Barrage and Missarpur Ganga Ghat of Haridwar, Uttarakhand, where 46 species of Migratory (M) and Resident Migratory (RM) wetland birds were observed. Bird survey indicated that there was a significant increase (p = 0.064, t-test) in the population of certain species such as Bhraminy Shelduck (67%), Black Headed Gull (31%), Gadwall (7%), Northern Pintail (59%), Red Crested Pochard (10%) and Tufted Pochard (47%) in Missarpur Ganga Ghat as compared to Bheemgoda Barrage (based on the average abundance of the species observed during study period). It may be pointed out that after flood and loss of vegetated island, there was significant decrease (p= 0.023, t-test) in the population of species such as Black necked stork (76%), Great crested grebe (56), Pallas gull (47%) at Bheemgoda barrage, while some species such as Bar headed goose, Common pochard did not arrive in Bheemgoda barrage after the flood. The study would help to understand the effect of climatic change on water birds species distribution in natural and man-made wetlands.

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Gaur, Sandeep, M. C. Joshi, H. S. Jos, and Sandeep Saxena. "Analytical Study of Water Safety Parameters in Ground Water Samples of Uttarakhand in India." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 4, no. 3 (2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-5506.4.3.105.

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Sharma, Ruchika, B. S. Bhandari, Sarita Kumari, and Arti Falswal. "Impact of Rishikesh-Karanprayag railway line on the agroecosystem of Maletha village of Garhwal Himalaya." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (June 4, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221202.

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Uttarakhand is a newly incepted state, geographically and culturally distinct from the plains and is the prime destination of tourists not only from India but also from different parts of the globe. Railways in Uttarakhand will certainly play a crucial role in the development of the state. Ministry of Railways of India has launched and initiated a project to connect the Char dhams of the state which will surely prove a landmark in the developmental feat of the state but development and modernization at the cost of disturbing the ecosystem in general and agricultural ecosystem in particular will create an imbalance in the livelihood of the people who by and large depend on agriculture economy. The present study was carried out in an agriculturally rich medium sized village of Uttarakhand. The survey reveal that climatic and geographical conditions of the village are suitable for the cultivation of large number of vegetables, fruits, cereals, millets, pulses and fodder plants supporting the livelihood of the natives. Land acquisition would have a negative impact on the socio-economic condition of the farmers as well as on the traditional crop diversity of the area as the railway project covers most of the fertile land. Thus, for reducing the havoc in the lives of the villagers government should provide land as an exchange as most of the population is agriculture dependent and at the same time degradation should be viewed with long-term vision

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Rajesh, Shipra, Suresh Jain, Prateek Sharma, and Rakesh Bhahuguna. "Assessment of inherent vulnerability of rural communities to environmental hazards in Kimsar region of Uttarakhand, India." Environmental Development 12 (October 2014): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.06.003.

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Kumar, Dilip, and Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya. "Study of Integrated Social Vulnerability Index SoVIint of Hilly Region of Uttarakhand, India." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0007.

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AbstractThe hilly regions of India have suffered many disasters, both natural and anthropogenic. In the hilly state like Uttarakhand, the hazards like flash flood, forest fires, and landslide affect the community at the large scale. These hazards cause severe physical injuries, loss of life, and at large scale property damage. To understand the impact of such natural hazards, we need to examine vulnerability of the society, so that we can define vulnerability as the status of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for or respond to a natural and a man-made hazard. The absence of coping strategies, which is also known as resilience, has altered the vulnerability of a community. Thus, vulnerability index of a community has to be calculated considering physical, social, economic and environmental factors associated with the community. This research paper tries to find out an integrated social vulnerability factor. The proposed integrated social vulnerability factor is determined by considering various factors, such as physical, social, economic, and environmental. All these factors increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Poverty, occupation, child population, literacy rate, disability, marginalization, and inequities in wealth distribution of a society or community will also change the social vulnerability. Proposed Integrated social vulnerability index for the hilly terrain of Uttarakhand incorporated local technical knowledge insight and skills, so that local people and local administration are able to identify problems and can offer a solution to resist future emergencies i.e. the proposed social vulnerability indicator will support state, local, and traditional disaster management officials to determine areas of the most sensitive populations and better mitigation operation can be performed in case of disaster.

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Kumar, Mukesh, Rajan Kumar Gupta, AB Bhatt, and SC Tiwari. "Epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity in the sub-Himalayan belt of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 8 (March 2, 2012): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5955.

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Cyanobacteria constitute the largest, most diverse and widely distributed group of prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. These are known to comprise a diverse flora of morphologically distinct forms. Some species are epiphytic occurring on a variety of plants. The present study was undertaken to study the distribution pattern of epiphytic cyanobacterial flora in the foot-hills of Garhwal Himalaya. An extensive survey was carried out in different seasons at four cyanobacteria-rich localities (Dakpatthar, Kotdwar, Rishikesh and Laldhang) of Uttarakhand state of India. A total of 39 epiphytic cyanobacterial taxa (12 heterocystous and 27 non-heterocystous) belonging to 2 orders, 7 families and 17 genera were recorded from this region. Highest number of species (25) was reported from Rishikesh, followed by Kotdwar with 14 species and Laldhang and Dakpatthar each with 12 species. Principal Component Analysis showed significant variation for epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity among studied sites, whereas cluster analysis categorized epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity under two categories, viz. Cluster I with 9 species and Cluster II with 30 species. Study concludes that variation in epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity might be compared to physicochemical properties of soil and climatic conditions along altitudes.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5955 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 77-89

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Bairagya, Haraprasad. "Environmental conditions of Borra Cave, Visakhapattanam, India." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10526.

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Caving is an art which can be best experienced in the mystic Borra of Eastern Ghats and ranked as the second largest cave of India just after Belum Caves situated in the same state Andhrapradesh, India. This Cave is fast becoming a hot tourist?s destination offering great adventurous opportunity to the tourists in the Eastern Ghats. The cave is located in the Ananthagiri hills of the Eastern Ghats region near Visakhapattanam and is made of limestone. The emotion of thrill heightens after entering the cave. The entrance has a narrow vertical opening and is well lit. Due to its location in the sub-equatorial region, dripping of water from the cave roofs occurs almost throughout the year. The formation of stalactites and stalagmites create wonderful phenomena specially found in this cave. The conspicuous pillars formed due to the joining of the roof and the floors are an awe-inspiring creativity of the creator of this world. Various viruses and bacteria are in the cave interior along with different other creatures. The Borra cave helps the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, India, to earn huge economic benefits for the sake of tourism industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10526 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 150-166

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Ahmad, Sohaib, Saurabh Srivastava, Sanjiv Kumar Verma, Prashant Puri, and Nadia Shirazi. "Scrub typhus in Uttarakhand, India: a common rickettsial disease in an uncommon geographical region." Tropical Doctor 40, no. 3 (June 16, 2010): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2010.090447.

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Rawat, Vardan Singh. "Medicinal plants and sustainable livelihood in Pauri district of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 06 (May 31, 2016): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.06.001.

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The present study was conducted in the Thalisain block of Pauri Garhwal to document the medicinal plants used by the local communities. 53 plant species distributed in 38 families were documented. Of the total plant species 49% were herbs, 26% trees, 23% shrubs and 2% climbers. 16 different plant parts were used by local communities for different ailments. Medicinal plants were widely used by major sections of the community against common colds, cough, skin diseases, snake bite, fever, joint pains, bronchitis etc. Women and local healers called vaids have a vital role in environmental management due to traditional knowledge and use of plants as medicine with undocumented knowledge. It has been observed as one of the best option of sustainable livelihoods for the residents of the area.

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Bhatta, Suraj Prashad, Divya Dudeja, and Ajay Kumar Biyani. "Stability evaluation of hazardous translational slide zones in part of Yamunotri Pilgrimage route, National Highway 507, Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 62 (September 14, 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v62i0.38698.

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Slope failure is a widespread phenomenon in Lesser Himalaya owing to its fragile tectonic settings, rugged topography, high relief, abruptly varying gentle to steep slopes and peculiar climatic conditions. Road development and urban expansion have further deteriorated the slope conditions. National Highway 507, a part of the pilgrimage route to Yamunotri in Uttarakhand, is one such route, experiencing hostility from frequent slope failure episodes that are causing havoc for villagers and pilgrims. In the present study, the four most hazardous translational slide zones in the 22 km stretch from Judo to Kandi village in the Yamunotri pilgrimage route has been identified, for detailed geotechnical investigation and slope stability assessment applying different approaches. The rock masses of this region are inherently weak owing to their closeness to Aglar fault and other joints and fractures. Rock mass classification systems are used to assess the stability and for estimating strength parameters, viz. cohesion and angle of internal friction, essential for the factor of safety determination. They are slightly varying due to the relatively homogeneous grain size distribution and mineralogical composition of rock masses. Kinematic Analysis differentiated the type of failure as planar or wedge and, accordingly, factor of safety is determined by limit equilibrium approach. The factor of safety, computed strength parameters, discontinuity and slope properties, varies from 5.9 to 1.1 in dry conditions while it reduces below unity as the saturation upsurges. It depicts stable conditions in dry conditions but water penetration and saturation along the cracks and discontinuities during rainfall make them unstable. Close vicinity with fault, steep slope, presence of joints and weathered lithology are dominating factors initiating the instability in route with further aggravation by rainfall, road widening and urban expansion.

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Patro, Epari Ritesh, Thomas J. Voltz, Arun Kumar, and Thomas Grischek. "Micro-hydropower in drinking water gravity pipelines: a case study in Uttarakhand, India." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 26, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2018.1492977.

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Prachi Kothari, Ashok K. Srivastava, and Neha Sharma. "Social & Behavioural Problems among School Going Adolescents of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.016.

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Background: Mental health disorder is a major cause of impairment in youth aged between 9 to 17 years as one in every fifth youth has a mental disorder. In India, the prevalence of mental problems among adolescents is 14.3%. Objective: To find out the proportion of social and behavioural problems among adolescents and their association with the sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 school going adolescents (11-17years). All the study participants were recruited through non-probability sampling technique. Data was collected through Google Forms. For assessing the social and behavioural problems, Strength and Difficulty questionnaire (SDQ) was used. Result: There were 76 (50.7%) males and 74 (49.3%) females in this study. 16% of school going children were categorized as “abnormal”, 12% as borderline and 72.% as normal for social and behavioural problems based on scores of SDQ. The findings have implications that gender do play a role in affecting mental health status.Conclusions: Mental health problems are one of the most common and highly prevalent disorders among adolescents in India. For addressing psycho-social problems among adolescents there is a dire need of counsellors. Training of parents as well as teachers should be conducted for timely intervention.

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Karabasanavar, Nagappa Shivaning, Suresh Prasad Singh, and Manish Kumar Singh. "Monitoring for chlorpyrifos residues in animal feed and fodder of Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 94, no. 2 (February 2012): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.645709.

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Pandey, Vandna, Ritesh Ranjan, Harish Pandey, Jyoti Rawal, and Madhu Bala. "Performance of different cole crops in different growing environmental conditions under mid hills of Uttarakhand." Progressive Horticulture 52, no. 2 (2020): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5258.2020.00027.5.

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Kumar, Vinod, and A. K. Chopra. "Monitoring of Physico-chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Municipal Wastewater at Treatment Plant, Haridwar City (Uttarakhand) India." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2012.109.118.

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Sharma, Vijay, and B. D. Joshi. "Assessment of noise pollution during Deepawali festival in a small township of Haridwar City of Uttarakhand, India." Environmentalist 30, no. 3 (April 17, 2010): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-010-9265-x.

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Krishna Murthy, Y. V. N., P. L. N. Raju, S. K. Srivastav, P. Kumar, D. Mitra, H. Karnatak, S. Saran, et al. "Capacity Building for collecting primary data through Crowdsourcing - An Example of Disaster affected Uttarakhand State (India)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1249-2014.

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Uttarakhand State of India suffered a widespread devastation in June 2013 due to floods caused by excessive rain in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) and landslides. Restoration process in this mountainous State calls for scientifically sound planning so that the vulnerabilities and risks to such natural hazards are minimised and developmental processes are sustainable in long run. Towards this, an understanding of the patterns and major controls of damage of the recent disaster is a key requirement which can be achieved only if the primary data on locations and types of damage along with other local site conditions are available. Considering widespread damage, tough nature of terrain and the need for collecting the primary data on damage in shortest possible time, crowdsourcing approach was considered to be the most viable solution. Accordingly, a multiinstitutional initiative called "Map the Neighbourhood in Uttarakhand" (MANU) was conceptualised with the main objective of collecting primary data on damage through participation of local people (mainly students) using state-of-art tools and technologies of data collection and a mechanism to integrate the same with Bhuvan geo-portal (<a href="http://www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in" target="_blank">www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in</a>) in near real-time. Geospatial analysis of crowd-sourced points with different themes has been carried out subsequently for providing inputs to restoration planning and for future developmental activities. The present paper highlights the capacity building aspect in enabling the data collection process using crowdsourcing technology.

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Gupta, Peeyush, and Swati Goyal. "Urban Expansion and Its Impact on Green Spaces of Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11731.

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Urbanization is on increase because of heavy population pressure, industrialization, and better job opportunities in plane areas compared to Himalayan terrain. The urbanization has also added hypertension because of very fast life and lack of recreational opportunities within easily accessible distances. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of indigenous forests and woodlands. The term does not include the removal of industrial forests such as plantations of gums or pines. Deforestation is clearing of forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land. Urbanization is one of the major causes of the deforestation. Urban green space planning is an important component of urban ecosystems; provide many environmental and social services that contribute quality of life in the cities.The green spaces are said to be the lungs of the urban ecosystem. The process of urbanization led to natural landscape change. In the process tree cover, green spaces and wetlands were recklessly converted into built-up areas in the past and the process is still going on. Due to availability of required infrastructure, Dehradun was named interim capital of the nascent Himalayan state of Uttarakhand in 2000. Other regions of Uttarakhand is also experiencing rapid urbanization. The hill districts adjoining Dehradun district have witnessed a four-fold increase in the number of towns between 1901 and 2001. The population of Dehradun registered increase of 41.08 % between1961-1971, 32.84 % between 1971-81, 25.39 % between 1981-91 and during 1991-2001 it increased by 52.45 %. The temporal imaging of remote sensing data and socio-economic data of 1982 will be used for overall spatial monitoring.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11731 International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-3, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2014Page: 57-73

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Kumar, Amit, and M. P. Sharma. "Carbon stock estimation in the catchment of Kotli Bhel 1A hydroelectric reservoir, Uttarakhand, India." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 134 (December 2016): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.029.

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Biswakarma, Prakash, Kush Kumar, Varun Joshi, and Deepesh Goyal. "Causes of the triggering of Chamoli glacier burst of 7th February 2021 in Uttarakhand, India." Disaster Advances 14, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/147da6021.

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The Himalaya, the youngest and the tallest folded mountain range of the world, is frequently affected by natural disasters.18 In the form of flash floods, cloudbursts or glacial lake outburst floods, the entire Himalayan region is highly vulnerable to natural hazards. In this context, the State of Uttarakhand of the Indian Himalayan Region has been the most vulnerable one among all the natural disaster-affected states in India.

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Prasad, Mukesh, V. Ranga, G. Anil Kumar, and R. C. Ramola. "Radiological impact assessment of soil and groundwater of Himalayan regions in Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 323, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 1269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06827-9.

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