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Journal articles on the topic 'Utterances'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jamhar, Ramadhan, and Ahmad Ahmad. "Analisis Tuturan Dalam Proses Peminangan Masyarakat Kedang Omesuri, Kabupaten Lembata (Sebuah Kajian Pragmatik)." Jurnal RASI 1, no. 2 (2021): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52496/rasi.v1i2.45.

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Kedang language is a distinctive languagein Lembata, East of Nusa Tenggara. The uniqueness of Kedang language revealed in the utteranceof proposes process. The utterance appeared in several phases, namely introduction (oluqlokaweq/padayungnute), propose (dahangrehing), and belisdetermining (uang bele). This study aims at describing the form of utterance and describing the meaning of utterancein the propose process in KedangOmesuri, Lembata Regency. The method used in this research wasdescriptive qualitative method. The data source was the elders or personagein Kedang Omesuri and the data were

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Leeds, Charles Austin, and Mary Lee A. Jensvold. "The communicative functions of five signing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 1 (2013): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.1.10lee.

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Speech act theory describes units of language as acts which function to change the behavior or beliefs of the partner. Therefore, with every utterance an individual seeks a communicative goal that is the underlying motive for the utterance’s production; this is the utterance’s function. Studies of deaf and hearing human children classify utterances into categories of communicative function. This study classified signing chimpanzees’ utterances into the categories used in human studies. The chimpanzees utilized all seven categories of communicative functions and used them in ways that resembled

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Widianto, Eko, Suparno Suparno, and Teguh Sarosa. "ANALYSIS ON PRAGMATIC FORCE OF DECLARATIVE UTTERANCES IN FILM ENTITLED “AVATAR”." English Education 4, no. 1 (2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v4i1.34710.

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<p>This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data sources are thevmanuscript and video of “Avatar” film. From the sources, the researcher takes 40 declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Jake Sully) to be analyzed. The research goals are 1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances, 2) to identify the hearer’s responses of declarative utterances, 3) to explain the pragmatic force of declarative utterances viewed from the illocutionary force. Before define the force, the researcher explains the context for a better understanding about the speaker’s intention.

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Raharjo, Suko. "An Analysis of Expressive Utterances Produced by The Characters in The Movie Entitled Spongebob Squarepants." English Education 6, no. 3 (2018): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v6i3.35899.

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<p>This article reports the result of research on expressive utterances produced by the characters in the movie entitled SpongeBob SquarePants. The objectives of the research are (1) to find out the characteristics of expressive utterances produced by the characters; and (2) to find out the variability of expressive utterances. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of data is the transcript of SpongeBob SquarePants movie. The research findings show that (1) there are four sentence types of expressive utterances that are employed in SpongeBob SquarePants movie tran

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Kaptiningrum, Pindha. "Analisis Tindak Tutur Lokusi, Ilokusi dan Perlokusi pada Whatsapp Group Sivitas Akademika IBN Tegal." LINGUA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 17, no. 1 (2020): 95–102. https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v17i1.688.

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Analyzing the speech act is interesting to investigate the utterance in the Islamic College, Institut Agama Islam Bakti Negara (IBN) Tegal. Generally, the research is about Islamic and education here. Then, this speech act analysis enriches the research in IBN Tegal. This study aims to analyze the utterance according to the types of speech acts performed by civitas academica of IBN Tegal and described the function of utterances. The object of this study is civitas academica of IBN Tegal. This study is qualitative descriptive research. The result of this research shown that the performed uttera

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Wiyanto, Muhammad Saibani, Suparti Suparti, and Siti Romlah. "PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCES ON EFL CLASSROOM IN SMP ISLAM CENDEKIA HARAPAN JOMBANG." JEELL (Journal of English Education, Linguistics and Literature) English Departement of STKIP PGRI Jombang 10, no. 1 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/jeell.v10i1.3170.

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This article aimed to examine performative utterances in the interactions between teacher and students in EFL classroom. It adopted a sociolinguistic and content analysis approach, focusing on the field of performative utterances as the subject of study. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The primary data source was an audio recording capturing the interactions between teacher and students at SMP Islam Cendekia Harapan Jombang. The researcher used J.L. Austin's theory in the Wardhaugh book (2010:286) for data analysis. Based on the theory there are five types of performati

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Purnomo, Kirana Aprilia. "Conversation Implications In The Disney Princess Book (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi): A Pragmatic Overview." Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 3, no. 2 (2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v3i2.62.

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This study aims to analyze the form of speech acts and the meaning of conversational implicatures in the book Disney Princess (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi) by Jacqueline A. Ball as a corpus of data. The data of this study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the research in the book show that there are three forms of speech and conversational implicatures, namely, locutionary forms, illocutions, and perlocutions. The classification of conversational implicatures with twelve locutionary speech forms, namely: seven declarative sentences, one imperative sentence, and fo

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Purnomo, Kirana Aprilia. "Conversation Implications In The Disney Princess Book (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi): A Pragmatic Overview." Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 2, no. 2 (2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v2i2.62.

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This study aims to analyze the form of speech acts and the meaning of conversational implicatures in the book Disney Princess (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi) by Jacqueline A. Ball as a corpus of data. The data of this study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the research in the book show that there are three forms of speech and conversational implicatures, namely, locutionary forms, illocutions, and perlocutions. The classification of conversational implicatures with twelve locutionary speech forms, namely: seven declarative sentences, one imperative sentence, and fo

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BALOG, HEATHER L., and FELICIA D. ROBERTS. "Perception of utterance relatedness during the first-word-period." Journal of Child Language 31, no. 4 (2004): 837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000904006579.

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Interactions between six toddlers (aged 1;0 to 1;6) and adults were examined to ascertain adult perceptions of toddler utterance relatedness and to determine temporal and interactional features that underlie those perceptions. Five raters made judgments regarding relatedness of the child utterances to the previous adult utterances; 251 utterances were examined. Utterances judged by adults as related occurred within 4·25 seconds of the preceding adult utterance nearly 90% of the time. This study also points to the need for using interactional categories that go beyond describing utterance relat

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Rahmadianto, Sadam, and Yayuk Widyastuti Herawati. "PRESUPPOSITION IN JOE BIDEN’S INAUGURATION SPEECH." 3rd Annual International Conferences on Language, Literature, and Media, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/aicollim.v2i1.1349.

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This study aims to find the types of presupposition used by Joe Biden in his inauguration speech. The meanings of the utterances are based on the context of the speech used theory of context proposed by Huang (2014). This study used a qualitative descriptive method because the researcher describes presupposition and meaning in speech. The data is taken from BBC News. The results of this study found 32 utterances that indicated presupposition. These utterances were classified into nine types of presupposition were used by Joe Biden in his inauguration speech. They are thirteen utterances of def

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Balčiūnienė, Ingrida, and Laura Simonavičienė. "Interrogative utterances in spoken Lithuanian: quantitative aspects of investigation." Lietuvių kalba, no. 3 (October 25, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2009.22873.

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The paper introduces the results of an investigation into spoken Lithuanian based on the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian and carried out in Vytautas Magnus University. In the course of investigation the interrogative utterances used in spontaneous language were classified according to function and structure. The quantitative analysis of the data accessed from the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian was based on a special computer program CHILDES. The results have shown that spoken Lithuanian gives preference to closed interrogative utterances rather than open interrogative utterances. Closed interrogative

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Liu, Wen, Ying-Ling Jao, and Si On Yoon. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MEALTIME LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS IN NURSING HOME STAFF AND RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1077.

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Abstract Interactive staff-resident communication is crucial for nursing home residents with dementia requiring mealtime assistance. Effective communication may facilitate food intake and promote function and nutrition. However, understanding of staff and resident language characteristics in mealtime interactions is limited. This study examined language characteristics and associated factors in mealtime interactions. This was a secondary analysis using data from videotaped mealtime observations (N=160) involving 36 staff and 27 residents with moderate-to-severe dementia (53 staff-resident dyad

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Syafa’at, Mohammad. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH IN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AS THE FORMER PRESIDENT: “CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS”." Teaching English as Foreign Language, Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/teflics.v1i1.1545.

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This research discusses the use of illocutionary acts in the utterance of Obama’s speech in Illinois University. The aims of this research are to find out types of Illocutionary Acts and messages of speech which deliver by Obama’s Speech. and to understand interpretation of the dialogue between speaker and hearer that use Illocutionary acts which are selected by the writer.The writer uses classified the data analysis method. The writer collects the data from the script, then describes types of illocutionary acts and explain the messages include in utterances. Based on the theories provided, th

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Hakim, Juhariyah Nur. "An Analysis on Pragmatic Force of Declarative Utterances Used by the Main Character in Mona Lisa Smile Movie and its Implication on Language Teaching." Journal of Pragmatics Research 1, no. 2 (2019): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v1i2.166-175.

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This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data are document (the authentic manuscript) and video of “Mona Lisa Smile” film. The goals of this research are (1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Katherine Wattson) in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile”, (2) to explain the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances. To find the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile” the researcher identifies the context of each datum in declarative utterance based on Austin’s classification of a

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Giang, Nguyen Thi. "UTTERANCE STRUCTURE OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN FROM THE AGE OF 3 TO 6 YEARS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN VIETNAM." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 05, no. 05 (2023): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume05issue05-16.

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By observing and taking notes on all the processes of teaching autistic children to learn to speak, this research statistics the number of speech structures of 15 Vietnamese autistic children (at three levels) from 3 to 6 years old to evaluate, analysis of component structures developed: one-component utterance, two-component utterances, three-component utterances and complex utterance. The autistic children were observed by using descriptive qualitative study to evaluate and analyze component structure development. This research indicated that there was a considerable difference in the number

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Rahardi, R. Kunjana. "MANIFESTASI WUJUD DAN MAKNA PRAGMATIK KEFATISAN BERBAHASA DALAM RANAH PENDIDIKAN." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (2016): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2016.15206.

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This research on phatic communion is aimed at describing the forms and the pragmatic meanings of phatic language in Indonesian society, especially in the educational domain. Based on its pragmatic meanings, the utterance in the educational domain can be categorized into five pragmatic meanings, namely (a) phatic function in utterances of acceptance, (b) phatic function in the form of utterances of rejection, (c) phatic function in the form of utterances of invitation, (d) phatic function in the form of utterances of thanking, and (e) phatic function in the form of utterance of greeting.

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Laksmi, Ni Putu Andini Desiyanti. "Speech Acts and Principles of Daily in Dental Post Advertisements on Youtube Period (2015-2018)." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 5, no. 1 (2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.5.1.758.7-11.

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Every utterance that is uttered has a certain purpose and meaning. Thus, an effort is needed to interpret the utterance which is called speech acts. The aims of this research is to explain (1) types of speech acts (2) categories of illocutionary acts, and (3) politeness principles contained in the utterance on toothpaste advertisements on youtube period (2015-2018). The data in this research were taken from toothpaste advertisements that have been shown on television channels. The data collected are in the form of image footage and utterances contained in the advertisement. The results of the

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18

Obana, Yasuko, and Michael Haugh. "Co-authorship of Joint utterances in Japanese." Dialogue & Discourse 6, no. 1 (2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2015.101.

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The paper introduces a type of joint utterance construction in Japanese, in which two independent sentential-level units are amalgamated, which has hitherto received little attention in the literature. Unlike traditional joint utterance construction where one speaker maintains authority over the syntactic structure of the forthcoming continuation and the other accedes to this, thereby constituting a single TCU (turn constructional unit), our examples demonstrate that both speakers can have authority over the syntactic design of joint utterances. We call such collaborative utterances ‘co-author

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Dunn, Jonathan. "How linguistic structure influences and helps to predict metaphoric meaning." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 1 (2013): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0002.

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AbstractThis paper argues that two properties of the linguistic structure of an utterance influence and partially determine whether the utterance has a metaphoric meaning that results in a stable interpretation: (i) degree of metaphoricity and (ii) degree of metaphoric saturation. A majority of metaphoric utterances in a corpus study (66%) were unsaturated, low metaphoricity utterances that behave as expected by Max Black and the cognitive linguistics paradigm. However, a significant minority (34%) of the metaphoric utterances were saturated or high metaphoricity utterances that behave partial

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Nisartika, Nisartika, Yessi Fitriani, and Puspa Indah Utami. "Indonesian Politeness Islamic Kindergarten Teacher Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya." Journal of Social Work and Science Education 4, no. 3 (2023): 802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v4i3.620.

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This study aims to describe language skills which are very important, one of which is the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten teachers, because in communicating, all teachers are required to use polite language. In building character one of them is language, both forms of obedience and violations that exist in the utterances spoken by the teacher at the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten. This study examines the pragmatic aspects of teacher language politeness in the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten, the research examines speech when teachers converse during non-

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SILVINA, SILVINA, and RITA HARTATI. "APOLOGY STRATEGY IN DISNEY AND PIXAR’S LUCA MOVIE: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." LINGUISTICA 12, no. 3 (2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v12i3.49504.

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This paper aims to analyse the various apology strategies used by the characters in the Luca movie script and describe their use through a pragmatic approach by referring to the theory of Klimczak and Pawlak (2014) and Fraser's theory (1981) to explain the factors that influenced the use of apology strategies by characters in Luca's film script. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with data obtained from the film script Luca. The results of this study indicate that there are 23 utterances featuring apologies made by 6 characters in Luca's story. The findings are grouped i

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LIEVEN, ELENA, HEIKE BEHRENS, JENNIFER SPEARES, and MICHAEL TOMASELLO. "Early syntactic creativity: a usage-based approach." Journal of Child Language 30, no. 2 (2003): 333–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000903005592.

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The aim of the current study was to determine the degree to which a sample of one child's creative utterances related to utterances that the child previously produced. The utterances to be accounted for were all of the intelligible, multi-word utterances produced by the child in a single hour of interaction with her mother early in her third year of life (at age 2;1.11). We used a high-density database consisting of 5 hours of recordings per week together with a maternal diary for the previous 6 weeks. Of the 295 multi-word utterances on tape, 37% were ‘novel’ in the sense that they had not be

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Chen, Aoju, and Lou Boves. "What's in a word: Sounding sarcastic in British English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 1 (2018): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000038.

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Using a simulated telephone conversation task, we elicited sarcastic production in different utterance types (i.e. declaratives, tag questions andwh-exclamatives from native speakers of the southern variety of British English. Unlike previous studies which focus on static prosodic measurements at the utterance level (e.g. mean pitch, pitch span, intensity), we examined both static prosodic measurements and continuous changes in contour shape in the semantically most important words (or key words) of the sarcastic utterances and their counterparts in the sincere utterances. To this end, we adop

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Ramadhan, Ryo Tauhid, and Winda Setiasari. "A Study of Sarcasm of TV Series Friends." TRANSFORM : Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 11, no. 4 (2023): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tj.v11i4.44037.

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The objectives of this study were to find out 1) The types of sarcasm in TV Series Friends, and 2) The purpose of sarcasm in TV Series Friends. The data were analyzed in descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research were from the utterance of Friends’ cast or character. The data were taken from all the words, phrases, clauses, sentences in Friends transcript which available on the internet. The result of this research showed that 1) there were four types of sarcasm are used by Friends’ character, namely: like-prefixed sarcasm with a total number 9 utterances (21.4%), lexical sarc

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Logan, Kenneth J., and Lisa R. LaSalle. "Grammatical Characteristics of Children's Conversational Utterances That Contain Disfluency Clusters." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 1 (1999): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4201.80.

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Selected characteristics of disfluent conversational utterances with and without disfluency clusters were examined in 14 children who stutter (CWS) and 14 children who do not stutter (CWNS). For CWS, utterances with disfluency clusters contained significantly more syllables and clausal constituents than disfluent utterances without clusters, which, in turn, contained significantly more syllables, clauses, and clausal constituents than fluent utterances. For both groups of children, disfluency clusters coincided significantly more often with utterance or clause onset than they did with grammati

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Azizah, Isna Nur. "Mabādi’ al-Tahżīb fī al-Naṣ al-Masrohy “al-Dūdah wa al Ṡu’bān” li ‘aly Ahmad ba Kaṡīr ‘alā Asāsi nadzariyyah Geoffrey Leech". Journal of Arabic Literature (JaLi) 3, № 2 (2022): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jali.v3i2.15102.

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Abstract: Politeness is an important principle in communication. Because in communicating it is necessary to consider the feelings of others by maximizing benefits for others and minimizing losses for others so that good communication will be created without embarrass the interlocutor. This study aims to: (1) determine the form of compliance with the principles of politeness in the drama script Ad-Duddah Wa Tsu'ban by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir based on the perspective of Geoffrey Leech; and (2) knowing the form of violation of politeness principles in the drama script Ad-Duddah Wa Tsu'ban by Ali Ahma

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Yuliarti, Indah, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Mursid Saleh. "The Fulfillment of Felicity Conditions in Speech Acts in Winfrey’s Speech Learn from Every Mistake." English Education Journal 11, no. 4 (2021): 606–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.48795.

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This study was about fulfilling felicity conditions in speech acts in Winfrey's speech Learn from Every Mistake. This research analyzed each utterance spoken by Winfrey’s speech entitled Learn from Every Mistake. Each utterance is categorized based on five types of speech acts. The felicity of the utterance was analyzed based on Searle's felicity condition theory. This study was a qualitative case study. The research object was Winfrey’s speech entitled Learn from Every Mistake published on YouTube on 18th May 2019. The findings showed that all the utterances in five types of speech act fulfil

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Fatma, Vinesya Yuslia, and Hanna Sundari. "Illocutionary Acts Performed by Anna in Frozen II." JEdu: Journal of English Education 1, no. 2 (2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jedu.v1i2.4136.

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The research aims to identify the illocutionary act performed by Anna the secondary character in Frozen II. The research design of this paper is a qualitative framework in content analysis method. The unit of analysis was 218 utterances as illocutionary acts from the movie script. The utterances then were analysed and categorized into types of illoctionary acts. According to the result of the research, there are four types of illocutionary acts in the script, there are; 60 representatives utterances, 54 directives utterances, 5 commisives utterances, and 100 expressive utterances. Meanwhile, d

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Aprillia, Dinda, and Sisila Fitriany Damanik. "Sarcastic Utterances in Majelis Lucu Indonesia Podcast: Pragmatics Analysis." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 21, no. 2 (2024): 104–16. https://doi.org/10.24114/lt.v21i2.64880.

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This study aims to identify four types of sarcasm in each utterance spoken by the speakers on the YouTube Channel "Majelis Lucu Indonesia" (MLI) on the podcast video "Naik Jin ke Amerika Cuma 2 Jam"- episode 44. The object of this research is the conversation between 2 persons taken from a podcast video on the YouTube Channel. The results of this study show that in the podcast there are several speakers' utterances that contain the four types of sarcasm, among the four types of sarcasm-proportional sarcasm, lexical sarcasm, like-prefixed sarcasm, and illocutionary sarcasm, from speakers in the

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Chikina, Elena Evgen'evna, and Anna Andreevna Chikina. "On the formal-semiotic aspect of utterance pragmatics in English and German languages." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2024): 101–13. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2024.12.72569.

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The subject of the study is the illocutionary force of an utterance in the formal-semiotic aspect. The paper describes three main variants of synchronisation of communicative and semantic interaction components for declarative, interrogative and imperative utterances. The material for the analysis was the basic intentional constructions of English and German. The main methods of research, conditioned by the purpose of revealing cognitive-syntactic models of basic intentional constructions, are the method of semiotic analysis, the method of component analysis, the method of conceptual analysis,

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Suryani, Siti, Yusak Hudiyono, and Jaka Farih Agustian. "Maksim Sopan Santun Pada Pembelajaran Online Sekolah Dasar 013 Gotong Royong Kota Samarinda." Adjektiva: Educational Languages and Literature Studies 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/adjektiva.v1i1.824.

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This study aims to describe the forms of maxims, obedience to maxims, and violation of the maxims of politeness in online learning at SD N 013 gotong royong, Samarinda city, which aims to describe pragmatic research studies. The research subject is online learning. The object of research is the observance of the maxim of politeness and the violation of the maxim of politeness in online learning that takes place at school. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive method. Techniques Data collection is done by observing methods. The data analysis technique is to clarify and classify the

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Fitria, Mila, Ike Revita, and Dhiant Asri. "Expressive Utterances as Found in Zach Sang Show on YouTube." Vivid Journal of Language and Literature 7, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.7.1.1-12.2018.

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This article analyses expressive utterances as found in Zach Sang Show on YouTube. This video is an interview of Zach Sang and the Gang to Selena Gomez as the guest of the show. The aim of this research is to analyse the types of expressive utterances and identify the functions of the expressive utterances found in the interview. Data were collected by using observational method and note-taking technique. Data were studied by using pragmatic identity method. Data were analyzed by using theory of types of expressive utterances proposed by Ronan (2015) and theory of function of expressive uttera

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Ompusunggu, Meysy Claudiana Cindi Agatta, and Gaguk Rudianto. "The Use of Flouting Maxim in “Rise of the Guardians” Movie." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (2023): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v10i1.2558.

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This descriptive qualitative research analyzed flouting maxims found in Rise of the Guardians movie. The researchers used utterances that contained flouting maxims as the data and the theory of Grice (1975) was used. Maxims refer to linguistic principles that must be understood in communication between speaker and listener in order for the communication process to proceed well. Flouting maxims refer to the phenomena that happen when communicator do not obey the cooperative principal communication. The phenomena of flouting maxims come up in daily utterance and the existence even appears in mov

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Smith, Mary R., Anne Cutler, Sally Butterfield, and Ian Nimmo-Smith. "The Perception of Rhythm and Word Boundaries in Noise-Masked Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 4 (1989): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3204.912.

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The present experiment tested the suggestion that human listeners may exploit durational information in speech to parse continuous utterances into words. Listeners were presented with six-syllable unpredictable utterances under noise-masking, and were required to judge between alternative word strings as to which best matched the rhythm of the masked utterances. For each utterance there were four alternative strings: (a) an exact rhythmic and word boundary match, (b) a rhythmic mismatch, and (c) two utterances with the same rhythm as the masked utterance, but different word boundary locations.

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Mariani, Putu Eka Giri, Made Budiarsa, and Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti. "Politeness Principles in “Donald Trump’s Election Victory Speech"." Humanis 23, no. 2 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2019.v23.i02.p03.

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This paper entitled “Politeness Principles in Donald Trump’s Election Victory Speech: A Pragmatic Study” discusses the maxims of politeness principles, illocutionary acts and the illocutionary functions found in the victory speech of Donald Trump on November 7th, 2016. The purpose of this study is to define how far the maxims of politeness principles, the illocutionary acts and the illocutionary functions affect Donald Trump’s speech. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive design. It was concerned with the explanation of utterance produced by Donald Trump in which politeness

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Putri, Hardika Hutriana, and Ermanto Ermanto. "Kesantunan Berbahasa Warganet dalam Podcast Deddy Corbuzier." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 5, no. 4 (2022): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i4.523.

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This study aimed to find the types of speech acts and politeness in the citizen's language found in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast. Data collection is done by the method is descriptive method. The data sources in this study are three video podcasts of Deddy Corbuzier. The data was taken from October to December 2021. The data collection technique used in this study was the free-to-talk and note-taking technique. Data analysis techniques in this study followed Miles and Huberman: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study are as follows. First, four types of

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Wini, Tarmini1, Safi'i2 Imam, and Lesmana3 Diki. "The Directive Speech Act of Public Officials in Handling of Covid-19." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 05, no. 2 (2022): 625–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6121350.

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This study aims to describe the directive speech act of public officials in handling COVID-19 by involving the context that occurs in the community. The study used a qualitative research design. Data collection uses documentation and recording methods. The data analysis technique uses the interactive analysis model of Miles Huberman. The results showed that from a total of 56 directive utterances, it was found that the use of "ask" directive utterances amounted to 2 utterances or 4%; directive speech "invite" 12 utterances or 21%, directive speech "force" 3 uttera

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Linderfalk, Ulf. "Cross-fertilisation in International Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 84, no. 3 (2015): 428–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08403004.

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This article picks up on a term (‘cross-fertilisation’) often exploited in debates on the interaction of international laws and legal practices, especially in the context of international criminal law. Two questions are addressed: (1) What is the meaning of ‘cross-fertilisation’? (2) What are its conditions? As the article argues, ‘cross-fertilisation’ pertains to the understanding of legal utterances relative to other such utterances. The concept assumes that if an agent wishes to understand the meaning or significance of a legal utterance, his understanding may profit by bringing the analysi

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Biezma, Maria, Bettina Braun, and Angela James. "Prosody is adding what?: Echo questions are not a thing." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 5, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5084.

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While echo questions (EcQs) are often said to be identified by their prosodic properties, there is no empirical study actually supporting such claim. Focusing on wh-utterances we provide results from a production study, a classifier, and a perception study to argue that prosody is not a reliable cue to identify an inquisitive utterance as EcQ. We also offer a model that unifies the semantics of utterances inquiring about what has just been said (EcQs) and utterances inquiring about ‘non-discursive’ facts, information seeking questions (InfQs), while keeping the interpretation of the utterance

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Vinolia Mega Putri, Albertus Purwaka, Alifiah Nurachmana, Patrisia Cuesdeyeni, Widiapuspita Widiapuspita, and Yumima Yumima. "Analisis Prinsip Kesantunan Tuturan dalam Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap Yang Disutradarai Oleh Bene Dion Rajagukguk." Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan dan Bahasa 1, no. 4 (2023): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.59024/bhinneka.v1i4.634.

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Humans use language as a means of communication. When communicating, speakers should use polite language because with polite language, speakers will maintain their dignity and respect their interlocutor. Apart from being an entertaining spectacle, films can also be used as a medium for learning and disseminating information today. This research aims to describe forms of compliance and violation of politeness principles in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap directed by Bene Dion Rajagukguk. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of explaining the forms of compliance and violat

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Sidelle, Alan. "The Answering Machine Paradox." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 21, no. 4 (1991): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1991.10717260.

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Whatever disagreements analysts of indexical expressions may have, there is nearly universal agreement that the referents of utterances of ‘I,’ ‘here,’ and ‘now’ are, respectively, the utterer, the place of utterance, and the time of utterance. This seems to lead to the result that utterances of ‘I am here now’ are always true (or, if you like, true at the time of utterance). While they do not express necessary truths — no one is essentially at any particular place at any particular time — it looks like they should necessarily express truths; in this, ‘I am here now’ seems to resemble ‘I exist

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Myers, Scott, and Jaye Padgett. "Domain generalisation in artificial language learning." Phonology 31, no. 3 (2014): 399–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675714000207.

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Many languages have restrictions on word-final segments, such as a requirement that any word-final obstruent be voiceless. There is a phonetic basis for such restrictions at the ends of utterances, but not the ends of words. Historical linguists have long noted this mismatch, and have attributed it to an analogical generalisation of such restrictions from utterance-final to word-final position. To test whether language learners actually generalise in this way, two artificial language learning experiments were conducted. Participants heard nonsense utterances in which there was a restriction on

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Liu, Longxiang, Zhuosheng Zhang, Hai Zhao, Xi Zhou, and Xiang Zhou. "Filling the Gap of Utterance-aware and Speaker-aware Representation for Multi-turn Dialogue." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 15 (2021): 13406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17582.

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A multi-turn dialogue is composed of multiple utterances from two or more different speaker roles. Thus utterance- and speaker-aware clues are supposed to be well captured in models. However, in the existing retrieval-based multi-turn dialogue modeling, the pre-trained language models (PrLMs) as encoder represent the dialogues coarsely by taking the pairwise dialogue history and candidate response as a whole, the hierarchical information on either utterance interrelation or speaker roles coupled in such representations is not well addressed. In this work, we propose a novel model to fill such

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Thomas, Abbey L. "Using prosody to produce trust and doubt." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027751.

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Work presented at a 2022 ASA meeting [Thomas, 2022] demonstrated that American English talkers use acoustic prosodic variables to distinguish attitudes of incredulity and trust from a “neutral tone of voice” when asking WH-questions. The present study largely replicates these findings in new data. These data comprise both WH-questions and Yes/No questions, read by a new set of talkers in six imagined scenarios. In the previous study, “doubt” was likely confounded with “authority” due to the imagined scenario used to elicit the stimuli. In the present study, the three attitudes (doubt, neutral,

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Fauziah, Fauziah, and Gaguk Rudianto. "Flouting Maxims Found in Encanto Movie." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (2023): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v10i1.2522.

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There are several conditions to create an effective communication, one of them is the utterance of the speaker must be understood by the listener. Utterance can be called as maxim. The speaker can disobey a maxim in purposed as long as the context provides enough indicators for the participant to notice it. This is called flouting maxim. This research discussed about the flouting maxims that found in “Encanto” Movie as data source. The related utterances by characters in the movie were the data of analysis in this research. This research used non-participatory observation as the method of coll

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Paul, Christine. "The epistemic side of retrospective utterances." Certainty and Uncertainty in Dialogue 4, no. 1 (2014): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.4.1.02pau.

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The paper further contributes to what Schegloff (2007) terms as “retro-sequences”. Different utterance formats such as utterances expansions by a second speaker, or questions regarding prior utterances, can be termed retrospective in a communicative sense. While previous research describes both utterance formats as syntactic and communicative opposites, this paper concentrates on their common ground, e.g. their common sequence organization. The paper demonstrates how interlocutors use the different utterance formats to display a degree of understanding with varying epistemic stance, and specif

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Fiona Puspitasari Mulyadi, Ratini Setyowati, and Rahmaditya Khadifa Abdul Rozzaqwijaya. "Impoliteness and Gender: An Analysis Of Animation Series Family Guy Season 20th." Sintaksis : Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 2, no. 5 (2024): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v2i5.1096.

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This study examines the use of impoliteness strategies and their relationship with gender in the animated series "Family Guy," with a specific focus on the 20th season. The objective is to determine whether the creators differentiate the use of impolite language between male and female characters and which gender employs these strategies more frequently. Using Jonathan Culpeper's 1996 frameworks, impoliteness strategies were categorized into five types: bald on record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm, and withhold politeness. A qualitative descriptive method was employed

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Stasiv, M. "Commissive Pragmatics of Elucidative Speech Acts in Modern English." Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, no. 2(88) (September 5, 2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.2(88).2018.34-38.

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Despite a number of studies that deal with the construction of the communicative-and-pragmatic system of the utterances-commissives of different types, today the English elucidative utterances of commissive type and their differentiation into the communicative-and-pragmatic subtypes remain poorly studies and require a thorough analysis at the communicative-and-pragmatic level of their actualization, which explains the relevance of this research. Moreover, the relevance of this issue has been caused by the necessity to clarify the specificity of formation of the commissive speech act in the str

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Padilla Cruz, Manuel. "On the phatic interpretation of utterances: a complementary relevance-theoretic proposal." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 18 (November 15, 2005): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2005.18.11.

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In this paper, I suggest a theoretical approach to the production and interpretation of phatic utterances aimed at complementing other previous accounts. These argue that utterances are normally interpreted as phatic either because of their occurrence in particular conversational phases forming fixed adjacency pairs with other utterances, or because interlocutors activate specific frames and process them in a particular way. Besides, the extant relevance theoretic (Sperber and Wilson, 1986, 1995) analysis of these utterances has focused on the linguistic properties that make utterances be inte

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Tarigan, Karana Jaya, Elita Modesta Sembiring, and Veracy Silalahi. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN ERNEST PRAKASA’S MOVIE “IMPERFECT”." Lingua 18, no. 2 (2022): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v18i2.2206.

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This study aims to analyze the types of Illocutionary acts used by the characters in the movie Imperfect. This research applies qualitative descriptive method. The writer uses 65 speech acts samples from this movie and chooses them randomly to analyze the types of Illocutionary acts in this movie. It is found that there are five types of Illocutionary acts used in the movie Imperfect, namely: Representative, Directive, Commissive, Expressive, and Declarative. The total Illocutionary acts are about 157 utterances. Representative has 47 utterances, directive has 66 utterances, commissive has 4 u

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