Relevant bibliographies by topics / UV-absorption detection

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'UV-absorption detection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "UV-absorption detection"

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Zhang, Peipei, and Shuyu Liu. "Solvent Effects on the UV Absorption Spectrum of Carmofur." Detection 04, no. 01 (2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/detection.2016.41004.

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Khan, Sulaiman, David Newport, and Stéphane Le Calvé. "Gas Detection Using Portable Deep-UV Absorption Spectrophotometry: A Review." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 5210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235210.

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Several gas molecules of environmental and domestic significance exhibit a strong deep-UV absorption. Therefore, a sensitive and a selective gas detector based on this unique molecular property (i.e., absorption at a specific wavelength) can be developed using deep-UV absorption spectrophotometry. UV absorption spectrometry provides a highly sensitive, reliable, self-referenced, and selective approach for gas sensing. This review article addresses the recent progress in the application of deep-UV absorption for gas sensing owing to its inherent features and tremendous potentials. Applications, advancements, and challenges related to UV emission sources, gas cells, and UV photodetectors are assessed and compared. We present the relevant theoretical aspects and challenges associated with the development of portable sensitive spectrophotometer. Finally, the applications of UV absorption spectrometry for ozone, NO2, SO2, and aromatic organic compounds during the last decades are discussed and compared. A portable UV absorption spectrophotometer can be developed by using LEDs, hollow core waveguides (HCW), and UV photodetectors (i.e., photodiodes). LED provides a portable UV emission source with low power input, low-intensity drifts, low cost, and ease of alignment. It is a quasi-chromatic UV source and covers the absorption band of molecules without optical filters for absorbance measurement of a target analyte. HCWs can be applied as a miniature gas cell for guiding UV radiation for measurement of low gas concentrations. Photodiodes, on the other hand, offer a portable UV photodetector with excellent spectral selectivity with visible rejection, minimal dark current, linearity, and resistance against UV-aging.
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Xue, Yongjun, and Edward S. Yeung. "Laser-Based Ultraviolet Absorption Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 4 (April 1994): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370294775268983.

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Laser-based UV absorption in capillary electrophoresis is demonstrated. The use of vacuum photodiodes and an all-electronic noise canceller provides adequate baseline stability despite the large inherent intensity noise in UV lasers. A 4-fold improvement in the detection limit is achieved in comparison to that of commercial instruments. The main advantage here is the better optical coupling with small capillary tubes, maximizing the available optical pathlength for absorption.
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Richter, P., K. S. de Boer, D. J. Bomans, A. Heithausen, and J. Koornneef. "Detection of H2 in UV Absorption in the LMC." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 190 (1999): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900117607.

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Gauri, Samla, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Mohd Firdaus Kamuri, Mohd Adzir Mahdi, and Nurul Amziah Md Yunus. "Detection ofAeromonas hydrophilaUsing Fiber Optic Microchannel Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8365189.

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This research focuses on the detection ofAeromonas hydrophilausing fiber optic microchannel biosensor. Microchannel was fabricated by photolithography method. The fiber optic was chosen as signal transmitting medium and light absorption characteristic of different microorganisms was investigated for possible detection. Experimental results showed thatAeromonas hydrophilacan be detected at the region of UV-Vis spectra between 352 nm and 354 nm which was comparable to measurement provided by UV spectrophotometer and also theoretical calculation by Beer-Lambert Absorption Law. The entire detection can be done in less than 10 minutes using a total volume of 3 μL only.This result promises good potential of this fiber optic microchannel sensor as a reliable, portable, and disposable sensor.
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Li, Yalong, Xiaoxing Zhang, Xin Li, Zhaolun Cui, and Hai Xiao. "Detection of Ozone and Nitric Oxide in Decomposition Products of Air-Insulated Switchgear Using Ultraviolet Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-DOAS)." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 8 (May 4, 2018): 1244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818773091.

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Air-insulated switchgear cabinets play a role in the protection and control of the modern power grid, and partial discharge (PD) switchgear is a long-term process in the non-normal operation of one of the situations; thus, condition monitoring of the switchgear is important. The air-insulated switchgear during PD enables the decomposition of air components, namely, O3 and NO. A set of experimental platforms was designed on the basis of the principle of ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) to detect O3 and NO concentrations in air-insulated switchgear. Differential absorption algorithm and wavelet transform were used to extract effective absorption spectra; a linear relationship between O3 and NO concentrations and absorption spectrum data were established. O3 detection linearity was up to 0.9992 and the detection limit was at 3.76 ppm. NO detection linearity was up to 0.9990 and the detection limit was at 0.64 ppm. Results indicate that detection platform is suitable for detecting trace O3 and NO gases produced by PD of the air-insulated switchgear.
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Rewick, Robert T., Mary L. Schumacher, and Daniel L. Haynes. "The UV Absorption Spectra of Chemical Agents and Simulants." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 2 (February 1986): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509493.

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The uv spectra of chemical agents GA, GB, GD, VX, HD, and L and common agent simulants have been measured in cyclohexane solution from 350 to 200 nm. The purity of the agents, measured by gas chromatographic analysis, was in general >96%. At 230 nm, the strength of the uv absorption followed the general trend L > VX > GA > HD > GD > GB > DMMP. Except for HD and L, agent spectra lacked characteristic features that will be useful for remote detection by uv sensors.
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Zhang, Yu, Hong Yu, and Miaoyu Wang. "Determination of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations by ion chromatography-indirect ultraviolet detection with imidazolium ionic liquids as both an ultraviolet absorption reagent and an eluting agent." Analytical Methods 7, no. 13 (2015): 5654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01211b.

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Hemida, Mohamed, Lewellwyn Joseph Coates, Shing Lam, Vipul Gupta, Mirek Macka, Hans-Jürgen Wirth, Andrew A. Gooley, Paul R. Haddad, and Brett Paull. "Miniature Multiwavelength Deep UV-LED-Based Absorption Detection System for Capillary LC." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 20 (September 28, 2020): 13688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03460.

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Enami, T., and N. Nagae. "UV absorption detection with a packed flow cell in microcolumn liquid chromatography." Analusis 26, no. 5 (June 1998): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:199826050031.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "UV-absorption detection"

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Quiret, Samuel. "Circum galactic medium emission : from modeling to detection by a dedicated UV space mission." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4735/document.

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L’évolution des galaxies est un sujet relativement débattu en astronomie extra-galactique, étant donné que la plupart des mécanismes responsables des propriétés observées dans les galaxies (masse, taux de formation d’étoiles, contenu en métaux, moment angulaire) sont encore peu contraints et certains ne sont probablement même pas encore observés. Ma thèse porte sur une analyse de la région entourant les galaxies, connue sous le nom de Milieu Circum Galactique (MCG). Le MCG est à l’interface entreles galaxies et le Milieu Inter Galactique (MIG) et est considéré comme le lieu de prédilection pour les échanges gazeux et énergétiques entre les galaxies et le MIG, ce qui en fait la clé pour une meilleure compréhension de l’évolution des galaxies et du destin des baryons. Je présenterai dans un premier temps l’analyse d’un échantillon de systèmes à forte absorption issuent de la spectroscopie de quasars en absorption qui tracent les régions denses en hydrogène généralement associées au MCG des galaxies.Dans un deuxième temps, je présenterai ma contribution au développement d’une mission ballon embarquant un spectrographe UV, FIREBall-2, spécialement conçu pour observer l’émission faible et diffuse du MCG des galaxies à décalage vers le rouge inférieur à 1. D’un point de vue technique, je présenterai l’étude du composant optique clé de l’instrument: le réseau. D’un point de vue modélisation, je décrirai une simulation complète des observations, qui servira à la préparation du vol prévu pour l’Automne 2017notamment en ce qui concerne la sélection des cibles, la stratégie observationelle et le traitement des données
The evolution of galaxies is a rather hot topic in extra galactic astronomy, as many of the main mechanisms underlying the observed properties of galaxies (mass, star formation rate, metal content, angular momentum) are still poorly constraints and many of them are probably undiscovered yet. My thesis focuses on an analysis of the region surrounding galaxies, known as the Circum Galactic Medium (CGM). The CGMinterfaces the galaxy with the Inter Galactic Medium (IGM) and is thought to be the most active location for gas and energy exchanges (in and out), which makes it a key ingredient towards a better understanding of galaxy evolution and the fate of all baryons. I will present in a first part, the analysis of a sample of strong absorption features based on quasar absorption spectroscopy, that probe the dense neutral hydrogen usually associated with galaxies’ CGM. In a second part, I will present my contribution to the development of a balloon-borne UV spectrograph, FIREBall-2, specifically designed to observe the faint and diffuse emissions from the CGM of galaxies at redshifts below 1. On the technical side, I will present the characterization of the key optical component ofthe instrument: the grating. On the modeling side, I will focus on an end-to-end pixel simulation of the observations to prepare for the upcoming flight, planned for Autumn 2017, in terms of target selection, observational strategy and data analysis
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Sharma, Sonika. "Hand-portable Capillary Liquid Chromatography Instrumentation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6164.

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This dissertation focuses on the development of hand-portable capillary liquid chromatography (LC) instrumentation. In this work, battery-operable nano-flow pumping systems (isocratic and gradient) were developed and integrated with portable UV-absorption detectors for capillary LC. The systems were reduced in size to acceptable weights and power usage for field operation. A major advantage of the pumps is that they do not employ a splitter, since they were specifically designed for capillary column use, thereby greatly reducing solvent consumption and waste generation. UV-absorption detectors were specifically designed and optimized for on-column detection to minimize extra-column band broadening. Initially, an isocratic nano-flow pumping system with a stop-flow injector was integrated with an on-column UV-absorption detector (254 nm). The pumping system gave excellent flow rate accuracy (<99.94%) and low percent injection carry-over (RSD 0.31%) suitable for quantitative analysis. Using sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, the detector gave an LOD (S/N = 3) of 0.13 µM, which was 12 times lower than a commercial UV-absorption detector. Reversed-phase separations of a homologous series of alkyl benzenes was demonstrated. Further miniaturization of UV-absorption detection was accomplished using a 260 nm deep UV LED. The detector was small in size and weighed only 85 g (without electronics). No optical reference was included due to the low drift in the signal. Two ball lenses, one of which was integrated with the LED, were used to increase light throughput through the capillary column. Stray light was minimized by the use of a band-pass filter and an adjustable slit. Signals down to the ppb level (nM) were easily detected with a short-term noise level of 4.4 µAU, confirming a low limit of detection and low noise. The detection limit for adenosine-5'-monophosphate was 230 times lower than any previously reported values. Isocratic separations of phenolic compounds were performed using a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monolithic capillary column. Finally, a novel nano-flow gradient generator integrated with a stop-flow injector was developed. Gradient performance was found to be excellent for gradient step accuracy (RSD < 1.2%, n = 4) and linear gradient reproducibility (RSD < 1.42%, n = 4). Separations of five phenols were demonstrated using the nano-flow gradient system. Efforts to develop a 405 nm laser diode-based UV-absorption detector for hemoglobin analysis were described.
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Gillund, Daniel P. "Light source selection and optical design of a UV absorption based detector for liquid chromatography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101819.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 48-49).
Traditional sources of UVC light for absorption spectroscopy are bulky, inefficient, and output tens to hundreds of watts of heat. In this paper we present the relative merits and disadvantages of using AIN based UVC emitting LEDs for absorption detection in liquid chromatography systems compared to traditional sources. We present the optical design for a detector based on a modular LED architecture and employing a digital micromirror device to modulate the light used in detection. The expected capabilities of a detector employing the design are derived and then compared to existing UV absorption detectors for liquid chromatography. The strategy presented in this paper holds significant advantages over existing detectors, including increased resolution and dynamic capabilities
by Daniel P. Gillund.
M. Eng. in Manufacturing
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Choy, Man Hon. "Investigation of the effects of the 1) UV absorbance of halide ions and 2) wall adsorption of marker ions for indirect detection in capillary electrophoresis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/286.

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Chung, Kou-Su, and 黃國書. "Analysis of Trganotin Compounds by Capillary Electrophoresis - Indirect UV Absorption Detection." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60630617379894034294.

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碩士
東海大學
應用化學系
85
Organotin compounds have been widely used in industry and agiculture, such as marine anti-fouling paints, pesticides and PVC stabilizers. Due to their high toxicity, considerable concern about the environmental pollution caused by organotin compounds has been raised. In this research, we investigate the feasibility of using capillary electrophoresis (CE)-indirect ultraviolet detection for the analysis of organotin compounds. With a capillary of 75um I.D.*60 cm length and with a background electrolyte solution of 3mM 4-aminopyridine (pH=4.5), the five triorganotin compounds (trimethyl- 、 triethyl- 、triethyl- 、 tripropyl- 、tributyl-and triphenyltin) can be completely separated in less than 10 minutes at 18 kV. Indirect ultraviolet absorption detection was performeat 261 nm. Linear range of the calibration lines were about 2 orders of magnitude (2-200uM); the absolute detection limit was about 15 fmole (as tin). The same method also can be employed to the analysis of di- and triorganotin compounds simultaneously. With a capillary of 50 um I.D.*60cm length and with a background electrolyte solution consistingof 3mM 4-aminopyridine and 15mM r-cyclodextrin as modifier(pH=3.0), the six organotin compounds (dimethyl-、 dibutyl-﹀rimethyl-、triethyl-、tributyl- and triphenyltin) can be completely separated in less than 15 minutes at 20kV. The absolute detection limit was about 60 fmole (as tin). Application of the developed method to the analysis of trace organotin compounds in marine sediment was found difficult, because sample matrix was too complex. Recoveries fo organotins from the sediment sample were poor. Futher investigation of a more suitable pretreatment procedure for sediment sample is needed.
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Burdová, Vendula. "Voltametrické stanovení genotoxického 4-nitroindanu na rtuťových a stříbrných amalgámových elektrodách." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297244.

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Presented Diploma Thesis is focused on electroanalytical determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane, one of the nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). A hydrocarbon indane (a component of petrol) is a precursor of 4-nitroindane. NPAHs are produced all above by combustion processes in gasoline and diesel engines. It has been shown that NPAHs can be many times more mutagenic or carcinogenic than their parent PAHs, so the analysis of these dangerous pollutants becomes important for modern environmental analytical chemistry. Optimal conditions for determination of 4-nitroindane have been investigated in buffered water-methanolic solutions and electrochemical transformations of 4-nitroindane have been studied by DC voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and at a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE). For voltammetric determination of 4-nitroindane, the following techniques were used: DCV (limit of quantification (LQ) ~ 7. 10-8 mol. l-1 ), DPV (LQ ~ 1. 10-7 mol. l-1 ) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV; LQ ~ 7. 10-9 mol. l-1 ) at HMDE, and DCV (LQ ~ 1. 10-7 mol. l-1 ) and DPV (LQ ~ 1. 10-7 mol l-1 ) at m-AgSAE. The applicability of the newly developed...
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Krejčová, Zuzana. "Voltametrické studium interakce genotoxického 2-nitrofluorenu s DNA na visící rtuťové kapkové elektrodě." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297579.

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In this Diploma Thesis, an interaction of genotoxic environmental pollutant 2-nitrofluorene with a double-stranded calf thymus DNA has been studied using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as an electrochemical sensor. Two types of DNA damage were investigated and electrochemically detected (using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry): (i) The DNA damage caused by the direct interaction with 2-nitrofluorene and (ii) the DNA damage caused by short-lived radicals generated by the electrochemical reduction of the nitro group in 2-nitrofluorene. For the study of direct interaction, HMDE was modified by DNA and the interaction of DNA with 2-nitrofluorene was studied, after their incubation, right at the HMDE surface (adsorptive transfer stripping technique) or the DNA was preincubated with 2-nitrofluorene and, subsequently, the interaction was studied voltammetrically (DNA titration technique). Using both detection techniques, the formation of DNA - 2-nitrofluorene complex was observed and the mutual interaction was interpreted as an intercalation between the DNA base pairs, although such interaction was not clearly confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. An electrostatic binding of 2-nitrofluorene on DNA sugar-phosphate backbone was partially formed at low concentrations of...
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Book chapters on the topic "UV-absorption detection"

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Kok, Wim. "UV-Absorption Detection." In Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation and Operation, 52–58. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83133-0_9.

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Nishimoto, T., Y. Fujiyama, H. Abe, M. Kanai, H. Nakanishi, and A. Arai. "Microfabricated CE Chips with Optical Slit for UV Absorption Detection." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000, 395–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2264-3_92.

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Villamena, Frederick A. "UV–Vis Absorption and Chemiluminescence Techniques." In Reactive Species Detection in Biology, 203–51. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-420017-3.00006-2.

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Anton Okhai, Timothy, Azeez O. Idris, Usisipho Feleni, and Lukas W. Snyman. "Nanomaterial-Enhanced Receptor Technology for Silicon On-Chip Biosensing Application." In Biosensor - Current and Novel Strategies for Biosensing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94249.

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Nanomaterials integration in biosensors designs are known to enhance sensing and signaling capabilities by exhibiting remarkably high surface area enhancement and intrinsic reactivity owing to their distinctive optical, chemical, electrical and catalytic properties. We present the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their immobilization on a silicon on-chip biosensor platform to enhance sensing capability for prostate specific antigen (PSA) - cancer biomarkers. Several techniques, including UV-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used for characterizing the AgNPs. The biochemical sensor consists of AgNPs immobilized on the receptor layer of a silicon avalanche mode light emitting device (Si AM LED) which enables on-chip optical detection biological analytes. A bio-interaction layer etched from the chip interacts with the evanescent field of a micro dimensioned waveguide. An array of detectors below the receptor cavity selectively monitor reflected light in the UV, visible, infrared and far infrared wavelength regions. AgNPs used as an immobilization layer in the receptor layer enhances selective absorption analytes, causing a change in detection signal as a function of propagation wavelength as light is dispersed. The analytes could range from gases to cancer biomarkers like prostate specific antigen.
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"be detected specifically, which is possible for sane groups of odorants (thiols or mercaptans, sulphides, amines) with specific GC-detectors. Spe­ cific detectors are available for haloganted compounds, sulphur-, phosphor-and nitrogen compounds. Figure 4 shews the analysis of the sulphur-ccmpounds produced by the acidic decomposition of phosphate-rock and causing the typi­ cal smell of fertilizer plants. Another approach is to aim at selective concentration methods. Indeed odour problems are caused by a limited number of compounds, on rather a li­ mited number of classes of compounds, mentioned in figure 5. For most odour nuisance problems, chemical plants, refineries, live­ stock production, food processing, rendering, water purification plants etc., the compounds responsible for the odour are known. So chemical analysis of the odour can be limited to these odorants, and selective concentrating techniques can be used. Selective concentrating methods are based on speci­ fic absorption techniques, using particular chemical reactions of odorant classes. Semet imes several absorption methods have to be used in order to describe the odour problem, thus increasing the labor cost of the analysis. On the other hand absorption methods allow better quantitative results. Se­ lective absorption of odorants from air produces a far less complex mixture. We developed or are developing several of these methods for aldehydes, amines, acids, thiols etc. Carbonyl ccnpounds for instance can be trapped by absorption in a rea­ gent solution containing 2,4-dinitrcphenylhydrazine and hydrogen chloride. Details of this method are extensively described elsewhere (8). The prin­ ciple of the method is that the carbonyl ccnpounds, in case of rendering plant emission the aldehydes, react with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and form 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (2,4-DNPH's) according to the scheme. These 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones have seme interesting properties. It are cristalline caipounds so that after extract of the 2,4-DNPH's fran the reagens, they can be concentrated by evaporation of the solvent without losing product. Besides these caipounds shown intense absorption of UV-light (X 356 nm) and so they can easily be detected with an UV-detec-tor. These properties make the 2,4-DNPH's particularly suitable for HPDC-analyse. This methods is used since seme time. A chranatogram is given in figure 6 and results of the quantitative determination of carbonyl com­ pounds in different situations are given in table 2. For amines absorption in an acid solution, or preferably adsorption onto an acid ion exchange column (acidified divinylbenzene-styrenesulfo-nic acid copolymer) is used. 10-50 1 of ambient air is sent over*a wet 100nnix3irmI.D. column; the ion exchange polymer is put into a vial, made alkaline and the water solution is analysed on packed Carbowax-KDH GC-column with a thermionic selective detector (TSD), which is specific for nitrogen- and phosphorus-catpounds. Trimethylamine is detected easi­ ly at 1 ppb. Aibids can be absorbed specifically in an alkaline impringer, which is extracted with ether after acidification to pH 2. This method was used for rendering plant emissions, shewing a series of linear and branched." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 170. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-76.

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Conference papers on the topic "UV-absorption detection"

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Gravel, Jean-François, Martin Allard, François Babin, François Chateauneuf, and Eric Bergeron. "Oil Pipeline Standoff Leak Detection: A Novel Approach for Airborne Remote Detection of Small Leaks." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64704.

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While natural gas pipelines already benefit from airborne, remote detection of leaks [1, 2], oil pipeline leak detection has been for a long time reliant on SCADA systems limited in their capability to detect very small leaks, and/or visual inspection of the right of way (line flyers, pipeline employees or members of the public). This paper presents a novel and complementary way of detecting small leaks (i.e. sensitivity of 0.1 L/minute, 1 barrel/day) of oil (crude or refined products) using an optical detection system mounted on an airborne platform (UAV, plane or helicopter). The scope of this paper is based on the requirements provided by TransCanada, namely sensitivity (herein referred as LOD — Limit of Detection) and accuracy (herein referred as spatial resolution) as similar to their description in API 1130, while the topic of reliability is addressed in our noted concerns on the false alarms that may be generated in Infrared-DiAL based systems due to soil reflectivity. Robustness, as described in API 1130, was out of scope. Keeping in mind the requirement of airborne operation, three different approaches for the detection of leaks along long pipeline ROWs were studied. Infrared Differential Absorption lidar (IR-DiAL), UltraViolet Raman lidar (UV-Raman lidar) and UltraViolet Laser-Induced Fluorescence lidar (UV-LIF lidar) have been tested in realistic conditions. In the first round of tests, laboratory spectral measurements of vapors in a closed cell were performed. In the second round of tests, the breadboards were placed in a mobile laboratory and the light beams aimed at a large open at 40 to 50 meters and reflected off a sand target. Finally, the mobile laboratory with the breadboards was installed at ∼40 meters from a leak simulator. The leak simulator was made by using a large sand container in which petroleum products were leaked. Intermediate scale leak simulator tests showed that it is clearly a challenge to correlate a measured concentration to an actual leak size. Tests have also shown that there is a strong concentration gradient in the air above a leak. This indicates that a better overall detection performance should be obtained with a measurement using the air next to the ground, and that it is feasible to detect a leak of less than 1 barrel/day. UV-Raman tests performed in the outdoors suggested a Limit Of Detection (LOD) of the system below 1 500 ppm-m when detecting all hydrocarbons. Because of the hardware that would be needed to lower this detection limit, results suggest abandoning the Raman technique for remote leak detection from an airborne platform. IR-DiAL showed the best sensitivity for the detection of hydrocarbons (< 1 ppm-m of LOD). However the effective LOD will be reduced because of the soil spectral reflectance variations that may lead to a high false alarm rate for concentrations of hydrocarbons lower than 235 ppm-m. The UV-absorption approach was also briefly tested, suggesting a LOD for benzene of between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm-m. The UV absorption of benzene is not affected by ground spectral reflectance variations. This is an approach that will be investigated further.
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Szolga, Lorant Andras, and Teodor Radu Cilean. "Nitrates and Nitrites Detection System in the Drinking Water Using UV Absorption." In 2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb50910.2020.9280233.

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Makoui, Anali, and Dennis K. Killinger. "UV Absorption and Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements of DPA-Tb for Bacterial Spore Detection." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2008.ltha5.

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Cha, Ho-Young, Stanislav Soloviev, Greg Dunne, Larry Rowland, Scott Zelakiewicz, Peter Waldrab, and Peter Sandvik. "Comparison of 4H-SiC Separate Absorption and Multiplication Region Avalanche Photodiodes Structures for UV Detection." In 2006 5th IEEE Conference on Sensors. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.355706.

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Gibb, J. S., G. Hancock, Vasily L. Kasyutich, and G. A. Ritchie. "UV tunable diode laser source-based on an external resonant cavity for OH absorption detection." In XVII International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics (ICONO 2001), edited by Andrey Y. Chikishev, Valentin A. Orlovich, Anatoly N. Rubinov, and Alexei M. Zheltikov. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468893.

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Anderson, Thomas N., Rodolfo Barron-Jimenez, Jerald A. Caton, Robert P. Lucht, Sukesh Roy, Michael S. Brown, James R. Gord, Thomas Walther, Ian Critchley, and Luis Flamand. "Diode-Laser-Based Sensor Measurements of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide in Combustion Exhaust Streams." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47532.

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All-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser systems for ultraviolet (UV) absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule and mid-infrared (IR) absorption measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) were developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw UV radiation at 226.8 nm is produced by sum-frequency-mixing in a beta-barium borate crystal. For the CO sensor, 2μW of tunable cw IR radiation at 4.5 μm is produced by difference-frequency mixing in a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal. A tunable external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) provides one of the fundamental beams for both processes so that the wavelength of the generated UV/IR can be tuned over NO/CO absorption lines to produce a fully resolved absorption spectrum. The sensors were used for measurements in the exhaust stream of an operating auxiliary power unit (APU) gas turbine engine and a well-stirred reactor (WSR). During these tests, NO was measured in the exhaust at levels below 10 ppm. For measurements at levels above 20 ppm, the NO emission levels obtained using the new sensor agreed with the results of probe sampling chemiluminescent analyzer results to within 10%. A detection limit of 0.8 ppm of per meter path length at 1000 K is estimated for the NO sensor. Measurements with the CO sensor demonstrated an agreement with extractive probe sampling to within 15%. The estimated detection limit of the CO sensor is a few ppm per meter path length at 1000 K.
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Chowdury, Mustafa H., Andrea M. Julian, Craig J. Coates, and Gerard L. Cote. "UV-visible absorption spectroscopy for the detection of differences in oligonucleotide influenced aggregation of colloidal gold nanoparticles." In Biomedical Optics 2005, edited by Alexander N. Cartwright and Marek Osinski. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.588696.

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Bhagyaraj, Sneha, and Igor Krupa. "Alginate-Mediated Synthesis of Hetero-Shaped Silver Nanoparticles and their Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing ability." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0042.

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Silver nanoparticles have been the focus of extensive research for many decades due to their unique physical, chemical and electrical properties. Introducing new environmentally benign methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is of great interest in the research community. In this work we propose a new method for the simple synthesis of stable heterostructured biopolymer (sodium alginate)-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) based on green chemistry.The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The results showed that the as-prepared Ag-NPs have a heterostructured morphology with particle size in the range 30 ± 18 – 60 ± 25 nm, showing a zeta potential of -62 mV. The silver nanoparticle formation was confirmed from UV-Vis spectra showing 424 nm as maximum absorption. The particle size and crystallinity of the as- synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using TEM and XRD measurements respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of alginate as capping agent to stabilize the nanoparticles. The Ag-NPs also showed excellent sensing capability, with a linear response to hydrogen peroxide spanning a wide range of concentrations from 10-1 – 10-7 M, which indicates their high potential for water treatment applications, such as pollution detection and nanofiltration composites.
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Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "DNA Oligonucleotide-Templated Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Novel Label-Free Protein Detection." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11958.

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Semiconductor and magnetic nanoparticles hold unique optical and magnetic properties, and great promise for bio-imaging and therapeutic applications. As part of their stable synthesis, the nanocrystal surfaces are usually capped by long chain organic moieties such as trioctylphosphine oxide. This capping serves two purposes: it saturates dangling bonds at the exposed crystalline lattice, and it prevents irreversible aggregation by stabilizing the colloid through entropic repulsion. These nanocrystals can be rendered water-soluble by either ligand exchange or overcoating, which hampers their widespread use in biological imaging and biomedical therapeutics. Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent PbS and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using DNA oligonucleotides. Our method of PbS synthesis includes addition of Na2S to the mixture solution of DNA sequence and Pb acetate (at a fixed molar ratio of DNA/S2−/Pb2+ of 1:2:4) in a standard TAE buffer at room temperature in the open air. In the case of Fe3O4 particle synthesis, ferric and ferrous chloride were mixed with DNA in DI water at a molar ratio of DNA/Fe2+/Fe3+ = 1:4:8 and the particles were formed via reductive precipitation, induced by increasing pH to ∼11 with addition of ammonium hydroxide. These nanocrystals are highly stable and water-soluble immediately after the synthesis, due to DNA termination. We examined the surface chemistry between oligonucleotides and nanocrystals using FTIR spectroscopy, and found that the different chemical moieties of nucleobases passivate the particle surface. Strong coordination of primary amine and carbonyl groups provides the chemical and colloidal stabilities, leading to high particle yields (Figure 1). The resulting PbS nanocrystals have a distribution of 3–6 nm in diameter, while a broader size distribution is observed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as shown in Figure 1b and c, respectively. A similar observation was reported with the pH change-induced Fe3O4 particles of a bimodal size distribution where superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic magnetites co-exist. In spite of the differences, FTIR measurements suggest that the chemical nature of the oligonucleotide stabilization in this case is identical to the PbS system. As a particular application, we demonstrate that aptamer-capped PbS QD can detect a target protein based on selective charge transfer, since the oligonucleotide-templated synthesis can also serve the additional purpose of providing selective binding to a molecular target. Here, we use thrombin and a thrombin-binding aptamer as a model system. These QD have diameters of 3∼6 nm and fluoresce around 1050 nm. We find that a DNA aptamer can passivate near IR fluorescent PbS nanocrystals, rendering them water-soluble and stable against aggregation, and retain the secondary conformation needed to selectively bind to its target, thrombin, as shown in Figure 2. Importantly, we find that when the aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles binds to its target (only the target), there is a highly systematic and selective quenching of the PL, even in high concentrations of interfering proteins as shown in Figure 3a and b. Thrombin is detected within one minute with a detection limit of ∼1 nM. This PL quenching is attributed to charge transfer from functional groups on the protein to the nanocrystals. A charge transfer can suppress optical transition mechanisms as we observe a significant decrease in QD absorption with target addition (Figure 3c). Here, we rule out other possibilities including Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and particle aggregation, because thrombin absorb only in the UV, and we did not observe any significant change in the diffusion coefficient of the particles with the target analyte, respectively. The charge transfer-induced photobleaching of QD and carbon nanotubes was observed with amine groups, Ru-based complexes, and azobenzene compounds. This selective detection of an unlabeled protein is distinct from previously reported schemes utilizing electrochemistry, absorption, and FRET. In this scheme, the target detection by a unique, direct PL transduction is observed even in the presence of high background concentrations of interfering negatively or positively charged proteins. This mechanism is the first to selectively modulate the QD PL directly, enabling new types of label free assays and detection schemes. This direct optical transduction is possible due to oligonucleotidetemplated surface passivation and molecular recognition. This chemistry may lead to more nanoparticle-based optical and magnetic probes that can be activated in a highly chemoselective manner.
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