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Journal articles on the topic 'UV-photoreactor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mehrvar, M., W. A. Anderson, and M. Moo-Young. "Comparison of the photoactivities of two commercial titanium dioxide powders in the degradation of 1,4-dioxane." International Journal of Photoenergy 4, no. 4 (2002): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x02000168.

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Two different commercial photocatalysts, Degussa P25 and Hombikat UV 100, were used to degrade 1,4-dioxane photocatalytically in an annular slurry photoreactor. The optimum photocatalyst loading for Degussa P25 was found to be1.5gL-1while for Hombikat UV 100 was between3.0−4.0gL-1. The photoactivity of Degussa P25 is higher than that of Hombikat at lower photocatalyst loadings whereas it is lower at higher photocatalyst loadings. This was found both experimentally and also by mathematical modeling of the radiation within the photoreactor zone. The photoactivity of UV 100 titanium dioxide was found to be twice that of Degussa P25 at optimum loadings.

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2

Danyliuk, N. V., T. R. Tatarchuk, and A. V. Shyichuk. "Batch microreactor for photocatalytic reactions monitoring." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.2.338-346.

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Photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants is a hot topic in environmental research. However, an effective purification process needs an effective photoreactor. Typical light sources such as mercury and halogen lamps are replaced with more energy efficient Light Emitting Diodes. In the current work, a miniature photoreactor with low catalyst consumption was presented. The work of the micro-photoreactor is investigated using anatase and P25 industrial titania as model catalysts. The key element of the microreactor is replaceable UV-LED. The used 365 nm emission wavelength is optimal for the model pollutant Rhodamine B dye. The micro-photoreactor is able to mineralize the Rhodamine B dye almost completely.

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3

Bianchi, C. L., C. Pirola, F. Galli, S. Vitali, A. Minguzzi, M. Stucchi, F. Manenti, and V. Capucci. "NOxdegradation in a continuous large-scale reactor using full-size industrial photocatalytic tiles." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 7 (2016): 2261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01627d.

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4

Atheba, Patrick, Didier Robert, Albert Trokourey, Drissa Bamba, and Jean-Victor Weber. "Design and study of a cost-effective solar photoreactor for pesticide removal from water." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 8 (October 1, 2009): 2187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.640.

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In order to remove pesticides from water, a basic photoreactor has been built. We evaluated the performance of this photoreactor using two commercial photocatalytic materials from Ahlstrom group and from Saint-Gobain, with solar and artificial UV-lamps. We compared the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of Diuron in the same reactor with of both photocatalyst supports. We showed that Diuron is easily degraded under solar or artificial irradiation, while the kinetics of mineralization in the same condition are very slow. The behaviour of these commercial materials has been studied after several uses in the same conditions. We showed the effectiveness of this basic and cheap photoreactor for the elimination of pesticide in water.

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5

Behnajady, Mohammad A., Sadegh Amirmohammadi-Sorkhabi, Nasser Modirshahla, and Mohammad Shokri. "Investigation of the efficiency of a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor with supported titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the removal of 4-nitrophenol: operational parameters, kinetics analysis and mineralization studies." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.666.

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In this study, to investigate the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous media a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor with supported TiO2-P25 on glass plates was designed and constructed. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp which was placed in the center of the quartz tubes. 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a most refractory pollutant was chosen as a probe pollutant to examine the photoreactor efficiency for environmental cleaning applications. Results of experiments show that the removal efficiency of 4-NP in this photoreactor is a function of photoreactor length, gas and liquid flow rates and 4-NP initial concentration. Kinetics analysis indicates that degradation of 4-NP in continuous-mode can be modeled with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) model (kL–H = 1.5 mg L−1 min−1, Kads = 0.11 mg−1 L). A design equation was obtained with a combination of L–H modified equation and tubular reactor design equation. This equation can be used for estimation of 4-NP concentration in different photoreactor lengths under various operational parameters. Mineralization study was followed through total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and measurement of nitrite and nitrate as final degradation products.

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6

Ciambelli, Paolo, Diana Sannino, Vincenzo Palma, Vincenzo Vaiano, and Roberto S. Mazzei. "Improved Performances of a Fluidized Bed Photoreactor by a Microscale Illumination System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/709365.

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The performances of a gas-solid two-dimensional fluidized bed reactor in photocatalytic selective oxidation reactions, irradiated with traditional UV lamps or with a microscale illumination system based on UV emitting diodes (UVA-LEDs), have been compared. In the photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene on catalyst the use of UVA-LEDs modules allowed to achieve a cyclohexane conversion and benzene yield higher than those obtained with traditional UV lamps. The better performances with UVA-LEDs are due to the UVA-LEDs small dimensions and small-angle emittance, which allow photons beam be directed towards the photoreactor windows, reducing the dispersion outside of photoreactor or the optical path length. As a consequence, the effectively illuminated mass of catalyst is greater. We have found that this illumination system is efficient for photo-oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene on sulphated and ethanol to acetaldehyde on .

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7

Ghanbari, Sina, Mohammad Hadi Givianrad, and Parviz Aberoomand Azar. "Simultaneous reduction of Cr (VI) and degradation of azo dyes by F-Fe-codoped TiO2/SiO2 photocatalysts under visible and solar irradiation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 9 (September 2019): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0529.

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A new TiO2/SiO2 photocatalyst codoped with fluorine and iron was synthesized using the sol–gel process and immobilized onto glass beads by coupling two methods of dip coating and heat attachment. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DRS-UV–vis, FESEM, EDX, TEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The effective parameters of pH, flow rate, and photoreactor vessels’ angle against solar irradiation on degradation performance were optimized. Subsequently, the photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites was investigated in an innovative fabricated photoreactor using a four-component pollutant mixture of Cr (VI), basic red 29, basic blue 41, and basic yellow 51 under visible and solar irradiation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of photoreactor performance was assessed under various outdoor climate conditions as natural irradiation sources. Consequently, UV–vis spectrophotometry results showed significant efficiency of photocatalytic removal of the pollutant mixture. TOC results of 74.39% and 78.04% for removal of organic content of the sample under visible and solar light, respectively, were also confirmed the great capability of the designed system for the simultaneous removal of some hazardous inorganic and organic contaminants under natural light sources.

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8

Alves, C. V. P., C. A. L. Chernicharo, and M. von Sperling. "UV disinfection of stabilization pond effluent: a feasible alternative for areas with land restriction." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.363.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of a UV photoreactor for the disinfection of effluent from a polishing pond following a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater. For this, a 20 mm diameter photoreactor (20.7 litre volume) equipped with four 30 W submerged low-pressure mercury arc lamps was used. Three tests with contact times and doses ranging from 45 to 90 s and from 16.9 to 31.3 mW s cm−2 were carried out. Inactivation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli varied from 2.6 to 3.4 log-units, even with the presence of suspended solids in the range of 87 to 102 mg L−1. These results have shown that UV radiation disinfection of pond effluents can be a feasible alternative in areas with land restriction.

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9

de Lemos Chernicharo, C. A., J. C. de Castro Silva, A. M. Zerbini, and V. M. Godinho. "Inactivation of E. coli and helminth eggs in aerobic and anaerobic effluents using UV radiation." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0521.

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This paper evaluates the performance of a simplified bench-scale UV-photoreactor used to inactivate Escherichia coli and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. The photoreactor consisted of a tubular unit constructed with PVC tube, 100 mm diameter and 45 cm total height, with a low-pressure mercury lamp adapted in the centre of the tube. The reactor was tested to disinfect the effluents from a trickling filter and from an UASB reactor, both fed with domestic sewage. The results showed an excellent performance of the photoreactor, with very high E. coli inactivation efficiencies being observed for the aerobic effluent (in the range of 4 to 5 log-units, for doses varying from 50.7 to 13.6 mW.s.cm−2) and also for the effluent from the UASB reactor (usually above 4 log-units, for doses of 20.3 and 13.6 mW.s.cm−2). In relation to the inactivation of helminth eggs, it was observed that UV radiation significantly affected the development of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, with the better results being obtained for radiation times of 40 and 60 seconds (doses of 13.6 and 20.3 mW.s.cm−2, respectively), when approximately 65% of the eggs remained in the stage of single cell and only 9 to 10% were able to fully develop to the stage of motile larva.

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10

Jeon, Hwa-Bong, Jung-Won Yun, and Sung-Hong Kim. "Optical characteristics of the UV intensity distribution in a non-contact type UV photoreactor." Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 26, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2012.26.2.257.

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11

Luo, Minghan, Wenjie Xu, Xiaorong Kang, Keqiang Ding, and Taeseop Jeong. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Rotating Annular VUV/UV Photoreactor for Water Treatment." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010079.

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The ultraviolet photochemical degradation process is widely recognized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology for water treatment. This study integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a photoreactive kinetic model to investigate the effects of flow characteristics on the contaminant degradation performance of a rotating annular photoreactor with a vacuum-UV (VUV)/UV process performed in continuous flow mode. The results demonstrated that the introduced fluid remained in intensive rotational movement inside the reactor for a wide range of inflow rates, and the rotational movement was enhanced with increasing influent speed within the studied velocity range. The CFD modeling results were consistent with the experimental abatement of methylene blue (MB), although the model slightly overestimated MB degradation because it did not fully account for the consumption of OH radicals from byproducts generated in the MB decomposition processes. The OH radical generation and contaminant degradation efficiency of the VUV/UV process showed strong correlation with the mixing level in a photoreactor, which confirmed the promising potential of the developed rotating annular VUV reactor in water treatment.

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12

Schlögl, S., A. Temel, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, and W. Kern. "PREVULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX BY UV TECHNIQUES: A PROCESS TOWARDS REDUCING TYPE IV CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY OF LATEX ARTICLES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 83, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3457793.

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Abstract The UV induced prevulcanization of natural rubber (NR) latex provides an innovative technology for an efficient cross-linking. In the photochemical process, a selected photoinitiator and a poly-functional thiol are added to the NR latex. Free radicals (bond cleavage of the photoinitiator) are generated due to UV irradiation and cross-linking of the latex particles is then achieved by a thiol-ene addition reaction. The thiol-ene addition reaction in NR films is characterized with Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. To achieve the prevulcanization of latex, both a thin film photoreactor and a falling film photoreactor are applied. Solid latex films are then produced by conventional dipping of the precured NR latex. The NR latex films are distinguished by good skin compatibility due to the absence of sensitizing or irritating processing agents which are used in conventional sulfur vulcanization. Moreover UV cross-linked films display excellent physical properties as well as high aging stabilities. Further advantages of the new technology compared to conventional sulfur vulcanization are low energy consumption together with short vulcanization times.

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13

Elyasi, Siamak, and Fariborz Taghipour. "Simulation of UV photoreactor for water disinfection in Eulerian framework." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 14 (July 2006): 4741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.010.

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14

Galbičková, Blanka, Michal Belcik, Ivan Hrušovský, Maroš Soldán, Karol Balog, and Janka Ševčíková. "Hazard Analysis in Phenol Removal from Natural Water Sources." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.75.

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AOP processes (Advanced Oxidation processes) are presently used as an alternative to traditional methods for removing of persistent pollutants from wastewater. Article is focused on removal of phenol from wastewater by using UV photodegradation. As a source of UV light medium pressure mercury lamp with output 400W is used. The aim of article is to perform hazard analysis in work with UV photoreactor by HAZOP method, eliminate risks in working with this equipment and propose corrective measures to improve quality of health and safety during work.

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15

Chan, A. H. C., J. F. Porter, J. P. Barford, and C. K. Chan. "Photocatalytic thin film cascade reactor for treatment of organic compounds in wastewater." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0283.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of benzoic acid was investigated in a pilot scale-cascade photoreactor. The photoreactor consists of an array of UV lamps (40 W, 365 nm) illuminating a cascade of three inclined 316 stainless steel plates, on which titanium dioxide (TiO2) was immobilized by electrophoretic deposition. The percentage removal of total organic carbon (TOC) of liquid samples was determined. The photocatalytic process was affected by several operating parameters. Increasing the solution temperature was found to reduce the dissolved oxygen (DO) level and to decrease the rate of the degradation process. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation was found to be accurate for modeling the degradation of benzoic acid with initial concentrations of 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The rate of removal of TOC was positively affected by UV light intensity, but appeared to be independent of solution flowrate in the range examined. Control experiments confirmed that the effects of adsorption of the solute onto the TiO2 catalysts and photolytic degradation were negligible.

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16

Fernandes de Melo, Claudinei, Flavio T. da Silva, and Teresa C. B. de Paiva. "Treatment of wastewater from a cotton dyeing process with UV/H2O2 using a photoreactor covered with reflective material." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.661.

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Wastewater containing several dyes, including sulfur black from the dyeing process in a textile mill, was treated using a UV/H2O2 process. The wastewater was characterized by a low BOD/COD ratio, intense color and high acute toxicity to the algae species Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata. The influence of the pH and H2O2 concentration on the treatment process was evaluated by a full factorial design 22 with three replicates of the central experiment. The removal of aromatic compounds and color was improved by an increase in the H2O2 concentration and a decrease in pH. The best results were obtained at pH 5.0 and 6 g L−1. With these conditions and 120 min of UV irradiation, the removal of the color, aromatic compounds and COD were 74.1, 55.1 and 44.8%, respectively. Under the same conditions, but using a photoreactor covered with aluminum foil, the removal of the color, aromatic compounds and COD were 92.0, 77.6 and 59.4%, respectively. Moreover, the use of aluminum foil reduced the cost of the treatment by 40.8%. These results suggest the potential application of reflective materials as a photoreactor accessory to reduce electric energy consumption during the UV/H2O2 process.

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17

Luo, Minghan, Fan Zeng, Taeseop Jeong, Gongde Wu, and Qingqing Guan. "CFD Modeling of UV/H2O2 Process in Internal Airlift Circulating Photoreactor." Water 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113237.

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UV chemical degradation is a low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment technology that protects the environment. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mass transfer, and photochemical kinetic models combined with the continuous flow mode of UV/H2O2 were applied for the photochemical reaction of internal airlift circulation photocatalytic reactor to improve the efficiency of the reaction. Results show that with the increase in gas flow rate, the turbulence intensity and internal circulation effect of liquid in the reactor can be enhanced under the condition of constant baffle spacing. The CFD simulation prediction results of the chemical components in the liquid flow show that H2O2 has a high correlation with the OH radical formation, which depends on the intensity of UV. Thus, the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) has a high correlation with UV intensity. The degradation efficiency of MB is improved with the increase in gas velocity by comparing the experimental data with the numerical simulation data. The experimental data are generally lower than the numerical prediction data, and although a certain difference range is observed, the overall prediction results are better.

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18

Conte, Francesco, Antonio Tripodi, Ilenia Rossetti, and Gianguido Ramis. "Feasibility Study of the Solar-Promoted Photoreduction of CO2 to Liquid Fuels with Direct or Indirect Use of Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102804.

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Solar irradiation data collected at the latitude of Milan city, near the 45th parallel North, and original activity data of some high-performing photocatalysts (i.e., commercial TiO2 P25, TiO2 prepared by flame spray pyrolysis, 0.2% wt/wt Au/P25) have been used to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of an ideal solar photoreactor for the CO2 photoreduction in liquid phase. The best theoretical performance was achieved with commercial bare P25 titania, despite the fact that it was the material with the widest band gap (3.41 eV vs. 3.31 for FSP and 3.12 for Au/P25). In that case the efficiency of energy storage was calculated as about 2% (considering the total irradiated solar energy) and ca 18% (considering only the UV fraction of solar irradiance). Most of the energy content of the products was stored as formic acid, which would return a productivity of about 640 kg/year kgcat under daylight solar irradiation considering the variance of the irradiance data. Bare FSP titania gave a less promising result, while Au/P25 ranked in the middle. A comparison between the proposed setup and a photoreactor irradiated with UV lamps powered through a wind turbine or solar panels, which allow for an indirect use of renewable energy sources also intended for energy storage purposes, unveil that the latter is many times less efficient than the hypothesized direct solar photoreactor, despite the fact that it could be a reasonable storage system for energy production peaks.

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19

Lin, Chia-Chang, and Min-Shan Wu. "Degradation of ciprofloxacin by UV/S2O82− process in a large photoreactor." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 285 (July 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.04.002.

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20

Tsvetkov, V. M., and A. A. Pikulev. "Flow type barrier-discharge UV photoreactor for irradiating liquids and gases." Technical Physics Letters 38, no. 4 (April 2012): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378501204013x.

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21

Rodríguez-Chueca, Jorge, Sandra Mesones, and Javier Marugán. "Hybrid UV-C/microfiltration process in membrane photoreactor for wastewater disinfection." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 36 (October 1, 2018): 36080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3262-x.

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22

Ounnar, Amel, Abdelkrim Bouzaza, Lidia Favier, and Fatiha Bentahar. "Macrolide antibiotics removal using a circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor: parametric study and hydrodynamic flow characterization." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 11 (February 22, 2016): 2627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.096.

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The present work investigates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of biorecalcitrant macrolide antibiotics in a circulating tubular photoreactor. As target pollutants, spiramycin (SPM) and tylosin (TYL) were considered in this study. The photoreactor leads to the use of an immobilized titanium dioxide on non-woven paper under artificial UV-lamp irradiation. Maximum removal efficiency was achieved at the optimum conditions of natural pH, low pollutant concentration and a 0.35 L min−1 flow rate. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was used to fit experimental results and the model constants were determined. Moreover, the total organic carbon analysis reveals that SPM and TYL mineralization is not complete. In addition, the study of the residence time distribution allowed us to investigate the flow regime of the reactor. Electrical energy consumption for photocatalytic degradation of macrolides using circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor was lower compared with some reported photoreactors used for the elimination of pharmaceutic compounds. A repetitive reuse of the immobilized catalyst was also studied in order to check its photoactivity performance.

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23

Han, I., J. W. Shin, and H. C. Kim. "Photocatalytic oxidation of aquatic humic substances using TiO2/UV in a rotating photoreactor." Water Supply 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.055.

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Applicability of a rotating reactor for photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances extracted from the Han River in Seoul, Korea (Han-HS) was investigated. Because air blowing for complete dispersion of TiO2 photocatalysts could inhibit ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation between UV lamps and photocatalysts by air bubbles, a rotating photocatalytic reactor with four baffles was used for better UV-irradiation in this study. Han-HS was extracted and treated with UV-irradiation. Because Han-HS is different from other commercial humic materials (e.g. Aldrich Humic acid and International Humic Substance Society NOM), structural spectroscopic analyses were conducted by FT-IR and 13C-NMR. Immobilized TiO2 coated on hollow beads was used to separate and recover the photocatalyst. During two hours of UV-irradiation, absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and total organic carbon (TOC) content were monitored. Photocatalytic oxidation efficiencies of different wavelengths of UV lamps (254 nm and 352 nm) were also compared and raw and pre-chlorinated waters of the Han River were used to evaluate the applicability for water treatment.

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Crapulli, F., D. Santoro, M. R. Sasges, and A. K. Ray. "Mechanistic modeling of vacuum UV advanced oxidation process in an annular photoreactor." Water Research 64 (November 2014): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.048.

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25

Ilinsky, Roman, and Andrey Ulyanov. "Fluence Rate in UV Photoreactor for Disinfection of Water: Isotropically Radiating Cylinder." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310720.

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The calculation of fluence rate in the photochemical reactor using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for disinfection of water for the case, when a cylinder of infinite length is used as a light source, has been considered. Such a cylinder is filled with an isotropically radiating medium. The dependence of the fluent rate on the diameter of the radiating cylinder has been analytically analyzed. The limiting case when the diameter of the radiating cylinder tends to zero has been considered and the notion of “effective interval” has been introduced. Based on this notion, the comparison of fluence rates for the cylinders of finite and infinite lengths has been performed. In the calculations of fluence rate, it is advisable to use the Chebyshev method for the operations of numerical integration.

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26

Baum, Georg, and Thomas Oppenländer. "Vacuum - UV - oxidation of chloroorganic compounds in an excimer flow through photoreactor." Chemosphere 30, no. 9 (May 1995): 1781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00062-d.

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27

Luo, Minghan, Wenjie Xu, Jiaxing Xu, Gongde Wu, and Taeseop Jeong. "Computational fluid dynamics modeling of airlift VUV/UV photoreactor with internal circulation." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 225 (2021): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27208.

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28

SHU, H., H. FAN, M. CHANG, and W. HSIEH. "Treatment of MSW landfill leachate by a thin gap annular UV/H2O2 photoreactor with multi-UV lamps." Journal of Hazardous Materials 129, no. 1-3 (February 28, 2006): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.009.

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29

Mitrovic, Jelena, Miljana Radovic, Danijela Bojic, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Milovan Purenovic, and Aleksandar Bojic. "Decolorization of textile azo dye reactive orange 16 with UV/H2O2 process." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 4 (2012): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110216187m.

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The photochemical decolorization of C.I. Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), a reactive textile azo dye by the UV/H2O2 process using a batch photoreactor with UV lamps emitting at 253.7 nm, was studied. Complete decolorization of 50.0 mg dm-3 initial dye concentration was achieved in less than 6 min under optimal conditions (25 mM initial peroxide concentration, at pH 7.0 and with UV light intensity 1950 ?W cm-2). The effect of experimental variables, such as initial pH, initial concentration of H2O2, initial dye concentration, and the intensity of UV light was studied. The highest decolorization rates were performed at peroxide concentration in range from 20 mM up to 40 mM, above which decolorization was inhibited by a scavenging effect of peroxide. The decolorization was more efficient in neutral pHs. The efficiency of the process was improved in lower initial dye concentration and at higher intensity of UV light.

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Ferreiro, Cristian, Natalia Villota, José Lombraña, María Rivero, Verónica Zúñiga, and José Rituerto. "Analysis of a Hybrid Suspended-Supported Photocatalytic Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Benzothiazole and Aniline." Water 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020337.

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In this work, a study of the main operating variables affecting TiO2/UV photocatalysis was carried out. The treatment of an industrial effluent containing aniline and benzothiazole from the manufacture of accelerants for vulcanization was performed in a TiO2-supported commercial photoreactor. The degradation of both contaminants was monitored by GC-MS analysis. The proposed experiments were able to properly identify the phenomenon of adsorption, as well as to improve the performance of the commercial photoreactor by adding small amounts of TiO2 in suspension. The removal performance, durability of the photocatalytic material, and energy costs were analysed. The results showed that the use of suspensions intensifies the degradation obtaining an improvement of 23.15% with respect to the use of the supported catalyst. For an aniline and benzothiazole solution, the best operating conditions were found at pH = 12.0, introducing 60.0 mg L−1 of suspended TiO2 together with the existing supported catalyst.

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31

Shen, Y. S., and B. H. Liao. "Study on the treatment of Acid Red 4 wastewaters by a laminar-falling-film-slurry-type VUV photolytic process." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.380.

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The purpose of this study is to develop the design equation of a laminar-falling-film-slurry-type (LFFS) photoreactor for the treatment of organic wastewaters (Acid Red 4) by 185 nm vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) related processes. The LFFS photoreactor is one of the most efficient reactor configurations for conducting heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions, particularly for wastewater treatment. The decomposition of Acid Red 4 dye wastewaters by VUV-based photo-oxidation process was studied under various UV light intensities, dosages of H2O2 and TiO2. By the treatment of the LFFS–VUV only process, it was found that the decomposition rates of the dye in aqueous solutions increased with the increasing of VUV light intensity, dosage of TiO2, dosage of H2O2. The apparent potential of OH. generation from the photolysis of used oxidants (i.e. OH. sources, H2O, H2O2, TiO2) to decompose the targeted dye wastewater was investigated and compared.

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Srinivasan, Sesha S., Jeremy Wade, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Synthesis and Characterization of PhotocatalyticTiO2-ZnFe2O4Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2006 (2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jnm/2006/45712.

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A new coprecipitation/hydrolysis synthesis route is used to create aTiO2-ZnFe2O4nanocomposite that is directed towards extending the photoresponse ofTiO2from UV to visible wavelengths (>400 nm). The effect ofTiO2's accelerated anatase-rutile phase transformation due to the presence of the coupledZnFe2O4narrow-bandgap semiconductor is evaluated. The transformation's dependence on pH, calcinations temperature, particle size, andZnFe2O4concentration has been analyzed using XRD, SEM, and UV-visible spectrometry. The requirements for retaining the highly photoactive anatase phase present in aZnFe2O4nanocomposite are outlined. The visible-light-activated photocatalytic activity of theTiO2-ZnFe2O4nanocomposites has been compared to an AldrichTiO2reference catalyst, using a solar-simulated photoreactor for the degradation of phenol.

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Li, Mengkai, Zhimin Qiang, Chen Wang, James R. Bolton, and Ernest R. Blatchley III. "Experimental Assessment of Photon Fluence Rate Distributions in a Medium-Pressure UV Photoreactor." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 6 (February 28, 2017): 3453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06298.

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Elyasi, Siamak, and Fariborz Taghipour. "Simulation of UV Photoreactor for Degradation of Chemical Contaminants: Model Development and Evaluation." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 2056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902391t.

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Lee, Joon-Chul, Moon-Sun Kim, Chul Kyung Kim, Chan-Hwa Chung, Sung M. Cho, Gui Young Han, Ki June Yoon, and Byung-Woo Kim. "Removal of paraquat in aqueous suspension of TiO2 in an immersed UV photoreactor." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 5 (September 2003): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697289.

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Tawabini, Bassam S. "Simultaneous Removal of MTBE and Benzene from Contaminated Groundwater Using Ultraviolet-Based Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/452356.

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Efficiency of ultraviolet-ozone (UV/O3) and ultraviolet-hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) processes was investigated for simultaneous removal of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene from contaminated ground water. The photoreactor employed housed 15-watt low pressure (LP) and 150-watt medium pressure (MP) mercury UV lamps. Oxidation of contaminants was studied at two different levels of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Brackish groundwater samples were spiked with MTBE and benzene up to a concentration of 500 μg L−1. Removal potential was evaluated at different parameters such as UV type and intensity and peroxide and ozone dosages, as well as contact time. Results indicated that no removal of the contaminants was attained when treated with hydrogen peroxide or ozone alone. However, about 50% and 30% removal of MTBE were achieved in 30 minutes when irradiated with MP-UV and LP-UV lamps, respectively. On the other hand, UV/H2O2process was found to be superior in removal of MTBE (90% in 10 min.) and benzene (95% in 5 min.) compared to UV/O3process. Furthermore, removal of benzene was comparatively easier than MTBE in both approaches. It is hence concluded that higher UV intensities and elevated doses of H2O2accelerate simultaneous removal of MTBE and benzene from water.

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Sheidaei, Behnaz, and Mohammad A. Behnajady. "Mathematical Kinetic Modelling and Representing Design Equation for a Packed Photoreactor with Immobilised TiO2-P25 Nanoparticles on Glass Beads in the Removal of C.I. Acid Orange 7." Chemical and Process Engineering 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2015-0010.

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In this work, a design equation was presented for a batch-recirculated photoreactor composed of a packed bed reactor (PBR) with immobilised TiO2-P25 nanoparticle thin films on glass beads, and a continuous-flow stirred tank (CFST). The photoreactor was studied in order to remove C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a monoazo anionic dye from textile industry, by means of UV/TiO2 process. The effect of different operational parameters such as the initial concentration of contaminant, the volume of solution in CFST, the volumetric flow rate of liquid, and the power of light source in the removal efficiency were examined. A rate equation for the removal of AO7 is obtained by mathematical kinetic modelling. The results of reaction kinetic analysis indicate the conformity of removal kinetics with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model (kL-H = 0.74 mg L-1 min-1, Kads = 0.081 mg-1 L). The represented design equation obtained from mathematical kinetic modelling can properly predict the removal rate constant of the contaminant under different operational conditions (R2 = 0.963). Thus the calculated and experimental results are in good agreement with each other.

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Azrague, K., and S. W. Osterhus. "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) degradation in natural waters using a V-UV/UV/TiO2 reactor." Water Supply 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.713.

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This paper presents the use of a V-UV/UV/TiO2 reactor (M300 water purifier®) for the removal of sulfamethoxazole and atrazine from natural water. The efficiency of the different processes (photolysis, Vacuum UV (V-UV) and photocatalysis) within the photoreactor was investigated using para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) which is a good probe for hydroxyl radicals. The effect of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) was also studied. V-UV was found to be the most efficient process for pCBA degradation within this unit. No photocatalytic degradation was observed. The water quality largely affected the efficiency of the system. Indeed, both DOC and TIC lowered the hydroxyl radical concentration in the system, but DOC did it to a larger extent. Atrazine and sulfamethoxazole, were successfully degraded, and as for pCBA, V-UV was the most efficient process. Sulfamethoxazole displayed a better removal by photocatalysis than atrazine and pCBA. In addition, there was a larger contribution of photolysis during the degradation of sulfamethoxazole than of atrazine. The UV254 nm absorbance of the water affected the photolysis of sulfamethoxazole which has a high molar extinction coefficient and quantum yield at 254 nm, while the DOC is mainly competing with the pollutants for the hydroxyl radicals.

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Silva, Andrea Maria da, Tainá Natália dos Santos, Raiane dos Santos, Thiago Sabino Pessoa, Luiz Carlos Araújo dos Anjos, Nelson Alves da Silva Sobrinho, and Paula Barone da Paz Sales. "Low-cost flow photoreactor for degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye by UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: a performance comparison." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 3 (May 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2687.

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In this work, a flow photoreactor was designed and set up using low-cost and recyclable parts to develop chemical treatments based on advanced oxidation processes (AOP) of highly colored textile wastewater. To evaluate this sustainable system´s efficiency, we investigated and compared the performance of three types of destructive methods (UV/H2O2, Fenton, and photo-Fenton) on the decolorization of aqueous solutions of Reactive Black 5 dye (RB5). We also analyzed the effect of the oxidant and dye concentrations on the rate of color removal in each one of the three methods. The results showed that, regardless of the initial operating conditions, the photo-Fenton process achieved the highest degradation rates, particularly when the highest ratio between the oxidant and dye concentrations was used ([H2O2]: [RB5] = 24.5 mg L-1: 25 mg L-1), leading to complete color removal within only 10 minutes of reaction. With the same initial condition, the Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes were also capable of removing the color entirely, even though they demanded more extended runs of 25 min. and 45 min., respectively. The effect of pH on the decolorization by the photo-Fenton process was also investigated, showing the same high performance at pHs 3 and 4. The degradation profile achieved by the photo-Fenton treatment was appropriately fitted by a pseudo-first-order kinetic. The non-expensive photoreactor proved to be quite useful for the degradation of the RB5, mainly when this azo dye underwent the photo-Fenton process.

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Sellami, Mohamed Habib, Abdennaceur Hassen, and Mohamed Salah Sifaoui. "Modelling of UV radiation field inside a photoreactor designed for wastewater disinfection Experimental validation." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 78, no. 3-4 (May 2003): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(02)00216-9.

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Lin, Chia-Chang, Hsin-Yi Lin, and Ling-Jung Hsu. "Degradation of ofloxacin using UV/H 2 O 2 process in a large photoreactor." Separation and Purification Technology 168 (August 2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.052.

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Tang, C., and V. Chen. "The photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 using TiO2/UV in an annular photoreactor." Water Research 38, no. 11 (June 2004): 2775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.020.

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Mohajerani, Masroor, Mehrab Mehrvar, and Farhad Ein-Mozaffari. "Photoreactor design and CFD modelling of a UV/H2O2 process for distillery wastewater treatment." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 90, no. 3 (May 16, 2011): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20569.

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44

Widiyati, Cahya, and Herry Poernomo. "Design of a Prototype Photoreactor UV-LEDs for Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex." International Journal of Technology 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i1.1164.

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Ghafoori, Samira, Mehrab Mehrvar, and Philip K. Chan. "Photoreactor scale-up for degradation of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) using UV/H2O2 process." Chemical Engineering Journal 245 (June 2014): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.055.

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46

Hamad, Dina, Mehrab Mehrvar, and Ramdhane Dhib. "Photochemical Kinetic Modeling of Degradation of Aqueous Polyvinyl Alcohol in a UV/H2O2 Photoreactor." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 8 (February 27, 2018): 3283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1190-y.

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47

Garvín, A., R. Ibarz, and A. Ibarz. "Modelling of UV absorption in a plane photoreactor for solutions with high-patulin concentration." Food Research International 69 (March 2015): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.035.

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Bertagna Silva, Danilo, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Tomislav Babić, Lidija Ćurković, and Sandra Babić. "Impact of UV-LED photoreactor design on the degradation of contaminants of emerging concern." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 153 (September 2021): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.07.015.

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Engelhardt, Tony B., Sabine Schmitz-Stöwe, Thomas Schwarz, and Klaus Stöwe. "Development of A Novel High Throughput Photo-catalyst Screening Procedure: UV-A Degradation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol with Doped TiO2-Based Photo-catalysts." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061365.

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The rising pollution of surface water by endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCS) could lead to the persistent harm of aquatic wildlife. Addressing this concern, advanced waste water treatment techniques should be established in addition to the present sewage treatment. Therefore, the promising advanced oxidation process of photocatalysis is discussed. With the aim of establishing a novel high throughput screening approach for photocatalysts, a workflow resting upon the use of a self-constructed 60-fold parallel stirring UV-A LED photoreactor, followed by parallel sample extraction by SPE and sequential automated analysis by GC-MS, was developed, and is presented in this article. With the described system, TiO2-based photocatalysts, doped with different amounts of zinc, and synthesised by a sol-gel-route, were tested regarding their activity in the photocatalytic degradation of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol. Thereby, the functional behavior of the photoreactor system and its applicability in a high throughput process could be evaluated. As a result of the catalyst screening, TiO2 catalysts with low amounts of zinc were found with a significantly higher activity, compared to undoped TiO2. In conclusion, the presented system provides an easily accessible high throughput method for a variety of photocatalytic experiments.

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Grimes, Susan M., and Helen C. Ngwang. "Methodology for Studying Oxidation of Organic Species in Solution." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.3.584.

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Abstract A photoreactor was developed to study products of photochemical oxidation in a wide range of organic compounds. Analysis of the products from the reactor were used to determine the extent of mineralization of the organic material, to characterize any intermediate compounds formed, and to obtain information on the decomposition mechanism. Appropriate methods for separation and characterization include LC, UV spectrophotometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon. The uses of the reactor are described for the photocatalytic decomposition of phenol and of its major decomposition intermediates 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene.

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