Academic literature on the topic 'Uv spectrum of salicylic acid'
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Journal articles on the topic "Uv spectrum of salicylic acid"
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Bamigboye, Mercy O., Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, Racheal O. Awolope, Joshua A. Obaleye, and Favour K. Ejimofor. "Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities of Mixed Ibuprofen-Salicylic Acid Metal-Drug Complexes." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 5 (2021): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.28.
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Most variants of bacteria are resistant to traditional antibiotics which are organic. To overcome the growing infections, bacteria resistant infections, and multiple drug resistance (MDR) rates, transition metals with biological importance were coordinated to organic ligands (Ibuprofen and Salicylic acid) with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, metal complexes of mixed Ibuprofen and Salicylic acid were prepared using a standard method to give of the type [M(Ibu)(Sal)X] (where M = Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and X = Cl2, Ibu = Ibuprofen, Sal = Salicylic acid). The complexes were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, melting points, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction. The metal ions are coordinated to the ligands via the carboxylato oxygen donor atoms of both ligands. From the physicochemical data, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The XRD study suggested that the metal complexes possess a well-defined crystalline structure with average crystallite sizes of < 62 nm. Evaluations of the antimicrobial activities of the ligands and their complexes against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumonia, E. coli, and P. aeroginosa) via standard method were utilized to determine the zones of inhibition. The complexes exhibited a higher zone of inhibition, indicating higher antimicrobial activities when compared to the parent ligand. The results revealed that the metal-drug complexes are promising chemotherapeutic agents with wide spectrum of activities.
 Keywords: Metal-drug complexes; Ibuprofen; Spectra studies; Salicylic acid; Antimicrobial activity
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Wang, Dan Jun, Jie Zhang, Li Guo, Feng Fu, and Lin Lin Yue. "Synthesis of Fe3+ Doped Bi2MoO6 Nanoplate and its Performance on Photocatalytic Degradation of Salicylic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.382.
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Fe3+ doped Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process using Bi (NO3)3 and (NH4)6 Mo7O244H2O as starting materials. XRD, SEM and UV-Vis absorption spectrum techniques were employed to characterize the phase composition and spectrum properties of the as-synthesized samples. Salicylic acid was selected as a model pollutant to investigate the effect Fe3+ doping on the photocatalytic activity of as-synthesized Bi2MoO6. The experimental results indicated that Fe3+ element doping can enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst. When the amount of Fe3+ doped in Bi2MoO6 is 0.5%, the photocatalyst exhibits the best photocatalytica activity. The doped Fe3+ doped into the crystal lattice of Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst act as the electron traps and facilitates the separation of the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs due to its electron deficient. Thus, Fe3+ doping improve the photocatalytic with great efficiency.
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Olga, Semeshko, Pasichnyk Maria, Hyrlya Lyudmila, Vasylenko Viktoria, and Kucher Elena. "Studying the influence of uv adsorbers on optical characteristics of light-protective polymer films for textile materials." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 6(99) (2019): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.167956.
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The use of UV adsorbers included in composition of a polymer film is a promising way of color protecting against effects of light since application of the polymer to the textile material surface is a universal way of providing the textile materials with necessary special properties. Optical characteristics are the most important indicators of suitability of polymer films for their use in final processing of colored textile materials. The objective of this study consisted in a spectrophotometric determination of optical characteristics of polymer films based on a styrene-acrylic polymer with addition of a cross-linking agent and UV adsorbers for the use in final processing of textile materials for the purpose of their color protection. The polymer matrix is an aqueous dispersion of a thermally linking styrene-acrylic copolymer. Partly esterified melamine resin was used as a cross-linking agent and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 3,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, salicylic acid phenyl ether, p-methoxy cinnamic acid were used as UV adsorbers. Optical characteristics of polymer films were determined using SF-56 spectrophotometer by constructing spectral curves of absorption and transmission in the range of 200‒800 nm. Based on analysis of spectral curves of absorption in polymer films, UV adsorbers which provide formation of colorless polymer films have been established. Spectral curves of light transmission of the studied polymer films in the visible portion of spectrum have allowed us to determine effect of UV adsorbers on film transparency and light transmission in relation to UV rays in the UV portion of the spectrum. Substances that contribute to reduction of UV radiation transmission through polymeric films and provide light protection properties were established. Based on the multivariate analysis of the results obtained in the study of optical characteristics of polymer films, a composition based on styrene-acrylic polymer, cross-linking agent and UV adsorber was recommended. The found composition is suitable for its use in final processing of colored textile materials in order to form a colorless, transparent coating with light-protective properties.
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Obi, Juliana Chineze, and Paul Chukwudi Osunwa. "UV and IR Characterization of Monoazo Disperse Dyes Synthesized from Aminobenzene and its Derivatives." Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences 5, no. 7 (2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i07.001.
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The potential of amino benzene and its derivatives in the synthesis of monoazo disperse dyes was studied. The dyes were synthesized by the diazotization of amino benzene and its derivatives and subsequent coupling with salicylic acid. The synthesized dyes were subjected to UV and IR characterization and the UV-VIS absorption spectra of the dyes in methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate revealed that the dyes have absorption bands within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and that the λmax of the dyes increases with increase in polarity of the solvents. The FTIR characterization of the dyes revealed the presence of C – O from phenol, C – N and N – H from amines, C – H from alkane, N = O from nitro compounds and – OH from alcohol and the proposed structures of the dyes revealed the presence of chromophoric, auxochromic and azodic groups which may help to explain why the dyes have excellent colourations. The dyeing and fastness properties of the dyes on nylon, wool, polyester and cotton revealed that the dyes will have commercial importance within the textile industries.
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Abdul Hussein, Jasim M., Saadon A. Owda, and Samaá M. Hassan. "Preparation, Characterization of A New Cis – Iodoplatin and Cis - Carboplatin Complexes and Study There Spectral, Physical and Pharmaceutical Properties." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (2019): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v27i1.2086.
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This search includes preparation of new cis–platin, in the form of iodin, and new two cis - carboplatin complexes {cis [Pt(4-aminoantipyrine) (NH3)2]I2 and cis[Pt (aminosalicylicacid) (NH3)2]I}, which used as anti - cancer drugs, they are prepared by using the organic ligands 4-amino salicylic acid and 4-amino anti pyrine. These complexes were characterized by using UV–Vis., FTIR, XRD and 1HNMR spectroscopic techniques . The effect of the concentration and the temperature on the molar electrical conductivity of its solutions were studied. The expiry date (half-life) for the solutions of the complexes in the circumstances at the degrees (350C) and (20 0C) was determined
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Soumendra, Nath Nandi, Roy Suman, Das Kuheli, Datta Amitabha, and Sinha Chittaranjan. "Synthesis and spectral characterization of some mixed ligand complexes of CuII containing NNS and NN/NO/OO chelating ligands." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 93, Nov 2016 (2016): 1253–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639144.
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Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India <em>E-mail</em> : c_r_sinha@yahoo.com <em>Fax</em> : 91-033-24137121 Present address : Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei-115, Taiwan <em>Manuscript received 09 August 2016, revised 19 September 2016, accepted 20 September 2016</em> Cu(NN´S)Cl2 (NN´S : 1-alkyl-2-{(o-thioalkyl)phenylazo}imidazole) reacts with some bidentate chelating ligands like, N,N (2,2´-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline), N,O (oxine, picolinic acid) and O,O (salicylic acid, oxalic acid) to prepare mixed ligand complexes, [Cu(NN´S)(N,N)](ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, [Cu(NN´S)(N,O)](ClO<sub>4</sub>) and [Cu(NN´S)(O,O)]. The complexes are characterized by the elemental analysis, Mass, molar conductance measurements, magnetic moment data. Penta-coordinated distorted square pyramidal structure is supported by spectral studies (FT-IR, UV-Vis). The cyclic voltammetric measurements and EPR spectral studies assign Cu<sup>II</sup> redox state. DFT and TD-DFT computation have been carried out of representative complex to explain spectral and redox properties.
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Lim, Sabina, Seunghun Lee, Seung-Ho Yi, Yang-Sun Son, Sung-min Choi, and Young-Kon Kim. "The Biological Safety of Stainless Steel Needles Used in Warm-Needling." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 2 (2010): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen066.
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Warm-needling (also called thermo-acupuncture) is a combination of acupuncture and moxibustion. Due to the intense heat involved, there have been concerns over the biological safety of the acuneedles used in the treatment. This paper reports two phases of a safety test. For a preliminary test, we compared the temperature change patterns of stainless steel (SS304) needles and traditional gold alloy needles, which have been increasingly replaced by the former. To verify the effects of the presence of coating materials, the main test involved three different kinds of SS304: silicone-coated, salicylic acid-coated and non-coated needles. Each group of needles was tested for pH level, heavy metals and UV absorbance spectrum along with biological tests on the cytotoxicity and hemolysis of the needle. All the tests on the extractants from the needles were negative. In the biological tests, each test result showed a significant difference from the positive control samples, while no significant difference was observed compared with the negative control samples. In the hemolysis tests, all samples satisfied the Korean Government Standards. All the results suggest that SS304 needles are biologically safe to be used in warm-needling, though they can be improved to perform as well as the gold alloy needles in terms of temperature fluctuations.
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Tavares, Sílvia, Helena Azinheira, Javier Valverde, A. Jesus-Muñoz Pajares, Pedro Talhinhas, and Maria do Céu Silva. "Identification of HIR, EDS1 and PAD4 Genes Reveals Differences between Coffea Species That May Impact Disease Resistance." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (2023): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13040992.
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Coffee, a widely consumed important agricultural product, is mainly produced from two species, Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora (Robusta coffee). Timor Hybrid (HDT) is a population resulting from a natural cross between C. arabica and C. canephora. HDT derivatives have a high spectrum of resistance to different races of Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), the causal agent of coffee leaf rust. A RNAseq database, obtained from HDT832/2 leaves inoculated with Hv (Host Resistance) and Uromyces vignae (Uv, Nonhost Resistance), showed the presence of genes implicated in the hypersensitive response and salicylic acid pathway. Hypersensitive Induced Reaction (HIR) gene family, Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 gene (EDS1), and Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) gene are involved in host and nonhost resistance. Relative expression calculated by RT-qPCR was used to confirm and expand the transcriptome analysis. HDTHIR4, HDTEDS1, and HDTPAD4 showed the highest upregulation in response to Hv and Uv inoculation, confirming a similar trend in host and nonhost resistance in HDT. HIR and EDS1/PAD4 gene families were characterized for the first time in the three available Coffea genomes. HIR genes were quite conserved between Coffea species. Surprisingly, EDS1 and PAD4 genes revealed major differences in gene structure. The PAD4 predicted protein from C. arabica does not include both conserved domains of the EDS1/PAD4 family, and the EDS1 putative protein from C. canephora includes a formin domain unusual in the same protein family. The variability shown by EDS1/PAD4 gene family may impact the disease resistance response of Coffea species, which can be surveyed for the gene sequences that will produce a more resistant phenotype.
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Yau Xin, Y., and B. V. S. Lokesh. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN IN TABLETS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FTIR WITH FULL SPECTRUM PLS ALGORITHM." INDIAN DRUGS 56, no. 10 (2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.56.10.11932.
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Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) is widely used globally to treat pain, rheumatic fever and inflammation since more than a century. It is also a prototypical molecule categorized as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, that could be widely used to reduce the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis in long term therapy. Various ASA formulations are available in the market and estimation of their quantity and efficacy is of utmost importance since it is largely being produced by many pharmaceutical companies all over the world. Literature is supported with many analytical methods using UV-visible spectrophotometer, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography integrated with mass spectrometer (LC-MS), UHPLCMS/MS, Gas chromatography, electrochemical and titrimetric methods. In this study, an Attenuated total Reflectance Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method was developed for the estimation of ASA in tablets and validated as per ICH guidelines. The calibration curve was constructed on peak height location at a specific wavenumber of 1750 cm-1 (Strong c=O stretching vibration of ASA) in the concentration range from 1-100 (%w/w) with a correlation coefficient of 1.000. the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.94 (%w/w) and 0.31 (%w/w), respectively. the method was found to be precise over a range of 10- 100%, with intra-day and inter-day precision values were estimated as 0.94 and 8.26 respectively. The percentage of mean recovery was estimated at 103.04 ±2.58 with margin of error (± 2.50%) at 95% confidence interval. This new method was used for the quantification of ASA in tablets and percentage of labeled amount was found within the range of 103.04 ±2.58. No significant interference was observed by excipients in the tablet formulation during the spectral analysis.
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Ramos, Paweł, and Barbara Pilawa. "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Examination of Free Radical Formation in Salicylic Acid and Urea Exposed to UV Irradiation." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7235305.
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Free radicals formed by UV irradiation of the two magistral formulas applied on the skin, salicylic acid and urea, were examined by X-band (9.3 GHz) EPR spectroscopy. The influence of the time of UVA (315–400 nm) irradiation on free radical properties and concentrations in the drug samples was determined. The nonirradiated magistral formula did not contain free radicals. Amplitudes (A) and linewidths (ΔBpp) of EPR spectra were analysed. Fast spin-lattice relaxation process existed in the tested drugs. UV irradiation did not change spin-lattice interactions in the tested magistral formula. Concentrations of free radicals formed by UV irradiation in salicylic acid and urea were ~1017–1018 spins/g. The strongest formation of free radicals under UV irradiation was observed for salicylic acid than for urea. Free radical concentration in salicylic acid increased with the increase of UV irradiation time from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, and after its value remained unchanged. The increase of free radical concentration in urea with UV irradiation time was stated. Salicylic acid is characterized with higher photosensitivity than urea. Salicylic acid, urea, and the skin treated by them should not be stored on UV exposure. The usefulness of EPR spectroscopy to optimize storage conditions of recipe drugs was conformed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uv spectrum of salicylic acid"
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Alsoufi, Abdulwadood. "Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on triterpenoid biosynthesis in marigold (Calendula offinicalis) in vitro hairy root cultures." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2712.
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Plant in vitro cultures can be considered as an important and efficient tool for many purposes, including controlled production of valuable natural products, as well as useful experimental systems for studying regulatory mechanisms of plant development and metabolism. Two lines of Calendula officinalis in vitro hairy root culture, obtained as a result of transformation with the wild type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834, were subjected to elicitation by different biotic and abiotic factors in the context of possible stimulation of biosynthesis, accumulation and secretion of triterpenoids. Selected biotic (jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan) and abiotic (heavy metals, ultrasound, UV radiation) elicitors were applied in different concentration, intensities and duration of exposure. Some of applied elicitors are supposed to mimic the stress factors or conditions occurring in natural environment and triggering a complex network of reactions leading to specific metabolic changes. The obtained results showed the diverse efficiency of various factors in stimulation of triterpenoid biosynthesis/accumulation and saponin secretion in Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures. Among all tested elicitors, jasmonic acid was the most effective, increasing both the accumulation of oleanolic acid saponins in the hairy root tissue (20-fold) and particularly effectively the secretion of these compounds to the medium (113-fold). In turn, despite to 12-fold increase of saponin secretion, the advantage of the use of heavy metals as elicitors is debatable according to the harmful influence on the hairy root growth and the visible changes in their morphology and branching. The relationship between primary and secondary metabolism (represented respectively by sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes), modifications of compositional profile and fluctuations in triterpenoid content as a response or adaptation to stress were monitored in performed experiments. The symptoms of the competition between biosynthetic pathways of sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids were the most visible in response of Calendula hairy roots to stimulation with biotic elicitors: jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and chitosan, whereas less evident in reactions to abiotic stressors, particularly UV radiation that caused the increase of the content of all investigated groups of triterpenoids. Heavy metals seem to disturb deeply the triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway since their influence includes modifications concerning not only the switch between sterols and pentacyclic compounds, but also the significant changes in the sterol profile. The performed study shows that Calendula officinalis in vitro hairy root culture can serve as a model system to investigate the regulation of the production and secretion of oleanolic acid saponins as well as for investigation of metabolic changes in plant response to stress imitated by chosen elicitors.<br>Roślinne kultury in vitro mogą być wykorzystywane do wielu celów, między innymi do kontrolowanej produkcji wartościowych metabolitów, a także jako modele doświadczalne do badania mechanizmów regulacyjnych procesów wzrostu i rozwoju oraz metabolizmu roślin. Dwie linie korzeni włośnikowatych nagietka Calendula officinalis, otrzymanych w wyniku transformacji przy pomocy Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 (szczep dziki), poddano elicytacji różnymi czynnikami biotycznymi i abiotycznymi w celu stymulacji procesów biosyntezy, nagromadzania i sekrecji triterpenoidów. Wybrane elicytory biotyczne (kwas jasmonowy, salicylowy i chitozan) oraz abiotyczne (jony metali ciężkich, ultradźwięki, promieniowanie UV) stosowano w różnych stężeniach, natężeniu i czasie działania. Niektóre ze stosowanych elicytorów miały imitować warunki stresu występujące w naturalnym środowisku i uruchomić reakcje prowadzące do specyficznych zmian metabolicznych. Otrzymane wyniki wykazały różną skuteczność badanych czynników w stymulacji biosyntezy i akumulacji triterpenoidów w kulturach korzeni włośnikowatych oraz wydzielania przez nie saponin. Kwas jasmonowy okazał się najbardziej efektywnym elicytorem, stymulującym zarówno nagromadzanie saponin kwasu oleanolowego w tkankach korzeni włośnikowatych (12 razy), jak i wydzielanie tych związków do pożywki (113 razy). Pomimo 12-krotnego zwiększenia sekrecji saponin, jony metali ciężkich wydają się nie być dobrymi elicytorami, gdyż jednocześnie powodują zahamowanie wzrostu korzeni i widoczne zmiany w ich morfologii i sposobie rozgałęziania. Podczas przeprowadzanych eksperymentów obserwowano także zależności między pierwotnym i wtórnym metabolizmem (reprezentowanym odpowiednio przez sterole i triterpenoidy pentacykliczne) oraz modyfikacje składu i zawartości triterpenoidów towarzyszące odpowiedzi na stres. Działanie elicytorów biotycznych (kwasu jasmonowego, salicylowego, chitozanu) wywołuje współzawodnictwo szlaków biosyntezy steroli i triterpenoidów pentacyklicznych, które nie jest tak wyraźnie widoczne przy działaniu czynników abiotycznych, zwłaszcza po elicytacji promieniowaniem UV, gdy nastąpił wzrost zawartości wszystkich badanych grup triterpenoidów. Jony metali ciężkich wydają się silnie zaburzać szlak biosyntezy triterpenoidów, gdyż powodują modyfikacje dotyczące nie tylko współzawodnictwa między sterolami i triterpenoidami pentacyklicznymi, ale także zmiany w profilu steroli. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że kultury korzeni włośnikowatych nagietka mogą służyć jako model do badań regulacji biosyntezy i wydzielania saponin kwasu oleanolowego oraz zmian metabolicznych zachodzących w odpowiedzi na czynniki stresowe.
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Дашенко, Ірина Олегівна. "Спектральні характеристики похідних лактату та хінолін-4-тіолу". Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/1420.
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Дашенко І. О. Спектральні характеристики похідних лактату та хінолін-4-тіолу : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 102 "Хімія " / наук. керівник В. І. Генчева. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 64 с.<br>UA : В роботі 64 сторінок, 5 таблиць, 26 рисунків, було використано
69 літературних джерела, із них 36 іноземною мовою.
Об’єкт дослідження – спектральні характеристики похідних лактату та хінолін-4-тіолу.
Метою даної роботи є синтез та вивчення фізико-хімічних властивостей та спектральних характеристик похідних 2-гідрокси-(2-метилхінолін-4-ілтіо) пропанової кислоти з широким спектром потенційної біологічної дії. Методи досліджень та апаратура – теоретичний, експериментальний, розрахунковий, терези, хімічний посуд, водяна та піщана баня, пакети програмного забезпечення ACD-I-Labs, ChemBioOffice, PASS та GUSAR.
Розраховано фізико-хімічні показники та біологічна активність отриманих сполук за допомогою пакету програмного забезпечення ACD-I-Labs, ChemBioOffice, PASS та GUSAR.
В ІЧ-спектрі 3-(2-метилхінолін-4-ілтіо)-2-гідроксипропанової кислоти крім смуг поглинання, зафіксована виражена смуга при 2800 та 3400 см-1, що підтверджує наявність –ОН групи.
Досліджено хромато-масс спектри та виявлено характерний молекулярний іон при мас-розпаді.
Проаналізовано теоретичні 1Н ЯМР-спектри досліджуваних сполук та порівняно з експериментальними.
Визначено, що метиловий естер 2-гідрокси-(2-метилхінолін-4-ілтіо) пропанової кислоти має максимуми поглинання УФ-спектру в області від 230 до 345 нм та від 263 до 340 нм для розчину натрієвої солі 2-гідрокси-3-(2-метилхінолін-4-ілтіо)пропанової кислоти.<br>EN : 64 pages, 5 tables, 26 figures are in this paper. 69 references, including
35 foreign language were used.
The object of study – spectral characteristics of lactate and quinoline-4-thiol derivatives.
The aim of this work is to study the synthesis and study of physicochemical properties and spectral characteristics of 2-hydroxy- (2-methylquinoline-4-ylthio) propanoic acid derivatives with a wide range of potential biological action. Research methods and apparatus – theoretical, experimental, experienced, scales, chemical utensils, water and sand baths, software packages ACD-I-Labs, ChemBioOffice, PASS and GUSAR.
In the infrared spectrum of 3- (2-methylquinoline-4-ilthio) -2-hydroxypropanoic acid, in addition to the absorption bands, a pronounced band at 2800 and 3400 cm-1 is recorded, which confirms the presence of the –OH group.
The chromato-mass spectra were investigated and a characteristic molecular ion at mass decay was detected.
Theoretical 1H NMR spectra of the studied compounds were analyzed and compared with the experimental ones.
It has been determined that 2-hydroxy-(2-methylquinoline-4-ilthio) propanoic acid methyl ester has UV absorption maxima in the range of 230 to 345 nm and 263 to 340 nm for a solution of the sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-3-( 2-methylquinoline-4-ilthio) propanoic acid.
Book chapters on the topic "Uv spectrum of salicylic acid"
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Choudhary, Krishna Kumar, Suruchi Singh, Madhoolika Agrawal, and S. B. Agrawal. "Role of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acid Signaling in Plants Under UV-B Stress." In Jasmonates and Salicylates Signaling in Plants. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75805-9_3.
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Inanabor Isibor, Joshua. "Synthesis of Dyes and the Textile Industry." In Dye Chemistry - Exploring Colour From Nature to Lab. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005497.
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In a country like Nigeria, the textile and chemical industry have experienced a regrettable decline and deterioration in the last two decades. This should be a major concern to the industrialist, chemist, governments and all other stakeholders in the industry. This chapter seeks to explain some basic processes in the synthesis of some dyes (Azo Dyes) with different colours from a single aniline compound-2,4-dichlorophenyl aniline (diazo component) severally reacted with five different coupling agents, namely: Phenol, Salicylic acid, 1-Naphthol, Resorcinol and Aniline, in the appropriate acidic and basic media to synthesise five different azo dyes. Cellulosic fabrics were successfully dyed with the synthesised dyes. The dyes showed good light and wash fastness properties on the cellulosic fabrics, which showed they have good affinity for such materials. The percentage yield, melting point, chromatography and refractive index, as well as UV-Visible Spectroscopic analysis were rightly carried out and reported. The synthesised dyes were also recommended for commercialization.
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Dalton, David R. "The Leaf." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0016.
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Grape leaves are thin and flat. As is common among leaves in general, they are composed of different sets of specialized cells. Today, on average, sunlight reaching their surface is about 4% ultraviolet (UV) (<400 nm), 52% infrared (IR) (>750 nm) and 44% visible (VIS) radiation. Little of the UV and IR are used by plants. As with other leaves that are green, only the red and blue ends of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed, thus leaving green available by reflection and transmission. On the surface of the leaf (Figure 8.1), the cells of the outermost layer (the epidermis) are designed to protect the inner cells where the workings needed for gathering the sunlight used for photosynthesis and other chemistry necessary to the life of the plant are found. That is, the more delicate cells, beneath the epidermis, are involved in production of carbohydrates as well as the movement of nutrients in and products out of the leaf. The epidermis, exposed to the atmosphere, has cells that are usually thicker and are covered by a waxy layer made up of long- chain carboxylic acids that have hydroxyl groups (–OH) at or near their termini. These so-called omega hydroxy acids can then form esters using the hydroxyl group of one and the carboxylic acid of the next. This yields long-chain polyester polymers called “cutin.” As indicated in the earlier discussion of cells and, in particular, regarding the fatty acids of cell walls, the fatty acids found in the epidermis generally consist of an even number of carbon atoms, and for cutin, the sixteen carbon (palmitic acid) family (Figure 8.2) and the eighteen carbon family (oleic acid bearing a double bond or the saturated analogue stearic acid) are common. While one terminal hydroxyl group is usual (e.g., 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, 18-hydroxyoleic acid, or its saturated analogue 18-hydroxystearic acid) more than one (allowing for cross-linking) is not uncommon (e.g., 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearic acid).
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Perumal, P., B. Vignesh Babu, S. Manimegalai, G. Kanthimathi, and A. Prrithiba. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA AND AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 7. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs7p4ch1.
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Sesbania grandiflora (linn), a member of the leguminosae family, is frequently planted in Tropical nations for its delectable blooms and pods. This fast-growing herb, commonly known As "chowlai," belongs to the amaranthaceae family and is extensively cultivated in asia, Africa, and latin america. In South India, it is a popular leaf vegetable. This pseudo cereal Has gained significance as a staple food due to its resilience to pests, drought, and hot Climates, requiring minimal maintenance for cultivation. In ayurveda, the entire plant and its Preparations are utilized to treat various illnesses and disorders. Sesbania grandiflora is Employed in herbal medicine for its antibacterial, anthelmintic, anti-tumor, and contraceptive Properties, showcasing some unique medicinal effects. Utilizing the soxhlet extraction Method, the fine powder of the plant materials is collected to extract the crude medicine using Various solvents. Phytochemical examination reveals the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, Phenols, sugars, saponins, flavonoids, and quinines, as evidenced by their positive reactions With specific test reagents.several medicinal plants, including sesbania grandiflora, are Known to contain phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, Asiaticosides, brahmic acid, asiatic acid, steroids, glycosides, and rosmarinic acid. These Compounds may contribute to scavenging free radicals and enhancing antioxidant activities, According to previous studies. Uv-vis spectrum analysis and ft-ir analysis of sesbania Grandiflora and amaranthus viridis confirm their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, Suggesting their potential use in folk medicine.
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Dasari, Anjali, Srikanth Rachakonda, Veluru Sridevi, and Husam Talib Hamzah. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 17. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs17p3ch4.
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In this study, a chemical processing scheme was employed to recover silver metal from waste radiographic films, utilizing a simple and eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The process involved dissolving the films in 1N nitric acid (HNO3) solution at 90°C for approximately 1 hour, converting silver into silver nitrate (AgNO3(aq)). The obtained aqueous silver nitrate (1mM) was derived through the extraction of X-ray sheets. Subsequently, the aqueous silver ions were exposed to leaf broth of Psidium guajava as a reductant, leading to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The UV-Vis spectrophotometer revealed observed peaks in a broad spectrum ranging from 390 nm to 450 nm wavelength. TEM analysis indicated that the size of the silver nanoparticles ranged from 30 nm to 60 nm. Silver has long been acknowledged for its inhibitory effects on microbes in medical and industrial processes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the production of pure silver nanoparticles, known for their enhanced efficiency compared to silver ions. Silver nanoparticles are particularly attractive due to their non-toxic nature at low concentrations and broad-spectrum antibacterial actions. To facilitate this research, a chemical treatment of X-ray sheets was employed to extract silver nitrate, and the subsequent green synthesis of silver nanoparticles showcased promising results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were then tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, exhibiting an average zone of inhibition ranging from 20 mm to 30 mm. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed method for environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle synthesis with significant applications in various fields.
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Chebwogen, Judith, and Christopher Mkirema Maghanga. "Fabrication and Characterization of Cobalt-Pigmented Anodized Zinc for Photocatalytic Application." In Thin Films. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93790.
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Population growth and urbanization have led to water scarcity and pollution, which is a health hazard not only to humans but also to the ecosystem in general. This has necessitated coming up with ways of treating water before consumption. Photocatalysis has proved to be one of the most promising cheap techniques that involve chemical utilization of solar energy. TiO2 widely used in photocatalysis absorbs a narrow range of the solar spectrum compared to ZnO. In this regard, this study aimed at preparing and optimizing cobalt-pigmented ZnO, which is applicable in photocatalytic water treatment. The objectives in this study were to fabricate zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films by anodization, pigment the fabricated films with varying cobalt concentrations, characterize the fabricated films optically, and investigate the cobalt-pigmented ZnO’s performance in the methylene blue degradation under UV light irradiation. Mirror-polished zinc plates were sonicated in ethanol and rinsed. Anodization was done at room temperature in 0.5 M oxalic acid at a constant voltage of 10 V for 60 min, and cobalt electrodeposited in the films. Post-deposition treatment was done at 250°C. Optical properties of the films were studied using a UV-VIS- NIR spectrophotometer in the solar range of 300–2500 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the fabricated films was studied in methylene blue solution degradation in the presence of UV light irradiation for 5 h. Cobalt pigmenting was observed to reduce reflectance and optical band gap from 3.34 to 3.10 eV indicating good photocatalytic properties. In this study, ZnO film pigmented with cobalt for 20 s was found to be the most photocatalytic with a rate constant of 0.0317 h−1 and hence had the optimum cobalt concentration for photocatalytic water treatment. This can be applied in small-scale water purification.
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Gaspar, Sandra Ávila, Rayssa de Macedo Rebelo, Alexandre dos Santos Pyrrho, Simone da Silva, Marcia Cristina Braga Nunes Varricchio, and Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso. "Potential plastic digestor of Euphorbia Tirucalli." In Engineering and its advancements. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.004-018.
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Natural products that cause oxidative stress and even local corrosion are of interest as degrading products of materials persistent in nature, such as plastic. This chapter evaluated the corrosive and shrinkage physicochemical action of total aqueous extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli, a species described as corrosive and shrinkage, from specimens with geographic variations (mangrove and mountains of Rio de Janeiro and the north coast of São Paulo) also subjected to temperature variations, on polypropylene (PP-5). This plastic is used on a daily basis and can be subjected to reuse processes. In the present experiment, aqueous extracts were prepared from temperature variations and their plant chemical productions were marked using high-performance liquid chromatography associated with the UV detection spectrum. Unlike previous tests, none of the extracts were capable of immediate extraction or digestion over 30 days. Only for the stems from Petrópolis (50%) and the north coast of São Paulo (33%) subjected to boiling was the activation of their gummy action observed, acting as glue on the PP-5. suggestive of natural polymerization for cellulose. Despite the observations regarding the potential practical, useful and cheap application of this test, it was evident that the raw latexes from the geographical regions tested at different temperatures were not capable of chemically digesting isopropylene, thus suggesting that the enzyme capable of digesting this plastic effectively participates when the endophytic fungus present in this species finds favorable conditions to develop as previously discussed. Phytopathology tests confirmed the biological effects verified through the roots of E. tirucalli and subsequently, new cultivars developed followed the variation in the release of cyanuric acid into the test environment, marking interest since cyanuric acid can play a role in recovery soil, in addition to being a herbicide, insecticide and being able to reduce contamination by gram-negative fecal coliforms in water, especially Escherichia coli. Based on this contribution, new tests will be carried out in order to investigate mechanisms of action in phytoremediation, comparing them with those already preliminarily evidenced and communicated. A specific protocol has been developed in Plant Biotechnology, as these jobs have the possibility of useful and profitable application in reuse, to be carried out by small solid waste recyclers. It will also aim at autonomy for ethnic groups in urban situations, as well as promoting environmental sustainability.
Conference papers on the topic "Uv spectrum of salicylic acid"
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Li, Bulang, Kerry M. Hanson, and John D. Simon. "A Femtosecond Absorption Study of Skin’s Ultraviolet Chromophore: Urocanic Acid." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.fa.7.
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Urocanic Acid (trans) is a metabolic product of histidine and accumulates in the epidermis as a result of the absence of the enzyme urocanase in the upper layer of the skin1. Trans-urocanic acid absorbs in both the UVA and UVB regions (Fig. 1) and is proposed to be a major ultraviolet protection agent in the skin because its absorption spectrum covers a similar wavelength region as DNA2,3. The entire physiological implications of urocanic acid are, however, more complicated. Upon exposure to UVA and UVB radiation, trans-urocanic acid isomerizes into cis-urocanic acid (Scheme 1), and the latter has been reported to be a mediator for UV induced immunosuppression4 and is also a suspected carcinogen.
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N, Nandha Kumar, Christin Jenifer A, Kathirvel D, and Kanchana G. "Effect of FeCl3, CoCl3, and NiCl3 on the Properties of Sulphamic Acid Single Crystals." In The Second National Conference on Emerging Materials for Sustainable Future. Asian Research Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ara24110.
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The slow evaporation approach was used to create both pure Sulphamic single crystals and doped Sulphamic acid single crystals with FC, CC, and NC at room temperature. The orthorhombic system of their crystal structures was verified by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Their vibrational modes were determined by spectrum analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and FT-RAMAN. Studies on UV-Vis-NIR absorption were carried out to comprehend the optical behavior. The impurity on the absorption was detected at 365 nm, 395.75 nm, and 384.43 nm for pure and doped crystals, respectively, based on the PL spectra.
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Nikolić, Milica G., A. Ranđelović, Dragan M. Đorđević, and Goran M. Nikolić. "THE INFLUENCE OF Mn(II) IONS ON THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM PROLONGED AUTOXIDATION OF CATECHOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION." In 17th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry. Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46793/phys.chem24i.345n.
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The process of autoxidation of catechol in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 in the absence and in the presence of manganese (II) ions was observed for five days. UV-Vis spectra recorded during this period revealed that Mn (II) ions greatly enhance the rate of autoxidation process. The presence of metal ions also resulted in the formation of larger quantity of product. Obtained materials were characterized using FTIR and ESR spectroscopy. FTIR spectra confirmed that polymerization has occurred during autoxidation of catechol in both systems. The ESR data revealed that both autoxidation products contain oxygen-centered radicals. A retention of a low amount of Mn (II) ions in the product was also established from the ESR spectrum. According to the literature, products of catechol autoxidation studied in this paper resemble the characteristics of natural and synthetic humic acid-like substances.
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Baba, Waqas, and Sajid Maqsood. "Enhancing techno-functional and bioactive properties of whey proteins by conjugation with quercetin using combined treatment of redox pair and ultrasonication." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jtxr7155.
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Camel whey-quercetin conjugates were fabricated via free radicals using a combination of ultrasonication treatment and a redox-pair (ascorbic acid/H2O2). Conjugation of whey with quercetin was confirmed using UV-Vis. spectroscopy, FTIR and SDS-PAGE. UV-Visible spectroscopy showed a bathochromic shift and appearance of a hump around ≈350 nm (absent in whey sample) that can be attributed to binding of quercetin with whey protein. As indicated by FTIR, the association of whey with quercetin took place via covalent (appearance of new peak at 3399 cm-1) as well as noncovalent linkages (shift-ing of peak at 3271 cm-1, 1655 cm-1 (amide I), 1534 cm-1 and 1422 cm-1 (Amide II). The appearance of new peaks in UV-Visible spectroscopy and FTIR of conjugates was resolved using a second derivative of the spectrum. Reducing SDS-PAGE revealed shifting of protein bands towards higher molecular weight due to increase in the mass of conjugates that can be attributed to covalent conjugation between whey and quercetin. A significant improvement in the functionality and bioac-tive properties was witnessed after conjugation of whey with quercetin. Ultrasonication improved the emulsifying and foaming properties while a combination of ultrasonication and redox pair method enhanced the antioxidant properties. Moreover, conjugated samples showed higher inhibition of enzymatic markers involved in diabetes (α-amylase & DPP-IV) and obesity (cholesterol esterase & lipase) with highest potential recorded for conjugates produced using ultrasonication only. Therefore, ultrasonication can be successfully used individually as well as in combination with redox-pair for produc-tion of whey-quercetin conjugates with enhanced bioactive and techno-functional properties.
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Wang, Siqi, Colin P. McCoy, Gavin P. Andrews, Matthew Wylie, and Yi Ge. "Developing Functional Carbon-Dots Based Nanomaterials for Bacterial Inhibition." In 5th World Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and 5th World Conference on Advanced Materials, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-970328-7-5-007.
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Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging nanomaterials, attracting increasing attention due to their exceptional properties, such as good biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, versatile functionalization capabilities, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes position CDs and CD-based nanomaterials as promising candidates for various biomedical applications. This study focuses on the development of functional CD-based nanomaterials conjugated with a photosensitizer Chlorin E6 to enhance bacterial inhibition. By employing a novel microwave-assisted approach, we successfully fabricated N-doped CDs from diverse carbon sources various carbon sources (e.g. citric acid, ascorbic acid, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), spermidine and urea). Characterized through various analytical techniques including UV, fluorescence, FT-IR, TEM, DLS, and XRD, the resulting CDs demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA. Remarkably, upon conjugation with Chlorin E6, these functional nanomaterials exhibited significantly enhanced antimicrobial efficacy under light exposure. At a concentration of merely 10 μg/mL, the conjugated CDs completely eradicated S. aureus and showed a substantial increase in inhibitory action against E. coli. Cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT cells indicated low toxicity, with cell viability above 80% for concentrations below 200 mg/mL. Our findings have revealed the great potential of these microwave-synthesized and photosensitizer-conjugated CDs in biomedicine, highlighting their applicability in photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. The profound antibacterial activity under light exposure opens new avenues for developing more efficient and cost-effective antimicrobial nanomaterials.
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Wang, Siqi, Colin P. McCoy, Gavin P. Andrews, Matthew Wylie, and Yi Ge. "Development of Antibacterial Carbon Dots by Using a One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Approach." In 5th World Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and 5th World Conference on Advanced Materials, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-970328-7-5-018.
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Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention for their exceptional properties including high biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and versatile functionalization capabilities. These characteristics make CDs and carbon-dot-based nanomaterials promising candidates for various biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a novel microwave-assisted method to produce broad-spectrum antibacterial CDs, offering a cost-effective and green alternative to traditional synthesis. Using citric acid, ascorbic acid, tetraethylenepentamine, spermidine, and urea as carbon sources, N-doped CDs were synthesized at 200°C with 800W power, followed by purification via centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. The resulting CDs were characterized by UV, FL, FT-IR, TEM, DLS and XRD. The agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method were employed to test and determine their activities of bacterial growth inhibition via MIC and MBC assays against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The time-kill kinetics assays of CDs against those three strains were conducted to investigate their antibacterial effect upon time. The CDs demonstrated significant inhibition, with MIC values of 0.625mg/mL for S. aureus and MRSA, and 1.250mg/mL for E. coli. Cytotoxicity tests on HaCaT cells showed over 80% viability at concentrations below 200 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of microwave-synthesized CDs in biomedicine and pharmaceutical science, with future research to explore their antibacterial mechanisms and applications in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.
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LIMA, Sara da Silva, Francico Mayron de Sousa SILVA, Vicente Galber VIANA, Luiz Fernando Meneses CARVALHO, and Livio Cesar Cunha NUNES. "EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIXIN (BIXA ORELLANA L.): CLINICAL IMPACT AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." In Second Southern Science Conference - 2024. Araucária - Associação Científica, 2024. https://doi.org/10.48141/sscon_23_2024.pdf.
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The annatto plant (Bixa orellana L.), from the Bixaceae family, is widely recognized as the source of the most used natural dye in the world. The extracts obtained from its fruits can be water-soluble or fat-soluble, positioning annatto as one of the main natural products for the food industry, besides its applications in pharmacology, cosmetics, and technology. Carotenoids extracted from annatto are vulnerable to degradation when exposed to light, high temperatures, or sulfur dioxide. This degradation can compromise the effectiveness of carotenoids, which demonstrate significant potential in clinical treatments. Bixin, one of the main compounds extracted from annatto seeds, can contribute to reducing cholesterol levels, preventing cardiovascular diseases, decreasing inflammation in lung injuries, influencing motor activity in mice, and inhibiting gastric secretion without impacting acid production. Additionally, bixin presents antispasmodic and hypotensive properties, potentially improving health and well-being, especially when applied in biomedical devices. The analysis of bixin by UV-visible spectroscopy, in the range of 200 to 900 nm, using chloroform as a solvent, indicated that the peaks observed in the spectrum vary according to the solvent used. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a band between 772.4 and 778.8 cm?¹, associated with hydrogen vibration of a cis-C-CH=CH-C structure, with a strong peak at 754 cm?¹. The presence of a peak at 1159 cm?¹ strongly suggests the cis structure of bixin. Future studies are fundamental to deepen the understanding of how these characteristics influence the efficacy and safety of bixin in specific applications.
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Visileanu, Emilia, Elena Perdum, Laurentiu Dinca, Adrian Salistean, Felicia Dondea, and Razvan Scarlat. "Advanced materials with infrared camouflage properties." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004910.
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Nowadays, textile materials with a protective role must ensure the body's defence against a multitude of threats and fulfil a variety of functional requirements. In particular, textile products intended for military applications require durability, resistance to ballistic threats and environmental conditions (eg, ultraviolet (UV) light, moisture, fire, heat and wind), comfort, etc. In addition, these materials must provide camouflage in various ambient conditions at a wide range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum such as the near-infrared (NIR) region (750–1200 nm) and far infrared (FIR) (3–5 and 8–14 μm).For the experiments, 3 types of yarns were used with a length density of 49.35 x 1 (20.26 /1) Tex (Nm) - 100% cotton yarn, 19.64 x 2 (50.92 / 2) Tex (Nm) - 100% PA yarn and 20.38 x 2 (49.07 /2) Tex (Nm) - 100% PES yarn. Textile structures in plain weave and ripstop weave (Rips I and Rips II) characterized by tear and abrasion resistance were designed and produced on the STB 2-212 weaving machine. After the finishing operation, the 100% cotton textile structure was treated by impregnation with 70 g/l ITOBINDER AG or 70 g/l PERMUTEX after alkaline boiling phases (8 ml/l caustic soda 38 0 Be, 3 g/l carbonic soda, 3 g/l trisodium phosphate, 2 g/l Kemapon PC/LF; 1,5 ml/l Seghion PC/LF), 4 washes, acidulation: 1 ml/l acetic acid (15 min), rinsing, free drying. The Rips I and Rips II variants have been film-coated on one side by scraping with acrylate paste. The printing samples were made by screen printing technology using water-based inks of the NEWTEX TRANSPARENT HD 10 type and Chromatex HD-10 pigments on automatic machines - carousel type, multi-colour, intermediate drying, Alfa Plus. Reflectance indices and curves were determined using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer in the wavelength ranges 860-1200 nm and 1000-1200 nm.To characterize the variability of the reflectivity index of 100% cotton textile structures, Rips I and Rips II, specific descriptive statistical methods were used. Histogram and box-plot graphs were plotted.Assessment of colour difference was carried out after light fastness, alkaline sweat, acid sweat, water and wash tests for the predominant colours of the camouflage colour printed fabric variants. The lightfastness test was performed after 100 hours of exposure on the XENOTEST APOLLO JAMES HEAL machine and colour differences were identified on the HunterLab machine. K/S and reflectance/transmittance (R/T) remission curves were drawn. L*, a*, b* parameters were calculated and interpreted in comparison with the control variants and the colours were fitted into trigonometric quadrants after each resistance test.The colour combination for the samples was made using Optitex pattern design and 3D simulation software (Gina 1 and Gina 2). The determination of the average reflectance was carried out by applying a specific procedure. The following were identified: colour designator, range of colour reflectance, the proportion of area covered by colour in the investigated area, the area covered by colour in the investigated area. To assess the degree of reflectance of each colour in the whole spectral band (860-1200) the median values were calculated.Regression coefficients have been calculated allowing the calculation of the reflectance index at any wavelength in the measured range. In the wavelength range 860-1200 nm all colours in the Gina 1 and Gina 2 structure show reflectance indices between -2.82% (black colour - Gina 2) and 57.68% (green colour - Gina 2). The exception is the beige colour with 92.36% (Gina 1) and 76.49% (Gina 2). In the wavelength range 1000-1200 nm, only the beige colour shows reflectance values >70%, respectively: 89.98% (Gina 1) and 74.25% (Gina 2).The weighted average values of the total reflectance index as a function of the weight of colours in the structures are very good with values <70%, respectively: 35.62% (Gina 1) and 31.48% (Gina 2) in the wavelength range 860-1200 nm and 35.30% (Gina 1) and 32.70% (Gina 2) in the wavelength range 1000-1200 nm.
Reports on the topic "Uv spectrum of salicylic acid"
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Woloschak, G. E., J. Panozzo, C. R. Libertin, and S. Schreck. Salicylic acid inhibits UV- and Cis-Pt-induced human immunodeficiency virus expression. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10174895.
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Kloepper, Joseph W., and Ilan Chet. Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613039.bard.
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Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.
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Gal-On, Amit, Shou-Wei Ding, Victor P. Gaba, and Harry S. Paris. role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in plant virus defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597919.bard.
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Objectives: Our BARD proposal on the impact of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) in plant defense against viruses was divided into four original objectives. 1. To examine whether a high level of dsRNA expression can stimulate RDR1 transcription independent of salicylic acid (SA) concentration. 2. To determine whether the high or low level of RDR1 transcript accumulation observed in virus resistant and susceptible cultivars is associated with viral resistance and susceptibility. 3. To define the biogenesis and function of RDR1-dependent endogenous siRNAs. 4. To understand why Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) can overcome RDR1-dependent resistance. The objectives were slightly changed due to the unique finding that cucumber has four different RDR1 genes. Background to the topic: RDR1 is a key plant defense against viruses. RDR1 is induced by virus infection and produces viral and plant dsRNAs which are processed by DICERs to siRNAs. siRNAs guide specific viral and plant RNA cleavage or serve as primers for secondary amplification of viral-dsRNA by RDR. The proposal is based on our preliminary results that a. the association of siRNA and RDR1 accumulation with multiple virus resistance, and b. that virus infection induced the RDR1-dependent production of a new class of endogenous siRNAs. However, the precise mechanisms underlying RDR1 induction and siRNA biogenesis due to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We found that in the cucurbit family (cucumber, melon, squash, watermelon) there are 3-4 RDR1 genes not documented in other plant families. This important finding required a change in the emphasis of our objectives. We characterized 4 RDR1s in cucumber and 3 in melon. We demonstrated that in cucumber RDR1b is apparently a new broad spectrum virus resistance gene, independent of SA. In melon RDR1b is truncated, and therefore is assumed to be the reason that melon is highly susceptible to many viruses. RDR1c is dramatically induced due to DNA and RNA virus infection, and inhibition of RDR1c expression led to increased virus accumulation which suggested its important on gene silencing/defense mechanism. We show that induction of antiviral RNAi in Arabidopsis is associated with production of a genetically distinct class of virus-activated siRNAs (vasiRNAs) by RNA dependent RNA polymerase-1 targeting hundreds of host genes for RNA silencing by Argonaute-2. Production of vasiRNAs is induced by viruses from two different super groups of RNA virus families, targeted for inhibition by CMV, and correlated with virus resistance independently of viral siRNAs. We propose that antiviral RNAi activate broad-spectrum antiviral activity via widespread silencing of host genes directed by vasiRNAs, in addition to specific antiviral defense Implications both scientific and agricultural: The RDR1b (resistance) gene can now be used as a transcription marker for broad virus resistance. The discovery of vasiRNAs expands the repertoire of siRNAs and suggests that the siRNA-processing activity of Dicer proteins may play a more important role in the regulation of plant and animal gene expression than is currently known. We assume that precise screening of the vasiRNA host targets will lead in the near future for identification of plant genes associate with virus diseases and perhaps other pathogens.