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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'UVic Subject Index – Humanities and Social Sciences – History'
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1
Duder, Karen. "Spreading depths: lesbian and bisexual women in English Canada, 1910-1965." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3218.
Full textAbstract:
Most women who desired women in the period 1910-1965 did not have the identity categories “lesbian” and “bisexual” available to them. Even in this linguistic vacuum, however, many were able to explore same-sex relationships, to engage in physical sexual activity with women, and even to form community on the basis of same-sex desire and behaviour. How were they able to understand themselves in relation to the homophobic world in which they lived?
This dissertation examines the lives of lesbians and bisexual women in English Canada between 1910 and 1965, focusing particularly on the formation of subjectivity in relation to same-sex desires, relationships with partners and families of origin, sexual practices, and community. An analysis of oral testimonies, of journals, and of love letters shows that particular life events—the first awareness of same-sex attraction, physical exploration of that attraction, the finding of a language with which to describe same-sex desires and relationships, the first important same-sex relationship, and the finding of community—served as turning points in the formation of subjectivity. The story of that journey was later expressed as a linear and essentialist “coming out” narrative in which the individual triumphed over homophobia and ignorance and discovered her true self. That narrative structure is both understandable in the context of essentialist definitions of sexual orientation and a politically necessary one, given the need for a single identity category under which to campaign for legal and social recognition.
The two dominant formulations of same-sex relationships between women before 1965—the “romantic friendship” and the “butch-femme relationship”— have obscured and made culturally unintelligible the lives of lower middle-class lesbians and bisexual women who were neither politically active nor fighting publicly for urban lesbian space. This dissertation analyses the lives of this neglected group of women and argues that their subjectivities were constructed not only in relation to sexual attraction, but also in relation to class. Middle-class ideas of respectability and an antagonism to bar culture resulted in the formation of class-specific lesbian subjectivities.
This dissertation also suggests that women in same-sex relationships before the allegedly more liberal decades of the late twentieth century may actually have had slightly better relationships with families of origin than would later be the case. Greater adherence to notions of duty and obligation, fewer economic opportunities enabling women to live independently of family, the lack of a publicly available discourse of pathology with which families could define and reject their wayward daughters, and the lack of later notions of “alternative” lesbian families and community meant that many remained rather closer to their families than would lesbians after 1965.
2
Vernon, Karina J. "The black prairies: history, subjectivity, writing." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/896.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation contributes to the fields of Canadian literature and black cultural studies in Canada a new regional archive of literature, the black prairie archive. It unearths and brings critical attention, for the first time, to the unknown history and cultural production of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century black pioneer writers on the Canadian prairies, and connects this historical literature to the work of contemporary black prairie authors. The black prairie archive thus brings together one hundred and thirty five years of black writing on the prairies, from 1873-2008.
Theorized in terms of what Pierre Nora calls a lieu de mémoire, or a site of memory, the black prairie archive operates as a site of collective black-inflected memory on the prairies. It retrieves memory of a repressed but important black history and culture and brings it into consciousness of the present historical moment. In its ability to remember what has been repressed and forgotten, the archive functions as a literary counterhistory, calling attention to the aggressive exclusions and erasures involved in the historical, social, critical, and legal construction of the prairies as an ideological—not a geographic—space in relation to race.
In addition to bringing a new regional black literature to light, this study offers the black prairie archive as a discursive formation that points to a new methodology, a methodology capable of addressing the limits of certain critical debates in Canada. Specifically, it offers a strategy for theorizing black belonging and territoriality in terms other than the problematic metaphors of black indigeneity; for reading the regional particularities of black prairie literature and subjectivity; and for overcoming the impasse at the centre of black Canadian cultural studies, represented by the debate between Rinaldo Walcott and George Elliott Clarke, regarding which model, the archival or diasporic, best articulates the space of black Canada. The black prairie archive demonstrates how the archive can become a critical, activist, anti-national strategy for recovering repressed black histories, literatures, and presences.
3
Prior, Jonathan David. "Makers and their marks: the ancient function and modern usefulness of stamps on glass and ceramics." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3099.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the marking of Roman glass and ceramic vessels with stamps in the period from the first century B.C. through the second century A.D. The thesis establishes the context for the study of such makers' marks by first examining the early history of Roman glass. the changes brought on by the introduction of glassblowing, and the organization and working conditions of the industry. Next the thesis examines the roles played by stamps on glass in the ancient world. Then the organization and conditions of the ceramics industry are examined and the same questions are posed regarding the roles of stamps and what they can tell us. These stamps show us how the two industries were organized and reveal that Roman makers' marks served not only as proto-brand identifiers and artists signatures, but also as tools for industrial organization.
4
Thompson, Douglas Wilton. "A merry chase around the gift/bribe boundary." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1212.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis questions whether it is possible to locate a boundary between gift and bribe that can survive comparison across cultures and history. This question is addressed in a multidisciplinary way, engaging the literature on the current use and the history of the language of bribery, studies of gifting and reciprocity, and the anthropological and philosophical literature on relativism. The approach is non-linear—like a hound on a chase, stopping in medieval England, ancient Athens and various societies in the modern world.
It is concluded that if there is a universal gift/bribe boundary, it is likely based on a norm of reciprocity rather than on a foundation of assumptions that incorporate modern capitalism and Weberian bureaucracy. This implies that global anti-bribery initiatives, as presently conceived, are ill founded. An alternative account, founded on reciprocity and conventionalism, is postulated as a more secure foundation for locating a gift/bribe boundary.
5
Holman, Sayuri. "“Trying to be the man you’ve become”: negotiating marriage and masculinities among young, urban Fijian men married to non-Fijian women." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2030.
Full textAbstract:
While studies in masculinities and globalization are a rapidly growing field, few studies address the role of marriage in shaping masculinities. This project explores the emerging pattern of young, urban Fijian men who marry non-Fijian women and in doing so, challenge neo-traditional marriage formations and gender roles. In this particular project, I investigate how Fijian men experience these types of marriages with non-Fijian women and how they negotiate their masculinity within their marriages. I also explore how the confluence of colonial experiences, current globalization trends, and culture affect how these men understand their masculinity. I employ several methodologies including multiple interviews, participant observations, and visual anthropology methods. Through these methods, I explore how the relationship between Fijian men and non-Fijian women alters men’s experiences of masculinity and identity at the individual level. Results illustrate the importance of work in defining manhood, according to these men. As well, results suggest that the wives play a powerful role in influencing their husbands’ values with regards to work ethics and the general acceptance of global values. These relationships show the intersection and complexities that emerge between evolving ideas regarding masculinities and marriage, Fiji’s colonial experience and current global values.
6
Block, Tina Marie. "Everyday infidels: a social history of secularism in the postwar Pacific Northwest." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2125.
Full textAbstract:
Together, British Columbia and Washington State have constituted a uniquely secular region. Residents of the Pacific Northwest were (and are) far more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to reject or ignore religious institutions, and religion itself. Historians have devoted little attention to this phenomenon. This dissertation draws on a wide range of manuscript, quantitative, and oral history sources to interrogate the nature and meanings of Northwest secularism in the years between 1950 and the early 1970s. Scholars have typically depicted secularism as something produced and disseminated within institutions and by cultural elites. Inspired by the rich literature on popular and lived religion, this study departs from convention and explores secularism at the social and everyday level. It does not reveal any coherent doctrine of secularism, nor does it suggest that the Pacific Northwest was a region of atheists. Just as church involvement is not the sole measure of religiosity, atheism is not the singular expression of secularity. Northwesterners were secular in multiple, ambiguous, and contested ways - ways that did not exclude encounters with the sacred. This dissertation traces certain widely shared elements of secularism in the postwar Pacific Northwest, including an indifference towards organized religion, and ambivalence around personal religion and belief. Influenced by normative ideas of race. class, gender. and family, postwar religious and cultural commentators blamed the distinct irreligion of the Northwest on single, working-class men in the region. Northwest secularism also tended to be constructed as a problem
particular to whites in the region. In rejecting religion. white Northwesterners were seen as contravening dominant expectations of respectable whiteness. This study argues that Northwest irreligion was broadly based rather than anchored to a particular demographic group within the region. It challenges the assumption that secularity had little to do with women, the middle classes. and families. At the same time, this study also contends that class, race, gender, and family shaped and differentiated the meanings and experiences of religion and irreligion. For example. white, middle-class women in the Pacific Northwest were far less committed to organized religion, and religion itself, than their counterparts in other regions. However, in everyday life, secular women confronted and struggled against entrenched ideals of feminine and middle-class piety. On the other hand, working-class men were freer to behave in non-religious ways, since for them this behaviour conformed to, rather than contradicted, class and masculine norms. For men and women from all social locations, the deepest tensions around religion emerged in relations with family. The ambivalent secularism of the Northwest took shape in ordinary households, as people worked to reconcile their own secular impulses with family demands and expectations. Although they were secular in different ways, all social groups helped to produce and sustain the distinct irreligion of the Northwest. This dissertation argues that certain historical, demographic, and imaginative factors combined to broaden the possibilities for rejecting or avoiding religion in this cross-border region. While the region has been, and remains, a place of abundant spiritual energies, over time irreligion has become entwined in the myths and expectations of Northwest culture. This dissertation highlights the neglected intersections between geography and religion, and demonstrates the importance of place to secular and religious practice and identity.
7
Burns, Grant Alexander. "Green and Red between tensions and opportunities: a history of the formation of the West German Green Party, 1968-1981." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1817.
Full textAbstract:
In the West German federal election of 1983, the Green party won enough votes
to earn seats the Bundestag. The young party’s fame grew exponentially as a result and
they have become, arguably, the most well-known of all environmental parties. This
project explores the formation of the Greens. The Greens’ political identity is reassessed
by examining the party’s roots in the new social movements and the formation of the
party, regionally and federally. I contend that the Greens represent a political experiment
whose establishment as a parliamentary party was never certain. The Greens attempted
to integrate “postmaterialist” issues and grassroots organizational forms into the
traditional politics of the Federal Republic. This paper also establishes the opportunities
available for a new party within the context of the development of the left in post-war
West Germany.
8
McDonnell, Lytton Naegele. "Singing wet and dry: Exploring alcohol regulation through music, 1885–1919." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1302.
Full textAbstract:
Despite abundant research on the topic of temperance and prohibition in North America, very little has been written about the relationship between music and alcohol
regulation during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Both pro-drink (wet) cultures and anti-drink (dry) cultures amassed several hundred songs in support of their cause. This study compares these songs within the geographical context of Canada and northern North America during the years leading up to prohibition. It assesses both wet and dry songs’ relative success at attaching their causes to hegemonic ideologies, social
groups, technologies, and modes of organization. It concludes that, during the period in question, dry music was more adept in each of these respects. This study contributes to current scholarship by demonstrating that wet and dry cultures in North America cannot be completely understood without also studying their music.
9
Douglas, Tara. "Memories, myths and misconceptions : an analysis of dominant Zionist narratives formalized in the Israeli Declaration of Independence." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1276.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contends that from the inception of Zionist ideology until the formation of Israel, the Zionist leadership, through the skillful use of narratives and the process of articulating a specific position and constraining opposing narratives, has been highly effective in creating and molding the historic perspectives and collective memories which have shaped, and continue to shape, Jewish identity and experience in Palestine. This study argues that the Israeli Declaration of Independence of May 1948 formalized core Zionist narratives and national myths within Israeli national self-identity, while simultaneously promoting their acceptance among world Jewry and the international community. This paper also maintains that these key narratives were used to legitimize the attitudes and actions of the early Zionists, and later Israelis, towards the indigenous (and surrounding) Arab populations. The impact of these narratives and national myths on the Palestinian Arabs, the effects of which continue to reverberate, is particularly addressed.
10
Huebert, David B. "Outrunning silence: Adorno, Beckett, and the question of art after the Holocaust." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2999.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides a detailed examination of Theodor W. Adorno’s claim that “after Auschwitz all poetry is barbaric” in light of the greater framework of Adorno’s thinking on post-Holocaust art. Because Adorno takes Samuel Beckett as the exemplary post-Auschwitz artist, I examine two of Beckett’s early post World War II plays – Endgame and Krapp’s Last Tape – insofar as these works embody the task for art after the Shoah. The fundamental thesis of this study is that, for Adorno, art after the Holocaust should portray this catastrophe only indirectly, and that Beckett provides such an oblique aesthetic remembrance. In conclusion I examine the possibility of more direct representations of the Holocaust and determine that the need for aestheticizations of the Shoah is less vital than the need for radical societal reconfiguration – the cultivation of conditions which would prevent the emergence of new Holocausts.
11
Quraishi, Fatima. "Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan's Asar-ul-Sanadid: the construction of history in nineteenth-century India." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1419.
Full textAbstract:
In 1847, Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) published an Urdu text, listing and describing all notable monuments of Delhi entitled Asar-ul-Sanadid. His work so impressed British scholars in Delhi that he was invited to join the Asiatic Society and write a second, improved edition for translation into English. Unfortunately the translation was never written. Sir Sayyid was one of many local Indian scholars producing architectural and archaeological histories of the Subcontinent in the nineteenth-century. Yet their names are generally unknown, and their research lost in obscurity. Early twentieth-century western scholarship paid them little attention and an image formed which saw nineteenth-century historiography only serving an Orientalist vision of Indian art and archaeology. It is only in recent decades that this belief has been contested, and new studies have included a greater variety of sources. This thesis attempts to do the same by presenting translated portions of the Asar and analysing it within the context of its production; pre-colonial Indian histories and contemporary Indian and British scholarship in order to form a more complete picture of nineteenth century historical discourse in India.
12
McGuire, Adams Tricia. "Ogichitaakwe regeneration." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3111.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores regenerating Anishinaabekwe (women’s) empowerment. The
teaching of the ogichitaakwe (an Anishinaabekwe who is committed to helping the Anishinaabe people) was investigated to gain knowledge of how this aspect of the
Anishinaabekwe ideology can be used to challenge the effects of colonialism in
community. The goal of the thesis is to frame solutions to the effects of colonialism from the foundation of empowerment via the Anishinaabekwe ideology. The thesis examines how the Anishinaabekwe ideology in collaboration with radical indigenous feminism is useful in challenging colonialism. To this end, the utilization of self-consciousness-raising groups or Wiisokotaatiwin (gathering together for a purpose) provides the opportunity to address personal decolonization and regeneration. The author will show that by committing to the Anishinaabekwe ideology, the effects of colonialism will be addressed from a place of empowerment and ultimately regenerate the Anishinaabe Nation.
13
Miller, Peter John. "Alcman's Partheneion and the Near East." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1550.
Full textAbstract:
Alcman's Partheneion has a deserved reputation as an ambiguous and allusive fragment of Greek poetry; it has engendered a great amount of debate regarding every facet of the poem. This thesis investigates the ritual context and the propitiated deity of the Partheneion from an inter-cultural perspective. I integrate the relationship which flourished between Greece and the Near East with Alcman's poetry. This approach aims to situate the poem in the larger world of the Eastern Mediterranean and connect it to traditions of female goddesses worshiped in biblical Israel, Phoenicia and ancient Babylon. I also demonstrate that there are connections between the ritual context of Alcman's poetry, sung and danced by a chorus of young women, to similar cults celebrated by cultures throughout the Near East, both contemporaneous as well as more ancient.
14
Wrightson, Kelsey Radcliffe. "We are treaty peoples: the common understanding of Treaty 6 and contemporary treaty in British Columbia." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2968.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous and settler relations have been negotiated, and continue to be negotiated in various forms across Canada. This thesis begins from the continued assertions of treaty Elders that the historic Treaty relationships are valid in the form that they were mutually agreed upon and accepted at the time of negotiation. From this assertion, this thesis asks how this mutually agreed upon understanding of Treaty can be understood. In particular, the holistic approach to reading historic treaty draws on the oral history and first hand accounts to provide an understanding of the context and content of treaty. The holistic approach is then applied to Treaty 6 in Alberta and Saskatchewan, as well as the contemporary Treaty process in British Columbia. This provides a critical analysis of the continued negotiation of the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and Settlers, both regarding how historic treaties are understood in Canada, and how contemporary treaty relations continue to be negotiated.
15
McLaren, Duncan. "Sea level change and archaeological site locations on the Dundas Island Archipelago of north coastal British Columbia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/931.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal archaeological sites dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene are rare on the northwest coast of North America, as they are in many regions of the world, due to changing environmental factors, in particular glacial isostasy and eustasy, resulting in low visibility and survival of archaeological deposits. This dissertation outlines methods and results used to locate late Pleistocene and early Holocene archaeological sites on the Dundas Island Archipelago on the Northwest Coast culture area of British Columbia, Coast Tsimshian Territory, where archaeological sites older than 5,000 years BP are not known. Part of the reason for this is that masses of glacial ice accumulated on the Cordilleran Mountains of North America during the last glacial maximum, which depressed mainland coastal regions isostatically in relation to sea levels. As a result of lateral displacement of subcrustal material, areas to the west of the Cordillera bulged and landforms were raised relative to the sea. With deglaciation, the depressed crust began to rebound and the forebulge subsided resulting in rapidly dropping sea levels along the mainland to the east and rapidly rising sea levels along outer coastal islands to the west. These processes occurred in concert with sea levels that began rising eustatically following the last glacial maximum. Between the inner and outer coasts lies the Dundas Island Archipelago. This research project hypothesized that the study area was close to a sea level hinge lying between these two regions with very different sea level histories. With less significant shoreline movement, it was further anticipated that shoreline situated archaeological sites dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene might be found in close proximity, although slightly higher than the present day shoreline. This dissertation addresses the following question: Where are late Pleistocene and early Holocene archaeological sites situated on the Dundas Island Archipelago? To address this question, this dissertation details the methods and results used to determine a sea-level and vegetation history for the Dundas Island Archipelago and the archaeological prospection that was undertaken along relict shorelines.
Pollen analysis of sediments from a lake core identified a sequence of six vegetation zones beginning before 12,385 BP. Based on diatom identification of cores from four lake basins, combined with supporting indicators, a sea level curve for the Dundas Islands was constructed showing a slow regression of shorelines from 13 m above the barnacle line to present day elevations over the last 12,000 years BP.
Drawing upon these palaeo-environmental data, areas were selected for archaeological survey and prospection. Field testing of these selected areas resulted in the identification of five archaeological sites dating to the early Holocene. These are the first archaeological sites dating older than 5,000 years BP that have been found and dated in Coast Tsimshian Territory. The elevations and radiocarbon dates on all archaeological deposits are consistent with the sea level curve based on palaeo-environmental data points.
Overall, this dissertation draws upon palaeo-environmental methods and results for the purpose of identifying and interpreting archaeological sites situated on raised marine landforms.
16
Peterson, Joan Teresa. "Brickmaking on Southeastern Vancouver Island: an historical archaeological investigation." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3089.
Full textAbstract:
Archaeology consists of many sub-fields, three of which are addressed in this thesis. Historical archaeology, urban archaeology and industrial archaeology are all recent additions to the field. These terms narrow the focus and imply integration of two areas of study. However, in most cases only one portion is emphasized. This relegates the other data source to a supporting role instead of an equal partner.
To overcome this the participants in both fields need to understand the methodologies, techniques and values of each discipline to the other. The historical method is a relatively simple technique but one which is virtually ignored by archaeologists. In a similar manner, documents are treated only as information banks when in reality much can be learned from archival material treated as an archaeological artifact.
Brickmaking began on southeastern Vancouver Island less than 10 years after Fort Victoria was established. The manufacturing process, consisting of a variety of methods, changed very little over the centuries Development and organization of the industry in the study area paralleled the growth of the region. From simple estate production to nucleated complex, brickmaking rose and fell mirroring the economic state of the area. Ownership of the industry was almost exclusively British even though the yards were operated mainly by Chinese. This relationship is reflected in the larger society.
A culture can be viewed as a complex system composed of sub-systems each interacting with each other on various levels. Brickmaking can be viewed as a system from two perspectives. The manufacturing process itself is a closed system yet operation of the industry is closely tied to demand from the larger system of which it is part.
Although only one production site remains relatively intact, archaeological investigations of brickmaking are possible at all sites. A well designed research plan is necessary to realize the full potential of the sites and manage the archeological resources.
17
Ronsse, Erin Ann. "Rhetoric of martyrs : transmission and reception history of the "Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas"." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2486.
Full textAbstract:
This work represents an interdisciplinary consideration of the ongoing significance of an early Christian martyr narrative from Roman North Africa, the Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, which remains extant only in medieval hagiographic manuscripts. By emphasizing the genre and material basis for interpreting this historical work of religious literature, I work to elucidate the several catechetical, liturgical, devotional, and academic contexts in which Perpetua, Felicitas, and their companions initially achieved prominence and have maintained a measure of influence.
Though other scholars have tended to focus immediately on the person of Perpetua, I discuss the text holistically as highlighting Christian visionary and rhetorical successes. This reading respects the Passion's original narrative functions while challenging ideas about the relationship between classical education and Christian prayer practices. My own methodological approach also combines critical, experiential knowledge with thorough codicological, artifactual, and original language research to encourage an informed discourse with the past. To test and develop ideas, I particularly examine the Passion's reception history in medieval England. Important justifications for this geographic focus include the fact that the bulk of extant manuscripts relating to what is now regarded as the Passio Sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis, a single Latin text, are from medieval England and not all English manuscript sources are yet recognized in existing critical editions. In addition to Anglo-Latin legendaries, the narrative was recalled in the Old English Martyrology and Peter of Cornwall's Liber reuelationum (now Lambeth Palace MS 51). Recognizing the liturgical history of textual transmission nuances and, simultaneously, enlarges an understanding of the nature of this martyr narrative. Also, that there are no known long versions of the work in Middle English is meaningful given the relative popularity of other courtly lives of women saints, and I discuss how and why the appeal of the hagiographic account changes. By explaining-for the first time medieval English responses to the Africans Perpetua and Felicitas, I also recognize the dynamic cultural interactions shaping literary canons: in historical contexts, it is the educational model of Perpetua and Felicitas that has kept their memories alive and versions of their martyrdom in circulation.
18
Olsen, Sylvia Valerie. ""We Indians were sure hard workers" A history of Coast Salish wool working." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1340.
Full textAbstract:
In the study of the economic and labour history of the West Coast Native people of British Columbia most research has centered on activities such as fishing, farming and forestry. This thesis turns the attention from what was primarily men's work in the dominant society to the Coast Salish wool working industry where women worked with the help of their children and husbands. I examine the significant economic and cultural contribution Coast Salish woolworkers had on West Coast society, the meeting place woolworkers' sweaters provided between the Coast Salish and the newcomers and the changes which took place in the industry during the last century. This story includes many voices most of which are recorded in newspapers, correspondence and journals, and in the memories of those that lived and worked in the industry.
19
Little, William A. "Toward a minor history of neofascism and hate in postfascist society." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1915.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the repertoire of governmental responses to neofascism and hate in post-World War II Europe and North America, focusing on the way in which they are problematized within the contexts of democratic political behaviour, free and restricted speech, criminality, and multicultural relations. Materials examined include academic literatures, state commissioned reports, media coverage, court cases, remedial programs for hate offenders and autobiographical materials. Governmental responses are marred by a series of impasses that demonstrate the constitutive inability of post-war authorities to respond to the political element at the core of neofascism and hate. Attempts to address them as pathological social phenomena or simply as criminal or legally actionable forms of speech and behaviour fail to recognize their properly political force. In particular the neofascist problem reveals the limits of. and what occurs at the limits of, the technological mode of government, the biopolitical administration of life, and the sovereign structure of political community. This phenomenon has been the uncanny product of postfascist society, a society whose ethico-political structure revolves around the express prevention of the return of Fascism in its various guises. It institutionalizes and naturalizes the cut produced by Fascism's exclusion from legitimate politics, inadvertently creating the conditions for neofascist revivals that exploit the discontents of this process. To initiate the critical thought necessary to prepare a way out of the impasses of postfascist politics - to begin to think what it would mean to live in a non fascist as opposed to a postfascist society - - I present a minor analysis of the lines of transformation that animate the relationship between postfascism and neofascism. This analysis reveals the diabolical properties of the emerging politics of the exception, a politics with clear analogues in the current `war on terror,' in which the distinction between Fascism and liberal democracy becomes increasingly difficult to sustain. It also reveals a line of becoming that indicates the possibility of embracing a truly nonfascist sociality. The pathway beyond fascism does not and cannot pass through the repertoire of postfascist solutions but only through a singular assemblage of revolutionary forces that would have as their effect a non-fascist form of life.
20
Wilson, Kevin. "Setting the standard: how a four year utopian experiment established a six decade communal norm in Sointula, British Columbia." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1982.
Full textAbstract:
"Setting the Standard" examines over one hundred years in the existence of a British Columbia coastal community: Sointula "place of harmony ". From its beginnings as a socialist utopia settled by Finnish immigrants, to its place in the 1960s as a seemingly typical fishing community, peopled by a diverse ethnic mix. this thesis traces the ideological changes of the island's inhabitants over a six decade period. In doing so, this work uses Sointula as a case study to see how an ideological base first forms in a community and then how that ideology forms a standard that influences all succeeding community developments. Through this case study, particular historical events in the province surrounding the mining, logging and fishing industries, as well as the co-operative, labour union, and socialist movements are examined.
21
Gordon, Lanning Robbyn Ellen Lorraine. "Inverting the lens: insider photography by the Manaja’a family, Humayma, Jordan." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2012.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I assert that photographs of Jordanian Bedouin produced by cultural
insiders disrupt and challenge pan-Bedouin and romantic photographic constructions of
Bedouin made by cultural outsiders. These outsiders, Western ethno-photographers and
members of the Jordanian Hashemite monarchy, use photographs featuring visual symbols of Bedouin identity in order to legitimise claims to land, resources, and cultural
capital. Data produced from collaborative action research (the creation of photography
with a self-identifying Bedouin family from Humayma, Jordan) demonstrates an increasingly complex version of Jordanian Bedouin identity absent from outsider
representations. This nuanced picture of Bedouin identity, while limited by its focus on a single family, may help contribute to further collaborative investigations of Bedouin identity in Jordan. This research has the potential to assist in the better understanding of the diverse social practices and concerns of Bedouin living in Jordan today.
22
Horosko, Kendra. "Deliciously detailed narratives: the use of food in stories of British war brides' experiences." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3038.
Full textAbstract:
During the Second World War, tens of thousands of Canadian soldiers stationed in Britain met and married British women. The majority of these British war brides and their husbands settled in Canada, where these women had to quickly adjust to Canadian customs. Based on interviews with fifteen British war brides currently living in the Victoria area, this thesis analyzes the way in which these women recount stories of their lives and experiences as war brides through recollections of food-centred narratives. Their recollections of the pre-war years, the war years and the post-war years often revolved around memories of food. This thesis will show how war brides make use of such food-centred narratives as a comfortable medium through which to express their emotions regarding the past and to relate their stories, be they joyful, traumatic, nostalgic, somber or elegiac.
23
Friedman, Judith Ellen. "Coming full circle: the development, rise, fall, and return of the concept of anticipation in hereditary disease." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1794.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the history of the creation and development of the concept of
anticipation, a pattern of heredity found in several diseases (e.g. Huntington’s disease and
myotonic dystrophy), in which an illness manifests itself earlier and often more severely
in successive generations. It reconstructs major arguments in twentieth-century debates
about anticipation and analyzes the relations between different research communities and
schools of thought. Developments in cutting-edge medicine, biology, and genetics are
analyzed; many of these developments were centered in Britain, but saw significant
contributions by people working in France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and
North America.
Chapter one traces precursor notions in psychiatric and hereditarian thought from
1840 to the coining of the term ‘anticipation’ by the ophthalmologist Edward Nettleship
in 1905. Key roles in the following chapters are played by several figures. Prior to World
War II, these include: the neuropathologist F.W. Mott, whose advocacy during 1911-
1927 led to anticipation being called “Mott’s law”; the biometrician and eugenicist Karl
Pearson, who opposed Mott on methodological and political grounds; and two politically
and theoretically opposed Germans – Ernst Rüdin, a leading psychiatrist and eugenicist
who came to reject anticipation, and Richard Goldschmidt, a geneticist who offered a
peculiar Mendelian explanation. The British psychiatrist and human geneticist, Lionel
Penrose, makes a first interwar appearance, but becomes crucial to the story after World
War II due to his systematic dismissal of anticipation, which discredited the notion on
orthodox Mendelian grounds. The final chapters highlight the contributions of Dutch
neurologist Christiaan Höweler, whose 1980s work demonstrated a major hole in
Penrose’s reasoning, and British geneticist Peter Harper, whose research helped
demonstrate that expanding trinucleotide repeats accounted for the transgenerational
worsening without contradicting Mendel and resurrected anticipation as scientifically
legitimate. Reception of the concept of anticipation is traced across the century through
the examination of textbooks used in different fields.
This dissertation argues against established positions regarding the history of the
concept, including claims that anticipation’s association with eugenics adequately
explains the rejection of the notion after 1945. Rejected, in fact, by many eugenicists
from 1912, anticipation was used by physicians until the 1960s.
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Paul, Joanne. "Agency at the crossroads of the 16th century: governance and the state in humanist and contemporary political thought." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2914.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to investigate the relationship between the concepts of the State and Governance in political and international relations theory with the hope of recovering a place for agency. Following from the work of Michel Foucault, and drawing on the historical methodology of Quentin Skinner, I locate in the 16th century a „crossroads‟ in the development of the State and Governance, particularly in the work of the Henrician humanists – political writers of the Early Tudor period (1513-1533). I argue that their articulation of a politicized conception of Governance held a central place for the human agent living the vita activa as an ambassador between the rationality of the divine sphere and that of the terrestrial. Reading these findings through the later work of Foucault, I locate in this dynamic a central role for agency as tied to these theories of Governance that have become veiled by the State. Finally, I make two suggestions in regards to the application of these findings. First, that political/international relations theory take seriously the role of the diplomat as agent, and second, that the disciplinary intersection between history and politics be further emphasized and explored.
25
Della, Zazzera Elizabeth. "Romancing the nation: the reconciliation of the individual and the collective in romantic nationalism." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1477.
Full textAbstract:
The connection between Romanticism and nationalism, like most aspects of Romanticism, is complex and manifests in diverse ways. This project seeks to examine how Romanticism in Scotland, France and Germany could emphasize individualism and nationalism simultaneously, and seeks to elucidate the ways both these concepts were understood by Romantic scholars. It argues that although the connection between Romanticism and nationalism was not necessary, Romantic sensibilities were often compatible with nationalist theory. Romanticism can thus be said to have laid the theoretical groundwork for the possibility of nationalism, by emphasizing history, imagination and the importance of the collective. However, in all those things the Romantics also focused on the importance of individuals: lauding historical heroes, the imaginative genius of the scholar, and the fulfilment of the individual through belonging to a community. It further argues that the Romantics were influenced by the Enlightenment scholars’ emphasis on the individual, but sought to move away from individualism as a universal principle toward an understanding of individualism that balanced uniqueness and belonging to a particular community. Moreover, it contends that Romantic nationalism can be distinguished from later nineteenth century integral nationalism, by its relative emphasis on the individual, diversity and cosmopolitanism, but that it contained within it elements of, and therefore perhaps the seeds for, more virulent nationalism.
26
Robitaille, Mathieu. "Redefining the Monarchiens: the failure of moderation in the French Revolution." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2966.
Full textAbstract:
The French Revolution continues to fascinate historians. The political culture which it is said to have spawned has recently become a particularly salient feature in its recent historiography. Many have argued that the discrepancy between the hopes that the Revolution initially generated and the destruction, war, and terror that followed was the inevitable result of this culture. Within this framework, the defeat of the constitutional proposals of the group of moderate politicians known as the Monarchiens has been portrayed as the Revolution’s missed opportunity to avoid the violence of the Terror. Their most important proposals were for a bicameral legislature and strong royal authority. My thesis questions assumptions about the ideological coherence of the five most influential proponents of this model and the inevitability of their defeat. To do this, I will analyze the pre-revolutionary political careers of these men up to the defeat of their proposals in the summer of 1789, and demonstrate that their political proposals were contingent on the political context, often changing drastically to fit the demands of circumstance.
27
Jackson, Sabrina Jane. "Henry of Winchester : last of the great Cluniacs." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1853.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the life of Henry of Winchester (c.1099-1171) and his relation to the development of the English church in the twelfth century. It presents the case for considering Henry's close association to Cluniac monasticism and speaks to some of the tensions which existed between Henry and St Bernard of Clairvaux. It focuses primarily on Henry's contribution to the ecclesiastical reform movement and his importance as a leading figure in ecclesiastical government during the crisis of King Stephen's reign (1135-1154). In addition, it considers Henry's role as one of the twelfth century's most prominent art patrons. By considering his activities as monk, bishop, statesman and art patron, this study shows how Henry of Winchester was a prominent force in religious and secular life during a period of political unrest and ecclesiastical change.
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Dubord, Denis Gerard. "Unseen enemies: an examination of infectious diseases and their influence upon the Canadian Army in two major campaigns during the First and Second World Wars." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3124.
Full textAbstract:
Twice during the first half of the twentieth century, on two separate and distinctly
unique wartime campaigns in Europe, the survival of Canadian overseas armies was
badly threatened not by enemy guns, but by the menace and ravages of an unseen enemy:
infectious disease.
Between the spring of 1915 and the fall of 1918, hundreds of thousands of
Canadian soldiers lived and fought in the trenches of the Western Front. The Canadian
Expeditionary Force (CEF) faced many tactical challenges in fighting this radical and unknown style of war in the trenches. There were also many medical challenges faced by the Canadian forces during this new era when they soon discovered that the trench
environment was highly conducive to the rapid development and spread of infectious
disease. In particular, pathogen carrying pests, such as body lice and rats, and
“mysterious” emerging diseases, such as trench fever, would become the bane of
existence for many Canadian soldiers. Life in the trenches would prove to be inherently
dangerous for reasons other than enemy fire.
Just two and one half decades later, during the Second World War, the Canadian
First Division, recently victorious in occupying Sicily, was decimated, not by its German or Italian foes but by an epidemic of the mosquito transmitted infectious disease of malaria. Anti-malaria measures and precautions were well known, but the Canadians would discover that both the application of these practices and the compliance of the rank and file could not be taken for granted.
This work examines the important influence disease vectors and infectious disease
had upon the lives and experiences of our soldiers, as well as the conduct and outcomes
of two important twentieth century military campaigns conducted by Canada’s army
between 1914 and 1945. In essence, this study will explore and analyze Canadian
attempts, both individual and corporate, to control, possibly defeat or at least come to
terms with, its most elusive and silent enemies on the field of battle – infectious diseases.
29
Wender, Andrew. "Juridical prism: modernity's transmutation of the religious, as refracted through secularist law." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1952.
Full textAbstract:
Modern, Western, secularist legal systems are, in actuality, religious legal systems. The religious bedrock underlying secularist legal systems is the same as the transmuted, and therefore immanentist, faith and creed that underlies the essential mindset and spirit of modernity. Secularist legal systems may be conceived of as semeiotic prisms that refract modernity's relocation, within the phenomenal world, of the transcendence and divine presence of Ultimate Reality. As prisms that bring to light secularist law's customarily unrecognized and unacknowledged, immanentist religious foundation, secularist legal systems express modernity's faith. Further, secularist law acts to validate, enforce, and propagate modernity's religious orthodoxy. Among modernist polities, the United States functions as a bellwether in the modern, Western, civilizational drive to globally proselytize, through the bringing to bear of state power, modernity's worldly religious tradition. Secularist law's unspoken, religious import is powerfully intimated by two interdependent signs that are interwoven within the semeiotic texts comprised by secularist legal systems. Each of these signs embodies one in a pair of reciprocally reinforcing ideas that are avatars of the secularist juridical mind. First is secularist law's idea that all existents - corporeal and non-corporeal; biological and non-biological; human and non-human - are subject to one or another property holder's personal, proprietary claim. Second is the idea that humans, who are in their ontological essence proprietors, have a rightful, transactional power over all existents (inasmuch as all things that exist can be conceived of as property). As these two ideas presuppose that all existing things are reducible to a tangible, proprietary form that is subject to human ownership, ordering, and exchange, they elevate to a presumed level of metaphysical absoluteness both the human proprietary claim and transactional power over existing things, and the things, themselves. The inquiry construes the underlying, religious significance of the two ideas - that is, it reads these two signs - as they occur within the following, ontologically all-encompassing, areas of secularist law: environmental jurisprudence; intellectual property law; and legal doctrine governing the ownership and alienation of human, biological property.
30
Redmond, Matthew Robert. "Zikism and the Nigerian adoption of Gandhi's discourse of colonial resistance." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1881.
Full textAbstract:
The age of Gandhian resistance left a substantial mark on the landscape of colonial Nigeria. Until the emergence of the Zikist Movement in 1946 Nigerian nationalists were content to talk and write, going no further than superficially criticizing the colonial government. The emergence of the Zikists marked the beginning of "Direct Action," as Nigerian nationalists were pressed to support their words with action. Based on the ideological formulations of Nnamdi Azikiwe and Nwafor Orizu, the Zikists sought effective techniques to actualize their desire for national independence. Following in the footsteps of Gandhi, the Zikist Movement attempted to achieve independence through the use of non-violent civil disobedience, boycotts and politicized strikes. Despite the significant role they played in the Nigerian nationalist movement, the Zikists have been largely overlooked in the extant literature.
31
McFarland, Theresa Larine. "Study of images in German films: deconstructing the Nazi body aesthetic." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2269.
Full textAbstract:
Films and their images function to disperse representations of the body that encourage viewers to adopt or reject certain represented appearances and actions. Using this proposition, this thesis explores how notions of the body are visualized in filmic images, such as film posters and photographs used for promotional purposes. In particular, this thesis focuses on how German identities from the end of the Weimar Republic through to the early years of the Third Reich were represented in filmic images. This paper questions whether the introduction of Nazi ideals and the establishment of a state controlled film industry led to new representations of the body in filmic images or whether there is continuity between these images and those of the Weimar Republic. Exploring which bodies, taking into account representations of race. class, gender and sexuality, were privileged and which were vilified in filmic images gives one an idea of how bodies were encouraged to conform socially in the years leading up to and during the Third Reich.
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Gordon, Hugh Avi. "Cheers and tears: relations between Canadian soldiers and German civilians, 1944-46." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3180.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines relations between Canadian soldiers and German civilians from March 1945 to April 1946. This study will show that Canadian relations with German civilians were, in part, an extension of relations with civilians in liberated countries, but were also something new altogether. At the beginning of the invasion of Germany, most Canadian soldiers did not wish to associate with Germans and followed a fraternization ban that had been put into effect. Canadians were more likely than American soldiers to believe in the ban. Soldiers were fed a propaganda campaign that told them all Germans were evil and needed to be punished for starting the war. As the invasion proceeded further into Germany, more Canadians realized that all Germans were not Nazis and began to fraternize with the ban still in place. In the Netherlands, where Canadians have been remembered as liberators, relations at times were also tense and bitter after the war ended. Canadians also had to deal with large number of Displaced Persons (DPs), who caused more headaches than German civilians for the occupation authorities.
33
Dove, Stephen. "The reconstruction of pharmacist authority in British Columbia, 1965-1968." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2954.
Full textAbstract:
Despite extensive research on the history of medicine, little has been written on the role played by pharmacists. The diminished demand for compounding services that accompanied the explosion of manufactured pharmaceuticals after World War II left pharmacists over educated and underutilized. This study demonstrates how British Columbia pharmacists reconstructed their professional authority in the 1960s through the formation of a Pharmacy Planning Commission, a process that pre-dated and influenced other jurisdictions. Examination of the archives of the College of Pharmacists of British Columbia reveals that pharmacists overcame ethical restrictions, adopted clinically focussed education and increased accessibility to facilitate a role as consultant to the public on non-prescription medications. The addition of prescription drug counselling and an increased role as drug consultants to physicians allowed British Columbia pharmacists the authority to claim a core competency as drug information experts.
34
Campbell, Rochelle. "Multicentury history of western spruce budworm outbreaks in interior Douglas-fir forests near Kamloops, British Columbia." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1066.
Full textAbstract:
Western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis (Freeman)) is a native defoliator of the Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mirb.) Franco) forests of British Columbia, Canada. This thesis used dendrochronology and the software program OUTBREAK to reconstruct a defoliation history of Douglas-fir for nineteen forest sites near Kamloops in central British Columbia. By comparing the radial growth response of non-host ponderosa pine trees to Douglas-fir trees growing in nearby but separate stands, seven western spruce budworm outbreaks were distinguished over the past 300 years. Although there is considerable variation in the timing and duration of these western spruce budworm events at the stand level, synchronous outbreaks have occurred at approximately 43-year intervals. Climate variation appears to have been important to budworm outbreaks in the 20th century. Notable outbreaks tended to occur during years of early springs with average air temperature, following winters with lower than average precipitation. Based on this finding, it is proposed that with high overwintering survival, increased population growth rates, and a longer growing season, the extent of future outbreaks will shift northward and may increase in size.
35
Donaldson, John Conor. "History and politics of the 'New relationship'." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2686.
Full textAbstract:
This essay looks at the Government of British Columbia’s ‘New Relationship’ with indigenous people and how British Columbia’s history can inform this public policy debate. Specifically, I draw on the approach used by historian Quentin Skinner to identify two distinct periods in British Columbia’s early history, the coastal fur trade and the colonial period, and to identify how the relationship between indigenous people and Europeans was fundamentally different during these periods. After identifying the key features that made these relationships different, I challenge policymakers to look beyond the colonial period and its effect on our intellectual heritage. Through looking back to the fur trade period, I argue that we can begin to meet the promise contained in the ‘New Relationship’ and its statement of vision.
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Plant, Byron King. "Hank Snow and moving on: tradition and modernity in Kwakwaka'wakw 20th century migration." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1072.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the 20th century settlement and migration history of the Kwakwaka'wakw people of Alert Bay, British Columbia. Through an examination of three key shifts in settlement and migratory patterns, it traces how Aboriginal space and movement has been reconfigured in response to changing social, economic, and cultural landscapes. Each of these three shifts—village relocations, the decline of involvement in the capitalist and traditional food economies, and growing urban migration—reveals how Kwakwaka'wakw settlements and notions of community have changed in recent times. These shifts also indicate how innovative forms of migration have developed in, around, and between aboriginal communities.
In addition to documenting some of the most profound changes in Aboriginal demographics since the early catastrophic disease epidemics, this thesis is also interested in continuity and the role local culture plays in shaping settlement and migratory behaviour. Drawing on Michel De Certeau's notion of "combinatory operations," I suggest that Aboriginal people have interpreted and responded to different types of displacement through operational systems shaped by contemporary reproductions of socio-cultural traditions. The thesis argues that the people of this community have responded to displacement with behaviour reflective of both innovation and cultural continuity.
Until now, most research on aboriginal people has been either community- or urban-based. However, this focus on the terminal "beginning" or "end" of migration has tended to overshadow the role migration itself has played within Aboriginal society and culture. Rather than a process of suspension occurring between two points of settlement, migration itself is a socio-cultural phenomenon, itself no less important than the settlements upon which the process is anchored and defined.
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Harvey, Daniel Stephen. "The biopolitics of life at sea, or, Toward a theory of maritime exception." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2814.
Full textAbstract:
The maritime space of ships is more often developed as a metaphor than critically
investigated. Abstract fantasies of global flows and fluid motions ignore the material
histories of ships, which often involve the capture of individuals and populations within
networks of legal and extra-legal power. Standing as an exception to the bounded
geographies of nation-states, ocean space lies beyond any single sovereign’s power; the
passengers of ships are subject to multiple forms of biopower, wielded by diverse actors.
I examine three ship-spaces—British slave ships, the migrant ship Komagata Maru, and
Disney’s cruise ships—to tease out the techniques of biopower at work through them,
exposing the ways in which passengers are made to live and rendered dead. Drawing on
the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, I argue that the exceptional
suspension of law at sea is integral to the rule of law on land.
38
Webster, Keith. "Canada and the Far Eastern Commission." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/879.
Full textAbstract:
Canada participated in the Far Eastern Advisory Commission, later the Far Eastern Commission, overseeing the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952. In the face of resistance from the United States government generally, and from General MacArthur specifically, Canada and the Far Eastern Commission achieved little success in moderating United States policy. Because Canada’s position was always influenced by its concern for future multilateral bodies and its overwhelming need to maintain good relations with the United States, it displayed little independence on the Far Eastern Commission.
39
Klapecki, Derek Vincent. "The Roman mosaics of Humayma, Jordan." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1238.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis documents three polychrome, geometric mosaics that were discovered in the Praetorium of the Trajanic Roman fort at Humayma in southern Jordan. Patterns used in the mosaics are swastika meanders, quatrefoil rosettes and interlocking circles, while colours used are beige, red, and two shades of blue. The mosaics can be confidently dated to the initial construction of the fort, between A.D. 111 and A.D. 114. I document the excavation and present state of the most southern mosaics in Jordan, and place them in their regional and social context. By comparing the patterns employed with other similar mosaics, both geographically and temporally, I shed light on the early development of mosaics in the region. I argue that the Roman military employed local craftsmen to construct the mosaics and that evidence of craftsmen training is visible in details of the mosaics.
The social and cultural context of the Humayma mosaics is reconstructed by examining both other local examples, and comparanda from the wider, Mediterranean corpus of mosaics, including sites such as Delos, Olynthus, Antioch, Pompeii, and Ostia. The focus is on the extent of diffusion of the specific motifs employed. Interpretation of the mosaics at Humayma will concentrate on such issues as patronage, craftsman training, and indications of regional wealth.
40
Bondoreff, Andrei. "Spirited differences: Doukhobor sectarianism, Freedomite terrorism and government policy." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2549.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis braids ethnography with political analysis to explore the nature, scope and breadth of Doukhobor sectarianism in order to illuminate the nuances of difference within the Doukhobor community. A major focus of this study is the development and functioning of the Sons of Freedom (Freedomite) branch's terrorism and its effects on the Orthodox and Independent branches as well as majoritarian society, particularly in Saskatchewan and British Columbia. Another important area of discussion concerns the formulation and application of government policy to Freedomite violence and its effects. Finally, the thesis seeks to isolate the complex factors that brought the violence to an end by focusing on three significant historical events: the violent Freedomite attack on a Saskatchewan Independent leader's home in 1936; the BC government's New Denver forced schooling program (1953-1959); and finally, the trial of Orthodox Doukhobor leader John Verigin in 1979. Ultimately, this work offers ideas and approaches for understanding other sectarian conflicts defined by terrorism.
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Sitara, Georgia. "Humanitarianism in the age of capital and empire: Canada, 1870-1890." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2292.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a history of humanitarianism in Canada in the 1870s and 1880s. It examines the rise of the first Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) in 1869 in Montreal and the destruction of the buffalo on the Canadian prairies by 1879. These two case studies on the historical treatment of animals are complemented by two other case studies which explore "man's humanity to man" in these years. One chapter examines how Montrealers responded to the indigent poor on their city streets, focusing particularly on the nature of humanitarian child-saving efforts which led to the removal of many poor children from their families. The last chapter investigates the nature and limits with which central and eastern Canadians responded to reports from the prairies of "starving Indians" following the destruction of the buffalo.
The dissertation makes sense of the seeming contradictory contemporary impulses which led to the protection of the domestic animals of the "uncivilized" urban poor on the one hand and the destruction of the buffalo (as a free roaming species) to make way for "civilization" on the other. It shows how both the SPCA movement and the destruction of the buffalo were the result of "civilization," signs of the emerging capitalist and colonial order. It demonstrates that contemporaries recognized and were dismayed by the central role played by civilized white hunters in the destruction of the buffalo. Once the buffalo disappeared, a new narrative emerged that blamed the Indians for the destruction, helping to justify Canadian domination of the prairies. The thesis also demonstrates that as dominant culture took on the mantle of humanity to animals, through the establishment
42
Smith, Michael Edward. "Not just "Harper's Rules": the problem with responsible government as critical morality." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2992.
Full textAbstract:
The Canadian constitutional crisis of 2008 triggered a renewed interest in the structure and workings of Canada’s institutions of government. Particular controversy was generated by Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s assertion that only the political party with the most seats in the House of Commons has the right to form a government and that it is illegitimate for the opposition parties to form a coalition with a legislative majority. Peter Russell terms these contentions “Harper’s New Rules”, and is one of a large group of scholars who deride the rules as being undemocratic and in violation of the traditional practice of parliamentary democracy and responsible government (which holds that the House of Commons is the final arbiter on the viability of potential governments). This thesis investigates the quick rejection of Harper’s Rules and determines that their attempt to enforce a critical moral standard on Harper is problematic because for a constitutional convention to be binding on political actors, it requires a consensus on how a convention promotes constitutional principle--a consensus that does not exist about how a party receives a mandate to govern. Throughout Canada’s history with minority government transitions, there has been a subtle discourse that implies many political actors have operated under the norm that the largest party in the House of Commons does indeed have a right to form the government. As well, many of the claims that are made about the democratic origin and purpose of the structure of responsible government are difficult to substantiate and can be challenged. The resulting disagreement makes it difficult to declare a constitutional interpretation to be wrong, given the malleable character of conventions, and that these constitutional disputes can generate into crisis and be exploited for partisan gain. This is the situation the federal party system may soon find itself in, as likely future minority governments will continuously bring the opposing conceptions of a mandate into conflict. This thesis concludes that determining constitutional conventions based on how they defend principle is a hazardous approach because political actors can always frame their actions in the rhetoric of democratic legitimacy, and if the actor can avoid serious political repercussions or find support in the public, then the interpretation becomes viable.
43
Chassé, Patrick. "“Hereticks for believing the Antipodes”: Scottish colonial identities in the Darien, 1698-1700." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/228.
Full textAbstract:
New Caledonia (1698-1700) was Scotland’s largest independent colonial venture. The scheme’s collapse crippled the country financially and was an important factor in the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707. This project explores the identity of Scottish settlers who attempted to colonize the Darien region of modern Panama. Colonial identity is assessed by reconstructing the Scottish dialogue about the natural world, the aboriginal population, and the commonwealth. I contend that the ideology of improvement that shaped Scottish perceptions of utility and fertility in the Darien became a powerful moral discourse used to critique the colonists. This paper also chronicles Scottish aspirations to found an empire of trade and civility, uncovering the fundamental problems created by the idealization of the Tule as eager subjects of this new empire. Finally, I argue that Caledonia’s food shortages not only threatened the colonial government’s legitimacy, they also exposed divergent ideals of the commonwealth among the settlers.
44
Mucina, Devi Dee. "Revitalizing memory in honour of Maseko Ngoni's indigenous Bantu governance." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2187.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we will show that individually we still have memory, which allows us to recognise our ways of living. To recognise is to remember. Thus, we intend to offer ways of regenerating Maseko Ngoni governance by reviving the personal memories of the Ubantu collective through embracing our languages, histories, politics, medicine. economics and spirituality. The research methodology used in this thesis is inclusive of all Ubantu sacred oral evidence while challenging some written sources and welcoming others as ways of sharing our personal memories as an act of reviving our collective knowledge (memories). We show that this shared knowledge is the basis of our sustainable Indigenous governance because it is motivated by respect for the land and the people (inclusive of all living things).
45
Moss, Patricia Josette. "Richard Strauss's Friedenstag: a political statement of peace in Nazi Germany." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2977.
Full textAbstract:
After the conclusion of World War II, Richard Strauss’s activities and compositions came under intense scrutiny as scholars tried to understand his position with respect to the National Socialist regime. Their conclusions varied, some describing Strauss as a Nazi sympathizer, some as a victim of Nazism, with others concluding that Strauss was neither a sympathizer nor a victim, merely politically naïve. Among the latter was Strauss’s friend and biographer, Willi Schuh, who ardently defended the composer’s activities during the Nazi period. While Schuh asserted that Strauss’s music had no direct political ties to the “Third Reich”, Strauss’s 1938 opera, Friedenstag, demonstrates that he was, in fact, politically aware and capable of composing a work replete with conscious political overtones.
The correspondence between Strauss and his Jewish librettist, Stefan Zweig, shows that Strauss deliberately chose to compose Friedenstag in the face of his disillusionment with the Nazi government. Although initially hailed as the first
Nazi opera, elements of Friedenstag’s political message resist appropriation by Hitler’s regime. While addressing the pro-Nazi implications through a close study of the libretto and score, this thesis will argue that Friedenstag was composed as a tribute to peace and a response to the increasingly hostile political climate.
46
Gordon, Hugh Avi. "The end of the big ship navy: the Trudeau government, the defence policy review and the decommissioning of the HMCS Bonaventure." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1031.
Full textAbstract:
As part of a major defence review meant to streamline and re-prioritize the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), in 1969, the Trudeau government decommissioned Canada’s last aircraft carrier, HMCS Bonaventure. The carrier represented a major part of Maritime Command’s NATO oriented anti-submarine warfare (ASW) effort.
There were three main reasons for the government’s decision. First, the carrier’s yearly cost of $20 million was too much for the government to afford. Second, several defence experts challenged the ability of the Bonaventure to fulfill its ASW role. Third, members of the government and sections of the public believed that an aircraft carrier was a luxury that Canada did not require for its defence. There was a perception that the carrier was the wrong ship used for the wrong role. In sum, the decision to decommission the Bonaventure was politically attractive because of economic reasons, but was made based on strategic rationale.
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Larsen, Takaia. "Sowing the seeds: women, work and memory in Trail, British Columbia during and after the Second World War." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2411.
Full textAbstract:
The Second World War has often been regarded a period of great change for women. Using both print and oral historical sources this paper seeks to detail, measure and understand the changes which were occurring both during and after the war to ideas and attitudes about gender in Trail. British Columbia. Diverse and complex changes are detailed through the memories of both women and men and their children. This paper argues for the importance of inter-generational investigations of change through the use of oral history and illustrates that historical change is often as multi-faceted as the individual experiences of people themselves.
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Sone, Tamara Leigh. "Network of islands : historical linkages among the islands of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2333.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents an analysis of the interactions observed among the West Polynesia islands of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, using concepts of regional systems and trade networks. The connections between these island groups in the period between the 1770s and the 1870s are examined in extensive detail. In particular, this analysis takes the theoretical framework of the world-systems approach of Chase-Dunn and Hall and applies a method involving networks of exchange to this region. These networks include the information network, the bulk products network, the political/ military network and the network of prestige valuables. Archival data show the operation and content of these networks and demonstrate that with the influx of European products in the early colonial period, there was an efflorescence of long-distance exchange in this region. This analysis of networks linking the island groups suggest that Fiji, Tonga and Samoa should be viewed as a regional unit instead of three distinct societies for many subjects of investigation.
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Bradley, Ben. "Roving eyes : circulation, visuality, and hierarchy of place in east-central British Columbia, 1910-1975." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1067.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis broadly explores the complex relations between commodity circulation, modes of visuality, landscape experience, and hierarchies of place in the Yellowhead Pass and Robson Valley areas of east-central British Columbia during the period 1910-1975.
By examining a wide array of sources, including some that are banal, fragmentary, and indirect, it shows that views of that space and the numerous rural communities located within it have been structured and mediated by modem networks and systems of transportation and communication, beginning with transcontinental railways and ending with transprovincial highways. It demonstrates that the shifting ways in which places in this corridor-region have been connected to and separated from these lines of circulation, and also the associated ways in which they have been seen (and not seen) by people travelling along them have played vitally important roles in both the routines and possibilities of residents' everyday lives, and their local, place-based identities.
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Crow, David James. "Introduction of firearms to the land of Aladdin." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1832.
Full textAbstract:
In the late 1300s and early 1400s, when firearms made their arrival in the lands of Islam, the various dynasties exhibited differing responses. While the Ottoman sultanate wasted no time in incorporating firearms into their formidable military machine, both the Mamluks of Egypt and the Safavids of Persia were far more reluctant in adopting the new weapons. David Avalon, investigating the question of Mamluk reluctance, identified the rigid sense of pride in the traditional forms of warfare to be found in the ruling class; however, the same attention has not yet been paid to the Safavids. A paucity of relevant references in the accounts of European travellers combined with a tendency in the Safavid sources to apply identical terms to both gunpowder and non-gunpowder weapons made the relative abundance of firearms difficult to quantify. In all, the same stubborn attitude found in the Mamluks was also found in the Safavid elite, but in the case of Persia, this cannot be considered the sole answer. Instead, the historical background and military situation also played an important role.