Academic literature on the topic 'UWS'
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Journal articles on the topic "UWS"
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Yan, Chang, Guangming Shi, and Fumo Yang. "The rationality of PM2.5 monitoring sites’ locations based on exposure level across eastern China." Environmental Research Communications 4, no. 1 (2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac4641.
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Abstract Due to the heterogeneity of PM2.5 and population distribution, the representativeness of existing monitoring sites is questionable when the monitored data were used to assess the population exposure. By comparing the PM2.5 concentration from a satellite-based dataset named the China High Air Pollutants (CHAP), population and exposure level in urban areas with monitoring stations (UWS) and without monitoring stations (UNS), we discussed the rationality of the current spatial coverage of monitoring stations in eastern China. Through an analysis of air pollution in all urban areas of 256 prefectural-level municipalities in eastern China, we found that the average PM2.5 concentration in UNS in 2015 and 2018 were 52.26 μg m−3 and 41.32 μg m−3, respectively, which were slightly lower than that in UWS (52.98 μg m−3 and 41.48 μg m−3). About 12.1% of the prefectural-level municipalities had higher exposure levels in certain UNS than those in UWS. With the faster growth of UNS population, the gap between exposure levels of UNS and UWS were narrowing. Hence, currently prevalent administration-based principle of site location selection might have higher risk of missing the non-capital urban areas with relatively higher PM2.5 exposure level in the future.
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Basser, Preeti, Hemlata Sharma, Amit Dadheech, et al. "Assessing the Stability of Root Yield and Biochemical Traits in Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl (2024): S249—S253. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i06s.038.
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This study investigates the genetic diversity and stability of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) crosses through field trials conducted across three diverse environments. A comprehensive evaluation of four traits was performed where 60 crosses were studied, certain combinations exhibited exceptional stability and performance, particularly in dry root yield and total alkaloid content. Crosses such as UWS-92 x UWS10, UWS-100 x UWS-10, UWS-104 x UWS-10 and GP-51 x UWS-10 consistently demonstrated regression coefficients below unity (bI <1) for dry root yield, indicating superior stability and productivity under adverse conditions. Similarly, crosses like UWS-131 x UWS-60 and UWS-92 x UWS-10 exhibited outstanding stability with total alkaloid content, surpassing the average mean of all crosses. These findings highlight the potential of specific cross combinations to enhance ashwagandha cultivation resilience and optimize key economic traits. The study underscores the significance of stable crosses for improving dry root yield and alkaloid content, contributing to the sustainability and profitability of ashwagandha cultivation.
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Sowińska-Świerkosz, Barbara, Julia Wójcik-Madej, and Malwina Michalik-Śnieżek. "An Assessment of the Ecological Landscape Quality (ELQ) of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) Based on Existing Elements of Green and Blue Infrastructure (GBI)." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 11674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111674.
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) positively impact ecological landscape quality (ELQ) by providing multiple benefits, including enhancing natural capital, promoting biodiversity, mitigating water runoff, increasing water retention, and contributing to climate change adaptations and carbon sequestration. To analyze the specific contribution of different NBS types, this study assessed 14 ELQ indicators based on the application of spatial data. Five NBS based on existing elements of green and blue infrastructure (GBI) were analyzed at the city level (Lublin, Poland), including parks (UPs), forests (UFs), water bodies (UWs), allotment gardens (AGs), and woods (Ws). The analysis revealed that different NBS contribute in contrasting ways to the improvement of various dimensions of ELQ. UFs made the biggest contribution to the maintenance of ecological processes and stability, as well as to aesthetic values. Ws together with AGs were crucial to maintaining a high level of diversity at the landscape scale and also contributed to preserving the ecological structure. UWs and UPs had no outstanding impact on ELQ, mainly due to their high level of anthropogenic transformation. The application of spatial indicators proved useful in providing approximate information on the ecological values of different types of NBS when other data types were either unavailable or were only available at a high cost and with considerable time and effort.
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Anning, Berice. "Embedding an Indigenous Graduate Attribute into University of Western Sydney's Courses." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 39, S1 (2010): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100001125.
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AbstractThe paper reports on embedding an Indigenous graduate attribute into courses at the University of Western Sydney (UWS), providing the background to the development and implementation of a holistic and individual Indigenous graduate attribute. It details the approach taken by the Badanami Centre for Indigenous Education in advising the UWS staff on the process for endorsement of the Indigenous graduate attribute. The UWS's recognition of its moral purpose and social responsibility to Indigenous people in Greater Western Sydney has led to the successful re-establishment of Indigenous education at UWS. The paper outlines the unique and innovative approach taken to implement the Indigenous graduate attribute, including: consultation across the Schools at UWS; developing and establishing relationships through the respect of disciplinary culture and tradition; the UWS-wide reform of the traditional discipline approach and the first step towards recognition of the domain of Indigenous knowledge in teaching and research; establishing a team of Indigenous academics; developing a learning and teaching framework for Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous studies; and integrating Indigenous content into curricula at UWS. The Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations funded UWS to develop the Indigenous graduate attribute and implement it by embedding cultural competency and professional capacity into UWS courses.
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Ahmed, Iqbal, Rajendra Babu Dubey, Devendra Jain, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Prashant Kaushik. "Heterosis Studies for Root-Yield-Attributing Characters and Total Alkaloid Content over Different Environments in Withania somnifera L." Agriculture 13, no. 5 (2023): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13051025.
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Ashwagandha is an important, medicinal, less exploited crop and most of its cultivated varieties are local cultivars. Information related to ashwagandha’s genetic diversity is very limited. Hybrid vigor exploitation may be useful in breaking its yield barrier at a commercial scale. A total of 45 F1 crosses were produced during Kharif 2017-18 by using a line x tester matting design, which included three testers along with 15 lines. A total of 65 genotypes were grown in an RBD design, with three replications in three different environments during Kharif 2018-19, and observations were recorded for 11 different yield-attributing traits that were responsible for the estimation of the magnitude of the heterosis. An analysis of variance showed that a valuable amount of diversity existed in the breeding material. Based on the study, three promising crosses viz., UWS-305 × UWS-10, UWS-305 × RVA-100, and UWS-301 × RVA-100 were identified as superior heterotic materials for the root yield at harvest, whereas for the total alkaloid content, three excellent hybrids viz., UWS-309 × RVA-100, UWS-305 × RVA-100, and UWS-314 × RVA-100 were reported. Out of the above crosses, the cross-combination of UWS-305 × RVA-100 showed a significantly positive and useful heterosis on a pooled basis. Hence, the above crosses may be gainfully utilized in breeding programs for ashwagandha.
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Sebastian, Agata, Patryk Woytala, Marta Madej, et al. "Is it possible to not perform salivary gland biopsy in targeted patients according to unstimulated salivary flow results in patients with suspected Sjögren's syndrome?" Rheumatology International 41, no. 6 (2021): 1125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04840-4.
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Abstract Introduction/objective Xerostomia is one of the main symptoms of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The unstimulated salivary flow (UWS) test is one of the objective Sjögren's syndrome classification criteria used to assess xerostomia's severity. The study’s objective was to evaluate UWS rate measurements (with a threshold rate of 0.1 mL/min) in the screening of patients suspected with pSS, presenting with xerostomia in whom labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) should be performed. We will try to answer whether it is possible not to perform LSGB in targeted patients according to UWS results? We analyze the correlation between UWS value and focus score (FS) and anti-SSA antibodies. Methods The study group consisted of subjects above 18 years of age with a subjective feeling of oral dryness. Results A total of 105 subjects were qualified for the study. The final diagnosis of pSS was made in 44 patients according to the classification criteria from 2016. No age differences were identified between pSS patients and control group subjects (patients with dry mouth without autoimmune background). UWS rates were significantly lower in pSS patients than in the control group. No association was identified between UWS and focus score (FS) ≥ 1 in LSGB. No differences were observed between anti-SSA-positive and anti-SSA-negative patients in terms of age, UWS rates, FS. Conclusion LSGB should be performed in all suspected pSS cases regardless of the UWS rate value, particularly in subjects without specific anti-SSA antibodies. In patients with suspected pSS, only less than one-half of the UWS measurements are below the value of 0.1 mL/min adopted as the threshold in the classification criteria for pSS.
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Van Der Burg, Michael P. M., Onno R. Guicherit, Marijke Frölich, Frans A. Prins, Jan Anthonie Bruijn, and Hein G. Gooszen. "Cell Preservation in University of Wisconsin Solution during Isolation of Canine Islets of Langerhans." Cell Transplantation 3, no. 4 (1994): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979400300408.
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Allogeneic islet transplantation in Type I diabetic patients is considerably hampered by the variable outcome of islet isolation and purification. After collagenase digestion of the pancreas, islet isolation is traditionally performed under hypothermic conditions in physiological solutions such as Hanks and RPMI. The University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) has been shown superior for hypothermic preservation of the pancreas. We, therefore, compared the UWS and RPMI for canine islet isolation and subsequent purification in either a conventional hyperosmotic density gradient of dextran in Hanks, or a novel normosmotic density gradient of Percoll in UWS. The isolation solution did not affect islet yield before purification (51% of the native islet mass). Loss of amylase (30%) and swelling of the acinar cells were observed in RPMI. In contrast, no loss of amylase and slight shrinkage of the acinar cells were observed in the UWS. Cell swelling affected the density separation and viability of the cells. Dextran density separation resulted in a 15% purity and 41% recovery of the islets isolated in RPMI, as compared to a 93% purity and 52% recovery of islets isolated in UWS. Percoll density separation improved the purity (99%) and recovery (74%) of islets isolated in UWS. Islets isolated in UWS demonstrated a superior basal and glucose stimulated insulin release during perifusion. Electron microscopy demonstrated a well-preserved islet ultrastructure after isolation in both solutions — except for slightly swollen mitochondria after isolation in RPMI. Autotransplantation of islets in pancreatectomised dogs was successful both after isolation in UWS and RPMI. We conclude that prevention of cell swelling during isolation and purification in the UWS resulted in an improved yield of viable and consistent virtually pure islets. Prevention of cell swelling during islet isolation should facilitate the analysis and control of other factors affecting outcome in man.
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Liu, Heyuan. "The form of consciousness in brain & pathology and treatment of UWS." Theoretical and Natural Science 45, no. 1 (2024): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240575.
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The study of consciousness, a fundamental aspect of human existence, spans neurobiology, brain science, and psychology. In nested hierarchies in the brain, consciousness is a confluence of wakefulness, arousal, and awareness. Disorders of consciousness, such as the Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS), present profound challenges in the medical domain. UWS patients experience severe disturbances in awareness and reactivity, often due to traumatic or non-traumatic brain injuries. Central to the debate on consciousness is the thalamus, a neural relay pivotal to cognitive function. Recent research emphasizes the thalamuss role in disorders like UWS, particularly when stemming from thalamic injuries. Novel thalamic interventions, like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Stereotactic Thalamotomy, have been explored for therapeutic potential, showing varying outcomes. The transition towards targeted thalamic treatments, underscored by advanced imaging insights, marks a shift in UWS therapeutic strategies. However, the intricacies of the thalamus and the heterogeneity of UWS necessitate a comprehensive and individualized approach. As researchers delve deeper, the thalamus stands central to potential breakthroughs in restoring consciousness in UWS patients.
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Behzadian, K., Z. Kapelan, G. Venkatesh, H. Brattebø, and S. Sægrov. "WaterMet2: a tool for integrated analysis of sustainability-based performance of urban water systems." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 7, no. 1 (2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-7-63-2014.
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Abstract. This paper presents the "WaterMet2" model for long-term assessment of urban water system (UWS) performance which will be used for strategic planning of the integrated UWS. WaterMet2 quantifies the principal water-related flows and other metabolism-based fluxes in the UWS such as materials, chemicals, energy and greenhouse gas emissions. The suggested model is demonstrated through sustainability-based assessment of an integrated real-life UWS for a daily time-step over a 30-year planning horizon. The integrated UWS modelled by WaterMet2 includes both water supply and wastewater systems. Given a rapid population growth, WaterMet2 calculates six quantitative sustainability-based indicators of the UWS. The result of the water supply reliability (94%) shows the need for appropriate intervention options over the planning horizon. Five intervention strategies are analysed in WaterMet2 and their quantified performance is compared with respect to the criteria. Multi-criteria decision analysis is then used to rank the intervention strategies based on different weights from the involved stakeholders' perspectives. The results demonstrate that the best and robust strategies are those which improve the performance of both water supply and wastewater systems.
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Behzadian, K., Z. Kapelan, G. Venkatesh, H. Brattebø, and S. Sægrov. "WaterMet2: a tool for integrated analysis of sustainability-based performance of urban water systems." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 7, no. 1 (2014): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-7-1-2014.
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Abstract. This paper presents the new "WaterMet2" model for long-term assessment of urban water system (UWS) performance which will be used for strategic planning of the integrated UWS. WaterMet2 quantifies the principal water-related flows and other metabolism-based fluxes in the UWS such as materials, chemicals, energy, greenhouse gas emissions. The suggested model is demonstrated through sustainability-based assessment of an integrated UWS of Oslo city for daily time step over a 30 yr planning horizon. The integrated UWS modelled by WaterMet2 includes both water supply and wastewater systems. Given a fast population growth, WaterMet2 calculates six quantitative sustainability-based indicators of the UWS. The result of the water supply reliability (94%) shows the need for appropriate intervention options over the planning horizon. Five intervention strategies are analysed in WaterMet2 and their quantified performance are compared with respect to the criteria. Multi-criteria decision analysis is then used to rank the intervention strategies based on different weights from the involved stakeholders' perspectives. The results demonstrate the best and robust strategies are those which improve the performance of both water supply and wastewater systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "UWS"
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Oka, Gusti Made. "Factors affecting the management of Muntjac Deer (Muntiacus muntjak) in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia." Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:176.
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The principal aim of the study which was conducted between May 1995 and May 1997 was to collect and analyze information that would be considered vital to any future management actions that may be applied to the deer living in the wild in the Bali Barat National Park ecosystem in Indonesia. The systems approach used sought to analyze the complex interactions between the soil, plant, animal and human activity subsystems. In particular, interaction between Rusa deer and Muntjac deer was compared where possible, although the principal focus of the study was on the population of Muntjac deer. The soils in habitats frequented by deer in Bali Barat National Park were found to be of relatively low fertility status. Chemical analysis of the soil revealed that all of the mineral element contents considered in this study were in the lowest range for soils, in general. During this study the population of Muntjac deer in the Bali Barat National Park was submitted to phylogenetic analysis to determine whether the Bali population is distinct. Preliminary results indicate that these deer are apart of a diverse, but monophyletic group of Muntiacus Muntjac. The potential unique status of Muntjac deer in Bali Barat National Park, and the need to preserve them as part of the natural resource base that constitutes the Indonesian archipelago increased the importance of this study of the ecosystem and social system surrounding Bali Barat National Park.
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Hickman, Louise D. "Patients, carers and nurses : collaborators in development of a new model of nursing care for older persons in the acute care setting." Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:48031.
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Globally the population is ageing and as a consequence people are living longer with multiple chronic conditions. A range of factors, including decreased lengths of hospital stay and a greater focus on community based care, has led to an increasing acuity of patients admitted to acute care settings, many with complex care needs. To date, models of nursing care in acute settings have been configured to focus on acute, procedural care and do not meet the unique needs of the older person. In order to ensure optimal health outcomes of older hospitalised people, nursing care needs to be responsive to the priorities and needs of patients and their families. This study sought to collaboratively develop a model of nursing care with nurse clinicians to improve the care of older people in the acute care setting. Model development was driven by an action research framework, using evidence-based principles and a comprehensive needs assessment. A three phased, mixed method design was embedded within the overarching conceptual and philosophical framework of action research. The first phase of the study comprised a needs assessment and allowed appraisal of the needs of patients as perceived by patients, carer’s and nurses, this was performed using the Caring Activity Scale [CAS]. Qualitative data and semi-structured interviews added depth to the survey data and qualified responses by confirming that patients thought that nurses did the best they could within a culture of busyness, while patients strived to maintain and sustain their own independence. Managing the discharge process and carer burden arose mainly from the carer semi-structured interviews only. Data revealed significant differences between patients, carer’s and nurses in relation to priority and satisfaction with care. Patients did not place a large importance on discharge care which contrasted with the focus of nursing initiatives. During the subsequent phases of the study a collaborative approach, using action research principles, was used to develop and implement a model of nursing care. A key feature of this model was the introduction of a team structure with a focus on patient centred care. Significant differences were identified in the pre model and post model patient groups in relation to satisfaction with care, with the post model group more satisfied than the pre group model group. Further, improvements in functional status and medication knowledge were demonstrated among patients cared for under the new model. This study has demonstrated that developing a model of care appropriate to the needs of patients, carer’s and nurses can be achieved through the use of action research principles. Study data illustrates the importance of collaboration, empowerment and change management principles in driving clinical improvement and patient satisfaction with care. The findings also underscore the importance of promoting and educating patients and carers as well as nurses about the importance of discharge planning to optimise post-discharge health outcomes.
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Billah, Mamun. "Staff perception on the impact of management control system changes in altering operating behaviour to align with strategic imperatives : a university case study." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:38840.
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The thesis explored the attempts of management to respond to stakeholder pressures through selection of strategies supported by revised management control systems. Particular emphasis was on understanding the implementation of the management control system in its organisational context. As part of that, the study examined the effectiveness of these efforts to realigning staff behaviour to match the strategic goals. Over the past three decades the rapid changes in political and economic environmental (external and internal) factors put pressures on the universities to adopt strategies, policies and performance measurement systems similar to any business organisation and this was also reflected in the change in leadership (management) positions within the organisation. The replication of the private sector performance measurement systems in the newly adopted MCS has significantly changed the reporting structures, responsibility and accountability measures of universities by replacing the traditional collegial-based model with a much more centralised management-imposed style. However, it is not known whether staff equally perceived the same pressures as legitimate enough for the implementation of the dramatic reconstitution and there is very little understanding of staff perceptions on how many of these factors were responsible for strategic changes in the higher education sectors. The motivation for the research therefore originated from curiosity to understand whether/how the staff at different levels perceived the impact of those strategic changes and whether they have significantly changed operational behaviours. An element of this case study was to identify, from staff perceptions, the major external and internal factors responsible for strategic changes of a university and their consequential impact on the Management Control Systems (MCS). It also addressed whether and/or how the change in the MCS has changed the operational behaviour of staff to achieve the University’s strategic goals. The study is based on a social constructionist approach and has utilised the intellectual merits of Institutional Theory and Resource Dependence Theory to understand the legitimacy and resource dependency aspects of the change process. The two main theories have been complemented with the use of Silence Theory to understand the changes in staff operational behaviours. It is expected the in-depth understanding provided by the study would help in future strategy development and the implementation process with a stronger focus on the behavioural aspects of change. The major findings of the study show that the three groups of interviewees displayed a mix of attitudes towards identifying the major influential factors. The Government influence was identified as the strongest external factor that regulated the University’s responses to the remaining influential factors. It was identified that staff attitudes towards any external factor was not influenced by the merit of that factor but rather the way the University implemented the changes within the organisation. Some staff at both the mid-level and the operational level displayed negative attitudes towards how the strategic changes were implemented. The study identified perception gaps among the three levels of staff on the impact of the Management Control Systems on staff operational behaviours. It was identified that the overall impact of the MCS changes tended to show the behaviour of the operating level group was often goal incongruent although the formal reporting indicators showed the opposite. The internal resource allocation process had been used as the major lever of control. Tone of communication had also been used by the top management as a control tactic. Decoupling behaviours emerged from the major external pressure (government) and was adopted by different levels of individuals in different ways. These differences created confusion and contributed to the perception gap between the top management and operating level staff. One of the most important findings of the study is the level of covert resistance among operating level staff. A significant number of them adopted the ‘silent treatment’ as a resistance strategy that had affected achievement of strategic goals; a behaviour that was overlooked and/or neglected by the management. The study also found that the strategy implementation based on the new business model approach adopted by the University was not accepted by staff as it conflicted with their traditional values. In this case it was found that the emphasis placed on the technical aspects of the MCS was inadequate in addressing the behavioural elements of achieving goal congruence.
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Assiri, Ahmad. "The use of metaphors in political feature articles translated form English into Arabic : a contrastive-critical discourse analysis." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:44664.
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Metaphors constitute a key element of political discourse in just about any language. That being said, little has been done to investigate the use of metaphors in political-feature articles translated from English into Arabic. Therefore, with the aim of analysing how metaphors are employed in such political-feature articles, a set of three feature articles: (1) authentic Arabic feature articles, (2) authentic English feature articles, (3) and the translations of the English feature articles into Arabic, was examined to investigate how writers employ metaphors in each of those datasets. The authentic texts, written in both Arabic and English, involve Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in which texts are analysed in order to examine how writers in both languages employ metaphors in the original texts. The translated texts from English into Arabic involve CDA and Contrastive Analysis (CA) wherein texts are analysed before being compared and contrasted with the authentic texts. The results of the study show a significant level of reliance on metaphors for communicating political messages with the target audiences in the STs. This, in turn, requires an adequate translation from English into Arabic so as to preserve the intended messages. In other words, the present study shows the critical importance of accurately translating political metaphors from English into Arabic, which could be further justified from the perspective of conveying the most appropriate and accurate message to the target audience.
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Peel, Nicole. "Young people in foster care and their leisure : tools for living independently." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:52999.
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This thesis utilises a case study method with a small cohort of young people in foster care to generate an explanation of how leisure can be used beneficially to move to and through their transition from care to independent living at 18 years of age. The foster care environment, as a sub-set of Out-of-Home Care (OOHC), has been described as complex, regulated and one in which those in care have at times little or no control over important aspects of their lives. Indeed, it has been reported that young people in foster care are sometimes told by those in authority such as teachers that they need not concern themselves with ambition or aspiration because their life choices are already limited by their situation and their environment. Nevertheless, there are two sides to foster care and the second side involves supportive birth families, foster families, teachers, counsellors, case workers and friendships. As well, there is an inherent optimism among those in care reported by some authors. This inherent optimism, frequently expressed through leisure, was found to be well established in the great majority of the twelve case studies undertaken. This optimism is evident in the study as an underpinning of the willingness of participants to look to the future, to plan, to understand their leisure environment, to actively apply personally held cognitive skills and to generate outcomes and experiences that were useful to them. A number of interesting factors relevant to the use of leisure by young people in foster care have been articulated in the study. It is noted, for example, that the participants were using a range of cognitive resources to date unreported in the literature on foster care or OOHC and only reported as a limited allied concept in the leisure literature. However, the small amount of work in the leisure literature was not undertaken in regards to foster care. The use of personal cognitive resources was found to be widespread and multifaceted within the cohort studied. These resources were not leisure specific and while their application was, it does not need be. In effect then, participants were using, or creating and using, and practicing the use of sets of cognitive resources applicable to independent living after transition from care at the age of 18.
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Zhao, Chenchen. "A conserved chloroplast retrograde signal regulates stomatal closure for drought tolerance in plants." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:51886.
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Stomata are the pores on leaves that are responsible for transpiration and exchange of gases with the surrounding atmosphere. In agriculture, about 90% of transpirational water loss is via these tiny pores of various crops. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in stomatal closure will potentially provide important clues for breeding crops with high water use efficiency and drought tolerance. This thesis aimed to understand mechanisms from both physiological and molecular aspects of a chloroplast retrograde signal [3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphate (PAP) and 3’,5’- bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 (SAL1)] that enhances plant drought tolerance by regulating stomatal closure.
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Nikesitch, Nicholas. "The roles of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:47352.
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Multiple myeloma (MM) remains as a predominantly incurable malignancy despite high-dose chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant and novel agents. MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease with increasing genetic complexity as the disease progresses to a more aggressive stage. The disease is characterised by the proliferation of plasma cell clone/s, and the continual production of immunoglobulin fragments, known as paraprotein. The malignancy most commonly affects an aged population with approximately 1200 new cases diagnosed in Australia each year. The introduction of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), such as bortezomib (Bz), has improved the life expectancy of MM patients significantly. However, not all MM patients respond to Bz. The response rate to Bz and dexamethasome in newly diagnosed MM is about 40-80%, while only 30% in relapsed/refractory MM. Therefore, relapsed refractory MM, in particular those who are refractory to proteasome inhibitors, remain the biggest hurdle in treating the disease. Myeloma cells are highly dependent upon the unfolded protein response (UPR) to modulate ER stress levels and restore cellular proteostasis. The excessive levels of paraprotein produced by myeloma cells surpass the ERs protein folding ability, leading to proteotoxicity and ER stress. The removal of protein levels by proteasomal degradation is one way in which the UPR in myeloma cells reduces ER stress levels, whilst also orchestrating the reduction of gene transcription and protein translation. The activation of the UPR is regulated through three endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins: IRE- 1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1), PERK (double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) - like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). One of the most important regulators of this pathway, downstream of IRE1, is XBP-1 (X-box Binding Protein 1). XBP-1 is not only critical in the activation and regulation of the UPR, but is also important in secretory cells, as well as being necessary in plasma cell differentiation. During UPR activation, XBP-1 is activated through the splicing of a 26bp intron from XBP-1 mRNA into its active isoform. This is facilitated by IRE1, but can also be achieved by ATF6. The expression of XBP-1 is able to predict PI sensitivity in MM patients. The mRNA expression of both the total amount and spliced (active) isoform of XBP-1 are substantially reduced under increasing Bz resistance in MM, although XBP-1 is not a direct target of Bz. Its expression is possibly a surrogate marker for dependence on the UPR in MM. Therefore, an alternative stress mechanism is likely to be compensating reduced UPR activity and alleviating ER stress in Bz resistance. It is possible that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is compensating the UPR in Bz resistance. CMA is a highly specific degradation pathway responsible for the removal of damaged and unwanted soluble cytosolic proteins. The CMA pathway is already known to be important in modulating oxidative stress, nutrient starvation, and eliminating damaged proteins. The activity of CMA is directly proportional to the expression of LAMP2A, as LAMP2A is the rate-limiting factor in CMA activity. The expression of LAMP2A is known to be upregulated in a variety of tumours relative to untransformed cells, and also promotes tumour proliferation. LAMP2A protein expression is also significantly higher in a number of tumour tissues relative to their surrounding untransformed healthy tissue, thereby establishing the importance of CMA in tumour biology. The purpose of this project was to improve the existing understanding surrounding the role of the UPR in Bz sensitivity in MM. The project further aimed to determine the importance of CMA in Bz resistance, and whether CMA compensated the UPR in Bz resistant myeloma cells, conferring resistance. We hypothesised that reduced dependence on the UPR mediates Bz resistance in MM. We further hypothesised that CMA would be upregulated in Bz resistant cells, which subsequently would compensate the UPR in alleviating ER stress. Therefore, the inhibition of CMA in Bz resistant cells was hypothesised to result in cell death, providing a novel therapeutic target in treating Bz resistance in MM.
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Moran, Frances. "Perceived barriers, facilitators and patterns of physical activity of older old adults living in assisted retirement accommodation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:36883.
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There is little data on the physical activity and perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity of the older old living in assisted care. Physical activity is known to play a key role in healthy ageing and people aged 85 years and older are the largest growing proportion of the population. This study aims to: Identify perceived barriers and facilitators to participating in physical activity for the older old living in assisted care accommodation compared to independent living; assess the relationship of place of residence (assisted care versus independent living) to self-reported and objectively measured physical activity levels and functional indicators (strength and balance); and to assess the value of self-reported physical activity measures in this population, specifically the convergent validity between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity and association with functional indicators.
A cross sectional study was undertaken using qualitative and quantitative methods. Focus groups, physical activity and functional indicator measures were conducted with a convenience sample (n=40) of non-demented residents currently living in assisted care (mean age=89.2years) and independent living (mean age =78.9 years) in a southern metropolitan Sydney retirement village. Barrier and facilitator themes were derived from thematic analysis of focus groups’ transcripts. Physical activity measures included average steps per day, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sitting behaviour measured by Sense Wear accelerometry and self-reported physical activity measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form; IPAQ).
Health concerns, fear of injury and motivation were overarching themes of barriers to participation; however, the frequency of these themes differed by place of residence. People living independently more often identified fear of injury and lack of motivation as barriers to physical activity. People living in assisted care more often identified health concerns as barriers to participating in physical activity. The social and physical environments were found to be key facilitators of physical activity. Social support as a facilitator was important for both genders. Staff involvement was identified as a key facilitator of physical activity for people living in assisted care. Whereas people living independently identified other residents or companions as important in facilitating physical activity. Aspects of the physical environment that were reported to increase participation in physical activity for independent living participants were short walking distances to facilities such as the gym, shops and parks. For the assisted living group, aspects of the physical environment that were reported to increase participation in physical activity accessibility of paths and the strategic placement of seats (seating situated with short distances between them). Both groups identified pleasant scenery as an important facilitator of physical activity. This pilot investigation suggests that to keep older old adults physically active, social support and staff involvement are important facilitators for physical activity participation. Attention should be directed to making the physical environment safe and conducive to physical activity participation. This may involve having level paths for walking and strategically placed seating to allow for rest periods. In the older old it appears that increased hours of sitting are related to functional limitations. Therefore, attention should be directed to encouraging older old adults to sit for fewer hours during the day and participate in some form of physical activity.
Significant differences in age-adjusted balance and strength capacity were noted between people living in assisted care and independent living accommodation. People living independently had greater leg strength and better balance than people living in assisted care. By contrast, the only differences in age-adjusted physical activity patterns were greater average steps per day for the independent living group. The agreement between MVPA, steps per day and functional indicators (strength and balance) was low. No associations were found between steps per day or MVPA and measures of functional indicators. Sitting behaviour was inversely associated with functional indicators. That is, more hours spent sitting was correlated with decreased measures of strength and balance. Comparison between IPAQ (self-report) and SenseWear (objective) measures indicated a clear pattern of error in overestimating moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with the IPAQ. The assisted living group overestimated physical activity levels on the IPAQ to a greater degree than the independently living group. There was, however, greater agreement between the IPAQ and SenseWear when measuring sitting behaviour. The participants were able to recall more accurately the amount of time they spent sitting compared to the objective sitting measures.
In this study, self –reported data of physical activity should be taken with great caution in the older old population, especially in assisted care, as they overestimated physical activity levels using the IPAQ a greater degree than those living independently. This study found poor convergent validity between self-reported physical activity measures (IPAQ) and objectively measured (SenseWear) physical activity levels. Functional indicators appear unrelated to measures of physical activity such as MVPA and steps per day highlighting the inability of these aerobic dimensions to influence strength and balance. Strength and balance have been found to be key factors in healthy ageing and preventing falls, hence, it is important to include in questionnaires for older adults, specific questions on strength and balance activities in this population.
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Cowie, Erin. "The influence of iron concentration on the production of pyoverdine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mono and mixed biofilm cultures". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:52076.
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Most species of bacteria have the ability to form biofilms, communities of bacterial cells that aggregate in a self-made matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), that allow them to adhere to inert and organic substances (Banin, Vasil and Greenberg, 2005; Lin et al., 2012). The biofilm is perceived to be the dominant form of bacterial life in the environment (Donlan and Costerton, 2002) and in comparison to planktonic or free swimming cells, sessile or biofilm cells often have a higher tolerance to antibiotics and host defense mechanisms, alluding to their importance in human health and disease (Hentzer, Eberl and Givskov, 2005). One of the many factors regulating biofilm growth and formation is the presence or absence of iron (Lin et al., 2012). Iron is an essential nutrient for growth, in order to acquire iron many bacteria produce siderophores to sequester iron from host proteins and the environment (Rédly and Poole, 2003). Pyoverdine (PVD) is one of two hydroxamate classed siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa (Meyer et al., 1997; Schalk et al., 2001) and regulated in part by Fur (Imperi, Banin). While iron concentration, pyoverdine production and biofilm formation have been studied in relation to P. aeruginosa, studies of this complex relationship has not yet been conducted in relation to mixed cultures. The aim of this research was to study the influence of iron concentration on the production of pyoverdine by Psuedomonas aeruginosa in mono and mixed biofilm cultures with Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain. An iron assay kit determined the concentration of iron in 1% TSB to be 1.62μM. Pyoverdine levels in P. aeruginosa biofilms were higher in 0.1% TSB biofilms than 1% TSB biofilms. In planktonic growth, pyoverdine concentration was higher in 1% TSB. Crystal violet assays were used to determine the biofilm forming capabilities of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus Newman in differing iron conditions. P. aeruginosa formed more biofilm in 1% TSB, and formed more biofilm than S. aureus Newman in both media. S. aureus, surprisingly, formed more biofilm in 1% TSB as opposed to 0.1%TSB regardless of the fact that S. aureus Newman was been proven to promote biofilm formation only in low iron environments (Johnson, Cockayne and Morrissey, 2008; Lin et al., 2012). The amount of CFU of bacteria in mixed cultures was determined through sonicating biofilm cells into buffer and spread plating. P. aeruginosa dominated the biofilm growth in all 0.1% TSB mixed biofilms, however in 1% TSB mixed culture, S. aureus Newman produced more biofilm than P. aeruginosa when inoculated first. Due to interference within the co-cultures, the pyoverdine levels within the mixed culture biofilms were not established. Further investigation of pyoverdine concentrations in mixed culture biofilms of different iron concentrations would allow for a better understanding of the complex interrelationship between pyoverdine production, biofilm formation and iron concentration. Three factors that contribute significantly to the bacteria’s ability to cause infection and mortality.
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Korotta-Gamage, Shashika M. "Improvement of chlorine stability by natural organic matter removal using a combination of biologically activated carbon with coagulation in drinking water treatment." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:51708.
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This study focuses on the feasibility of biologically activated carbon (BAC) to enhance natural organic matter (NOM) removal by subsequent coagulation. This will reduce chlorine demand and it is expected that the removal would also reduce disinfection by-products (DBP). The NOM is a heterogeneous mixture of complex organic materials abundantly occurs in all natural water sources. These organic matters are the potential precursors for the formation of carcinogenic DBP and cause several other water quality problems. Aimed mainly at removing particles in the water, the coagulation process, the major conventional water treatment method, removes only a small amount of higher molecular weight (MW) fractions of NOM. To remove a higher amount of organic matter, larger doses of coagulant, such as ferric or aluminium salts, need to be added. In a normal water treatment plant, coagulation tank is followed by flocculation tank and sedimentation basin to remove the flocs formed. With the requirement to process water quickly, especially in the treatment of low turbidity water the sedimentation tank is avoided and only smaller doses of coagulant are applied and subjected to direct filtration, such as in treatment plants of Sydney Water. Hence, the challenge is to remove more NOM effectively and increase the chlorine stability without increasing the coagulant dose. The BAC process is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly water treatment method for removing biodegradable organic matters (BOM). It is used as a polishing step followed by coagulation or ozonation. It is well known that BAC removes NOM of hydrophilic nature and smaller MW which is less amenable to removal by the coagulation and many toxic and endocrine compounds which are not otherwise removed. In addition, it is known the biological activities increase soluble microbial products (SMP) which in turn helped in aiding the NOM removal by subsequent coagulation in recycled wastewater. The study, for the first time, explores the feasibility of using BAC as a pre-treatment of surface water to traditional coagulation process, equipped with direct filtration.
Books on the topic "UWS"
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UWS/WTCS Committee on Baccalaureate Expansion. Expanding access to baccalaureate education in Wisconsin: Report of the joint UWS/WTCS Committee on Baccalaureate Expansion to [the] president, University of Wisconsin System [and the] president, Wisconsin Technical College System. University of Wisconsin System, 2005.
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Fuqua, Nell. U.S. Presidents Feats & Foul-Ups: The Good, the Bad, and the Silly. Lemon Drop Press, 2003.
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Hörig, Rainer. Selbst die Götter haben sie uns geraubt: Indiens Adivasi kämpfen ums Überleben. Edited by Bangert Yvonne. Gesellschaft für Bedrohte Völker, 1990.
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Kent, Molly. USS Arizona's last band: The history of U.S. Navy Band Number 22. Silent Song, 1996.
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Fischer, Frederick C. Experienced and conquered: Frederick C. Fischer, musician, U.S. Navy aboard USS Constitution, 1844-1846. Peach Originals, 1996.
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Jacobs, Rainer, Walter F. Lindacher, and Otto Teplitzky, eds. UWG. DE GRUYTER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110920376.
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1961-, Hart David M., ed. The emergence of entrepreneurship policy: Governance, start-ups, and growth in the U.S. knowledge economy. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Brainard, S. Lael. Are U.S. multinationals exporting U.S. jobs? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "UWS"
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Nestler, Thomas. "Aufbau eines UWS-Investitionsmodells." In Umweltschutzinvestitionen im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe. Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13260-9_4.
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Nestler, Thomas. "Erklärungsmodelle für UWS-Investitionen." In Umweltschutzinvestitionen im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe. Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13260-9_5.
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Mackiewicz, Jo. "The UWS Writing Center in Place and Time." In Writing Center Talk over Time. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429469237-1.
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Mackiewicz, Jo. "Changes in the Aboutness of Talk at the UWS Writing Center." In Writing Center Talk over Time. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429469237-9.
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Liao, Yujun, and P. Dimopoulus Eggenschwiler. "Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics of UWS spray impingement in diesel SCR." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13255-2_5.
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Dunnett, Stephen B., James Winslow, Tomasz Schneider, et al. "UPS." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4618.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Uns-." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12370.
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Gooch, Jan W. "UTS." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12411.
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Terré, Michel, Mylène Pischella, and Emmanuelle Vivier. "UWB." In Wireless Telecommunication Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118625422.ch6.
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Clarke, Thomas. "UBS." In International Corporate Governance. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315749990-17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "UWS"
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Schultz, Mark, and Eric Bosanac. "The Evolution & Benefits of Ultra-High Solids Coatings." In SSPC 2008. SSPC, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2008-00060.
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Abstract The U.S. Navy has implemented the use of Ultra High Solids (UHS) coatings as tank linings over the past decade. This paper reviews the evolution to UHS coatings, their performance benefits, and the environmental impact of using these materials. The next generation of UHS coatings incorporating rapid cure properties and optically active fluorescent pigments will also be explored.
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Eidhagen, Josefin, Ulf Kivisäkk, Nicolas Larché, Sandra Le Manchet, and Hervé Marchebois. "UNS S32707 Combinded to UNS S31266." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09421.
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Abstract In the process industry, seawater is commonly used when available to cool process fluids. However chlorination of the seawater is widely used to limit any microbial activity; that makes the environment quite aggressive. Chlorination oxidizes and increases the corrosion potential to approximately +600mVSCE for stainless steels and leads to higher susceptibility to localized corrosion. Super duplex stainless steels, PRENw &gt;40, in seawater-cooled heat exchangers can be used at limited temperatures otherwise Ti Gr.2 shall be used for equipment integrity over the service life. Recent results with combination of hyper duplex UNS S32707 tubes and super austenite UNS S31266 plate, with PRENw of 49 resp. 53, for seawater-cooled heat exchangers are presented. Testing is performed in seawater cooled scale model heat exchangers with 0.5 ppm residual chlorine during a period of 18 months. Thus, it shows a corrosion resistance of the materials at a heat flux representative to a tube skin temperature up to 95°C inside in the seawater. These new results also show a good correlation with the field service and help to challenge the use of Titanium in seawater-cooled heat exchangers.
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Johnsen, Roy, and Haavard Vingsand. "Corrosion Properties of UNS S32750, UNS N06022 and UNS N10276 in Seawater." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09195.
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Abstract High alloyed stainless steels and Nickel alloys are frequently used in the seawater environment. Depending on the actual exposure conditions – temperature and residual chlorine level – the alloys will be immune or suffer corrosion. Field experiences indicate that while high alloyed stainless steels suffer from crevice or pitting corrosion when critical values are exceeded, Ni-alloys will suffer from uniform surface corrosion. This paper presents results from laboratory testing of UNS S32750, UNS N06022 and UNS N10276 in simulated seawater environments. Artificial crevices kept at fixed potentials simulating natural seawater and chlorinated seawater at different chlorination levels, were exposed at temperatures ranging from 20°C – 80°C while the anodic current was measured. The results from the testing show that UNS S32750 will suffer from crevice corrosion, while UNS N06022 and UNS N10276 suffer from uniform corrosion on the surface outside the crevice. No corrosion was found in the artificial crevices even at 800 mV SCE and 80°C on UNS N06022 and UNS N10276.
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Staebler, Richard R. "Comparison of Duplex to Austenitic Stainless Steels for Dot 407 and 412 Cargo Tanks in Liquid Chemical Service." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98628.
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Abstract U.S. Highway transportation of liquid chemicals has depended upon austenitic stainless steels (316 & 304) since the 1940's. This paper will compare these austenitics to the duplex stainless steels (UNS S31803 and S32205 both commonly known as 2205 and UNS S32304 commonly known as 2304) from various aspects such as: composition, mechanical and physical properties; corrosion resistance; design, manufacturing and welding of vessel; heating panel application on the bottom of the vessel; surface finish; DOT Regulations; and cost. Some actual experience with 2205 will be explained.
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Wegand, John, James Tagert, Paul Slebodnick, Patrick Cassidy, and Cameron Miller. "Status of High Temperature Resistant Thermal Spray Nonskid Coatings within the U.S. Navy." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00059.
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Abstract The U.S. Navy has determined that thermal spray coatings can be used as an alternative to traditional epoxy based nonskid coatings under high temperature applications to extend service life. Traditional nonskid coatings break down under the stresses leading to loss of adhesion, deck corrosion and reduced slip resistance. Using a twin-wire arc spray system, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) successfully applied an aluminum based ceramic-metallic thermal spray material on the flight deck of USS Wasp (LHD 1). The two demonstration areas on the USS Wasp have undergone two separate sea trials of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F-35B variant, with a total of over 100 landings with no indications of break down. While the benefits of the thermal spray nonskid system have already been realized on USS Wasp, NRL has several programs currently underway to optimize the technology. Robotic application units are being implemented to eliminate human error, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Alternative thermal spray wire materials are being tested for improved performance with reduced cost. Proper application procedures, repair procedures and quality assurance requirements are being generated as part of a specification package. By using these rigorous standards and lessons learned from laboratory testing and field demonstrations, NRL intends, hopefully, to provide the Navy with a ten year service life high temperature resistant nonskid coating.
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Hwang, Yun-Young, Il-Jin Oh, Hyung-Jun Im, Kyu-Chul Lee, Kangchan Lee, and Seungyun Lee. "UWS Broker for Ubiquitous Web Services Dynamic Discovery." In The 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Pervasive Computing (IPC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipc.2007.59.
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Venkatachalam, Palaniappan, Shashidhar Shiva, Vaishali Govindarajan, Prerna Soni, and Sachin Patidar. "Novel UWS Injection Technique for SCR Performance Improvement." In 11th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference (SIIMC 2024). SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0133.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The present study aims to meet the Euro-VII compliance applicable for internal combustion engines (diesel and hydrogen) by improving the performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using a novel urea water solution (UWS) mist injection technique. In SCR system, the interaction of exhaust gas and UWS resulted into ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) species, which is mixed with harmful NO<sub>x</sub> emission and converted into harmless by-products. Despite the proven technology, there are several challenges presented in the existing system which restricts the ideal performance of SCR system especially during cold starting condition: (i) incomplete droplet evaporation (ii) solid deposit formation (iii) non uniformity of NH<sub>3</sub> distribution at the catalyst entrance. The past studies shows that the droplet size plays a major role in this context. Further, it is noted that the smaller size droplets are desirable to overcome the impediments and enhance the efficiency of SCR application. Therefore, it is decided to investigate the effect of mist (contains very fine size droplets) injection on the important factors of SCR system such as formation and spatial uniformity of NH<sub>3</sub> species, and urea solid deposition on the mixing chamber wall. For this purpose, the study is carried out using the numerical simulation where the Reynolds Average Navier Stoke (RANS) and discrete phase model (DPM) is used to simulate the exhaust gas and mist, respectively. The results highlight that using the mist injection is a promising solution as it not only promotes the droplet evaporation rate but also enhances the NH<sub>3</sub> distribution which leads to a homogeneous mixture of NH<sub>3</sub>/NO<sub>x</sub>. Further, it is noted that the amount of urea solid deposition is significantly smaller on the mixing chamber wall.</div></div>
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T.N.C, Anand, Senthilkumar P, and Shamit Bakshi. "Break up length on Urea Water Solution jet in hot cross flow." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4982.
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Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) using Urea-Water Solution (UWS) as an ammonia precursor is consideredas one of the best choices to meet the current stringent emission norms for reduction of NOX in diesel engines. UWS sprayed in the engine exhaust line forms ammonia, and this ammonia reduces NOX into nitrogen. The NOX reduction efficiency depends on the mixing and evaporation behavior of the UWS spray in the hot exhaust gas. Spray characteristics decide the evaporation rate and hence the NOX reduction efficiency. The spray structure is closely related to the breakup point and breakup mode of the jet. Hence, in this study, breakup length and breakup mode were investigated by injecting UWS (32.5 % by weight) through a nozzle in a hot air cross flow. A CCD camera and pulsed Nd:Yag laser were used for capturing the images. Experiments were conducted with varying nozzle size (150, 250 and 400 micron), injection pressure (0.5 to 3 bar), temperature (32 °C,150 °C and 200 °C) and air flow rate. The effect of operating parameters (nozzle size, injection pressure, air temperature and velocity) in terms of dimensionless numbers (Weber number and momentum flux ratio) on jet breakup mode and jet breakup length was studied. It was observed that the breakup length for UWS was close to that of water. The jet breakup length increases with momentum flux ratio since a jet having a higher momentum is able to penetrate a larger distance in the cross flow. Increasing the air temperature increases the velocity of the cross flow and hence reduces the breakup length. A correlation for jet breakup length was developed. The effect of inclusion of Weber number in the breakup length correlation, in addition to the momentum flux ratio, was studied. Visual observation shows that droplet sizes obtained from the plain orifice injector without preheating is large. Preheatingthe UWS before injection is recommended to reduce the droplet size.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4982
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Kabir, Nahin, Habiba Abdelhafez, Nurettin Sezer, Ibrahim Galal Hassan, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, and Mohammad Azizur Rahman. "Investigation of the Urban Microclimate Variations Based on the Measured Weather Data: a Case Study of Education City and Lusail City of Qatar." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112927.
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Abstract Due to significant cooling requirements, urban buildings in hot climatic regions require careful analysis of Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Urban Wind Sheltering (UWS) effects for accurate design of cooling systems. Most studies considered microclimatic data from a nearby weather station, estimated by remote sensing or CFD simulation, all of which carry numerous variables and could yield erroneous results. The most reliable source would be to use data directly measured by weather stations in the study area. To this end, this study investigates the UHI and UWS effects in Qatar based on the comparative analysis of hourly microclimatic data obtained from two urban weather stations in Lusail City and Education City and five established airport weather stations across Qatar for the entirety of 2022. From analyzing the difference in temperature (UHI intensity) and wind speed (UWS intensity) of urban and rural areas, a clear increase in temperature and a sharp decrease in wind speed is observed in both studied urban areas. According to the results, the highest UHI intensity recorded was 16.8°C on the 16th of May (summer) at 1 pm, and the UWS intensity was −65.9 m/s on the 17th of March (winter) at 4 pm.
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Ono, Joe, Tetsuo Nohara, Shotaro Nara, Yuki Kawamoto, Naoya Fukushima, and Masayuki Ochiai. "Visualization of Atomized Droplet Behavior and Distribution under Two-Layer Multiphase Flow in a Urea SCR Systems." In 2024 Small Powertrains and Energy Systems Technology Conference. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-32-0081.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Urea SCR system, installed in diesel engine vehicles such as trucks and agricultural machinery, is widely used as an exhaust gas aftertreatment system that efficiently purifies NOx, an environmentally harmful substance. Furthermore, the Urea SCR systems may be installed in hydrogen/carbon-neutral fuel engines, and biofuel aircraft engines aiming to achieve carbon neutrality. However, an important problem is the degradation of NOx purification performance caused by urea crystallization due to an undesired reaction of urea water solution (UWS) and clogging of the exhaust pipe due to the formation of deposits caused by an unknown number of atomized UWS behaviors, mainly during idling and low-speed operation when the pipe temperature is relatively low. The problem is that the UWS behavior of the atomized UWS is not well understood. To solve these problems, it is necessary to clarify the complex two-phase flow phenomenon of gas and droplets in the exhaust pipe, which is still unknown. We believe that these approaches can be applied to CO<sub>2</sub> absorption systems as well as to urea SCR systems [<span class="xref">1</span>]. Hence, a new CAE method is proposed in which visualization experiments simulating the inside of an exhaust pipe are conducted, gas and droplet distribution data are obtained by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) from the results, and these are applied to DDM (Discrete Droplet Model) as experimental coefficients. In this study, we attempted to clarify the behavior of UWS under a two-phase flow in more detail by visualization of injected behavior, PIV analysis, and distribution measurement using a high-speed camera with higher sensitivity than before to improve the accuracy of this CAE method.</div></div>
Reports on the topic "UWS"
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VanderNoot, Victoria A., Brent L. Haroldsen, Ronald F. Renzi, and Isaac R. Shokair. Preliminary performance assessment of biotoxin detection for UWS applications using a MicroChemLab device. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/984154.
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ชัยธนาวิสุทธิ์, นิลนาจ. สถานภาพการระบาดของโรคปะการังอันเนื่องจากภาวะโลกร้อนและความเสื่อมโทรมของสิ่งแวดล้อมทางทะเลในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นบริเวณอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน : รายงานวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.53.
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ได้ศึกษาสถานภาพการระบาดของโรคปะการังอันเนื่องจากภาวะโลกร้อนและความเสื่อมโทรมของสิ่งแวดล้อมทางทะเลในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นของอ่าวไทยตอนบน (เกาะค้างคาว จังหวัดชลบุรี) อ่าวไทยตอนล่าง (เกาะแตน จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี) และทะเลอันดามัน (เกาะมุกด์ จังหวัดตรัง) ระหว่างฤดูร้อนและฤดูฝนในพ.ศ. 2559 ผลการศึกษาพบโรคปะการังจำนวน 11 ชนิดประกอบด้วย White Plague (WP) Pink Line Syndrome (PLS), White Patch Syndrome (WPS), Porites Trematodiasis (PTR), White Syndrome (WS), Pacific Yellow Band Disease (YBD), Ulcerative White Spot (UWS), Black Band Disease (BBD), Pigmentation Response (PR), Non-focal bleaching (NFB) และ Growth anaomalies (GA) โดยปะการังชนิดที่พบโรคมากที่สุดในทุกพื้นที่ศึกษาคือปะการังโขด (Porites lutea) และโรคชนิดเด่นที่พบมากที่สุดในทุกพื้นที่ศึกษาคือโรค White Syndrome (WS) Pink Line Syndrome (PLS) และ White Patch Syndrome WPS) โดยความชุกของโรครวมในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นของเกาะแตน จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี (45.19%) และเกาะมุกด์ จังหวัดตรัง (45.81%) ในฤดูร้อนมีค่ำสูงกว่าแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นบริเวณเกาะค้างคาว จังหวัดชลบุรี (9.57%) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ
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Beine, Michel, Giovanni Peri, and Morgan Raux. The Contribution of Foreign Master's Students to US Start-Ups. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33314.
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Renaud, Alexander, Michael Forte, Nicholas Spore, et al. Evaluation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for flood risk management : results of terrain and structure assessments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45000.
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The 2017 Duck Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Pilot Experiment was conducted by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Field Research Facility (FRF), to assess the potential for different UAS to support US Army Corps of Engineers coastal and flood risk management. By involving participants from multiple ERDC laboratories, federal agencies, academia, and private industry, the work unit leads were able to leverage assets, resources, and expertise to assess data from multiple UAS. This report compares datasets from several UAS to assess their potential to survey and observe coastal terrain and structures. In this report, UAS data product accuracy was analyzed within the context of three potential applications: (1) general coastal terrain survey accuracy across the FRF property; (2) small-scale feature detection and observation within the experiment infrastructure area; and (3) accuracy for surveying coastal foredunes. The report concludes by presenting tradeoffs between UAS accuracy and the cost to operate to aid in selection of the best UAS for a particular task. While the technology and exact UAS models vary through time, the lessons learned from this study illustrate that UAS are available at a variety of costs to satisfy varying coastal management data needs.
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Newman, Harvey B., and Artur J. Barczyk. US LHCNet: Transatlantic Networking for the LHC and the U.S. HEP Community. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073029.
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Bisakha Sen, Bisakha Sen. Gun Policy, Gun Culture & Guns across the U.S.: What Makes Us Safer? Experiment, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0082.
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Aguiar, Angel, and Terrie Walmsley. The Importance of Timing in the U.S. response to Undocumented Immigrants: A Recursive Dynamic Approach. GTAP Working Paper, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp75.
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In an attempt to control the flow of undocumented immigrants, successive US governments have considered everything from large scale deportation, amnesties, expanding visa programs, to fining firms who hire illegal workers. Using a comparative static model, Aguiar and Walmsley (2013), find that amnesties have a positive impact on the US economy. However such policies are one-time changes in the labor force, whose benefits diminish over time, and which are unlikely to stem the flow of undocumented workers or fulfill the demands of U.S. firms for cheap foreign labor. In this paper we use a global dynamic model to investigate the long run implications of three alternative policy scenarios: 1) a one-time amnesty for undocumented workers living in the US; 2) a permanent increase in the number of foreign worker visas; and 3) enhanced border security. We find that an amnesty is much less effective than a permanent increase in visas at promoting growth in the U.S., while enhanced border control by the U.S. is beneficial for Mexico in terms real GDP. Key words: Global Dynamic General Equilibrium Model, USA Migration Policy, Permanent, One-off temporary policy changes, undocumented migrants.
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McKean, Adam P., Zachary W. Anderson, Donald L. Clark, et al. Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Results for the Bountiful Peak, Coalville, James Peak, Mount Pisgah, Paradise, and Payson Lakes 7.5' Quadrangles, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-743.
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This Open-File Report makes available raw analytical data from laboratory analysis of U-Pb ages of zircon grains from samples collected during geologic mapping funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) and the Utah Geological Survey (UGS). The references listed in table 1 provide additional information such as sample location, geologic setting, and interpretation of the samples in the context of the area where they were collected. The data were prepared by the University of Utah Earth Core Facility (Diego Fernandez, Director), under contract to the UGS. These data are highly technical in nature and proper interpretation requires considerable training in the applicable geochronologic techniques.
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Eichengreen, Barry. Til Debt Do Us Part: The U.S. Capital Market and Foreign Lending, 1920-1955. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2394.
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Brainard, S. Lael, and David Riker. Are U.S. Multinationals Exporting U.S. Jobs? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5958.
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