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Journal articles on the topic 'V-belts drive system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA, Wojciech, Krzysztof DOBAJ, and Adam KOT. "FRICTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BELT DRIVES." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5923.

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The article describes the results of the research carried out on the evaluation of the influence of friction pairs (rubber belt – belt pulley in belt drive) on the ability to transmit power. In order to determine the characteristics of the belt drive operation, measurements were made on a real belt drive from the drive train of a light two-wheeled vehicle. The measurement was carried out in conditions of changes in the dynamic load. The measurements of the belt slip on the belt pulley within the whole range of the changes of gear ratios and angular speed of the engine were made. During the tests, belts made from various rubber mixtures were compared. The values of the friction coefficients between the surface of belts and the belt pulley were measured. Model analyses of the impact of belt slip on the wheel related to the temperature of Belt drive elements were also made. Generally, one can ascertain that, in belt drive systems, power losses are a combination of speed losses and torque losses. The increase in the efficiency of belt drives is possible by decreasing power losses. It is possible to obtain the high performance of continuously variable transmission belt drives with a V- belt solely with the proper choice of the design parameters, which is possible only after the exact recognition of the operational characteristics unique to this class of belt drive systems.
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2

Carbone, G., L. Mangialardi, and G. Mantriota. "Theoretical Model of Metal V-Belt Drives During Rapid Ratio Changing." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1345521.

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Today the use of metal V-belt (MVB) on C.V.T. (continuously variable transmission) based systems is the rule in automotive applications. The great advantage of this kind of belt is the capability to resist the moving half-pulley’s high axial thrust necessary to transmit the large torque involved. This paper suggest a theoretical model of belt’s behavior during rapid ratio speed changes with the aim to represent the dynamical response of the system during the transient condition. The paper proposes a relation which correlates some easily measurable macroscopic quantities: axial thrust, torque transmitted and belt’s tensions on the slack and tight side. The metal V-belt consists of wedge-shaped plates that are supported by a flexible band, of which there are two types: the metal V-belt without clearance and the metal V-belt with clearance between plates. Our investigation is carried out for the first type of belt and under the hypothesis that there is a rapid variation of speed ratio. The result, that has been reached, allows to predict the behavior of the system and simplifies the planning of continuously variable transmission with metal V-belt.
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3

Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Mechanics and Sliding Friction in Belt Drives With Pulley Grooves." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 2 (June 23, 2005): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168469.

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The steady mechanics of a two-pulley belt drive system are examined where the pulley grooves, belt extension and wedging in the grooves, and the associated friction are considered. The belt is modeled as an axially moving string with the tangential and normal accelerations incorporated. The pulley grooves generate two-dimensional radial and tangential friction forces whose undetermined direction depends on the relative speed between belt and pulley along the contact arc. Different from single-pulley analyses, the entry and exit points between the belt spans and pulleys must be determined in the analysis due to the belt radial penetration into the pulley grooves and the coupling of the driver and driven pulley solutions. A new computational technique is developed to find the steady mechanics of a V-belt drive. This allows system analysis, such as speed/torque loss and maximum tension ratio. The governing boundary value problem (BVP) with undetermined boundaries is converted to a fixed boundary form solvable by a general-purpose BVP solver. Compared to flat belt drives or models that neglect radial friction, significant differences in the steady belt-pulley mechanics arise in terms of belt radial penetration, free span contact points, tension, friction, and speed variations.
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4

Ding, Guo Liang, Yi Guo, and Zhi Qiang Li. "Design and 3D Modeling System Development of a Classical V-Belt Drive." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.428.

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to realize computer-aided design and 3D modeling of the classical V-belt drive, a classical V-belt drive design and 3D modeling system was developed with the SolidWorks platform and using Visual Basic language. This system is composed of the design subsystem and the 3D modeling subsystem, which enabled the classical V-belt design process to be automatic and the fast 3D modeling of parts and assemblies. The application of design and 3D modeling for the classical V-belt drive system on the pot-seedling hole-forming machine has shown that this system can ensure accurate design results and shorten the design period.
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5

Sheng, Gang, Les Brown, Keming Liu, Jerzy Otremba, Jian Pang, Mohamad S. Qatu, and Rao V. Dukkipati. "Chirp, squeal and dynamic instability of misaligned V-ribbed belts in automotive accessory belt drive systems." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 3, no. 1 (2007): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2007.014399.

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6

Tonoli, Andrea, Nicola Amati, and Enrico Zenerino. "Dynamic Modeling of Belt Drive Systems: Effects of the Shear Deformations." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 5 (February 3, 2006): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2202153.

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Multiribbed serpentine belt drive systems are widely adopted in accessory drive automotive applications due to the better performances relative to the flat or V-belt drives. Nevertheless, they can generate unwanted noise and vibration which may affect the correct functionality and the fatigue life of the belt and of the other components of the transmission. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of the shear deflection in the rubber layer between the pulley and the belt fibers on the rotational dynamic behavior of the transmission. To this end the Firbank’s model has been extended to cover the case of small amplitude vibrations about mean rotational speeds. The model evidences that the shear deflection can be accounted for by an elastic term reacting to the torsional oscillations in series with a viscous term that dominates at constant speed. In addition, the axial deformation of the belt spans are taken into account. The numerical model has been validated by the comparison with the experimental results obtained on an accessory drive transmission including two pulleys and an automatic tensioner. The results show that the first rotational modes of the system are dominated by the shear deflection of the belt.
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7

Mohammad Munib Rosadi, Retno Eka Pramitasari, and Ali Hasbi Ramadani. "PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGGERAK TRAINER TRANSMISI MANUAL 5 PERCEPATAN TOYOTA KIJANG." Reaktom : Rekayasa Keteknikan dan Optimasi 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/reaktom.v4i2.1252.

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The need for learning media in the Machine Element II course makes the transmission trainer to be immediately presented in order to become a means of supporting student learning. In a transmission trainer system a driving mechanism is needed so that the transmission can rotate. The drive mechanism must be reliable to ensure the transmission can rotate without constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to design and calculate in designing the transmission driving mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the design and calculation of the transmission trainer drive system. The design results show that the required motor specs are motors with 250 watts of power, driven pulley diameter 50 mm, driven pulley diameter 250 mm, distance between pulley axes is 335 mm. use v-belt type A with a length of 1175 mm. this drive system mechanism will produce a final torque of 393.01 kg.mm which is considered good because it is higher than the planned torque that is 325,85 kg.mm.
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8

Fenina, S., T. Fakhfakh, and M. Haddar. "Dynamic behaviour of V-belt drive system in the presence of sheaves’ lateral misalignment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes861.

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This paper presents the effects of lateral misalignment of sheaves, on the transverse span displacements of a serpentine belt drive system that contains a driving sheave, a driven sheave, a belt, and a dynamic tensioner. This defect gives rise to dangerous operating conditions for the system. A hybrid discrete—continuous model is adopted, in which the coupling between the discrete variables describing the rotational motion of the three sheaves and the tensioner arm and the continuous variables describing the transverse motion of the belt spans is taken into account. An analytical method based on the perturbation method is used to determine the explicit expressions of the transverse span displacements and permits the study of the effects of design variables on the dynamic behaviour of the system in the presence of the defect described earlier.
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9

Beg, Aiman, and Narendra Jaiswal. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF FLAT BELT CONVEYER SYSTEM USING D.C. MOTOR DRIVE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 12 (March 24, 2020): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i12.2018.337.

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In this paper, we are studying the flat belt conveyor system using of D.C. motor with various speed, in this way we are used the 12 V. D.C. motor, flat belt which having 2mm thickness, speed controller, inlet container and outlet container for the purpose of finding the maximum material handling rate with speed.
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10

Tran, Ngoc Hai, Cung Le, and Anh Dung Ngo. "An Investigation on Speed Control of a Spindle Cluster Driven by Hydraulic Motor: Application to Metal Cutting Machines." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2019 (February 19, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4359524.

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In this article, we present an experimental study on the speed stability of a spindle driven by a hydraulic motor, which is controlled by a proportional valve, through a V-belt transmission. The research includes the dynamic modeling of the transmission cluster and the transmission from the hydraulic motor to the working shaft via V-belt mechanism, together with the establishment of a mathematical model and fuzzy self-tuning PID controller model. In the model, the V-belt is assumed as an elastic module, and the friction coefficient and mass inertia moment of the hydraulic motor are considered as constant. The Matlab software is used to simulate the speed response of the hydraulic motor to the working shaft. Based on theoretical study, we resemble the experimental system and determine the parameters for the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller. We conduct experiment and investigate the speed stability of the working shaft from 300 to 1100 (rpm) based on transient response parameters such as the time delay, the setting time, the overshoot, and the rotation error at steady state. Thereby, in this study, the simulation and the experiment results are compared and evaluated regarding the speed stability of the working shaft driven by hydraulic motor transmitted through V-belt mechanism. The findings show the speed controllability by using proportional valve to manipulate the oil flow and applying a self-tuning PID controller to achieve very good results such as the error difference of 0.001 to 0.036%, the delay of 0.01 to 0.02 seconds, no overshoot, and the settling error less than 5% compared to the set values. On the other hand, we include the effect of the oil temperature of 40 to 80°C on the working shaft speed (500, 900 rpm) in this study and derive that the system works well at temperature range of 40 to 70°C. On these findings, we propose the applicability of this system on the current machinery cutters. In addition, we verify the effects of the hydraulic drive for main shaft, controlled by fuzzy PID, by comparison of the roughness of the machining work piece with respect to the one using the 3-phase motor drive.
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11

Srivastava, Nilabh, and Imtiaz Haque. "Transient Dynamics of the Metal V-Belt CVT: Effects of Pulley Flexibility and Friction Characteristic." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 1 (September 28, 2006): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2389233.

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A continuously variable transmission (CVT) offers a continuum of gear ratios between desired limits. The present research focuses on developing a continuous one-dimensional model of the metal V-belt CVT in order to understand the influence of pulley flexibility and friction characteristics on its dynamic performance. A metal V-belt CVT falls under the category of friction-limited drives as its performance and torque capacity rely significantly on the friction characteristic of the contact patch between the belt element and the pulley. Since the friction characteristic of the contact patch may vary in accordance with the loading and design configurations, it is important to study the influence of the friction characteristic on the performance of a CVT. Friction between the belt and the pulley sheaves is modeled using different mathematical models which account for varying loading scenarios. Simple trigonometric functions are introduced to capture the effects of pulley deformation on the thrust ratio and slip behavior of the CVT. Moreover, since a number of models mentioned in the literature neglect the inertial coupling between the belt and the pulley, a considerable amount of effort in this paper is dedicated towards modeling the inertial coupling between the belt and the pulley and studying its influence on the dynamic performance of a CVT. The results discuss the influence of friction characteristics and pulley flexibility on the dynamic performance, the axial force requirements, and the torque transmitting capacity of a metal V-belt CVT drive.
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12

Feng, Xian Zhang, Yan Mei Cui, Li Hong Yu, Zhi Qiang Jiang, Jun Wei Cheng, and Liang Ji Chen. "Application of Integrated Design of the Belt Drive System Based on the Platform of Research and Development of the VBA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.953.

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In order to the integrated design of the geometric parameters and drawing the pulley parts, based on R & D platform of the VBA with the CAD software, hence after analyzing the selection belt type, determine the reference diameter of the belt pulley, choosing length and the amount of the belt, and designing and drawing the pulley parts, in which include the drawing the tooth of v belt pulley, chamfers and grooves, keyway, hatches, and part dimension, etc. Conventional belt drive system is successfully developed. The design results show that the program is running smoothly, the result is correct with the friendly interface, it can provide a convenient tool to rapidly design of project for the belt drive system.
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13

Shieh, Chyuan-Jau, and Wen-Hwa Chen. "Effect of angular speed on behavior of a V-belt drive system." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 44, no. 9 (September 2002): 1879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(02)00136-4.

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14

Brown, R. E. "The development of an electronic system to continually monitor, indicate and control, 'belt slippage' in industrial friction 'V' belt drive transmission systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 364 (May 28, 2012): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/364/1/012055.

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15

Pi, Vu Ngoc, Tran Thi Hong, and Le Xuan Hung. "Determining optimal partial transmission ratios of mechanical driven systems using a V-belt drive and a two-stage helical reducer." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 635 (October 28, 2019): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/635/1/012011.

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16

Silva, Carlos AF, Lionel Manin, Marie-Ange Andrianoely, Etienne Besnier, and Didier Remond. "Power losses distribution in serpentine belt drive: Modelling and experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 25, 2019): 3424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018824943.

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Over the last years, significant research effort has been directed towards developing vehicle transmissions more energy efficient. This effort has been a direct consequence of the new environmental regulations encouraging truck and car manufacturers to reduce the power losses of their engines. For development purposes and in belt transmission design, it is worth predicting the power losses before manufacturing. For predicting the power losses in serpentine belt drive, theoretical models have been developed taking into consideration different types of energy loss taking place in a front engine accessory drive. These losses have several origins: from the poly-V belt or the mechanical components of the system (bearings, tensioners). The present paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on power losses modelling in a front engine accessory drive and focuses on internal and external losses of the belt. To construct a predictive power loss model, external losses such as belt–pulley slip and bearings friction are modelled and implemented in addition to our previous modelling of belt-hysteresis losses. Simulation results are compared with experiments on a specific test bench which has been designed to permit measuring the power losses for any kind of belt transmission layout. The experiment results permit highlighting some particular power losses as belt-hysteresis losses, pulley-belt slip losses and bearing losses. The comparisons between simulation and experimental results permit validating the developed models.
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17

Song, G., K. Chandrashekhara, W. F. Breig, D. L. Klein, and L. R. Oliver. "Analysis of Cord-Reinforced Poly-Rib Serpentine Belt Drive With Thermal Effect." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 6 (March 16, 2005): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2049088.

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This paper investigates the operation of an automotive poly-rib serpentine belt system. A three-dimensional dynamic finite element model, consisting of a driver pulley, a driven pulley, and a complete five-rib V-ribbed belt, was created. Belt construction accounts for three different elastomeric compounds and a single layer of reinforcing cords. Rubber was considered incompressible hyperelastic material, and cord was considered linear elastic material. The material model accounting for thermal strains and temperature-dependent properties of the rubber solids was implemented in ABAQUS∕EXPLICIT code for the simulation. A tangential shear angle and an axial shear angle were defined to quantify shear deformations. The shear angles were found to be closely related to velocity variation along contact arc and the imbalanced contact stress distribution on different sides of the same rib and on different ribs. The temperature effect on shear deformation, tension and velocity variation, and contact stress distribution was investigated and shown in comparison to the results for the same system operating at room temperature.
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18

Shieh, Chyuan-Jau, and Wen-Hwa Chen. "Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Frictional Contact for Belt Transmission Systems." Journal of Mechanics 17, no. 4 (December 2001): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001921.

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ABSTRACTThis work presents a rigorous three-dimensional finite element procedure to analyze belt transmission systems. The frictional contact behavior between the belt and the pulley, which accounts for the power loss of the system and the wear of the belt, is investigated in detail. In addition to adopting the transformation matrix to satisfy the geometric conditions on the contact surfaces, the proposed procedure also uses the modified elements with incremental Wilson displacement modes to improve the accuracy due to bending at the end zones of the contact area for the belt. To demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed procedure, the analyses for flat and V belt drives are carried out. Excellent correlations between the calculated results and referenced theoretical/experimental solutions are found. The influences of friction coefficients on the deformation, normal and tangential contact forces on the contact surfaces are studied as well. Those will be helpful for the estimation of wear properties and operation efficiency for belt transmission systems.
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19

Lin, Chih-Hong. "Hybrid Recurrent Laguerre-Orthogonal-Polynomial NN Control System Applied in V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission System Using Particle Swarm Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/106707.

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Because the V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) system driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has much unknown nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, the better control performance design for the linear control design is a time consuming procedure. In order to overcome difficulties for design of the linear controllers, the hybrid recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomial neural network (NN) control system which has online learning ability to respond to the system’s nonlinear and time-varying behaviors is proposed to control PMSM servo-driven V-belt CVT system under the occurrence of the lumped nonlinear load disturbances. The hybrid recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomial NN control system consists of an inspector control, a recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomial NN control with adaptive law, and a recouped control with estimated law. Moreover, the adaptive law of online parameters in the recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomial NN is derived using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, the optimal learning rate of the parameters by means of modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to achieve fast convergence. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, comparative studies are demonstrated by experimental results.
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20

Lin, Chih-Hong. "PMSM Servo Drive for V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission System Using Hybrid Recurrent Chebyshev NN Control System." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2015.10.1.408.

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21

Lin, Chih-Hong. "An intelligent dynamic control of continuously variable transmission system using modified particle swarm optimization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 13 (June 25, 2015): 2181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215593567.

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In order to capture nonlinear and dynamic behaviors of the V-belt continuously variable transmission system with lots of unknown nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, an intelligent dynamic control system using modified particle swarm optimization is proposed for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous motor servo-drive V-belt continuously variable transmission system to raise robustness. The intelligent dynamic control system comprised an inspector control system, a recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomials neural network controller with adaptive law and a recouped controller with estimation law. The adaptive law of parameters in the recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomials neural network is derived according to Lyapunov stability theorem. To achieve better learning performance and faster convergence, the modified particle swarm optimization is employed to regulate two varied learning rates of the parameters in the recurrent Laguerre-orthogonal-polynomials neural network. At last, comparative studies shown by experimental results are illustrated to demonstrate the control performance of the proposed control scheme.
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22

Lin, Chih-Hong. "Application of a V-belt continuously variable transmission system by using a composite recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomial neural network control system and modified particle swarm optimization." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 9 (July 20, 2015): 1437–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315593839.

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The nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of the V-belt continuously variable transmission system driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are unknown, therefore, improving the control performance of the linear control design is time-consuming. To overcome difficulties in the design of a linear controller for the PMSM servo-driven V-belt continuously variable transmission system with the lumped nonlinear load disturbances, a composite recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomial neural network (NN) control system which has online learning capability to respond the nonlinear time-varying system, was developed. The composite recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomial NN control system can perform inspector control, recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomial NN control which involves an adaptation law, and recouped control which involves an estimation law. Moreover, the adaptation law of online weight parameters in the recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomial NN is based on Lyapunov stability theorem. The use of modified particle swarm optimization yielded two optimal learning rates for the weight parameters which helped improve convergence. Finally, comparison of the experimental results of the present study with those of previous studies demonstrated the high control performance of the proposed control scheme.
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23

Pattison, Simon A. J. "High resolution linkage of channel-coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts, Desert Member to Lower Castlegate Sandstone stratigraphic interval, Book Cliffs, Utah-Colorado, USA." GSA Bulletin 131, no. 9-10 (April 15, 2019): 1643–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35094.1.

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AbstractThe Campanian Desert Member and Lower Castlegate Sandstone in the Book Cliffs of east-central Utah to western Colorado, USA, has served as a foundational data set in the development of sequence stratigraphy. Contrary to previous work, no third-order sequence boundaries are recognized. These were originally thought to partition the neighboring coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts into separate systems tracts, unlinked in time or space. In contrast, adjoining channel-coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts are genetically-, temporally-, and spatially-related. Evidence includes the (i) synchronous, strongly progradational stacking patterns within each facies belt, (ii) gradational and conformable transitions between adjoining facies belts, accentuated by the ubiquity of flat-topped, rooted foreshore sandstones passing upwards into carbonaceous-rich-mudstone-dominated coastal plain, (iii) parasequence-scale interfingering of coastal plain-channel and foreshore-shoreface deposits, with channels, white caps and coals embedded within stacked shoreface parasequences, (iv) regional correlation of coals and flooding surfaces, and (v) near orthogonal paleocurrent relationship between channels and shorelines. Terminal channels incise into proximal foreshore-shoreface sandstones in most Desert-Castlegate parasequences. Incisions are generally confined to the parasequence in which the channels are nested, rarely cutting deeper. These shoreface-incised channels are cut and filled at a parasequence-scale, and are bounded above by the same flooding surface that caps each foreshore-shoreface package. The ubiquity of ascending regressive shoreface trajectories and near absence of descending regressive trajectories that intersect depositional slope argues against any significant sea level fall. Increased rates of sediment supply, driven by autogenic and/or allogenic processes, likely generated the strongly progradational Desert-Castlegate great tongue of sandstone.
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24

Wölfle, Frank, Thomas Kaufhold, Klaus Hagemann, and Siegfried Maier. "Simulation tool for the prediction of the dynamic behaviour in auxiliary system drives with ribbed V-belts." MTZ worldwide 64, no. 5 (May 2003): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227585.

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25

Kim, Namhun, Changju Park, Sangshin Kwak, and Jeihoon Baek. "Experimental Comparisons and Evaluations of Different Types of DC-link Capacitors for VSI-Based Electric Compressors in Battery Electric Vehicle Systems." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081276.

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Electric compressor systems for air conditioning operations are an essential part in battery electric vehicle systems, which are not applicable to conventional belt-driven compressors due to no combustion engines. Three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) and interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are generally used for electric compressor systems in battery electric vehicles. Direct current (DC)-link capacitors are a critical component in the power converter systems, which affect the cost, size, performances and scale. Metallized polypropylene film capacitors are considered more reliable than conventional electrolytic capacitors for high temperature environments such as electric vehicle applications. This paper presents comprehensive comparisons and evaluations of electric compressors with two types of DC-link capacitors. Based on a 5 kW IPM motor drives and a VSI with a nominal DC voltage of 360 V for electric compressors, performances with electrolytic and film capacitors have been evaluated by experimental tests.
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26

Vadamalu, Raja Sangili, Christian Beidl, Guenter Hohenberg, and Klaus Muehlbauer. "Active torsional vibration reduction: potential analysis and controller development for a belt-driven 48 V system." Automotive and Engine Technology 4, no. 3-4 (July 29, 2019): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-019-00049-7.

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27

You, Jang Shyong, and Wen Fang Wu. "Design Improvement through Reliability Analysis of Belt-Type CVT Systems for Scooters." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2215.

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The purpose of the present study is to carry out failure analysis of a scooter’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) system that is considered to be one of the key components of the scooter. In the study, several reliability analytical tools such as failure mode, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) are used to identify possible failure modes of the CVT system and its subsystems. The failure effects of components on the CVT system are emphasized in particular. Aside from the qualitative evaluation, simulation algorithms are developed to examine the performance of the CVT system and assess the reliability of the belt. Through the study, it is found that mechanical wear at both sides of the V-belt is the most serious problem that affects the CVT performance. The sliding collar of the driven pulley is another component that has to be observed carefully. Some design improvements are pointed out at the end of the paper.
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28

Kang, Tae-June, Chanseung Yang, Yonghyun Park, Doosoo Hyun, Sang Bin Lee, and Mike Teska. "Electrical Monitoring of Mechanical Defects in Induction Motor-Driven V-Belt–Pulley Speed Reduction Couplings." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 3 (May 2018): 2255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2805840.

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29

Yusuf, Mirza, Ferriawan Yudhanto, and Dimas Pulung Purbajati. "Desain, Manufaktur dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Pengolah Serbuk Jahe Merah." Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v2i2.11573.

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Design of the red ginger powder production machine aims to increase UMKM(Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) in the Yogyakarta area. By making a semiautomatic red ginger powder machine, it can increase production capacity and improve the economy for UMKM. Component design is divided into 3 processes, namely; designing the frame, designing the stirring shaft, and designing the cooking tank. There are first adjusted to the design that has been made using the solid works software which is then applied by assembling other components. The drive system on the powdered red ginger production machine uses an AC electric motor which is then forwarded into the v-belt transmission then the output from the transmission is forwarded to the stirring shaft.
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Lin, Chih-Hong. "Dynamic control of V-belt continuously variable transmission-driven electric scooter using hybrid modified recurrent legendre neural network control system." Nonlinear Dynamics 79, no. 2 (September 16, 2014): 787–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1703-8.

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Sutikno, Sutikno, and Sukram Sukram. "Perhitungan Perencanaan Mesin Pengaduk Middle Waste Asbes Kapasitas 2500 Liter." JATI UNIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Manajemen Industri 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jatiunik.v2i2.331.

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In the company PT. Headquarters of Tunas Utama produces quite a lot of waste so that there needs to be a treatment to accelerate the waste processing. The problem is how to make the waste can be processed quickly so that it can be processed to be included in the production process so that there is no buildup of waste. Planning an agitator asbestos waste mixer machine, where the equipment or machine serves to accommodate the middle waste before entering into the mixing process and stirring continuously to avoid sedimentation. In this final project, the right type of agitator will be selected for the waste mixing process, then count the existing engine elements such as the type of mixer, motor, transmission, and shaft. So that it can produce the right mixer. From the results of the calculation of the mixer using a motor with a power of 0.5 HP with a reducer of 1:30, the transmission system uses a v-belt and a pulley with a drive pulley diameter of 129 mm and a driven pulley diameter of 200 mm, resulting in a rotation of 30 rpm. For the stirrer, using a paddle stirrer with a drive shaft diameter of 50 mm.Keyword : Machine element, Planning,Waste, Agitator Didalam perusahaan PT Djabes Tunas Utama menghasilkan waste yang cukup banyak sehingga perlu adanya penanganan untuk mempercepat proses pengolahan waste tersebut. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana cara agar waste tersebut dapat diolah dengan cepat sehingga dapat diproses untuk dimasukkan pada proses produksi sehingga tidak terjadi penumpukan waste. Maka dari itu perlu adanya mesin pengaduk untuk mengaduk middle waste tadi agar tidak terjadi pengendapan. Dan mesin pengaduk tersebut banyak macamnya. Dan akan direncanakan sebuah mesin pengaduk waste asbes jenis agitator, dimana peralatan atau mesin ini berfungsi untuk menampung middle waste sebelum masuk ke proses mixing dan dilakukan pengadukan secara terus menerus untuk menghindari pengendapan. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dipilih jenis agitator yang tepat untuk proses pengadukan waste tersebut, kemudian menghitung elemen-elemen mesin yang ada seperti jenis pengaduk, motor, transmisi, dan poros. Sehingga dapat menghasilkan mesin pengaduk yang tepat. Dari hasil perhitungan mesin pengaduk tersebut menggunakan motor dengan daya sebesar 0,5 HP dengan reducer 1:30, sistem transmisi menggunakan v-belt dan pulley dengan ukuran diameter pulley penggerak sebesar 129 mm dan diameter pulley yang digerakkan sebesar 200 mm, sehingga menghasilkan putaran sebesar 30 rpm. Untuk pengaduknya menggunakan jenis pengaduk paddle dengan diameter poros penggerak sebesar 50 mm.Kata kunci : Elemen mesin, Perencanaan, Waste, Mesin pengaduk (agitator)
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32

Lin, Chih-Hong. "Permanent magnet synchronous motor controlled V-belt continuously variable transmission driven electric scooter using hybrid modified recurrent Legendre NN control system." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 47, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-140035.

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Saponara, Sergio, Pierre Tisserand, Pierre Chassard, and Dieu-My Ton. "Design and Measurement of Integrated Converters for Belt-Driven Starter-Generator in 48 V Micro/Mild Hybrid Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 4 (July 2017): 3936–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2687406.

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34

Werra, Matthias, Axel Sturm, and Ferit Küçükay. "Optimal and prototype dimensioning of 48V P0+P4 hybrid drivetrains." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 16, 2020): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00071-0.

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Abstract This paper presents a virtual toolchain for the optimal concept and prototype dimensioning of 48 V hybrid drivetrains. First, this toolchain is used to dimension the drivetrain components for a 48 V P0+P4 hybrid which combines an electric machine in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine and a second electric machine at the rear axle. On an optimal concept level, the power and gear ratios of the electric components in the 48 V system are defined for the best fuel consumption and performance. In the second step, the optimal P0+P4 drivetrain is simulated with a prototype model using a realistic rule-based operating strategy to determine realistic behavior in legal cycles and customer operation. The optimal variant shows a fuel consumption reduction in the Worldwide harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle of 13.6 % compared to a conventional vehicle whereas the prototype simulation shows a relatively higher savings potential of 14.8 %. In the prototype simulation for customer operation, the 48 V hybrid drivetrain reduces the fuel consumption by up to 24.6 % in urban areas due to a high amount of launching and braking events. Extra-urban and highway areas show fuel reductions up to 11.6 % and 4.2 %, respectively due to higher vehicle speed and power requirements. The presented virtual toolchain can be used to combine optimal concept dimensioning with close to reality behaviour simulations to maximise realistic statements and minimize time effort.
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Lin, Chih-Hong. "A PMSM Driven Electric Scooter System with a V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission Using a Novel Hybrid Modified Recurrent Legendre Neural Network Control." Journal of Power Electronics 14, no. 5 (September 20, 2014): 1008–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2014.14.5.1008.

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36

Lin, Chih-Hong. "Novel adaptive modified recurrent Legendre neural network control for a PMSM servo-driven electric scooter with V-belt continuously variable transmission system dynamics." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 37, no. 10 (November 14, 2014): 1181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331214558105.

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37

NOGA, Marcin. "Development of the range extender for a 48 V electric vehicle." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-220.

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The article deals with the concept, development and results of preliminary tests of a range extender for an electric light commercial vehicle Melex with a 48 V electrical system. The purpose of the project is to build a prototype of the range extender powered by an internal combustion engine that will increase the range of the vehicle with electric drive, and at the same time will be characterized by a high efficiency and low exhaust emissions. The developed range extender is a combination of a 163cc single-cylinder combustion engine with a generator joined through a ribbed belt transmission. The 3-phase generator from a heavy-duty vehicle was used. In order to match the output voltage of the generator to the system voltage of the electric vehicle, an external adjustable regulator and a rectifier bridge with an increased operating voltage were used. The range extender was attached to a body of the electric vehicle by means of a welded frame made of thin-walled steel profiles. Initial tests of the developed range extender showed its proper interaction with both the lead-acid battery of the vehicle as well as with the nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH) adapted to 48 V voltage from a hybrid electric vehicle. A maximum output power exceeding 2 kW was obtained. Maximum value of the overall efficiency of the range extender reaches up to 18.8%, which is a high value considering the small size of the used engine and the type of generator. The directions for further development of the range extender were also revealed in this paper.
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Kamińska, Aleksandra Maria, and Marcin Strąkowski. "1D portable optical coherence tomography system." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i2.823.

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Imaging methods are an expanding branch of technology, which involves data acquisition and analysis of images for research and diagnostics. This paper has been devoted to describe the optical design for one-dimensional, portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been designed in the presented study. Description of the construction and applied hardware solutions have been written. Moreover, a dedicated software tools for signal processing and data acquisition have been developed Full Text: PDF ReferencesStrąkowski, M. R., Pluciński, J., Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Hypszer, R., Maciejewski, M., Kosmowski, B. B., "Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography for technical materials investigation", Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 142(1), 104-110 (2008). CrossRef J. G. Fujimoto, W. Drexler, Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering), (New York, Springer 2008). CrossRef Mujat, M., Chan, R. C., Cense, B., Park, B. H., Joo, C., Akkin, T., De Boer, J. F., "Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness map determined from optical coherence tomography images", Opt. Express 13, 9480-9491 (2005). CrossRef Liang, H., Cid, M. G., Cucu, R. G., Dobre, G. M., Podoleanu, A. G., Pedro, J., Saunders, D., "En-face optical coherence tomography-a novel application of non-invasive imaging to art conservation", Opt. Express 13, 6133-6144 (2005). CrossRef Choma, M. A., Sarunic, M. V., Yang, C., Izatt, J. A., "Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography", Opt. Express 11, 2183-2189 (2003). CrossRef Koyama, T., Marshek, K. M., "Toothed belt drives—past, present and future", Mechanism and machine theory 23(3), 227-241 (1988). CrossRef Ali, M., & Parlapalli, R., "Signal processing overview of optical coherence tomography systems for medical imaging", Texas Instruments, SPRABB9–June (2010). DirectLink B. E. A. Saleh, M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, 2nd Edition (New York, Wiley 1991) CrossRef
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39

Adach-Pawelus, Karolina, and Daniel Pawelus. "Influence of Driving Direction on the Stability of a Group of Headings Located in a Field of High Horizontal Stresses in the Polish Underground Copper Mines." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 5955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185955.

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This paper investigates the problem of stability in a group of headings driven in high horizontal stress fields in the copper ore mines of the Legnica-Glogow Copper Belt (LGCB). The headings are protected with the roof bolting system. This problem is of high importance due to special safety regulations which apply in mining workings serving as airways and haulageways. The analysis was performed for a group of four headings driven in the geological and mining conditions of the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine. The stability of the headings was evaluated with the use of Finite Element Method (FEM). The parameters of the rocks used in the numerical modeling have been determined on the basis of the Hoek–Brown classification, with the use of the RocLab 1.0 software. The parameters of the stress field have been identified on the basis of in situ measurements, which were performed in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine in 2012. The measurements were carried out with the use of the overcoring method, which is a stress relief method. A CSIRO HI probe was used as the measuring device. The tests were carried out on three measuring points, on which six successful tests were performed. The measurements confirmed the presence of high horizontal stresses in the rock mass. Numerical modeling was performed using the Phase2 v.8.0 software, in a triaxial stress state and in a plane strain state. The rock mass was described with an elastic-plastic model with softening. Numerical analyses were based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. It was assumed that the optimal measure of the stability of the group of headings is the range of the formed zone of yielded rock mass in the excavation roof. Numerical simulations have shown that the direction of driving the headings in the field of increased horizontal stresses may be of key importance for the stability of the headings in LGOM mines. The greatest extent of the yielded rock mass zone in the excavation roof occurred when the group of headings was driven in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the maximum horizontal stress component σH. The obtained results served to provide an example of the application of a roof bolting system to protect headings driven in unfavorable conditions in a high horizontal stress field.
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Hyndman, Roy D., Paul Flück, Stephane Mazzotti, Trevor J. Lewis, John Ristau, and Lucinda Leonard. "Current tectonics of the northern Canadian Cordillera." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-023.

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The northern Canadian Cordillera is remarkably tectonically and seismically active, extending from a terrane collision zone on the continental margin to an active fold and thrust belt at the eastern mountain front. The source and distribution of the deformation are constrained by (i) precision global positioning system (GPS) measurements; (ii) the seismicity distribution, mechanisms, and rates; (iii) the thermal regime; (iv) estimates of lithosphere thickness and strength; and (v) topography and gravity. The ongoing oblique collision of the Yakutat block in the northeast corner of the Gulf of Alaska has produced large deformation and uplift in the adjacent Saint Elias and Chugach mountains and appears to be responsible for the current deformation 800 km to the northeast. Northern Cordillera GPS velocities are ∼5 mm/year northeast relative to the North American Craton. Deformation rates across the eastern mountain front from earthquake statistics are similar, i.e., ∼4 mm/year of thrust shortening across the Mackenzie Mountains and right-lateral strike-slip in the Richardson Mountains. This large-scale motion is explained by a quasi-rigid displacement of the upper crust over a lower crust detachment. The detachment zone is a consequence of the high temperature of the northern Cordillera lithosphere and a weak eastern Cordillera deformation front. Regional Moho temperatures of 800–950 °C are indicated by very high heat flow and other indicators of deep temperature and by the thin lithosphere effective thickness (Te). The northern Cordillera model may have application in other areas, such as the earlier thrusting in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains driven by terrane collision along the Pacific margin.
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Kornberger, Martin, and Marco R. Thiele. "Experiences With an Efficient Rate-Management Approach for the 8th Tortonian Reservoir in the Vienna Basin." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 17, no. 02 (March 27, 2014): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166393-pa.

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Summary Active well-rate management to promote the efficient use of injected fluids and to demote fluid cycling is a simple way to increase recovery in brown fields while minimizing costs and preserving existing field/well-fluid-handling constraints. In this work, we present the application of an efficient flow-based surveillance technique to drive rate-management decisions for the 8th Tortonian reservoir in the Vienna basin, Austria. The 8th Tortonian is a typical example of a decade-long peripheral waterflood on a long, steady decline for which it is difficult to justify expensive drilling/workover programs. Active rate management to improve pattern sweep presents an inexpensive solution to increase recovery. In case of the 8th Tortonian, EUR 10 000 (USD 13,000) was spent to modify well rates, resulting in approximately 5700-m3 (approximately 35,000-STB) incremental oil recovered during a 30-month period. The current oil rate remains higher than the oil rate before the start of the project. Our approach takes advantage of streamline-derived well-allocation factors (WAFs) to quantify injector/producer connections. It is simple and efficient to estimate WAFs with total historical well-fluid rates, well locations, and a geological model. With the WAFs, the ratio of produced oil to injected water (efficiency) of each injector/producer pair can be estimated. Well-pair efficiencies are the starting point for the rate-management approach described in this work. A simple, single-homogeneous-layer system was used in conjunction with historical rates and well locations to estimate the WAFs for the 8th Tortonian reservoir. Connections were compared with available tracer data, and an area of interest was subsequently selected in which both streamlines and tracer data confirmed oil recovery by injected water. A key constraint was to maintain the total gross rate of the area selected at current capacity. New target rates were determined and implemented, resulting in a 30% increase of oil rate during a 30-month period. Considering the simplicity and efficiency of the approach, this is a notable result. The production response of the selected wells showed an increased recovery in conjunction with a relatively constant water cut, suggesting contact with previously unswept oil. All operations and modifications were performed at minimal cost. There were no perforation changes or acidizing jobs involved, and rate changes were obtained simply by changing pump sizes or increasing the number of strokes by changing the V-belt pulley.
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Koencoro, Anggoro Dwi, and Hesti Istiqlaliyah. "Design And Build Of Gabah Processing Machine 5 Kg Capacity Transmission System." Procedia of Engineering and Life Science 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pels.v1i1.849.

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Grain processing machinesis a machine designed to improve map welfareni in the district area Nganjuk. This engine component containsri of the paring system,separator system,transmission systemand order. The transmission part serves totransmits the rotation of the drive motor to the driven mechanism through the pully and v-belt. This machine has a capacity of 5 kg at a time.The discussion focused on the transmission system and frame. Main powerin the form of an electric motorto be transmittedusing pulleys and V-belt. Using motor 0.75HP with a motor rotation of 1400 rpm on the main motor. Transmi typesi used pulleys and belts-v, with belt type A. The drive pulley on the motor is 75mm,puli on a 75mm grinder.
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Angoro, Fajar Septiawan Dwi, Aisyah Nur Khalifah, Syahrul Gunawan, Dandy Syah Putra, Fakhriyah Qothrun Nada, and Wahyu Dwi Kurniawan. "Milling Machine and Cleaning Egg Cleaning Reballs Automatically Completed With the Screw Conveyor System and Auto Washer." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i1.111.

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Milling Machine And Cleaning Egg Cleaning Reballs Automatically Completed With The Screw Conveyor System And Auto Washer is made with the aim of increasing productivity and the effectiveness of the production of SME quail egg satay in Surabaya. Egg peeler This semi automatic quail is designed as simply as possible to make it easier mass production and easy maintenance. This machine is added screw conveyor system which is covered with sponge and machine walls, there is a polisher made from stainless which serves as a boiled egg quail peeler. The addition of an auto water washer on this machine uses a hose connected with a water tap to be able to clean automatically when the engine have started working on peeling boiled eggs. Material in direct contact with eggs using stainless steel type 430 SS foodgrade with 3mm thick to maintain the level of hygiene of the production process. Then the system the drive on this machine uses a DC electric motor with a power of ½ PK which transmitted by pulleys and V-belts to reduce input power to more smooth round. Selection of the ½ PK motor is intended for rotation in this engine can be smoother and softer, not too fast so the egg doesn't break. Dimension machine made measuring 110 cm x 65 cm x 52 cm with stripping capacity 1200 quail eggs / hour. Features that have this machine can improve the productivity process of SME quail eggs is threefold, so that the problem of SMEs is quail egg satay for stripping and cleaning the eggs takes a long time to complete.
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Sorge, Francesco, and Marco Cammalleri. "Helical Shift Mechanics of Rubber V-Belt Variators." Journal of Mechanical Design 133, no. 4 (April 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003803.

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A very common configuration of V-belt variators for motorcycles considers the correction of the belt tensioning depending on the resistant torque by means of suitable helical-shaped tracks allowing the driven half-pulleys to close/open. The theoretical model for belt-pulley coupling is rather complex for this configuration, where one half-pulley may run in advance and the other one behind with respect to the belt, and requires the repeated numerical solution of a strongly nonlinear differential system by a sort of shooting technique, until all the operating conditions are fulfilled (angular contact extent, torque, and axial force). After solving the full equations, the present study develops closed-form approximations, which are characterized by an excellent correspondence with the numerical plots, and suggests a simple and practical formulary for the axial thrust as a function of the torque and of the tension level. Then, the results of a theoretical–experimental comparison are also reported, and they indicate a fine agreement between the model and the real operation.
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45

Lin, Chih-Hong. "Application of V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission System Using Hybrid Recurrent Laguerre Orthogonal Polynomials Neural Network Control System and Modified Particle Swarm Optimization." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4030061.

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Because the V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) system spurred by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has unknown nonlinear and time-varying properties, the better control performance design for the linear control design is a time consuming procedure. In order to conquer difficulties for design of the linear controllers, the hybrid recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomials neural network (NN) control system, which has online learning ability to react to unknown nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, is developed for controlling PMSM servo-driven V-belt CVT system with the lumped nonlinear load disturbances. The hybrid recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomials NN control system consists of an inspector control, a recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomials NN control with adaptation law, and a recouped control with estimation law. Moreover, the adaptation law of online parameters in the recurrent Laguerre orthogonal polynomials NN is originated from Lyapunov stability theorem. Additionally, two varied learning rates of the parameters by means of modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) are posed in order to achieve better convergence. At last, comparative studies shown by experimental results are illustrated in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
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Okibe Edeoja, Alex, Joshua Sunday Ibrahim, and Lawrence Ochonu. "Estimated Power Output from a Simplified Pico Hydropower System." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, May 30, 2018, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2018/v1i19775.

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Based on the results of no-load tests carried out on a simplified Pico hydropower system currently undergoing development, on-load tests were carried out. A turbine of runner diameter 0.40 m, penstock diameters in the range and nozzle area ratios in the range were used for the on-load tests. A 2.5 kW alternator was linked to the turbine using a v-belt drive on pulleys of ratio 6:1. The effective vertical height from the outlet of the reservoir to the plane of the turbine shaft was 6.95 m. A 0.74 kW electric pump was used to recycle the water to the overhead reservoir. The rotational speeds of the turbine and alternator shafts, the volume of water displaced and voltage were measured for each penstock diameter and nozzle area ratio. The measured data were used to compute the system volumetric flow rate and to estimate the power output based on the alternator manufacturer’s specifications. The turbine efficiency was also computed. The system developed a maximum voltage of 224 V with and a minimum voltage of 111 V with and . The corresponding estimated power outputs were 2.125 kW and 1.545 kW respectively. The mean maximum and minimum efficiencies based on the estimated power output were 0.85 and 0.618 respectively. The overall results indicate very good potential for the system as a clean, decentralized small power generation unit that gives control to the user.
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Dang Anh Tuan, Nguyen Khac Tuan, and Vu Ngoc Pi. "Optimum Determination of Partial Transmission Ratios of Mechanical Driven Systems Using a V-belt and a Three-Step Helical Gearbox." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B 6, no. 6 (June 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2017.06.005.

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48

Vu Ngoc Pi, Nguyen Thi Hong Cam, and Nguyen Khac Tuan. "Optimum Calculation of Partial Transmission Ratios of Mechanical Driven Systems Using a V-belt and a Two-Step Bevel Helical Gearbox." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A 5, no. 11 (November 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2162-5298/2016.11.003.

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49

Ismail, Yunianto Wahyu. "APLIKASI MOTOR LISTRIK SEBAGAI PEMOTONG KAYU DENGAN PENGATURAN KECEPATAN BERBASIS PWM." Jurnal Edukasi Elektro 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jee.v2i2.22459.

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AbstractThe purpose of this project is to be able to find out the design and the performance of wood cutter with PWM based speed regulator driven by AC motor 1 phase capacitor start type with transmission system using v-belt and pulley, covering current, power, voltage, time cutting and costs required. This tool is expected to increase production and quality in souvenirs craft industry and carving craft.The method of making wood cutting device with PWM-based speed regulator driven by AC motor 1 phase capacitor start type with R & D approach (Research and Development). Stages consisting of 1) Needs analysis, 2) device designing, 3) device making, 4) device testing, 5) implentation. The mechanism of this cutting device will produce a motion force which will then move the driving shaft that works principle such as the piston on the vehicle, then will move the saw up and down by using AC motor 1 phase capacitor start which is equipped with PWM-based speed controller, pulley transmission system and v-belt. Results from wood cutter with PWM-based speed regulator. This tool is able to cut wood with a circle from the thickness of 0.5 cm / 88 s, 1 cm / 135s, 2 cm / 180s, and 3 cm / 1560s with good cut quality and with a diameter of 12 cm circle. Then the measured power starts from 255.75 watt-333 watts depending on the thickness of the sawed timber. Keywords :Cutting wood device, PWM, AC Motor 1 fase AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat mengetahui rancang bangun dan mengetahui unjuk kerja dari pemotong kayu dengan pengatur kecepatan berbasis PWM yang digerakkan oleh motor AC 1 fasa jenis kapasitor start dengan sistem transmisi menggunakan sabuk v-belt dan pulley, meliputi arus, daya, tegangan, waktu pemotongan dan biaya yang dibutuhkan. Alat ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas pada industri kerajinan souvenir dan kerajinan ukir. Metode pembuatan alat pemotong pemotong kayu dengan pengatur kecepatan berbasis PWM yang digerakkan oleh motor AC 1 fasa jenis kapasitor start dengan pendekatan R&D (Research and Development). Tahap-tahap yang terdiri dari 1) analisis kebutuhan, 2) perancangan alat, 3) pembuatan alat, 4) pengujian alat, 5) implentasi. Mekanisme alat pemotong ini akan menghasilkan gaya gerak yang kemudian akan menggerakan poros penggerak yang prinsip kerjanya seperti piston pada kendaraan, kemudian akan menggerakkan gergaji naik turun dengan menggunakan motor AC 1 fasa jenis kapasitor start yang dilengkapi dengan pengendali kecepatan berbasis PWM, sistem transmisi pulley dan sabuk v. Hasil dari pemotong kayu dengan pengatur kecepatan berbasis PWM. Alat ini mampu memotong kayu dengan lingkaran dari mulai ketebalan 0.5 cm/88 s, 1 cm/135s, 2 cm/ 180s, dan 3 cm/1560s dengan kualitas potongan yang halus dan baik dengan diameter lingkaran 12 cm. Kemudian daya yang terukur mulai dari 255.75 watt-333 watt tergantung dengan ketebalan kayu yang digergaji. Kata kunci: Alat pemotong kayu, PWM, motor AC 1 fasa
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Sofiah, Sofiah, and Muhammad Hurairah. "RANCANG BANGUN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK ALTERNATIFDENGAN BANTUAN PULLY DAN BELT MOTOR DC SEBAGAI PENGGERAK ALTERNATOR." JURNAL SURYA ENERGY 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jse.v5i1.2692.

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ABSTRAC Electricity is a source of energy that is widely used for the needs of household electrical appliances that are needed within 24 hours of continuously supplying electricity. Most of the mains voltage is supplied from the state 220 volt. When the electricity goes out, the electrical equipment cannot function properly, therefore there must be an alternative source of electricity to replace it. The purpose of this research is to design an alternative power plant from the initial drive system of a dc motor with mechanical motion transfer using pully and van belt as the drive for the dc alternator. The research method used in this research has the following stages: 1). Designing a dc motor and a dc alternator as a producer of electrical energy, 2). Installing AS bearings, vanbelt and pully, 3). testing and measuring dc motors and dc alternators, 4). Calculate and analyze the design results. From this research, the direct current generated by the accumulator with a voltage of 12 Vdc with a current charge of 10 AH, so that it can be used to turn on the inverter as a means of converting the voltage of a direct power source into an alternating current with a voltage of 220 V to turn on household electrical appliances when supplied. from PLN experiencing a blackout. So that our daily work can run smoothly without any constraints on the flow of electricity.Keywords: MotorDC, PullyVanBelt, Alternator
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