Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vaccination of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Vaccination of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal.

Journal articles on the topic 'Vaccination of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Vaccination of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Birhanu, Frehiwot, and Kiddus Yitbarek. "Wealth-based inequity in full child vaccination coverage: An experience from Mali, Bangladesh, and South Africa. A multilevel poison regression." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0293522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293522.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives Every child around the globe should get routine childhood vaccination, which is mostly affected by the country’s economic capacity besides the socioeconomic differences. However, how well countries with different economic capacities address equitable child vaccination remains unanswered. Methods Cross-sectional data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) database of Mali, Bangladesh, and South Africa was used for this study. The dependent variable was full child vaccination, and wealth-based inequality was assessed using rate-ratio, concentration curve, and concentratio

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

van Rooyen, Shirie, Martie Lubbe, Irma Kotze, and Nkengafac Villyen Motaze. "Possible Changes and Trends in Non-COVID-19 Vaccine-Prescribing Patterns before and during COVID-19 Pandemic." Vaccines 12, no. 6 (2024): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060582.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many children missed their routine vaccinations globally. There is insufficient evidence on the trends in vaccination coverage in the private healthcare sector in South Africa. This study explored the changes in childhood vaccination patterns (non-COVID vaccines) in the private healthcare sector in South Africa using medicine claim data. Using the information on medication claims from a South African pharmaceutical benefit management (PBM) company, we performed a quantitative cross-sectional analysis comparing the period before (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ndwandwe, Duduzile, Musawenkosi Ndlovu, Asanda Mayeye, et al. "Trends in Vaccine Completeness in Children Aged 0–23 Months in Cape Town, South Africa." Vaccines 11, no. 12 (2023): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121782.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: We have previously determined that the occurrence of missed vaccination opportunities in children in Cape Town, South Africa, is shaped by both individual and contextual factors. These factors present valuable openings for enhancing quality and implementing broader strategies to enhance the delivery of routine Immunisation services. Methods: Here, we are further reporting regional-level data on the coverage and factors influencing vaccination completion within a similar study population, based on extensive data analysis from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. Res

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen, Ijeoma Edoka, Charles S. Wiysonge, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, and Amy K. Winter. "Rubella Vaccine Introduction in the South African Public Vaccination Schedule: Mathematical Modelling for Decision Making." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030383.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: age structured mathematical models have been used to evaluate the impact of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) introduction into existing measles vaccination programs in several countries. South Africa has a well-established measles vaccination program and is considering RCV introduction. This study aimed to provide a comparison of different scenarios and their relative costs within the context of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) reduction or elimination. Methods: we used a previously published age-structured deterministic discrete time rubella transmission model. We obtained estima

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ndwandwe, Duduzile, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "The Magnitude and Determinants of Missed Opportunities for Childhood Vaccination in South Africa." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040705.

Full text

Abstract:

Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) may be among the factors responsible for suboptimal vaccination coverage in South Africa. However, the magnitude and determinants of MOV in the country are not known. Thus, this study seeks to assess the prevalence and determinants of MOV in the country. South Africa is sub-divided into nine administrative provinces. We used nationally representative data from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. We considered MOV to have occurred if a child aged 12–23 months old had not taken all scheduled basic vaccine doses despite having any of th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Patterson, Jenna, Susan Cleary, Jared Michael Norman, et al. "Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis A in South Africa." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020116.

Full text

Abstract:

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the consideration of introducing routine hepatitis A vaccination into national immunization schedules for children ≥ 1 years old in countries with intermediate HAV endemicity. Recent data suggest that South Africa is transitioning from high to intermediate HAV endemicity, thus it is important to consider the impact and cost of potential routine hepatitis A vaccination strategies in the country. An age-structured compartmental model of hepatitis A transmission was calibrated with available data from South Africa, incorporating direct costs of hepat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

MAHOMED, S., M. ARCHARY, P. MUTEVEDZI, et al. "An isolated outbreak of diphtheria in South Africa, 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 10 (2017): 2100–2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000851.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYAn outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred in two health districts in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa in 2015. A multidisciplinary outbreak response team was involved in the investigation and management of the outbreak. Fifteen cases of diphtheria were identified, with ages ranging from 4 to 41 years. Of the 12 cases that were under the age of 18 years, 9 (75%) were not fully immunized for diphtheria. The case fatality was 27%. Ninety-three household contacts, 981 school or work contacts and 595 healthcare worker contacts were identified and given prophylaxis against C

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Meiring, Susan, Gregory Hussey, Prakash Jeena, Salim Parker, and Anne Von Gottberg. "Recommendations for the use of meningococcal vaccines in South Africa." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 32, no. 3 (2017): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v32i3.43.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Although meningococcal disease (MD) incidence in South Africa is low, Neisseria meningitidis (NM) causes severe disease that is often life-threatening and can cause long-term disabilities. A quadrivalent protein-conjugated meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) is available, and provides protection against 75% of disease causing serogroups in South Africa. Recommendations: We advise vaccination of persons at high risk of meningococcal disease including those with complement deficiency and asplenia; laboratory personnel from reference laboratories who work with NM; and travellers to Saudi Ara

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Durrheim, D. N., G. A. Ogunbanjo, L. Blumberg, R. Spear, and G. C. Bishop. "Human Rabies: A tragedy that must be prevented." South African Family Practice 23, no. 6 (2001): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v23i6.2096.

Full text

Abstract:

Human rabies is endemic throughout South Africa and every year a number of deaths occur, mainly in children largely due to bites from infected dogs, coupled to incorrect management after the exposure.The encephalomyelitis that follows central nervous system invasion bythe rabies lyssavirus is invariably fatal. However modern vaccines and immunoglobulin registered for use in South Africa are safe and very effective in preventing rabies when administered correctly before and after exposure. Unfortunately the prohibitive cost of rabies vaccine does not allow for prophylactic routine immunisation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chandrakantan, A. J. V. "PROCLAIMING THE CRUCIFIED CHRIST IN A BROKEN WORLD: An Asian Perspective." Mission Studies 17, no. 1 (2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338300x00082.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article originally delivered as a keynote address at the IAMS Tenth International Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, is a passionate call to attend to the atrocities being committed against Tamils in the "broken world" of contemporary Sri Lanka. As the author puts it: "Disbelief and forgetfulness are the weapons of those who are opposed to humanity therefore to God. Forgetfulness is the antidote to truth and truthfulness of memory. Looking at this indescribable suffering of the innocent I have often felt that we all live in a world that has become unresponsive to the cries

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Van Zyl, G. U., T. Maponga, H. Rabie, and J. Taljaard. "The role of new hepatitis B vaccines in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 114, no. 2 (2024): e1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2024.v114i2.1473.

Full text

Abstract:

Vaccination is key to eliminating hepatitis B virus infection in South Africa (SA). Despite introducing immunisation in 1995, as part of the expanded programme of immunisation (EPI), hepatitis B virus infection remains endemic, and EPI vaccine coverage is incomplete. In addition to infants, non-immune adults at risk of infection through their occupation or with behavioural risk factors should receive vaccination. SA has many individuals with diabetes mellitus (a prevalence of almost 13%), obesity, HIV (8.45 million) or older age (5 million >60 years old), associated with a poorer vaccine re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Groome, Michelle J., Jacqueline E. Tate, Marion Arnold, et al. "Evaluation of Intussusception After Oral Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in South Africa." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (2019): 1606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz431.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Postlicensure studies have shown an association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception. We assessed the risk of intussusception associated with Rotarix (RV1) administration, at 6 and 14 weeks of age, in an upper-middle-income country, South Africa. Methods Active prospective surveillance for intussusception was conducted in 8 hospitals from September 2013 through December 2017. Retrospective case enrollment was done at 1 hospital from July 2012 through August 2013. Demographic characteristics, symptom onset, and rotavirus vaccine status were ascertained. Using th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Mathebula, Lindi, Sara Cooper, Moleen Zunza, and Charles Shey Wiysonge. "Assessing routine childhood vaccination acceptance, hesitancy and refusal in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa: a mixed-method study protocol." BMJ Open 15, no. 2 (2025): e093451. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093451.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionVaccines have proven to be one of the most effective ways to prevent infections. Since the introduction of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation worldwide by WHO in 1974, vaccines have saved more than 150 million lives and prevented countless illnesses and disabilities. In South Africa, vaccination has contributed substantially to the decline in under-five childhood deaths from 89 418 in 2005 to 47 409 in 2013. However, the country still has limitations in achieving optimal uptake of vaccines.MethodsThis study will use a mixed-methods design to identify the factors associated with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ewang, Bestina Forkwa, Mathias Esum Eyong, Samuel Nambile Cumber, et al. "Vaccination Coverage Under the Expanded Program on Immunization in South West Cameroon." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 2 (2020): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.308.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Inadequate vaccination coverage with increased risk of vaccine preventable disease outbreaks remain a problem in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccination coverage levels under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in a health area and to identify factors that affect vaccination coverage in view of providing valuable data for disease prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in August 2017 in the Mbonge health area, Southwest Cameroon. Clustered sampling technique was used to select study communities and a purposive sampling

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Omatola, Cornelius A., Ropo E. Ogunsakin, and Ademola O. Olaniran. "Prevalence, Pattern and Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses among Children under 5 Years of Age with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Viruses 13, no. 10 (2021): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101905.

Full text

Abstract:

Rotavirus is the most significant cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children under 5 years of age, worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa particularly bears the brunt of the diarrheal deaths. A meta-analysis was conducted on 43 eligible studies published between 1982 and 2020 to estimate the pooled prevalence of rotavirus infection and changes in the main rotavirus strains circulating before and after vaccine introduction among under-five children in South Africa. The pooled national prevalence of rotavirus infection was estimated at 24% (95% CI: 21–27%) for the pre-vaccination period and dec

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bhengu, Phelele, Charles S. Wiysonge, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, et al. "Factors Associated with Acceptance of Vaccination Against Human Papillomavirus in eThekwini District of South Africa." Vaccines 13, no. 7 (2025): 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13070732.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: South Africa launched a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme in 2014 and has achieved a national coverage of more than 80%. However, there is subnational variation in coverage, with eThekwini District in the province of KwaZulu-Natal having the lowest coverage at 40%. Knowledge of the factors associated with vaccine acceptance in this district would inform tailored strategies to improve coverage, which could be extrapolated to similar settings. We conducted this cross-sectional study to assess the factors associated with HPV vaccine acceptance in eThekwini

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kleynhans, Jackie, Stefano Tempia, Kayoko Shioda, Anne von Gottberg, Daniel M. Weinberger, and Cheryl Cohen. "Estimated impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumonia mortality in South Africa, 1999 through 2016: An ecological modelling study." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 2 (2021): e1003537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003537.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Data on the national-level impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction on mortality are lacking from Africa. PCV was introduced in South Africa in 2009. We estimated the impact of PCV introduction on all-cause pneumonia mortality in South Africa, while controlling for changes in mortality due to other interventions. Methods and findings We used national death registration data in South Africa from 1999 to 2016 to assess the impact of PCV introduction on all-cause pneumonia mortality in all ages, with the exclusion of infants aged <1 month. We created a composite (

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Asoh, Kaego Emmanuel, and Anyebe Bernard Onoja. "Rubella and the devastating effects of congenital rubella syndrome." Journal of the African Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases 1 (December 12, 2022): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15641/jafspidvol1pp1-11/1658.

Full text

Abstract:

Rubella virus is a vaccine preventable disease that is endemic in many countries worldwide. We appraised the prevalence and risk factors for rubella and considered the effects of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in children. A systematic review of relevant literature was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were searched for through PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, web of Science, and Index Medicus. Rubella and CRS are endemic in African as well as the South-East Asian region. The current global vacc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gadzama, Jacob Antikrya, Ntlogeleng Mabina Mogale, and Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju. "Disease profile, HIV prevalence and vaccination status of HIV-infected children admitted at a hospital complex, Northern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 3 (2023): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i3.1719.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the availability of vertical transmission prevention, treatment, and immunisation programmes for better health outcomes, children are still infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Those accessing treatment are either virally unsuppressed or have severe forms of diseases, while others have missed opportunities for vaccination. HIV infected children are vulnerable to infections, re-hospitalisation, and missing vaccinations. The study determined the disease profile, HIV prevalence, readmission, and immunisation status of children admitted to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital in Northern Cape P

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

LUKEBA, ABRAHAM MUKONGO BULAIMU, Gerard Eloko Eya Matangelo, Simon-Decap Mabakutuvangilanga Ntela, Monique Rothan Tondeur, and Rita Georges Nohra. "Impact of Parental Vaccination Status on Yellow Fever Vaccination in Children Aged 0–1 Years in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Mixed Sequential Explanatory Study." BioScientific Review 7, no. 1 (2025): 46–64. https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.71.04.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. Yellow fever occurs in the intertropical regions of Africa and South America. Vaccination is a simple, effective, and inexpensive means to reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Presently, the world is witnessing a decrease in the number of children vaccinated each year in low-income countries and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This scenario is leading towards concrete consequences and even a resurgence of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Methodology. This is a sequential and explanatory study conducted using a mixed-method approach. The qu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wolter, Nicole, Cheryl Cohen, Stefano Tempia, et al. "Epidemiology of Pertussis in Individuals of All Ages Hospitalized With Respiratory Illness in South Africa, January 2013—December 2018." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 3 (2021): e745-e753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab089.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Policy recommendations on pertussis vaccination need to be guided by data, which are limited from low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of pertussis in South Africa, a country with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and routine pertussis vaccination for 6 decades including the acellular vaccine since 2009. Methods Hospitalized patients of all ages were enrolled at 5 sentinel sites as part of a pneumonia surveillance program from January 2013 through December 2018. Nasopharyngeal specimens and induced sputum were tested by po

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chonco, F. M., and S. Rangiah. "Susceptibility to hepatitis B infection, hepatitis B/HIV co-infections and hepatitis B immunity in HIV-positive patients starting HAART in Durban, South Africa." South African Family Practice 61, no. 2 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i2.5004.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: HIV/HBV co-infection remains a global threat to HIV management despite the available effective hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B covering antiretroviral therapy. Many studies done in South Africa and internationally showed high prevalence of HIV/hepatitis B co-infection, which mandated routine screening for both infections before initiating HAART. Fewer studies have highlighted the prevalence of hepatitis B susceptibility in the general population starting HAART and most of them were limited to children and high-risk groups. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the extent of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mutsaerts, Eleonora A. M. L., Marta C. Nunes, Sutika Bhikha, et al. "Immunogenicity and Safety of an Early Measles Vaccination Schedule at 6 and 12 Months of Age in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Unexposed and HIV-Exposed, Uninfected South African Children." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 9 (2019): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz348.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Measles morbidity and mortality rates are greatest in children <12 months old, with increased susceptibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed children. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an early 2-dose measles vaccine regimen administered at 6 and 12 months of age in South Africa. Methods HIV-unexposed (HU) (n = 212) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) (n = 71) children received measles vaccination (CAM-70) at 6 and 12 months of age. Measles immunoglobulin G titers were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and 1 month after

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chopra, M. "Brief report. Vaccination coverage is higher in children living in areas with community health workers in rural South Africa." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 43, no. 6 (1997): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/43.6.372.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kampmann, Beate, Caitlin Pley, Julia Strandmark, et al. "Booster Vaccination against Yellow Fever in Gambian children-(BoVY) -a Phase 3 clinical trial to establish safety and immunogenicity of repeated YF vaccination in healthy Gambian children of different ages." Wellcome Open Research 9 (December 24, 2024): 733. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23138.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne and recently re-emerging viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and South America. A highly effective vaccine against YF is licensed and recommended as part of routine childhood immunisation as a single dose at 9 months. Recent observational data demonstrate waning immunity following single primary vaccination and suggest that children in endemic areas may require booster vaccination. Methods This open-label, non-randomised clinical vaccine trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05332197, registered on 31 March 2022, URL: https://clinical

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Dinga, Jerome Nyhalah, Fred Ngwa Ngunjoh, Nicholas Tendongfor, et al. "Determinants of Under-Immunization Among Children Between 0 and 59 Months in Buea Municipality, South Western Cameroon: Implications for National Immunization Campaign." Healthcare 13, no. 3 (2025): 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030239.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Under-immunization remains a major global public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 20 million children globally are not fully vaccinated, with more than half of these children residing in Africa. African countries including Cameroon face unique challenges in achieving high vaccination coverage. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of under-immunization among children aged 0–59 months in Buea, Cameroon to contribute to effective national immunization policy. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the World Hea

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wedderburn, Catherine J., Julia Bondar, Marilyn T. Lake, et al. "Risk and rates of hospitalisation in young children: A prospective study of a South African birth cohort." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (2024): e0002754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002754.

Full text

Abstract:

Children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately affected by morbidity and mortality. There is also a growing vulnerable population of children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU). Understanding reasons and risk factors for early-life child hospitalisation will help optimise interventions to improve health outcomes. We investigated hospitalisations from birth to two years in a South African birth cohort study. Mother-child pairs in the Drakenstein Child Health Study were followed from birth to two years with active surveillance for hospital admission and investigation of aetiology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Bhagwandin, Keveshan, Jayendrie Thaver-Kleitman, Kathleen Subramoney, Morubula Jack Manamela, and Nishi Prabdial-Sing. "Exploring the Epidemiological Surveillance of Hepatitis A in South Africa: A 2023 Perspective." Viruses 16, no. 6 (2024): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16060894.

Full text

Abstract:

Hepatitis A (HAV) presents a significant global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations primarily transmitted through fecal–oral routes, emphasizing the critical role of sanitation and water cleanliness in transmission dynamics. Age-related variations, notably asymptomatic presentation in children, add complexity. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) endemicity classification aids in understanding prevalence and control strategies. This study examines 2023 South African epidemiological data on HAV cases, evaluating age distribution, incidence rates, and provincial disparities. Dat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Sabahelzain, Majdi M., Harriet Dwyer, Seye Abimbola, and Julie Leask. "Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region." BMJ Global Health 10, no. 1 (2025): e016496. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016496.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023. It also presents recommendations to improve vaccination coverage in these settings. The WHO Immunisation Data Portal was used to extract data about vaccination coverage and d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Namukuta, Victoria E., Mariette Smith, Danite Bester, et al. "Incidence, Disease Spectrum, and Outcomes of Tuberculous Meningitis in South African Children: The Initial Impact of COVID-19." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 5 (2025): 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050127.

Full text

Abstract:

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a very severe form of childhood tuberculosis (TB), requiring hospitalisation for diagnosis. We investigated trends in admission, disease spectrum, outcomes, and healthcare system factors in children with TBM managed at a tertiary referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (<13 years) with TBM admitted from 2017 to 2021. An innovative surveillance algorithm was used to identify all possible TBM episodes using integrated electronic health data. Episodes were clinically verified and data were extracted usi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Roy, Bedanta, and Pillay Sellaiah S. "Omicron infections in children: Do we need to worry?" QIJMHS 4, no. 2 (2022): 25–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976155.

Full text

Abstract:

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is still mutating since the pandemic and producing Variant of Concern (VOCs). Genome sequencing revealed the recent strain B.1.1.529 (Omicron) in Botswana, South Africa. WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution (TAG-VE) declared Omicron a VOC on November 26, 2021. [1, 2] As we have learned from the earlier variants that vaccination reduces the disease severity, we are more concerned about the children, as they are not vaccinated. 79,592 children in the U.S. below five years had a first infection, including 7,201 in late December 2021 and early January 2022 w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Dimitrova, Anna, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Robin Richardson, and Tarik Benmarhnia. "Essential childhood immunization in 43 low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of spatial trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vaccine coverage." PLOS Medicine 20, no. 1 (2023): e1004166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004166.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Globally, access to life-saving vaccines has improved considerably in the past 5 decades. However, progress has started to slow down and even reverse in recent years. Understanding subnational heterogeneities in essential child immunization will be critical for closing the global vaccination gap. Methods and findings We use vaccination information for over 220,000 children across 1,366 administrative regions in 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. We estimate essential immunization coverage at the national and subnational l

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Charles S. Wiysonge, Abdu A. Adamu, Maia Lesosky, Hassan Mahomed, and Duduzile Ndwandwe. "Missed Opportunities for Vaccination and Associated Factors among Children Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Cape Town, South Africa: A Pre-Intervention Multilevel Analysis." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050785.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the substantial efforts at ensuring universal access to routine immunisation services among children in South Africa, major gaps in immunisation coverage remain. This study assessed the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) and associated factors among children aged 0–23 months attending primary health care (PHC) facilities in Cape Town. We used multilevel binomial logistic regression models to explore individual and contextual factors associated with MOV, with children aged 0–23 months at Level 1, nested within PHC facilities (Level 2). A total of 674 children and th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kiakuvue, Yannick Nkiambi, Sumaya Mall, Nelesh Govender, et al. "Demographic and pathogen characteristics of incident bacterial meningitis in infants in South Africa: A cohort study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0310528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310528.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of death, with an approximate case fatality rate of 37% across all age groups in South Africa. This study aimed to describe the demographic and pathogen characteristics of incident meningitis in children aged <1 year in South Africa from 2014 through 2018, during a period when Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) were both included in the expanded program on immunization (EPI). Methods We conducted a cohort study of routine laboratory data in the National Health Laboratory Service Corporate Data Wa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Levin, Ann, Teemar Fisseha, Heidi W. Reynolds, Gustavo Corrêa, Tewodaj Mengistu, and Nancy Vollmer. "Scoping Review of Current Costing Literature on Interventions to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Vaccines 12, no. 12 (2024): 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121431.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: A limited number of studies focus on estimating the costs of interventions to increase childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing reviews often compare estimated costs but lack information on the methods used. The objective of this review is to summarize the methods used in costing studies that assessed interventions to reach zero-dose (ZD) children. Methods: We conducted a review of existing studies that estimate the costs of increasing childhood vaccination and reducing prevalence of ZD children in LMICs. We conducted searches of PubMe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Oduwole, Elizabeth O., Tonya M. Esterhuizen, Hassan Mahomed, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "Estimating Vaccine Confidence Levels among Healthcare Staff and Students of a Tertiary Institution in South Africa." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (2021): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111246.

Full text

Abstract:

Healthcare workers were the first group scheduled to receive COVID-19 vaccines when they became available in South Africa. Therefore, estimating vaccine confidence levels and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers ahead of the national vaccination roll-out was imperative. We conducted an online survey from 4 February to 7 March 2021, to assess vaccine sentiments and COVID-19 vaccine intentions among healthcare staff and students at a tertiary institution in South Africa. We enrolled 1015 participants (74.7% female). Among the participants, 89.5% (confidence interval (C

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Charles S. Wiysonge, Maia Lesosky, Hassan Mahomed, and Duduzile Ndwandwe. "COVID-19 and the Gaping Wounds of South Africa’s Suboptimal Immunisation Coverage: An Implementation Research Imperative for Assessing and Addressing Missed Opportunities for Vaccination." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070691.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite South Africa’s substantial investments in and efforts at ensuring universal access to immunisation services, progress has stalled and remains suboptimal across provinces and districts. An additional challenge is posed by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has disrupted immunisation services globally, including in South Africa. While there is growing evidence that missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) are a major contributor to suboptimal immunisation progress globally, not much is known about the burden and determinants of MOV in the South African cont

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Mthiyane, T. N., C. Cohen, S. A. Norris, et al. "Factors associated with missed and delayed DTP3 vaccination in children aged 12 - 59 months in two communities in South Africa, 2012 - 2013." South African Medical Journal 109, no. 8 (2019): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2019.v109i8.13244.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Thindwa, Deus, Nicole Wolter, Amy Pinsent, et al. "Estimating the contribution of HIV-infected adults to household pneumococcal transmission in South Africa, 2016–2018: A hidden Markov modelling study." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 12 (2021): e1009680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009680.

Full text

Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults are at a higher risk of pneumococcal colonisation and disease, even while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). To help evaluate potential indirect effects of vaccination of HIV-infected adults, we assessed whether HIV-infected adults disproportionately contribute to household transmission of pneumococci. We constructed a hidden Markov model to capture the dynamics of pneumococcal carriage acquisition and clearance observed during a longitudinal household-based nasopharyngeal swabbing study, while accounting for sample misclassifications. Ho

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Nguyen, Thi Yen Chi, Bamidele Oladapo Fagbayigbo, Guéladio Cissé, et al. "Diarrhoea among Children Aged under Five Years and Risk Factors in Informal Settlements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cape Town, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 6043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116043.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: There is limited data on the association between diarrhoea among children aged under five years (U5D) and water use, sanitation, hygiene, and socio-economics factors in low-income communities. The study investigated U5D and the associated risk factors in the Zeekoe catchment in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 707 households in six informal settlements (IS) two formal settlements (FS) (March–June 2017). Results: Most IS households used public taps (74.4%) and shared toilets (93.0%), while FS households used piped water on premises (89.6%) a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lavrentieva, I. N., M. A. Bichurina, A. Yu Antipova, et al. "A herd immunity to rubella virus in selected geographical regions." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 12, no. 5 (2022): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-ahi-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 2017, the incidence rate of rubella in the Russian Federation has been below 1 case per million total population. In addition, no circulation of endemic strains of the rubella virus is recorded evidencing about achieving infection elimination phase. In modern conditions, it is important to constantly monitor the level of herd immunity to the rubella virus to identify epidemically significant population groups, especially in countries lacking rubella vaccination or featured with insufficient disease control. Purpose: to study herd immunity to the rubella virus in selected countries in Eur

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mwenda, Jason M., Elizabeth Soda, Goitom Weldegebriel, et al. "Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in the World Health Organization African Region Using the Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Network, 2011–2016." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (2019): S49—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz472.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed data from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases Surveillance Network (2011–2016) to describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis within the WHO African Region. We also evaluated declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction. Methods Reports of meningitis in children &lt

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Casale, Daniela, Gabriel Espi, and Shane A. Norris. "Estimating the pathways through which maternal education affects stunting: evidence from an urban cohort in South Africa." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 10 (2018): 1810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000125.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the determinants of stunting using rich data from a birth cohort study from urban South Africa and to examine the various mechanisms, both proximate and distal, through which maternal education affects stunting.DesignMultivariate regression analysis using birth cohort data, where the outcome variable was stunting at age 2 years, and multiple mediator analysis to identify pathways from maternal education to stunting.SettingSouth Africa’s largest metropolitan area, Soweto-Johannesburg.SubjectsParticipants of Birth to Twenty Plus, a longitudinal cohort study of childr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

le Roux, David M., Mark P. Nicol, Landon Myer, et al. "Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Well-vaccinated South African Birth Cohort: Spectrum of Disease and Risk Factors." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 9 (2019): 1588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) cause substantial morbidity and under-5 child mortality. The epidemiology of LRTI is changing in low- and middle-income countries with expanding access to conjugate vaccines, yet there are few data on the incidence and risk factors for LRTI in these settings. Methods A prospective birth cohort enrolled mother–infant pairs in 2 communities near Cape Town, South Africa. Active surveillance for LRTI was performed for the first 2 years of life over 4 respiratory seasons. Comprehensive data collection of risk factors was done

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chaudhary, Manoj Kumar, Pankaj Chaudhary, Surya Bahadur Parajuli, and Hem Sagar Rimal. "An Outbreak Investigation of Mumps in Eastern Nepal – An Observational Study." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 44, no. 1 (2024): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.60086/jnps1109.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction: Mumps is an acute viral infection caused by a paramyxovirus. Mumps outbreak has been observed in different parts of the world, recently an outbreak was observed in South Africa on May 2023. Although, Mumps is a vaccine preventable disease it has not been included in the routine immunization schedule of Nepal as well as it does not fall under the category of notifiable disease. Complication of Mumps has been observed from children to adults leading to burden in the family and society. The study was done to investigate the burden of mumps in eastern Nepal from May, 2023 to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

P. Okoh, Michael, Kenneth C., and Nwachukwu. "A Virulent Disease Called Monkeypox: A Case Report ofCountries in Africa Where The Disease is Endemic." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12 (2022): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2022.12030.

Full text

Abstract:

Cases of Monkeypox continue to rise and the World Health Organization (WHO), declared it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). A virus called monkey pox causes the disease and it is zoonotic. The epidemiological surveillance from 1981-1986 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) a country in Africa were the disease is endemic, documented only 338 cases. Previously, 90% of the affected personswere children approximately 15 years of age at leastin the endemic countries in Africa. BeyondAfrica, 99% cases ofthe current outbreak were found in men and of those, 98% involved m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Muhande, Irene K., Job Mapesa, and Benard Ouna. "Evaluation of the determinants of uptake of oral rehydration salts with zinc in the management of childhood diarrhea in Kakamega County." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 10 (2024): 3758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20242851.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Diarrhea remains a significant public health concern, contributing to high child mortality, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Approximately 1.5 million cases of childhood diarrhea are reported annually in Kenya, with a prevalence of 16%. Despite the availability of affordable interventions like oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc supplementation, their utilization remains suboptimal in Kakamega County, where child mortality is 45 per 1,000. The combined impact of ORS and zinc in reducing childhood diarrhea and its consequences has not been adequately studied in K

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Brown, Nick, Antti Juhani Kukka, and Andreas Mårtensson. "Efficacy of zinc as adjunctive pneumonia treatment in children aged 2 to 60 months in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (2020): e000662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000662.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundDespite advances in vaccination and case management, pneumonia remains the single largest contributor to early child mortality worldwide. Zinc has immune-enhancing properties, but its role in adjunctive treatment of pneumonia in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is controversial and research still active.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of zinc and placebo in pneumonia in children aged 2 to 60 months in LMICs. Databases included MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, SciELO, the WHO portal, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Dye, Christopher. "Making wider use of the world's most widely used vaccine: Bacille Calmette–Guérin revaccination reconsidered." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 87 (2013): 20130365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0365.

Full text

Abstract:

Approximately 100 million newborn children receive Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) annually, because vaccination is consistently protective against childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary TB. By contrast, BCG efficacy against pulmonary TB in children and adults is highly variable, ranging from 0% to 80%, though it tends to be higher in individuals who have no detectable prior exposure to mycobacterial infections, as judged by the absence of delayed-type hypersensitivity response (a negative tuberculin skin test, TST). The duration of protection against pulmonary TB is also variable, but las

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Hunegnaw Enyew Arega, and Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie. "Validation of risk prediction for outcomes of severe community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0281209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281209.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Globally there are over 1,400 cases of pneumonia per 100,000 children every year, where children in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected. Some of the cases develop poor treatment outcome (treatment failure or antibiotic change or staying longer in the hospital or death), while others develop good outcome during interventions. Although clinical decision-making is a key aspect of the interventions, there are limited tools such as risk scores to assist the clinical judgment in low-income settings. This study aimed to validate a prediction model and develop

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!