Academic literature on the topic 'Vaccination status'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vaccination status"
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Valdez, R. Burciaga, and Korazon S. Romero. "Improving Adult Vaccination Status in the United States." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (2021): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111411.
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Adult immunization practices leave much to be desired. Misinformation has increased mistrust. As a result, Latino and African American populations have low rates of annual flu vaccinations and, during the COVID-19 pandemic, lag behind for COVID-19 vaccination. Historically, healthcare staff have failed to adhere to adult immunization guidelines contributing to patient infections. Healthcare staff, both clinical and non-clinical, must lead by example by making “prevention primary”. Most adults may not realize they need immunizations. We recommend the following steps to increase immunization uptake: Make adult immunization a standard of patient care as we do for children. Assess immunization status at every clinical opportunity. Strongly recommend vaccinations needed. Administer needed vaccinations, multiple if warranted. Document vaccines received by your patient. Participate in your state’s immunization registry and work with community organizations that can help make adult immunization the norm.
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Langhorst, Silvan Elias, Niklas Frahm, Michael Hecker, et al. "Vaccination Coverage against Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis and Poliomyelitis and Validity of Self-Reported Vaccination Status in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050677.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with a neurodegenerative component of the central nervous system. Immunomodulatory therapy can increase the risk of infection, which is a particular risk for MS patients. Therefore, a complete vaccination status is of utmost importance as protection against vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Our aim was to investigate the vaccination status, vaccination card knowledge and the vaccination behavior of MS patients with regard to vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis. Three hundred twenty-seven patients with MS were evaluated by anamnesis, clinical examination, structured interview and vaccination card control in this two-center study. Based on the recommendations of the Robert Koch Institute, we assessed the completeness of the vaccination status of the examined vaccinations. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of patients with complete/incomplete or correctly/wrongly self-reported vaccination status was performed. In the cohort analyzed, the vaccination coverage was 79.5% for tetanus, 79.2% for diphtheria, 74.8% for pertussis and 84.8% for poliomyelitis. The assumed vaccination status was higher for tetanus (86.5%) and lower for diphtheria (69.4%), pertussis (61.2%) and poliomyelitis (75.9%). Patients who were unvaccinated or only partially vaccinated against tetanus had received vaccination advice from a physician less often in the past year (13.4 vs. 36.9%, p < 0.001) and had no one to check the vaccination card more often (35.8 vs. 12.3%, p < 0.001). High sensitivity (93.7%) and low specificity (30.3%) were determined regarding the validity of self-reported tetanus vaccination status. Patients with a correctly reported tetanus vaccination status were more likely to have their vaccination card checked by a physician than those who overestimated or underestimated their vaccination status (76.7 vs. 63.0/43.8%, p = 0.002). Similar findings were seen with regard to diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccination. Patients without a regular vaccination card control (17.1%) were more likely to be male (44.6 vs. 29.4%, p = 0.037), had fewer siblings on average (1.1 vs. 1.6, p = 0.016), dealt less frequently with the issue of vaccination in the past year (32.1 vs. 69.3%, p < 0.001) and more frequently had the wish to receive vaccination advice (48.2 vs. 34.4%, p = 0.030) than patients in whom the vaccination card was checked regularly by a physician. To minimize the risk of infection in MS patients, treating physicians should provide regular vaccination counseling and perform vaccination card controls, as these factors are associated with a higher vaccination coverage and a higher validity of self-reported vaccination statuses.
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Vazhappilly, Shine, Babatope O. Adebiyi, Racheal Githumbi, Nicole A. Johnson, Otto G. Vanderkooi, and Heinrike Schmeling. "Evaluating Vaccination Status and Barriers in Children with Rheumatic Diseases." Vaccines 13, no. 4 (2025): 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040384.
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Background: This study aims to evaluate the vaccination status of children with rheumatic diseases (RD) compared to healthy controls (HC) and immunization barriers, as studies examining the vaccination status and factors promoting or hindering vaccination among children RD remain limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with RD (in a rheumatology clinic) and HC (in a fracture clinic) at a tertiary care center in Canada. Demographics, diagnosis, treatments, and vaccine status were obtained from health records and a provincial electronic vaccine database. A patient/caregiver questionnaire was used to capture perceived immunization barriers, concerns, and satisfaction. Descriptive statistical methods were used for analysis. Results: The study involved 144 children with RD and 111 HC. Data from 94 children with RD and 86 HC, all lifelong Alberta residents, were analyzed for objective vaccination status. Most vaccines were received at rates of 80% or higher, except the influenza vaccine, which had the lowest adherence (34% in RD vs. 21% in HC). In 31% of RD children, vaccinations were withheld due to active disease, healthcare provider advice, or caregiver concerns about side effects. In 27% HC, vaccinations were withheld due to side effects. Both groups primarily relied on their family doctor for vaccination information, and 85% or more expressed satisfaction with the information received. Conclusions: Most children with RD and HC received recommended vaccines, but influenza vaccination gaps were identified. Knowledge about vaccine contraindications in RD is well understood, but perceived safety concerns limit vaccination completeness. Healthcare providers, especially family doctors, pediatricians, and rheumatologists, should be providing education resources for vaccines and be proactive in discussing the safety and necessity of vaccinations.
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Dongarwar, Deepa, and Hamisu M. Salihu. "COVID-19 Vaccination Rates by Global Universal Health Care Coverage Status." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 5, no. 1 (2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.328.
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Healthcare coverage and the type of insurance have always played huge roles in public health outcomes. With coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination now available across the world, we sought to determine vaccination rates across countries with Universal Health Care (UHC) coverage versus those without. We utilized the vaccination information from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations website, and calculated early vaccination rate for each country as of January, 13, 2021 by dividing the total number of vaccinations given to the total population of the country. We observed that the average early vaccination rate for countries with UHC was 1.55%, whereas that for countries without UHC was 0.51%. Countries with UHC are performing much better than those without UHC in this initial race for providing herd immunity across the globe. Copyright © 2021 Dongarwar and Salihu. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
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Bennett, Brady W., Lawrence S. Phillips, and Julie A. Gazmararian. "The Association of Vaccination for Common Adult Infectious Diseases and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines among 5,006,851 Veterans, 20 December 2020–31 October 2021." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (2024): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020145.
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Disparities in vaccination coverage for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States (U.S.) are consistent barriers limiting our ability to control the spread of disease, particularly those by age and race/ethnicity. This study examines the association between previous vaccination for common adult infectious diseases and vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 among a cohort of veterans in the U.S. Sociodemographic and clinical data were utilized from three databases within the Veterans Health Administration included in the electronic health record. We examined the association of previous vaccination for common adult vaccinations through six separate multivariable logistic regression analyses, one for each previous vaccine exposure, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. We also examined the association of receiving any one of the six common adult vaccinations and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Adjusted models indicate higher odds of vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 among those who received each of the previous vaccinations. Significant differences were also noted by race/ethnicity and age. Veterans who recorded receiving any one of the previous vaccinations for common adult infections had significantly greater odds of receiving any vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding veterans’ previous vaccination status can assist researchers and clinicians in impacting the uptake of novel vaccines, such as vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Veronese, Nicola, Giusy Vassallo, Maria Armata, et al. "Multidimensional Frailty and Vaccinations in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 4 (2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040555.
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It is known that influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal and pertussis infections may increase morbidity and mortality in older people. Vaccinations against these pathogens are effective in older adults. Frailty seems to be an important determinant of vaccination rates, yet data supporting this association are still missing. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of four recommended vaccinations (influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) and the association with multidimensional frailty assessed using a self-reported comprehensive geriatric assessment tool, i.e., the multidimensional prognostic index (SELFY-MPI). Older participants visiting the outpatient clinic of Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Palermo, Italy were included. The SELFY-MPI questionnaire score was calculated based on eight different domains, while the vaccination status was determined using self-reported information. We included 319 participants from the 500 initially considered (63.8%). Vaccination against influenza was observed in 70.5% of the cases, whilst only 1.3% received the vaccination against diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis. Participants with higher SELFY-MPI scores were more likely to report vaccination against pneumococcus (45.6 vs. 28.3%, p = 0.01), whilst no significant differences were observed for the other vaccinations. In conclusion, the coverage of recommended vaccinations is low. Higher SELFY-MPI scores and vaccination status, particularly anti-pneumococcus, appear to be associated, but future studies are urgently needed for confirming that frailty is associated with vaccination status in older people.
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Jesmin, S. Maqbool A. Sohael F. Md. Islam M. Matsuishi Y. Shima T. Shimojo N. Kawano S. Md. Rahman A. Yamaguchi N. Moroi M. "COVID-19 Vaccination Status in Bogura District in Bangladesh." J Biomed Res Environ Sci 3, no. 5 (2022): 516–21. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1474.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccines have been licensed for usage and have been delivered over the globe in various regions. There is a lack of public awareness and understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations, however. As a result, researchers conducted a survey to see what Bangladeshis had to say about COVID-19 vaccinations. <strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study, conducted among the general population of Bangladesh, asked a series of questions about the KAP of the population with regard to COVID-19 vaccination, and the demographic characteristics of participants and the source of information with regard to the COVID-19 vaccine were recorded and analyzed. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of 386 complete surveys were included in the final analysis. 35.2% of people, who took part in it, said that everyone in Bangladesh should get the COVID-19 vaccine, while 64.8% said no to this idea. As a result of our survey, 73.6% of respondents believed that the new COVID-19 vaccination, which is now used in Bangladesh, may cause negative effects. Although a large number of the population was illiterate (44.6%), our study indicated that those with higher levels of education had a better understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination. This research indicated that those who had previously received a vaccination had a better understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine. For this to be successful, people must have had positive vaccination experiences in the past. There is a far greater awareness about COVID-19 vaccinations in urban areas compared to rural places. However, when multiple regressions were used, this association did not hold up. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Bangladesh, many are unfamiliar with the COVID-19 vaccination, but they have a positive attitude toward it. Before mass vaccines are planned in the near future, health education campaigns must begin immediately to assist people in better understanding their health.
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Costantino, Andrea, Marco Michelon, Leda Roncoroni, et al. "Vaccination Status and Attitudes towards Vaccines in a Cohort of Patients with Celiac Disease." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (2022): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081199.
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(1) Background: The identification of vaccination status and attitudes towards vaccines among celiac disease (CD) patients is of great importance, but it has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), attitudes towards vaccinations, and its determinants among CD patients. (2) Methods: An anonymous web-based validated questionnaire was sent to a mailing list of CD adult patients. Patients were asked to self-report their previous vaccinations and attitudes towards vaccinations, which were defined as positive, negative, and partially positive/negative. The influencing factors towards vaccinations were investigated, and crude and adjusted odds ratios (AdjORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. (3) Results: The questionnaire was sent to 412 patients, with a response rate of 31.6% (130 patients, 105 women, median age 40 years, interquartile range 36–51). Patients self-reported vaccination against the following diseases: 73.8% tetanus, 42.3% flu, 20% measles, mumps and rubella, 19.2% meningitis, and 16.2% pneumococcus. Thirty-two people (24.6%) did not remember all of their previous vaccinations. In total, 104 (80%) respondents had a positive attitude towards vaccines, 25 (19.2%) a partially positive/negative one, and 1 a negative one. The determinants significantly influencing the positive attitude were being a graduate (AdjORs 7.49) and a belief in the possible return of VPDs with declining vaccination coverage rates (AdjORs 7.42), while the use of complementary and alternative medicines (AdjORs 0.11) and past negative experience (AdjORs 0.16) were associated with a negative attitude. (4) Conclusions: Despite four out of five CD patients showing a strong positive attitude towards vaccinations, one out of five had a partially negative one. Only a minority (16–20%) reported being vaccinated against some VPDs potentially harmful to their CD because of hyposplenism, such as meningitis and pneumococcus. The low vaccination rate against some VPDs, in spite of the 80% of CD patients stating a positive attitude towards vaccination, may be explained in part by patients’ vaccine hesitancy and in part by a possible role of physicians in under-prescribing vaccinations to these patients. These results may be a starting point for developing specific vaccination campaigns to increase vaccination rates against VPDs in CD patients.
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Jegede, Oluwatosin Samson, Ahmed Ali, and Wondimu Ayele. "Awareness and Practice of Pre-travel Vaccination Among International Travelers Departing from Addis Ababa Bole International Airport." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 8, no. 2 (2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.10.
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Introduction: International travelers are exposed to health risks and may transmit infections before, during, or after travel. Travelers are expected to take vaccinations prior to travel. The current study assessed the factors associated with the practice of pre-travel vaccination among travelers departing through Addis Ababa Bole International Airport after their stay in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 international travelers. A multistage sampling technique was used to ensure the representativeness of travel destinations. Awareness and practice of pre-travel vaccination were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire distributed at the departure lounges of the airport. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant factors (at P<0.05) associated with pre-travel vaccination status. Median age was reported with its interquartile range (IQR). Results: A total of 639 questionnaires were analyzed given a response rate of 95.4%. The median age of participants was 34 years (IQR 28-41). Five hundred and eighty travelers (90.8%) were aware of pre-travel vaccinations, 531 (83.1%) took vaccinations, and 185 (29.0%) had their vaccination cards checked upon arrival in Ethiopia. The vaccination rate of the three recommended vaccines for all travelers were yellow fever (72.5%); diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) (21.4%); and influenza (10.8%). Age, marital status, religion, and having vaccination cards checked on previous trips were associated with vaccination status at P values of 0.047, 0.035, <0.001, and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of recommended vaccinations for all travelers, especially DPT and influenza was low. It is pertinent for border health staff to scale up vaccination card inspection at points of entry.
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Murata, Kenji, Sagano Onoyama, Kenichiro Yamamura, et al. "Kawasaki Disease and Vaccination: Prospective Case-Control and Case-Crossover Studies among Infants in Japan." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (2021): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080839.
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The causal effects of vaccines on Kawasaki disease (KD) remain elusive. We aimed to examine the association between vaccines administered during infancy and the development of KD in Japan. We conducted a multicenter prospective case-control study using questionnaires and compared the vaccination status of infants (age: 6 weeks to 9 months) who developed KD (KD group; n = 102) and those who did not develop KD (non-KD group; n = 139). Next, we performed a case-crossover study of 98 cases in the KD group and compared the status of vaccinations between the case and control periods. We also compared the incidence of KD in children for each 5-year period before and after the addition of new vaccines (2012–2013) using data from the Nationwide Survey of KD. In the case-control study, the vaccination status of the KD and control groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent. Multivariable analysis of the vaccination status and patient backgrounds showed no significant association between vaccination and KD development. In the case-crossover study, the status of vaccinations during the case and control periods did not differ to a statistically significant extent. In the analysis of data from the Nationwide Survey of KD, the incidence of KD in children of ages subject to frequent vaccination showed no significant increases in the latter five years, 2014–2018. Based on these prospective analyses, we confirmed that vaccination in early infancy did not affect the risk of KD.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vaccination status"
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Burns, Victoria Elizabeth. "Psychosocial stress and antibody status following vaccination in humans." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395734.
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Thompson, Kim Estella. "Vaccination Status and Attitudes of Urban School Employees in Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4108.
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Individuals who work with children are at risk for exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases. School settings can quickly become outbreak centers for communicable infection since school employees are in direct contact with children in confined areas for many hours each day. Therefore, it is important for school employees to be fully vaccinated. There are many reasons school employees may be inadequately vaccinated. One common myth is that adults believe vaccines are only for children. Another reason for inadequate vaccination rates among school employees is that many adults believe vaccinations received during childhood are still effective. Healthcare providers (HCPs) constitute the first line of defense to ensure adults are adequately vaccinated and, when vaccinations are tracked and recommended by HCPs, vaccination uptake is improved among patients. Unfortunately, many HCPs miss opportunities to vaccinate their adult patients. By discussing recommended vaccinations with adult patients, Nurse Practitioners can be instrumental in improving vaccination rates among school employees.
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Deng, Lucy. "Seizures following vaccination: risk, outcome and recurrence." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27195.
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Background
An adverse event following immunisation is any untoward medical occurrence that follows
immunisation and does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine.
Seizures, ranging from the common and mostly benign febrile seizure to the life-threatening status
epilepticus, that occur following immunisation are considered adverse events following immunisation.
Febrile seizures have been observed to occur in defined periods following vaccination when a fever is
most likely to occur. The magnitude of risk attributed to specific vaccines varies, with no known
increased risk seen for some vaccines. Status epilepticus, continuous seizure activity for 5 minutes or
more without return of consciousness, or recurrent seizure activity without a return to baseline
consciousness in between, has also been reported following vaccination, though the magnitude of
attributable risk is unclear. Both seizure types are rare, but serious adverse events, that can follow
and sometimes be triggered by immunisation. Because of the potential risk of neurodevelopmental
sequalae, seizures can affect both provider and consumer confidence in vaccine safety and therefore
immunisation coverage.
Knowledge gaps on seizures following vaccination include their clinical severity, developmental
outcomes, genetic risks and revaccination outcomes. In my thesis, I aimed to address these gaps to
better inform immunisation providers about the risks and outcomes of these potentially serious
adverse events following immunisation, to improve guidance on their assessment and management,
and ultimately to improve parent and consumer confidence in vaccine safety.
Febrile seizures following vaccination
In this thesis, I set out to assess the clinical severity, neurodevelopmental outcome and genetic risk of
febrile seizures following vaccination, to supplement the known attributable risk of febrile seizures
following specific vaccines. Vaccine proximate seizures were defined as VPS was defined as a
seizure within 14 days of a vaccination encounter, based on previous studies on the timing of fever
and febrile seizures following specific vaccines. I examined the clinical severity of vaccine-proximate febrile seizures through a multi-site prospective cohort study. I discovered that febrile seizures most
commonly occurred following the first dose of measles-containing vaccine, and were not clinically any
different to febrile seizures due to another cause such as a viral illness. The only factor that prolonged
hospitalisation in children with a vaccine-proximate febrile seizure was the presence of concomitant
laboratory-confirmed infection. A subsequent prospective case-control study was conducted to assess
developmental and behavioural outcomes, and to identify the presence of genetic variants in children
with vaccine-proximate febrile seizures compared to children with non-vaccine-proximate febrile
seizures and no history of seizures. Using standardised developmental tests administered by certified
assessors blinded to the child’s medical history and standardised parent-completed questionnaires,
this study found no increased risk of developmental or behavioural problems in children with vaccineproximate
febrile seizures compared to children with non-vaccine-proximate seizures or no history of
seizures. Genetic variants in the sodium channel gene, SCN1A, associated with a severe form of
epilepsy were only identified in children with prolonged vaccine-proximate febrile seizures.
Status epilepticus following vaccination
Prior to this thesis, there were only case reports and case series on vaccine-proximate status
epilepticus, presenting an incomplete and potentially biased picture of the risk and severity of vaccineproximate
status epilepticus that may not be generalisable to the whole population. Using a
retrospective, population-based, record-linked cohort linking birth, immunisation, hospitalisation and
death data, I was able to determine that less than 4% of first episode status epilepticus in children
was vaccine proximate. Similar to vaccine-proximate febrile seizures, status epilepticus was found to
occur most commonly following the first dose of measles-containing vaccine, but at a rate 35 times
lower than that of vaccine-proximate febrile seizure for the same risk window. There was no difference
in clinical severity, measured by duration of hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission or death,
between vaccine-proximate and non-vaccine-proximate status epilepticus cases. The predictor for
ongoing seizures subsequent to the first status epilepticus was seizure onset prior to the status
epilepticus episode. Importantly, vaccination uptake decreased following status epilepticus,
regardless of the proximity of the status epilepticus episode to vaccination. These findings were
confirmed in a second retrospective cohort study I conducted using medical record review to validate
the findings from the larger population-based retrospective study that relied on hospital administrative data. The retrospective cohort study also found morbidity following vaccine-proximate status
epilepticus was associated with the presence of an underlying genetic epilepsy, where the seizures
are the result of a known or presumed genetic defect.
Revaccination outcomes following vaccine-proximate seizures
Following the identification of the risk and outcome of seizures following vaccination, the next logical
clinical question to address was can these children safely proceed with subsequent vaccinations and,
if so, how? I, therefore, examined the risk of seizure recurrence following revaccination in children
with a previous vaccine-proximate seizure. Through a 5-year multi-site retrospective cohort study, I
reviewed the clinical management and outcomes of children with a history of vaccine-proximate
seizures who presented to a Specialist Immunisation Clinic, a specialist clinic at tertiary paediatric
hospitals where children with a vaccine proximate seizure are provided specialised medical
assessment and management for subsequent vaccinations. Vaccine-proximate seizure recurrence
was found to be more likely in children with an underlying genetic epilepsy, in particular Dravet
syndrome. Reassuringly, the risk of seizure recurrence decreased with the use of prophylactic
benzodiazepine with vaccination in these children.
Conclusions
Vaccination is one of the most effective public health measures for reducing the burden of infectious
diseases. However, the success of vaccination programs has been threatened by vaccine hesitancy,
that is, the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite vaccine availability. Concerns regarding the
safety of vaccines and their potential long-term neurological sequalae are amongst the complex
reasons why people choose not to vaccinate.
My doctoral research has contributed to vaccine safety knowledge globally, specifically in the
understanding of seizures, specifically febrile seizures and status epilepticus, as severe acute
neurological events following vaccination. In this thesis, I not only identified the children most at risk of
neurological sequelae following a vaccine-proximate seizure, but also a revaccination management
plan that would allow these children to continue vaccinations without placing them at risk of further vaccine-proximate seizures. These are children aged <12 months, whose underlying genetic epileptic
encephalopathy is unmasked by a vaccination event. These children typically present with status
epilepticus following vaccination, and are most likely to have further seizures with revaccination if it is
given without additional precautions in the form of prophylactic benzodiazepine. My thesis finding
highlights the importance of, and future work required to better understand, adversomics – the
immunogenetics and immunogenomics of vaccine adverse events at the individual and population
level, respectively – and its implications on vaccine safety, confidence and uptake.
Finally, my thesis incorporates a variety of research methods, from retrospective record-linked cohort
studies to examine whole-of-population risk, retrospective multi-site clinic-based cohort studies to
examine detailed clinical management and outcomes, and prospective case-control studies to test
hypotheses. I have demonstrated the unique contribution of each of these research methods and the
strength in combining these to form a broader pharmacovigilance program of research that can help
inform both risk and outcome at a population and individual level. By applying the doctoral research
skills I have acquired, I aim to continue my work as a vaccine safety clinician researcher in the
monitoring and investigation of vaccine safety signals for novel vaccines, including the multiple
COVID-19 vaccines currently in early use globally, to ensure the continued safe and effective use of
vaccines in the years to come.
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Blue, Courtney. "Vaccination Coverage and Socioeconomic Status: A Test of Fundamental Cause Theory." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1541699801772541.
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Liu, Lindy. "An Analysis of Household-reported Health Status and Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Adolescent Influenza Vaccination Rates in the United States: 2008 National Immunization Survey-Teen." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/148.
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Background: Influenza is a highly contagious but preventable acute respiratory illness associated with high morbidity. Seasonal influenza affects approximately 20% to 40% of children and adolescents. Annual influenza vaccination is an effective approach to prevent illness but recent studies suggests that adolescents are underutilizing important preventive health services and that influenza vaccination coverage in high risk adolescents is also suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between household reported health status and socio-demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination.
Methods: Data from the 2008 National Immunization Survey were assessed examining various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as reported health status of non-institutionalized adolescents in the U.S. The sample was limited adolescents aged 13-17. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. P-values of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance.
Results: There were 29063 total observations with 18.9% reporting receiving the influenza vaccine. The results of this study indicate that sex, race and ethnicity, poverty status, health insurance status, asthma status, having an underlying health condition, missed school days due to illness or injury, and maternal age are associated with getting immunized against influenza. As one might expect those who reported having health insurance, having asthma, and having an underlying health condition had higher likelihood of vaccine. Interestingly, non-Hispanic other race and multi-race teens in the study were the most likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared with non-Hispanic white teens.
Conclusions: This study further examines the impact of socio-demographic disparities and health status on influenza vaccination coverage. Although the current influenza vaccine recommendations now include all individuals ages 6 months and older, it should still be important to recognize disparities and inequalities which contribute to non-vaccination or under-vaccination. Improved understanding of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as existing underlying health conditions, will facilitate the path to improving interventions, vaccination rates, and subsequent reduction in the burden of this preventable disease.
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Neal, Stephanie Mary. "Adoptively transferred maternal colostral cells impact immune status and development in dairy calves." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51629.
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Mortality and decreased weight gain resulting from infection and disease in dairy calves is a problem within the dairy industry. Colostrum is the sole source of maternal immunity for the calf, having a substantial impact on health and survival. To date, colostrum quality is determined by concentration of antibodies. Colostrum also contains proteins and cells, which may enhance immune development in the neonate. Our goals were to determine the impact of colostral immune cells on (1) immune status during the first month of life and (2) immune development over time. To determine the impact of adoptively transferred colostral immune cells, calves were fed either whole colostrum (WC) or cell-free colostrum (CFC) at birth. During the first month of life, calves fed CFC had decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells when compared to WC-fed calves. However, CFC-fed calves had a greater percentage of monocytes during the first month of life. To determine the influence of colostral immune cells on immune development, cellular blood parameters were measured in response to two series of vaccinations (A and B). After vaccination series A, CFC-fed calves had decreased numbers of B cells when compared to WC-fed calves. After vaccination series B, CFC-fed calves had decreased levels of interleukin-2 gene expression and numbers of CD4+ and gamma delta T cells when compared to WC-fed calves. This study demonstrates that colostral immune cells impact immune status and development in dairy calves.<br>Master of Science
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Thompson, Erika L. "The Influence of Relationship Status on HPV Vaccine Decision-Making among Young Adult Women." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5890.
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Background: The HPV vaccine is a primary prevention method available to reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers and genital warts. The vaccine is currently approved for catch-up vaccination among women 18 to 26 years of age. Despite this recommendation, the rate of vaccine uptake among this group is considerably low (~34% uptake). One demographic characteristic that is consistently reported as a risk factor for non-vaccination is relationship status, specifically married or monogamous relationships. While the epidemiological data confirm this association, there is a lack of understanding how this risk factor operates. By elucidating the mechanism for this risk factor, HPV vaccine uptake among this consistently unvaccinated group could be improved.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how young adult women’s relationship status influence informational needs, motivations, and behavioral skills related to HPV vaccination. This objective was achieved through the following specific aims: (1) assess how relationship status affects primary reasons for non-vaccination among 18 to 26 year old women; and (2) understand how relationship status frames HPV vaccine decision-making among 18 to 26 year old women.
Methods: To effectively achieve these specific aims, a concurrent mixed-methods study design was conducted. In Phase I, a secondary data analysis using the 2010 National Health Interview Survey was employed to determine if women in relationships are less likely to be interested in vaccination and identify the primary reasons (e.g., misinformation, motivations, behavioral skills) for non-vaccination among different relationship status categories. In Phase II, in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample (N=50) of 18 to 26 year old women at the University of South Florida, stratified by relationship status and vaccination status. A comparative thematic analysis was conducted to determine if there were differences in informational needs, motivations, behavioral skills, and HPV vaccine decision-making between the groups.
Results: Using NHIS 2010 data, women who were living with a partner (PR 1.44 95%CI 1.07-1.87) and never married (PR 1.41 95%CI 1.12-1.73) were less likely to be interested in HPV vaccination compared women who were married. Moreover, primary reasons for non-vaccination differed significantly by relationship status group (p
Conclusion: This study found that relationship status impacts HPV vaccine decision-making among young adult women. Specifically, it operates by modifying risk perceptions for HPV, which serve as barriers to vaccination. Young adult women have the knowledge and behavioral skills necessary to access and understand the importance of HPV vaccination; however, women were unable to accurately perceive their risk for HPV, resulting in impaired motivation for vaccination. A potential approach to address this issue is the use of health literacy. Future research should integrate health literacy techniques with healthcare providers serving this population to assist in the evaluation process for risk of HPV. This will facilitate shared decision-making and patient-provider communication surrounding the HPV vaccine. This can ultimately promote HPV vaccination among young adult women and reduce the morbidity and mortality of HPV-related diseases.
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Hudson, Emily. "Australia’s Rabies Status: Risk and Mitigation of a Potential Incursion." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21313.
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Australia is currently free of canine rabies. However, the communities in the Northern Peninsula Area (NPA), Queensland are at an unknown risk of an incursion because of proximity to rabies infected islands of Indonesia and the presence of large populations of free-roaming dogs capable of maintaining rabies. This thesis used a risk assessment to quantify the risk of rabies entry from Indonesia and estimated an annual probability of 8.3x10-5 that at least one rabies-infected dog could cause rabies transmission. This probability is low but not negligible considering the devastating impacts of rabies on animal and human health. This thesis also collected information on how rabies would spread and what control strategies would best contain a potential outbreak in the NPA. Information on the NPA dog population size and dynamics, which was previously lacking, was collected via sight-resight surveys and dog-owner questionnaires. Similarly, a novel simulation study was developed to analyse GPS data and identified three roaming patterns within the population. The population demographics and the heterogeneous roaming patterns were incorporated into an agent-based rabies-spread model and revealed that dogs that extensively roamed caused large, fast-spreading epidemics compared to dogs that mainly stayed at home. Further, targeted reactive and pre-emptive vaccination of far roaming dogs versus stay-at-home dogs were more effective in reducing simulated outbreak sizes and durations. Overall, this thesis equips decision-makers with actionable information in which pre- and post-border biosecurity policies can be developed or updated. Furthermore, the information in this thesis can be used to direct further studies for both risk mitigation activities or cost-benefit analyses for vaccination strategies. With such information, our ability to reduce the risk of rabies incursions, control rabies outbreaks and improve animal and human welfare is greatly enhanced.
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Long, Joanna Elizabeth. "Psychosocial factors, physical activity status and antibody response to vaccination in healthy and HIV positive populations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3246/.
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This thesis examines the effects of psychosocial factors and physical activity on antibody response to vaccination in healthy young, older, and HIV+ populations. Chapter Two found that a brisk walk prior to vaccination did not improve antibody response to pneumococcal or influenza vaccinations in young (18-30yrs) or older (50-64yrs) adults. Chapter Three examined whether a lifestyle physical activity intervention affected antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination in sedentary middle-aged women. There was no effect on antibody response, body composition or fitness measures, although there was an improvement in quality of life for the intervention group. Finally, Chapter Four investigated the relationship between psychosocial and physical activity status and antibody response to vaccination in HIV+ patients. Antibody response to some strains of the pneumococcal vaccine were predicted by higher physical activity levels (pn1, pn6b, pn18c), greater social support (pn3) and lower life events stress (pn1). However, the majority of analyses found that antibody response to vaccination was not affected by these measures. In conclusion, neither acute nor chronic walking interventions improve antibody response to vaccination, and only limited relationships are seen between psychosocial factors, physical activity status and antibody response to a variety of vaccinations.
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Holtzhausen, Tresia Louisa. "A mathematical investigation of the effects of sexual orientation and HIV status on HPV transmission and vaccination." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3946.
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The effect of the inclusion of sexual behaviour, particularly three sexual orientation classes, on the transmission dynamics of HPV and cervical cancer incidence was investigated. A comprehensive literature review of mathematical models of HPV transmission and the natural history of cervical cancer was concluded. A mathematical model using ordinary differential equations was developed, which incorporated the three sexual orientation classes, and a sexual mixing algorithm for modelling the transmission dynamics. Reproduction numbers, determined through a simplified version of the developed model, indicated that the bisexual population could form a bridge between the heterosexual and homosexual population. The level of interaction is determined by the selection preferences of a bisexual individual to form a partnership with an individual of the same or opposite sex. The model was simulated, with parameters based on a South African population and HPV type 16/18, to investigate the effects of HIV status, sexual orientation and various vaccination strategies on HPV transmission and cervical cancer incidence. The results indicated that HIV status is a significant factor when determining cervical cancer incidence. The results regarding vaccination strategies agreed with results from the literature review with a two sex before sexual debut and catch up program the most effective, noting that with increased vaccination coverage of females the marginal impact on cervical cancer incidence of this approach diminished.
Books on the topic "Vaccination status"
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S, Nasution M., and Wenas Koemarijati, eds. Vaccine production and immunization programme in South East Asia: Its present status and prospects. SEAMIC, 1986.
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Western Australian Institute of Technology. Health Promotion Project., ed. Measles immunisation: Status of children in Perth and parental knowledge and attitudes. Division of Health Sciences, Western Australian Institute of Technology, 1986.
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Great Britain. Health Protection Agency. Centre for Infections., ed. Protecting the health of England's children: The benefit of vaccines : first national report on the current status of the universal vaccine programmes from the Centre for Infections, 2005. Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 2005.
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Chilowa, Wycliffe. Immunization status, knowledge, perception, practice, and quality of care of immunization services in Malawi: Results from Chitipa and Ntchisi baseline survey. University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 1998.
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S, Nasution M., ed. Vaccine production and immunization programme in South East Asia: Its present status and prospects : proceedings of the 13th SEAMIC Workshop. Southeast Asian Medical Information Center, 1986.
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Hans-Martin, Fehl, and Wilke Gerhard, eds. Soziales Entschädigungsrecht: Handkommentar zum Bundesversorgungsgesetz und Soldatenversorgungsgesetz (Kriegsopferversorgung), Opferentschädigungsgesetz, Bundes-Seuchengesetz (Impfschädenversorgung). 7th ed. R. Boorberg, 1992.
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Bunn, Sheri K. Anthrax terrorism: An analysis of United States preparedness and response. Cambridge Lighthouse Press, 2005.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. The smallpox vaccination plan: Challenges and next steps : hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session on examining the federal role and its implementation of a national smallpox vaccination program, focusing on prevention and preparedness strategies, January 30, 2003. U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Proposed legislation--"Comprehensive Child Immunization Act of 1993": Message from the President of the United States transmitting a draft of proposed legislation to provide for the immunization of all children in the United States against vaccine preventable diseases, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vaccination status"
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Clements, C. J. "Vaccination - The Current Status of BCG." In Issues in Infectious Diseases. KARGER, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000066888.
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Rudroff, Thorsten. "Vaccination Status and Long COVID Fatigue." In Long COVID Fatigue. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89474-9_13.
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Wozniak-Kosek, A., M. Mendrycka, A. Saracen, et al. "Vaccination Status and Perception of Influenza Vaccination in the Polish Population." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_33.
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Galazka, A., and F. Gasse. "The Present Status of Tetanus and Tetanus Vaccination." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85173-5_2.
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Wilson, W. David. "Assessment of Vaccination Status and Susceptibility to Infection." In Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118922798.ch40.
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Chumakov, Konstantin. "Current Status and Future of Polio Vaccines and Vaccination." In Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development. Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1818-4_4.
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Shashidhara, Sneha, Sharon Barnhardt, and Shagata Mukherjee. "COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Hesitancy: Survey Evidence from Rural India." In Contextualizing the COVID Pandemic in India. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4906-9_11.
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Kulkarni, Nitin, Chunming Qiao, and Alina Vereshchaka. "Dynamic Modeling and Forecasting of Epidemics Incorporating Age and Vaccination Status." In Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43129-6_26.
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Doolan, D. L., R. C. Hedstrom, M. J. Gardner, et al. "DNA Vaccination as an Approach to Malaria Control: Current Status and Strategies." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80475-5_3.
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Uddin, Mohammad Salah, Debobroto Ghosh, and Ali Akbar Aurnab. "Design a COVID-19 Vaccination Status Verification System Using Face Recognition for Bangladesh." In Innovations in Sustainable Technologies and Computing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3485-6_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Vaccination status"
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Dombale, Anita, Zulfikar Jasdanwala, Krishna Vyas, Yameen Niwshekar, Vaibhav Warghane, and Pallavi Wagh. "Stray Animal Tracking, Heart Rate and Vaccination Status Monitoring Smart Collar." In 2024 Second International Conference on Advances in Information Technology (ICAIT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icait61638.2024.10690779.
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Richeldi, Luca, Pietro Schino, Elena Bargagli, et al. "Vaccination status of the TRITRIAL study population." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa4796.
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"Was there a difference in the COVID-19 symptoms among Ghor Elsafi population either before or after receiving the COVID-19 vaccines?" In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/pzez3624.
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Introduction: COVID19 vaccination had high positive results on infections worldwide. Even if someone has been infected after the vaccination; it will be less severe symptoms and will have a better prognosis. The aim: To assess the COVID-19 clinical presentation, the vaccination status and the need for hospitalization both before and after vaccination among Ghor ELSafi residents. Materials and methods: A community-based study was conducted in Ghor ElSafi, al-Karak, Jordan. A questionnaire was conducted on the google form. A total of 101 participants were classified into: first group (n = 58) (Participants infected before COVID-19 vaccination) and second group (n = 43) (participants infected at least 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination). Demographic data, History of SARS-CO2 infection and vaccination, Different COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, ICU admission and oxygen therapy need were assessed for all participants. Results: All participants were COVID-19 vaccinated. The mean age was 38 (±12.3) years with 51.9% was males. About 32.6% had comorbidities. There was no significant differences between both groups regarding the prevalence of either general, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular or gynecological symptoms (Figure 1). There were variations in some COVID-19 symptoms; Group (1) participants had a higher rate of anosmia/ageusia, a lower rate of sneezing and dry cough than Group (2). About 12.9% of participants required hospitalization, 7 participants required O2 therapy, and 2 were admitted to the ICU. The mean hospital stay was 7.38 (±6.16) days without statistical significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: most of the COVID symptoms were statistically non-significant between pre-vaccinated and post-vaccination groups, except few symptoms. Participants who got infected before vaccination had a higher rate of anosmia/ageusia, a lower rate of sneezing and dry cough. Keywords: COVID19, Vaccinations, clinical symptoms
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Ganapathy, Senthilkumar, Hariharan Subramani, Maideshvar Bhaskaran, Krishnakumar Karthikeyan, and Muniasamy Muniasamy. "Verifying COVID-19 vaccination status using facial recognition technology." In 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT COMPUTING: IConIC2K23. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0259773.
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Aleksandrov, Andrey. "MANDATORY - VOLUNTARY VACCINATION AND PROCESSING OF DATA REGARDING THE VACCINATION STATUS IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE." In EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND DIGITAL INNOVATIONS 2021. Varna Free University "Chernorizets Hrabar", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/esdi2021.27.
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The study is devoted to one of the most important from a practical point of view topics related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the relations between the parties to the employment contract. The "pros" and "cons" arguments of a more intensive intervention of the employer in the personal sphere of the employee, which is also expressed in the processing of data on vaccination status, are examined. The relevant administrative practice is analyzed.
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Zhao, Junyu, and Calvin Or. "An examination of factors beyond the 5C Model in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Decisions." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003480.
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A delay in accepting or a refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services is referred to as vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy has gained increased attention, particularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most commonly used framework in studies of vaccine hesitancy and its determinants has been the 5C model. The 5C model posits that the five individual-level determinants influencing vaccine hesitancy are confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and a feeling of collective responsibility. However, other factors that may also be important in influencing vaccine hesitancy, such as sociodemographic and psychological determinants, have received less attention. Objectives: This study analyzed 1) the effectiveness of the 5C model in predicting the COVID-19 vaccination decision and 2) the association between COVID-19 vaccination decisions and the fear of being infected with COVID-19, attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information, monetary incentives, political attitudes, perception of Hong Kong’s future, and attitude toward the vaccination advice of authorities (government officials and healthcare professionals). Methods: This study used data collected in an online questionnaire distributed from May 2022 to June 2022 during the fifth wave of the Omicron variants in Hong Kong. The questionnaire had 32 items measuring the COVID-19 vaccination status, demographic characteristics, the five determinants of the 5C model, and the following six additional factors: 1) fear of being infected with COVID-19, 2) attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information, 3) monetary incentive, 4) political attitudes, 5) perception of Hong Kong’s future, and 6) attitude toward the vaccination advice of authorities. Results and Conclusions: For the 5C determinants, only confidence was significantly positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination, whereas complacency, constraints, and collective responsibility were associated when a relaxed p-value (p ≤ 0.25) was used. For the six additional factors, only attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information was significantly positively correlated with vaccination status, and when a relaxed p-value (p ≤ 0.25) was used, a fear of being infected with COVID-19, political attitudes, and perception of Hong Kong's future was found to be associated. There was no evidence that calculation, monetary incentives, attitude toward the vaccination advice from authorities, or demographic characteristics were associated with COVID-19 vaccination decisions. The collinearity analysis among the 5C determinants and six additional factors suggested that the six new variables are additional determinants of vaccination decisions.
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Mack, Damien, Jo Seddon, and Rama Vancheeswaran. "Pneumococcal Bacteraemia Serotypes And Vaccination Status In A District General Hospital." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5479.
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Vitral, Claudia, Caio Teixeira, Victor Mello, et al. "Vaccination status of undergraduate health science students: a matter of great concern." In International Symposium on Immunobiological. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2021_46596.
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Dunnick, Jennifer, Maia Taft, Robert Tisherman, Andrew Nowalk, Robert W. Hickey, and Paria Wilson. "Association of Bacteremia with Vaccination Status in Children Aged 2-36 Months." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.470.
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Wahyuddin, S., Zul Rachmat, Amriadi, Rifqi Fahrudin, Gidion Aryo Nugraha Pongdatu, and Zul Fadli. "Applying text mining for case analysis and vaccination status level in Ontario." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATICS ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (INCITEST) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253591.
Full textReports on the topic "Vaccination status"
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Tadros, Mariz, and Claire Thomas. Evidence Review: Religious Marginalities and COVID Vaccination - Access and Hesitancy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.033.
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Religious minority affiliation or status can play a very important role in influencing people's access to vaccines as well as their willingness to undergo vaccination. Many studies focus on class, ethnicity and geographic location when examining how social inequalities impact vaccination programmes. However, religious marginality is often overlooked. Here we explore how being situated on the margins, on account of religious affiliation, shapes experiences of vaccine access and uptake. The issues addressed are important for COVID-19 vaccination roll out, but also contain lessons for all vaccination programmes and many other preventative health measures. In this brief, we present key considerations for addressing differentials in access to and willingness to undergo vaccinations that are linked to religious minority status, experiences, authorities or doctrine. We explain why the study and awareness of religious marginality is crucial for the success of vaccination programmes broadly and specifically as they apply to COVID-19 vaccination. We also explore ways in which religious marginality intersects with other identity markers to influence individual and community access to vaccines. Finally, we examine vaccine hesitancy in relation to religious minorities and outline approaches to community health engagement that are socio-religiously sensitive, as well as practical, to enhance vaccination confidence.
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Tadros, Mariz, and Claire Thomas. Evidence Review: Religious Marginalities and COVID Vaccination - Access and Hesitancy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.043.
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Religious minority affiliation or status can play a very important role in influencing people's access to vaccines as well as their willingness to undergo vaccination. Many studies focus on class, ethnicity and geographic location when examining how social inequalities impact vaccination programmes. However, religious marginality is often overlooked. Here we explore how being situated on the margins, on account of religious affiliation, shapes experiences of vaccine access and uptake. The issues addressed are important for COVID-19 vaccination roll out, but also contain lessons for all vaccination programmes and many other preventative health measures. In this brief, we present key considerations for addressing differentials in access to and willingness to undergo vaccinations that are linked to religious minority status, experiences, authorities or doctrine. We explain why the study and awareness of religious marginality is crucial for the success of vaccination programmes broadly and specifically as they apply to COVID-19 vaccination. We also explore ways in which religious marginality intersects with other identity markers to influence individual and community access to vaccines. Finally, we examine vaccine hesitancy in relation to religious minorities and outline approaches to community health engagement that are socio-religiously sensitive, as well as practical, to enhance vaccination confidence.
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Mishra, Sharmistha, Nathan M. Stall, Huiting Ma, et al. A Vaccination Strategy for Ontario COVID-19 Hotspots and Essential Workers. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.26.1.0.
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Ontario’s initial mass COVID-19 vaccination strategy in place until April 8, 2021 was based on per-capita regional allocation of vaccines with subsequent distribution – in order of relative priority – by age, chronic health conditions and high-risk congregate care settings, COVID-19 hotspots, and essential worker status. Early analysis of Ontario’s COVID-19 vaccine rollout reveals inequities in vaccine coverage across the province, with residents of higher risk neighbourhoods being least likely get vaccinated. Accelerating the vaccination of COVID-19 hotspots and essential workers will prevent considerably more SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths as compared with Ontario’s initial mass vaccination strategy (Figure 1).
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Woods, Rachel, Alison Zhong, and Madelyn Vincent. Factors Associated with Influenza & Tdap Vaccine Uptake in Pregnant Patients at the UT Family Medicine Clinic in Memphis. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2020.0003.
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INTRODUCTION: Given the increased risk for infections among pregnant patients and newborns, vaccination against influenza (>50,000,000 annual US cases affecting all ages) and pertussis (>15,000 annual US cases disproportionately affecting newborns) are recommended among pregnant patients in order to protect them and their babies via passive immunity to cover a newborn’s window of vaccine ineligibility. Though flu and Tdap vaccination rates among pregnant patients have been trending upwards nationally, there is still room for improvement to achieve optimal rates. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to study factors that affect the vaccination rates at the University of Tennessee Family Medicine Clinic at Memphis (UTFMC-M), compare those rates with national pregnancy flu/Tdap vaccination rates, and to generate recommendations based off observed factors associated with vaccine uptake to improve flu/Tdap vaccination rates in UTFMC-M pregnant patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of UTFMC-M patients who were pregnant from September 1, 2019-April 24, 2020 (included 2019-2020 flu season) (n=465). Variables studied included demographic data (race, age, insurance), immunization history (vaccine status, history of physician encouragement), and prenatal history (parity, number of prenatal visits, trimester at first visit, high risk clinic (HRC) admittance status). Vaccination status was based on ACIP recommendations (Flu shot eligible = any gestational age; Tdap eligible = ≥27 weeks). Positive HRC admittance was noted for patients with ≥2 visits to the UTFMC-M HRC, a clinic that specializes in high risk pregnant patient care. RESULTS: The patient sample was predominantly black (84.3%) and insured by Medicaid programs (88%). Among eligible UTFMC-M pregnant patients, 50.1% were flu-vaccinated (n=465); 73.8% were Tdap-vaccinated (n=317); and 52.1% were Flu+Tdap-vaccinated (n=317). No significant associations were found between vaccine uptake and HRC status, parity, and age. However, statistically significant relationships were found between vaccine uptake and physician encouragement (positive relationship with flu shot: X2(1, N = 465) =131, p < 0.001, Tdap: X2 (6, N = 465) =476, p < 0.001), number of prenatal visits (flu shot group median 8 visits, Tdap group median 9 visits vs. unvaccinated group median 4 visits; p < 0.001), and early trimester age at first prenatal visit (X2(6, N = 465) =47.635 , p CONCLUSION: 2019-2020 UTFMC-M vaccination rates were on par with 2018-2019 US flu vaccine rates and higher than 2018-2019 US Tdap and Flu+Tdap rates. There were statistically significant relationships between vaccine uptake at UTFMC-M and physician encouragement, number of prenatal visits, and early trimester age at first prenatal visit but no significant relationships with UTFMC-M HRC admittance, parity, or age. Recommendations following from our observations to address further vaccine rate improvement include: continue vaccine encouragement, continue booking multiple visits (8 for flu, 9 for Tdap), prioritize Tdap vaccine higher for late trimester intake patients, and focus on flu vaccine encouragement and education.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Dufour-Simard, Xavier, and Pierre-Carl Michaud. COVID-19 Risk (Mis)Perceptions. CIRANO, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54932/uefw8578.
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Using a unique large-scale survey repeated over a period of 18 weeks during the Omicron variant wave of early 2022, we study how subjective risk perceptions line up with objective risks across various socio-economic groups in Quebec, Canada. We find that perceptions and infection estimates follow surprisingly similar trends in the aggregate but vary significantly across groups. We associate misperceptions with characteristics such as age, vaccination status and sector of employment. We discuss various implications of these results in terms of prevention and of the effectiveness of policy aimed at reducing the risk of infection through information and education.
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Barro, Robert. Vaccination Rates and COVID Outcomes across U.S. States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29884.
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Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson, and Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
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1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.
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Vallerani, Sara, Elizabeth Storer, and Costanza Torre. Key Considerations: Equitable Engagement to Promote COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Undocumented Urban Migrants. SSHAP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.013.
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This brief sets out key considerations linked to the promotion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among undocumented migrants residing in Rome, Italy. We focus on strategies to equitably distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from Italy is applicable to other contexts where vaccine administration is tied to “vaccine passports” or “immunity passes”. Undocumented migrants have been considered as some of the “hardest to reach” groups to engage in COVID-19 vaccination outreach. This brief uses the term undocumented migrant or migrant for brevity, but we refer to people living without formal Italian citizenship, refugee status or right to remain in Italy. This brief explores the everyday context of undocumented migrants lives, and how experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated difficult conditions. It links emerging vulnerabilities to perceptions of vaccines, and we suggest that migrants orientate themselves towards the vaccines within frameworks which prioritise economic survival. In many cases, migrants have accepted a COVID-19 vaccine to access paid employment, yet this has often generated mistrust in the state and healthcare system. Accordingly, this brief considers how vaccines can be distributed equitably to boost trust and inclusion in the post-pandemic world. This brief draws primarily on the ethnographic evidence collected through interviews and observations with undocumented migrants in Rome, along with civil society representatives and health workers between December 2021 and January 2022. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Sara Vallerani (Rome Tre University), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Costanza Torre (LSE). It was reviewed by Santiago Ripoll (IDS, University of Sussex), with further reviews by Paolo Ruspini (Roma Tre University) and Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Pavia University). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Villarroel, Maria, Adena Galinksy, Peng-Jun Lu, Cassandra Pingali, and Claudia Valenzuela. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage in Children Ages 9–17 Years: United States, 2022. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:145593.
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