Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vacuum degassing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Vacuum degassing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vacuum degassing"

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Valenti, Michael. "Vacuum Degassing Yields Stronger Steel." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 04 (April 1, 1998): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-apr-1.

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This article discusses the vacuum degassing technology that improves quality of products and shortens processing cycles. This technology is becoming more popular thanks to the greater demand for better steels by customers in the automotive, construction, and rail markets. The future of vacuum-degassing systems is bright, in spite of their hefty price tag. Kvaerner Metals has built vacuum-degassing systems costing $25 million on the low end up to $55 million for its steel-making clients. Maintenance of the vacuum system is an ongoing challenge for the steel plant. To maintain high availability, routine searches and repair of air leaks is required. Special attention is needed for the refractory systems to maximize their life cycles. Despite those concerns, Kvaerner Metals’ Holmes remarked that vacuum-degassing systems are likely to become more widely used by major steel companies striving to keep their competitive edge in the niche applications now under assault by smaller competitors already equipped with the equipment.
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Burgmann, W., and K. Göhler. "Modern Vacuum Pumps for the Vacuum Degassing of Steel in Small and Large Vacuum-Degassing Units." Metallurgist 57, no. 5-6 (September 2013): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-013-9762-5.

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Wong, Dominick, Mahmood Anwar, Sujan Debnath, Abdul Hamid Abdullah, Sudin Izman, and Alokesh Pramanik. "Degassing Process Influence on Tensile Strength of Neat E132 Epoxy Polymeric Materials." Materials Science Forum 1026 (April 2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1026.129.

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During the composite’s fabrication process, one of the most common defect occurs is void. Numerous literatures have suggested that the presence of void negatively affect its mechanical properties and effective degassing process is one the solutions for such issue. In this study, experiments were carried out using neat E132 epoxy to investigate the effects of different degassing process (hot water, ultrasonic bath, and vacuum) on its tensile strength. The duration of its process was carried out from 5 – 9 minutes for hot water and ultrasonic bath where vacuum process was extended until 10 minutes to observed limiting behavior. It is found that the vacuum degassing method is the most effective. Vacuum degassing process displayed the least formation of bubble and micro voids even for 10 minutes. It is also revealed that vacuum degassing process resulted the highest average tensile strength at 48.8MPa. Such findings would facilitate the well bonded effective nanocomposite fabrication process.
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Han, Qin You. "Ultrasonic Degassing of Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.155.

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This article discusses research on using power ultrasound for degassing of molten aluminum alloys. At least three types of technique have been developed for ultrasonic degassing. The type deals with degassing using power ultrasound alone. Degassing in a small melt can be achieved within a few minutes of ultrasonic vibration. The second type is ultrasound assisted vacuum degassing. A combination of vacuum and power ultrasound makes degassing much complete and fast. The third type is ultrasound assisted lance degassing. Ultrasonic vibration is used to break up the large argon or nitrogen bubbles into much smaller ones, resulting in an increased efficiency of degassing of aluminum melt. The benefits of ultrasonic degassing include: no moving/rotation part in the degassing system; less use of argon and no use of chlorine; and less amount of dross formation during degassing. Furthermore, trace elements such as Na and Li can be removed using ultrasonic degassing. Keywords: Aluminum alloys, degassing, porosity, and power ultrasound
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Kuo, Chil Chyuan, Min Hsiang Wu, and Ming Yang Lai. "Development of a Low-Cost Automatic Vacuum Degassing System for Rapid Tooling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.349.

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Silicone rubber mold is frequently used in the indirect tooling. Automatic vacuum casting system is widely used to degas in the manufacturing of silicone rubber mold, but the cost of hardware is very expensive. A low-cost automatic vacuum degassing system is designed, build and test in this study. Optimized parameters for degassing process are investigated. The saving in the degassing time is about 23.4%.This system offers many advantages such as reducing human error of operator, reducing noise and air pollutions derived from the vacuum pump of the vacuum casting system.
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Popescu, Gabriela, I. Gheorghe, F. Dănilă, and Petru Moldovan. "Vacuum Degassing of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 217-222 (May 1996): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.217-222.147.

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Juan, Jaime, Arlindo Silva, Jose Antonio Tornero, Jose Gámez, and Nuria Salán. "Void Content Minimization in Vacuum Infusion (VI) via Effective Degassing." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172876.

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This paper addresses the major concern which component porosity represents in Vacuum Infusion (VI) manufacturing due to resin gelation at pressures close to absolute vacuum. Degassing is a fundamental step to minimize or even avoid resin outgassing and enhance dissolution of voids created during preform impregnation. The efficacy of different degassing procedures based on vacuum degassing, and assisted by adding a nucleation medium, High Speed (HS) resin stirring and/or later pressurization during different time intervals have been analyzed in terms of final void content is studied. Through a rigorous and careful design of the manufacturing process, outgassing effects on final void content were isolated from the rest of porosity causes and specimens with two clearly identifiable regions in terms of porosity were manufactured to facilitate its analysis. Maximum void content was kept under 4% and porous area size was reduced by 72% with respect to conventional vacuum degassing when resin was stirred at HS; therefore, highlighting the importance of enhancing bubble formation during degassing.
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Fedchak, James A., Julia Scherschligt, Daniel Barker, Stephen Eckel, Alex P. Farrell, and Makfir Sefa. "Vacuum furnace for degassing stainless-steel vacuum components." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 36, no. 2 (March 2018): 023201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.5016181.

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Malashkina, V. A. "Monitoring the effectiveness of the coal mine degassing system-the basis for safe work of miners." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 6-1 (May 20, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-61-0-38-45.

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The process of degassing coal mines has become an integral part of the technological process of coal mining in the development of gas-bearing coal deposits. Research data and practice confirm the impact of degassing efficiency on all stages of the technological process, and has a significant positive impact on the technology and economy of the faces, sections and mines as a whole. Continuous monitoring of the main performance indicators of the degassing system (degassing and gas-pumping plants) allows early detection of dangerous and adverse factors that affect the safety of miners. The main indicators of the efficiency of degassing systems should include not only compliance with regulatory documents, the content of methane in each mining operation,but also the continuity of the degassing and gas-pumping plants. This indicator can be provided by the stability of the underground vacuum degassing gas pipeline and vacuum pumping station. Timely condensate discharge and maximum tightness of the vacuum gas pipeline for these conditions must be provided. Data on monitoring these indicators affect the quality of operation of the vacuum pumping station and, consequently, to ensure a safe situation in the mine workings. Comparison of current indicators with standard ones in the current time mode will allow timely detection of dangerous situations and make appropriate decisions aimed at reducing accidents at gas-rich coal mines
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Kuo, Chil Chyuan, and Chuan Ming Huang. "Development of a High Efficiency Degassing System for Making Silicone Rubber Mold." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.835.

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Silicone rubber mold is regarded as an important method of reducing the cost and time to market in a new product development process. Commercial automatic vacuum machine is widely used to degas in the manufacturing of silicone rubber mold, but the cost of hardware is very expensive. A high efficiency degassing system is designed and implemented from regular vacuum machine. It is found that degassing process includes explosion phase, balance phase and convergence phase. The maximum saving in the degassing time is about 63.7%. The advantages of this system include reducing human error of operator, reducing noise and air pollutions derived from the vacuum pump.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vacuum degassing"

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Médioni, Charlotte. "Influence of Stirring on the Inclusion Characteristics during Vacuum Degassing in a Ladle." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-167110.

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Steel cleanliness as a function of stirring practice during vacuum degassing treatment have been investigated in industrial studies at the steel plants of SSAB Special Steels in Oxelösund and Uddeholm AB in Hagfors. The cleanliness was examined with regards to the contents of sulphur, nitrogen and large inclusions (>10µm). The stirring practice during the vacuum degassing treatment has been studied with respect to time, namely by shortening the vacuum degassing treatment time from 24 to 15 minutes. Furthermore, the effect of the stirring intensity was studied by measuring the open eye zone using camera recordings. The focus has been to study the effect of a shortened vacuum degassing time as well as a controlled stirring intensity on the steel cleanliness. Moreover, study the effect of subsequent induction stirring, after vacuum degassing, on the amount of inclusions. By taking steel and slag samples taken before and after the vacuum degassing treatment, the different stirring practices could be investigated. It should be noted that all heats reached the desired composition regardless of the treatment time and stirring practice. The results from the trials at SSAB Special Steels showed that the stirring practice during vacuum degassing have an effect on the total number of inclusions. The strong argon stirring during vacuum degassing with visible open eyes resulted in an average increase of 400% of the total amount of inclusions >10µm. However, no difference between a vacuum degassing time of 24 or 15 minutes was seen with respect to the increased amount of inclusions, denitrogenization or desulphurization. During the subsequent induction stirring, which was softer with no open eyes, the effect of the stirring practice was unclear due to overlapping confidence intervals. An average decrease of 65% of the total amount of inclusions >10 µm was seen for the heats  with non-overlapping confidence intervals. Based on these results it can be suggested that the use of a soft induction stirring after the vacuum degassing treatment as a possible process change to reach lower amounts of large inclusions. The stirring intensity during the vacuum degassing treatment was measured as the average ladle eye size during the trials at Uddeholm AB. This, due to that stronger stirring results in larger ladle eye zone. The results show that the amount of smaller inclusions (<11.2 μm) decrease by up to 90% compared to the original amount, regardless of the stirring intensity. A stronger stirring showed tendency to increase the amount of large inclusion (>22.4 μm). Moreover, the denitrogenization and desulphurization was not affected by the changed stirring intensity during vacuum degassing. It was also found that the average ladle eye size did not correlate to the logged average argon flow.

QC 20150522

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Kang, Young Jo. "Some aspects of non-metallic inclusions during vacuum degassing in ladle treatment : with emphasize on liquid CaO-Al2O3 inclusions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Materials Science and Engineering, (Materialvetenskap), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4288.

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Steneholm, Karin. "The effect of ladle vacuum treatment on inclusion characteristics for tool steels." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317.

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Ertelt, Tomáš. "Oduhličení a odplynění vysokolegovaných chromových ocelí ve vakuu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231633.

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The work deals with the investigation of the effects of vacuum degassing and decarburization in high alloyed stainless steel. The reason for this is to increase corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The theoretical part is devoted to the analysis of options to reduce carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and manganese at atmospheric pressure and in vacuum. In experimental part there is the description of melting, calculation of conditions facilitating reduction of oxide inclusions as a function of the gas pressure in the furnace and the evaluation of the influence of vacuum on the content reduction of carbon, nitrogen and manganese.
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Rocha, Vinicius Cardoso da. "Viscosidade efetiva de escórias e parâmetro cinético de agitação aplicados na limpeza inclusionária de aços especiais durante desgaseificação a vácuo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150578.

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Há uma demanda por competitividade entre as indústrias de aços, a fim de alcançar a excelência definida pelo termo clean steel. O processo de desgaseificação a vácuo (VD) ocorre durante o Refino Secundário de aços especiais. Sua principal função é remover gases indesejáveis, especialmente o hidrogênio. Entretanto, durante este processo, o fenômeno de flotação e a absorção de inclusões são reportados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a viscosidade de escórias e a capacidade da estação de desgaseificação a vácuo do tipo tanque na limpeza de aços sob uma perspectiva industrial. Para realizar este objetivo, foram coletadas amostras de escória e aço antes e após a etapa de vácuo. Os resultados em limpeza de aço foram relacionados à energia de agitação durante o tratamento a vácuo (associada a um parâmetro cinético - βs) e ao efeito da viscosidade de escórias. É possível observar um decréscimo expressivo na população de inclusões entre as condições antes e após tratamento de desgaseificação a vácuo. A remoção de inclusões durante o vácuo atinge 64, 75 e 78% para as faixas de diâmetro de 2,5-5, 5-15 e ≥ 15 μm, respectivamente. Após o processo de desgaseificação, a composição das inclusões não-metálicas aproxima-se da composição química da escória. O processo de agitação na estação de desgaseificação a vácuo promove uma diminuição significativa na densidade de inclusões na faixa de diâmetro de 2,5-15 μm. Além disso, ao aumentar a intensidade do parâmetro cinético, a composição química de inclusões não-metálicas foi afetada e o teor de enxofre presente no aço líquido foi reduzido. Quanto às viscosidades efetiva das escórias, conclui-se que, para valores mais baixos (0,20 Pa.s) aumenta-se a capacidade da escória na remoção de inclusões, enquanto que valores mais altos (> 0,40 Pa.s) aparentaram ser prejudiciais à limpeza do aço.
There is a demand in competitiveness within the steel industry towards achieving excellence defined by clean steel term. The process of vacuum degassing (VD) occurs during the secondary refining of special steels. Its main function is to remove undesirable gases, primarily hydrogen. However, during this process, flotation phenomenon and inclusions absorption are reported. The aim of the present work was to study the slag viscosity and vacuum degassing (tank type) capacity in steel cleanliness from an industry perspective. To achieve this objective, slag and steel samples were taken before and after vacuum stage. The results in steel cleanliness were related to the stirring energy of the vacuum station (associated to a kinetic parameter – βs) and to the effect of slag viscosity. It is possible to observe an expressive decrease in the population of inclusions between the conditions before and after vacuum degassing treatment. The removal of inclusions during the vacuum stage reaches 64, 75 and 78% in the diameter ranges of 2,5-5, 5-15 and ≥ 15 μm, respectively. After the degassing process, the composition of non-metallic inclusions seemed to approach the slags’ chemical compositions. The stirring process in the vacuum degassing station promotes a significant decrease in the inclusion density with 2,5-15 μm diameter range. Also, by increasing the kinetic parameter intensity, the composition of non-metallic inclusions was affected. The sulfur content present in liquid steel was reduced. Regarding the effective viscosities of slags, it was concluded that lower values (0,20 Pa.s) increased slag capacity in inclusion removal, whereas higher values (> 0,40 Pa.s) was detrimental to steel cleanliness.
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Riyahimalayeri, Kamrooz. "Slag, Steel, Ladle and Non-metallic Inclusions Equilibria in an ASEA-SKF Ladle Furnace." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102149.

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This study explores the possibility of prediction and modification of some of the physicochemical properties of non-metallic inclusions by considering top slag-steel-ladle equilibria in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace. To test the reliability of an available computational thermodynamic computer program, the first sub project was done. It was concluded that LiMeS, an interface for Thermo-Calc, is a useful tool for slag-steel equilibrium calculations. The second sub project was set out to find some model/s that could calculate the most accurate oxygen activity of molten steel compared to the measured one. This study concluded that both Wagner’s and Turkdogan's equations are useful. It was further seen that increasing the Al contents in the molten steel, increasing the CaO/Al2O3 ratio in the top slag, and reducing the temperature, resulted in reduction of the oxygen activity of the molten steel. In the third sub project a comparison was made between measured CaO and Al2O3 (normalised to CaO-Al2O3) in top slag, calcium aluminate inclusions, and the results of theoretical calculations. The average contents of CaO and Al2O3 in all inclusions were close to the composition of the phase Ca12Al14O33 and the contents of CaO and Al2O3 in the slags were close to the composition of the phase Ca3Al2O6 in the binary phase diagram of CaO-Al2O3. The forth sub project set out to study the effect of vacuum degassing time on non-metallic inclusions. It was concluded that during the vacuum degassing process the share of calcium aluminates compared to spinels, Ca content of the oxides, and the average equivalent circle diameters of the oxides were increasing, and oxides tended to form spherical shapes. Finally, based on the preceding four sub projects, the fifth sub project aimed to optimize the steel treatment in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace. The final results showed that by adding 200 kg fluorite to the top slag of 1200 kg, it was possible to achieve a sulphur content of less than 10 ppm in the steel and a sulphur ratio between slag and steel of 1570, and at the same time reduce the oxygen activity of the molten steel and the degassing time.

QC 20120917

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Safa, Meer. "3D study of non-metallic inclusions by EEmethod and use of statistics for the estimationof largest size inclusions in tool steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93770.

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The control of non-metallic inclusions is very important for the improvement of performance during the application of tool steel. This present study was performed to see the effect of changing of some process parameters during the vacuum degassing of the melt and how these changing parameters affects the characteristics of inclusions in tool steel. The main parameters that were changed during the vacuum degassing were the change of induction stirring, argon flow rate from both the plug 1 and 2 and different ladle ages for different heat. Electrolytic extraction method was used to observe the morphology and characteristics of inclusions as a 3 dimensional view in tool steel. Four lollipop samples from four different heats were used for the experiment and all the samples were after vacuum (AV) degassing. In this study four different types of inclusions were found and they are classified as type 1, 2, 3 and 4. Of them type 1 inclusion was the major one with mostly spherical shaped. This study shows that among the three parameters, induction stirring has the biggest effect for the total number of inclusions per volume in the sample than the other two parameters Heat 4A showed the lowest number of inclusions per volume comparing with the other heats. The main reason behind this can be said that the induction stirring was the lowest comparing with the other heats with moderate argon flow and ladle age of 12. Extreme value analysis was used in this study to predict the probability of getting largest size inclusions in a certain volume of the metal. For the prediction of the largest inclusion size, both the electrolytic extraction (3D) and cross-sectional (2D) method was used. Later in this study comparison was done to determine the accuracy of both the methods and it is concluded that for the type 1 inclusions electrolytic extraction method shows almost similar trend with cross-sectional method and electrolytic extraction method shows better accuracy for the prediction of largest size inclusions than the cross-sectional method. Electrolytic Extraction method is also applicable for the prediction of largest size inclusions for multiple types of inclusions.
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Nandakumar, Varun. "Process and Tool Design for the High Integrity Die Casting of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409032627.

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Juan, Muñoz Jaime. "Development of the in situ forming of a liquid infused preform (ISFLIP) process : a new manufacturing technique for high performance fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) components." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457775.

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A problem is not a problem anymore if no solution exists; therefore, in the present dissertation, a novel manufacturing technique, the In Situ Forming of a Liquid Infused Preform (ISFLIP), is proposed as a solution to some typical problems that manufacturing of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) parts through Vacuum Infusion (VI) involves, such as not taking advantage of the full potential of FRPs, long processing times and lack of reproducibility. ISFLIP is a hybrid process between VI and diaphragm forming in which a flat preform of a stack of reinforcement fabrics is firstly impregnated with a low viscosity matrix and, then, formed over a mould while the matrix is still in the low viscosity state. Being focused on high performance FRPs and shell components, from simple to complex double curvature shapes, a number of trade-offs between VI and diaphragm forming were overcome to lay the foundations from which ISFLIP ability to manufacture FRP components has been proven. In order to adopt a VI manufacturing methodology that fitted ISFLIP targets, important contributions to more general VI have also been made in terms of part quality optimization, addressing the major concern that void content is in VI, with competitive manufacturing times. An effective vacuum degassing procedure in which bubble formation is enhanced through high speed stirring, and a non-conventional filling and post-filling strategy are proposed for this purpose. Eventually, void content was virtually eliminated and post-filling time minimized without affecting fibre content. In ISFLIP, textile preforms are formed together with a series of auxiliary materials (plastic films and sheets, textile fabrics and knitted meshes), most of them showing different in-plane deformation mechanisms. Forming performance of preforms, as well as final part quality, are severely affected by interactions between all these materials different in nature. Uncertainties on this respect and an initial evaluation of attainable shapes were also addressed to define a more focused research plan to the final goal, still distant, of implementing ISFLIP in a real production environment. Results obtained throughout the research project give cause for reasonable optimism in ISFLIP potential and future prospects.
Un problema deja de ser un problema si no existe solución; por lo tanto, en esta disertación, una novedosa técnica de fabricación, el Conformado In Situ de una Preforma Infusionada con resina Líquida (ISFLIP, por sus siglas en inglés), se propone como solución a algunos problemas típicos relacionados con la fabricación de piezas de Polímero Reforzado con Fibra (FRP) a través de la Infusión por Vacío (VI), problemas tales como el desaprovechamiento de todo el potencial de los FRPs, largos tiempos de procesado y falta de reproducibilidad. ISFLIP es un proceso híbrido entre la VI y el conformado por membrana elástica en el que una preforma plana formada a partir de un apilado de tejidos de refuerzo es en primera instancia impregnada con una resina de baja viscosidad y, entonces, conformada sobre un molde mientras que la matriz permanece todavía en el estado de baja viscosidad. Estando centrado en los FRPs de altas prestaciones y en componentes con formas tipo concha, desde curvaturas simples hasta formas con doble curvatura complejas, un número importante de compensaciones entre la VI y el conformado por membrana se han ido superando para asentar las bases a partir de las cuales se ha probado la capacidad de ISFLIP para fabricas componentes de FRP. Con la vista puesta en implementar una metodología de fabricación por VI que cumpliese los objetivos definidos para ISFLIP, también se han realizado importantes contribuciones de carácter más general relacionadas con la VI en términos de optimización de parámetros de calidad de las piezas, abordando la gran preocupación que la porosidad final supone en la VI, y consiguiendo unos tiempos de fabricación competitivos. Con este propósito se han propuesto un proceso de desgasificación por vacío muy efectivo en el que se favorece la nucleación de burbujas mediante la agitación a alta velocidad, y una prometedora y no convencional estrategia de llenado y post-llenado de la preforma. Finalmente, se consiguió virtualmente eliminar la porosidad atrapada en las piezas, minimizando el tiempo de post-llenado sin afectar la fracción de fibra contenida. En ISFLIP las preformas textiles se conforman junto con una serie de materiales auxiliares (films y hojas plásticas, mallas y tejidos textiles), que muestran diferentes mecanismos de deformación en plano. El conformado de las preformas y el acabado final de las piezas se ve severamente afectado por todas las interacciones entre todos estos materiales diferentes en naturaleza. También se han abordado las incertidumbres que surgen al respecto y una evaluación inicial de las geometrías abarcables para definir un plan de investigación más concreto con el que poder afrontar la meta final, todavía distante, de implementar ISFLIP en un entorno productivo real. Los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de este proyecto de investigación permiten ser razonablemente optimistas en cuanto al potencial de ISFLIP y sus expectativas.
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Ming-Yang, Lai, and 賴名揚. "Development of an automatic vacuum degassing system and research of system optimization." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79961757902381958252.

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碩士
明志科技大學
機電工程研究所
99
This study is aiming at vacuum degassing step of RT (Rapid Tooling) of silicone mold manufacturing process and provides another thinking and solution. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is used for the program control. A selected commercial sensor detects the status of vessel edge to check if the silicon liquid flows over the vessel during degassing process. For further, it can provide much better optimal control analysis and improves efficiency of silicon mold making and reduces the human error due to manual operation. The automatic degassing system only needs two steps which set the time and adjust the sensor position in use.It will save degassing time and comparing to manual mode has the following characteristics: First, The operation is simple. The sensor can be quickly adjusted to correct position and operators do not need special training before operating. Second, To ensure the silicone not overflow. Third, An operator doesn’t care the system after the system is started. A buzzer provides the message as the procedure is finished. It is not necessary to be monitored by human. The system provides us higher work efficiency. Fourth, The system reduces the uncertainty factor of human operation. Keywords: RP (Rapid Prototyping)、RT (Rapid Tooling)、Vacuum Degassing.
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Books on the topic "Vacuum degassing"

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Fruehan, R. J. Vacuum degassing of steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron & Steel Society, 1990.

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R, Pradhan, TMS Ferrous Metallurgy Committee., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Fall Meeting, eds. Metallurgy of vacuum-degassed steel products: Proceedings of an international symposium. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vacuum degassing"

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Chan, Allen, and Ray Peterson. "Miniature Vacuum Degassing System." In Light Metals 2019, 1057–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_129.

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Zeng, Jianmin, Bolin Wu, Zhiiu Hu, Linjiang Wang, and Deguang Cao. "A New Vacuum Degassing Process For Molten Aluminum." In Light Metals 2014, 1051–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_175.

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Zeng, Jianmin, Bolin Wu, Zhiiu Hu, Linjiang Wang, and Deguang Cao. "A New Vacuum Degassing Process for Molten Aluminum." In Light Metals 2014, 1051–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch175.

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Sun, Jie, Honggang Zhong, Qijie Zhai, Yong Xian, and Zhaohui Sun. "The Study on Vacuum Degassing Process of AIV55 Alloy." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 659–65. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch84.

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Sun, Jie, Honggang Zhong, Qijie Zhai, Yong Xian, and Zhaohui Sun. "The Study on Vacuum Degassing Process of AlV55 Alloy." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 659–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_84.

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Xu, Hongwei, Xusheng Wang, Ruining Lei, Xuhong Chen, and Donghong Liu. "Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Vacuum Degassing Technology on the Solventless Laminating Adhesive Performance." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1123–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3530-2_138.

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Louhenkilpi, Seppo, and Subhas Ganguly. "Modeling of Steelmaking Processes." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 369–421. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0290-6.ch013.

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In the field of experiment, theory, modeling and simulation, the most noteworthy progressions applicable to steelmaking technology have been closely linked with the emergence of more powerful computing tools, advances in needful software's and algorithms design, and to a lesser degree, with the development of emerging computing theory. These have enabled the integration of several different types of computational techniques (for example, quantum chemical, and molecular dynamics, DFT, FEM, Soft computing, statistical learning etc., to name a few) to provide high-performance simulations of steelmaking processes based on emerging computational models and theories. This chapter overviews the general steps and concepts for developing a computational process model including few exercises in the area of steel making. The various sections of the chapter aim to describe how to developed models for various issues related to steelmaking processes and to simulate a physical process starts with the process fundaments. The examples include steel converter, tank vacuum degassing, and continuous casting, etc.
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Dispinar, Derya. "Melt Quality Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-120052503.

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It is well known that the reaction of liquid aluminum with the moisture in the environment results in two products: aluminum oxide and hydrogen gas that dissolves in aluminum. Both of these products are considered to be detrimental to the properties of aluminum alloys. Therefore, test equipment has been developed to check the levels of these defects in the melt. Many of these involve expensive and consumable tools. In addition, an experienced personnel may be required to interpret the results. Nonetheless, aluminum oxide is harmless as long as it remains on the surface. The problem begins when this oxide is entrained into the liquid aluminum such as turbulence during transfer or mold filling in a non-optimized design. This can only happen by folding of the oxide. During this action, rough surface of the oxides comes in contact to form no bonds. These defects are known as bifilms that have certain characteristics. First, they act as cracks in the cast parts since they are oxides. It is important to note that aluminum oxide has thin amorphous oxide (known as young oxides) and thick crystalline oxide (γ-Al2O3) that may be formed in a casting operation. Second, almost zero force is required to open these bifilms due to the unbonded folded oxide skins. Thus, these defects can easily form porosity by unravelling during solidification shrinkage. On the other hand, the formation of porosity by hydrogen is practically impossible. Theoretically, hydrogen has high solubility in the liquid but it has significantly low solubility in solid aluminum. Thus, it is suspected that hydrogen is rejected from the solidification front to form hydrogen gas and porosity. However, the hydrogen atom has the smallest atomic radii and high diffusibility. Therefore, segregation of hydrogen in front of the growing solid is difficult. In addition, the energy required for hydrogen atoms to segregate and form hydrogen gas molecule is around 30,000 atm. Under these conditions, porosity formation by hydrogen is not likely to be achieved. Hydrogen probably stays in a supersaturated state or diffuses homogeneously through the cast part. The effect of hydrogen can only be seen when it can diffuse into the unbonded gap between the bifilms to open them up to aid the unravelling of bifilms to form porosity. This phenomenon can be easily detected by a very simple test called reduced pressure test. When a sample is solidified under vacuum, the bifilms start to open up. Since all porosity is formed by bifilms, the cross section of the sample solidified under vacuum can be analyzed by means of image analysis software. The sum of maximum length of pores can be measured as an indication of melt quality. Since bifilms are the most detrimental defects, this value is called “bifilm index” given in millimetres, which makes this test the only test that can quantify aluminum melt quality in such detail including both the effects of bifilms and hydrogen together. Several Al-Si alloys were used at various conditions: degassing with lance, ceramic diffusers, and graphite rotary has been compared. Gravity sand casting, die casting, and low-pressure die casting methods were evaluated. The effect of grain refiners and modifiers was studied. And the evolution of the bifilm index has been presented.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vacuum degassing"

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Gandin, F., H. Koblenzer, and M. Vidonis. "Pyrophoric Dust Formation During Vacuum Degassing: Uncovering the Determining Factors." In AISTech2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/377/112.

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Xie, Dongjie, Peng Wu, and Dazhuan Wu. "The Design of a Degassing Pump Based on Numerical and Experimental Research." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-34368.

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In the food industry, it is necessary to remove the gas in liquid, in order to prevent the juice from oxidation and prolong guarantee period. At present, vacuum tanks are widely used in beverage productive process to remove air. However, the vacuum tanks are usually bulky and of high energy consumption. In this study, the purposes of degassing pump design are: (1) effectively removing free gas and dissolved gas in liquid, (2) conveying the liquid, (3) more energy efficient than vacuum tank. In this process, numerical method is adopted to simulate the gas-liquid separation with eulerian multiphase model and population balance model (PBM) using the commercial code FLUENT. Structures of pulp pump and gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone separator are used for reference. The degassing pump mainly consists of inlet tube, centrifuge drum, exhaust tube, impeller, volute and outlet tube etc. The numerical simulation results show that there is a huge low pressure area in the center of the drum. Free gas and dissolved gas are separated into the low pressure region under the effect of centrifugal force and local low pressure. Bubble diameter has a great impact on the degassing effect. PBM which considers bubbles coalescence and breakup is adopted here to calculate the diameter of bubbles. The drum diameter has an extremely influence on the inlet pressure of degassing pump. The centrifuge drum is installed in front of impeller, so pre-swirl of the fluid inside impeller inlet is strong. The hydraulic performance of pump slightly declines when centrifuge drum is added in numerical calculation. The degassing pump is in manufacturing and will be tested in future.
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Hong, Bin, Shunya Lv, Qing Liu, Jing Hou, Ya Ji, Zhendong Gao, Jianye Gao, and Ju Hu. "Study on the Vacuum-Degassing Technology of the Oil-Paper Insulated Transformer." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.114.

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Koblenzer., Harald. "VACUUM TANK DEGASSING STATION WITH DRY MECHANICAL VACUUM PUMP FOR VD AND VOD TREATMENT AT KAMASTAL (PERM), RUSSIA." In 43º Seminário de Aciaria - Internacional. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-5300-20863.

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Gandin, Franco, and Harald Koblenzer. "INNOVATIVE VACUUM-TANK DEGASSING TECHNOLOGIES: WELL-ESTABLISHED METALLURGICAL PERFORMANCE FIGURES ACHIEVED BY USING DRY MECHANICAL PUMPS." In 47º Seminário de Aciaria - Internacional. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/1982-9345-27628.

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Dhillon, Navdeep S., Jim C. Cheng, and Albert P. Pisano. "Device Packaging Techniques for Implementing a Novel Thermal Flux Method for Fluid Degassing and Charging of a Planar Microscale Loop Heat Pipe." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64944.

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A novel two-port thermal flux method is implemented for degassing a microscale loop heat pipe (mLHP) and charging it with a working fluid. The mLHP is fabricated on a silicon wafer using standard MEMS micro-fabrication techniques, and capped by a Pyrex wafer, using anodic bonding. For these devices, small volumes and large capillary forces render conventional vacuum pump-based methods quite impractical. Instead, we employ thermally generated pressure gradients to purge non-condensible gases from the device, by vapor convection. Three different, high-temperature-compatible, MEMS device packaging techniques have been studied and implemented, in order to evaluate their effectiveness and reliability. The first approach uses O-rings in a mechanically sealed plastic package. The second approach uses an aluminum double compression fitting assembly for alignment, and soldering for establishing the chip-to-tube interconnects. The third approach uses a high temperature epoxy to hermetically embed the device in a machined plastic base package. Using water as the working fluid, degassing and filling experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the thermal flux method.
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Beck, Earl J. "The Prospects for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: The Ocean Thermal Gradient Hydraulic Power Plant." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40079.

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The Steam Lift Pump of the Ocean Thermal Gradient Hydraulic Plant is patterned after the well-known but apparently not well understood air lift pump, which is an effective but inefficient device for increasing the head on pumped liquid, usually water. Instead of pumping compressed air, an expensive and largely unsuitable gas into the bottom of the pump tube, a partial vacuum is applied to the Steam Lift Pump, at an absolute pressure just below the saturation pressure of the pumped liquid. Cavitation bubbles grow from nuclei formed by degassing the incoming liquid in a cavitating venturi of special design. The low density foam formed by the steam bubbles is pumped to a maximum theoretical height (head) about 4 times the sum of the pressure head of the immersion of the pump tube in the liquid and the head of water supported by the vacuum. The bubbles are broken, their steam content condensed and the resulting dense water flows through an hydraulic turbine.
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Wang, Jing, Guofang Gong, and Huayong Yang. "Research on Two Key Technologies of Improving Dynamic Quality of Hydraulic System With High Flow." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2103.

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The demand of hydraulic parallel motion system of space rendezvous and docking simulator to its hydraulic system is high flow and high performance. To achieve good motion simulation results and meet the requirements of precision control, a method of self-tuning parameters fuzzy PID control of proportional water valve opening has been employed to control oil temperature, a method of online vacuum degassing in a sealed system has been used to increase oil effective bulk modulus, and a device has been developed to measure oil bulk modulus online. Experimental research has been carried out on the hydraulic driving system of comprehensive test bed for docking mechanism. The experimental results show that precise control of oil temperature has been achieved and bulk modulus of oil has been increased obviously.
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Guangyi Sun, Janet Hur, Xin Zhao, and Chang-Jin Kim. "High yield dense array of very-high-aspect-ratio micro metal posts by photo-electrochemical etching of silicon and electroplating with vacuum degassing." In 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2010.5442497.

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