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Journal articles on the topic 'Vacuum duality'

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Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Allen, Theodore J. "Duality and the vacuum." Nuclear Physics B 395, no. 1-2 (1993): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90214-a.

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2

DADHICH, NARESH. "ON GRAVITO-ELECTROMAGNETIC DUALITY IN GENERAL RELATIVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 12 (1999): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399000808.

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In analogy with the electromagnetic theory, we resolve the Riemann curvature into electric and magnetic parts and consider the analogous duality transformation which keeps the Einstein action for vacuum invariant. It is remarkable that the duality symmetry of the action also leads to the vacuum field equation without cosmological constant. Further invariance of the vacuum equation and the action under the gravito-electric duality require gravitational constant to change sign.
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3

FARAGGI, ALON E. "SELF-DUALITY AND VACUUM SELECTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 32 (2004): 5523–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04021068.

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I propose that self-duality in quantum phase-space provides the criteria for the selection of the quantum gravity vacuum. The evidence for this assertion arises from two independent considerations. The first is the phenomenological success of the free fermionic heterotic-string models, which are constructed in the vicinity of the self-dual point under T-duality. The relation between the free fermionic models and the underlying Z2×Z2 toroidal orbifolds is discussed. Recent analysis revealed that the Z2×Z2 free fermionic orbifolds utilize an asymmetric shift in the reduction to three generations
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4

DADHICH, NARESH. "ON ELECTROGRAVITY DUALITY." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 05 (1999): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399000389.

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By resolving the gravitational field into electric and magnetic parts, we define an electrogravity duality transformation and discover an interesting property of the field. Under the duality transformation, a vacuum/flat space–time maps into the original space–time with a topological defect of global monopole/texture. The electrogravity-duality is thus a topological defect generating process. It turns out that all black hole solutions possess dual solutions that imbibe a global monopole.
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5

WITTEN, EDWARD. "STRONG COUPLING AND THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 29 (1995): 2153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395002301.

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The vanishing of the cosmological constant and the absence of a massless dilaton might be explained by a duality between a supersymmetric string vacuum in three dimensions and a nonsupersymmetric string vacuum in four dimensions.
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6

GASPERINI, M. "BIRTH OF THE UNIVERSE AS ANTITUNNELLING FROM THE STRING PERTURBATIVE VACUUM." International Journal of Modern Physics D 10, no. 01 (2001): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271801000585.

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The decay of the string perturbative vacuum, if triggered by a suitable, duality-breaking dilaton potential, can efficiently proceed via the parametric amplification of the Wheeler–De Witt wave function in superspace, and can appropriately describe the birth of our Universe as a quantum process of pair production from the vacuum.
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7

Salehi, H., and H. R. Sepangi. "Duality, time-asymmetry and the condensation of vacuum." Physics Letters A 251, no. 2 (1999): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00855-x.

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8

Ali, Ahmed Farag. "Unbreakable SU(3) Atoms of Vacuum Energy: A Solution to the Cosmological Constant Problem." Symmetry 17, no. 6 (2025): 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060888.

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Quantum field theory (QFT) and general relativity (GR) are pillars of modern physics, each supported by extensive experimental evidence. QFT operates within Lorentzian spacetime, while GR ensures local Lorentzian geometry. Despite their successes, these frameworks diverge significantly in their estimations of vacuum energy density, leading to the cosmological constant problem—a discrepancy where QFT estimates exceed observed values by 123 orders of magnitude. This paper addresses this inconsistency by tracing the cooling evolution of the universe’s gauge symmetries—from SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) at hig
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9

AHMED, M. A., and M. S. RASHEED. "QCD SUM RULE APPROACH TO THE K→VACUUM WEAK AMPLITUDE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 06 (1990): 1071–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000490.

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We study the kaon-to-vaccum weak matrix element using the method of the QCD duality finite energy sum rules. It is found that the matrix element in question can be expressed as a sum of two terms: one behaving like ms−md and the other like [Formula: see text]. Detailed numerical estimates are also given.
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10

GANGOPADHYAY, DEBASHIS, and SOUMITRA SENGUPTA. "DUALITY INVARIANCE OF COSMOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS WITH TORSION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 31 (1999): 4953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99002347.

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We show that for a string moving in a background consisting of maximally symmetric gravity, dilaton field and second rank antisymmetric tensor field, the O(d) ⊗ O(d) transformation on the vacuum solutions gives inequivalent solutions that are not maximally symmetric. We then show that the usual physical meaning of maximal symmetry can be made to remain unaltered even if torsion is present and illustrate this through two toy models by determining the torsion fields, the metric and Killing vectors. Finally we show that under the O(d) ⊗ O(d) transformation this generalized maximal symmetry can be
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11

RANA, J. M. S. "DUALITY, CONFINEMENT AND SUPERSYMMETRY IN RESTRICTED QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS (RCD)." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 18n19 (2009): 3592–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09047247.

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Electromagnetic duality has been utilized to study the isocolor charge-dyon interactions in Restricted Quantum Chromodynamics (RCD),in terms of current-current correlation (in magnetic gauge)using dielectric and permeability parameters of the associated vacuum. In the state of dyonic superconductivity, it has been shown that the dual propagators behave as 1/k4 (for small k2), which in analogy with superconductivity (dual superconductivity) leads to the confinement of colored fluxes associated with dyonic quarks vide generalized Meissner effect. Based on semi-quantitative analysis of vortex sol
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12

FRASCA, MARCO. "STRONG COUPLING EXPANSION FOR GENERAL RELATIVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 15, no. 09 (2006): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271806009091.

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Strong coupling expansion is computed for the Einstein equations in vacuum in the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) formalism. The series is given by the duality principle in perturbation theory as presented in M. Frasca, Phys. Rev. A58, 3439 (1998). An example of application is also given for a two-dimensional model of gravity expressed through the Liouville equation showing that the expansion is not trivial and consistent with the exact solution, in agreement with the general analysis. Application to the Einstein equations in vacuum in the ADM formalism shows that the space–time near singularities
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13

Maharana, Jnanadeva. "T-duality and scattering of stringy states." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 07 (2014): 1450038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500389.

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We present a procedure for application of T-duality transformation on scattering amplitudes of closed bosonic stringy states. These states arise due to compactification of closed string to lower space–time dimensions through dimensional reduction. The amplitude, in the first quantized formalism, is computed by introducing vertex operators. The amplitude is constructed by the standard prescription and the vertex operators are required to respect conformal invariance. Such vertex operators are constructed in the weak field approximation. Therefore, the vertex operators of the stringy states of o
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14

Kalita, S. "Curvature correction to vacuum fluctuations and cosmic evolution with cosmological duality." Gravitation and Cosmology 22, no. 1 (2016): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0202289316010096.

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15

Ahmed, M. A., and M. S. Rasheed. "QCD duality analysis of the kaon-to-vacuum weak matrix element." Physical Review D 40, no. 9 (1989): 3046–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.40.3046.

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16

Rana, JMS. "Duality and color confinement in restricted gauge theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 10 (2000): 795–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-027.

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Using electromagnetic duality, the isocolor charge-dyon interactions were studied in restricted quantum chromodynamics (RCD) in terms of current-current correlations in the magnetic gauge using the dielectric and permeability parameters of the associated vacuum. The resulting 1/k4 behaviour of the dual propagators is interpreted as a signature of confinement for the corresponding colored fluxes of the theory. Evaluating the vortex solutions of RCD semi-quantitatively, in accordance with Higgs-Ginzburg-Landau theory, expressions for London penetration depth, coherence length, and associated flu
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17

MENAA, M., and M. TAHIRI. "A NOTE ON TOPOLOGICAL 4-D GRAVITY AND ITS METRIC APPROACH." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 08 (2000): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300000566.

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We demonstrate that the incorporation of the anti-BRST symmetry in addition to that of the BRST in topological 4-D gravity can be used to introduce the gauge-fixing antighosts implementing the vanishing torsion and the self-duality on the curvature as topological symmetry constraints. We then establish the correspondence with the metric formulation where the topological symmetries are fixed by the Einstein equations in vacuum.
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18

Giné, Jaume. "Quantum fluctuations and the double-slit experiment." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 18 (2019): 1950139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501396.

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The double-slit experiment is a demonstration of wave-particle duality and one of the most fundamental experiments that help us understand the nature of quantum mechanics. In this work, we give a new explanation of this experiment in terms of the uncertainty principle and vacuum fluctuations. This explanation allows one to understand why the electron interferes with itself when being shot through the double-slit.
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19

Awad, Adel. "Five-Dimensional Kerr–AdS Black Holes, First Law and Counterterms." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 31 (2007): 5700–5708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07038931.

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Using counterterm subtraction technique we calculate the action and other thermodynamical quantities for the general Kerr–AdS black hole in five dimensions. We show that the resulting thermodynamical quantities do satisfy the first law of thermodynamics upon choosing the non-rotating Einstein space as a boundary. Furthermore, the vacuum energies and conformal anomalies calculated from both sides of the AdS/CFT duality match exactly. Comparing this result to previous known results, one is lead to raise the question: why some choices of the boundary metric produce quantities that do not satisfy
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20

DADHICH, NARESH, L. K. PATEL, and R. TIKEKAR. "GLOBAL MONOPOLE AS DUAL-VACUUM SOLUTION IN KALUZA–KLEIN SPACE–TIME." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 39 (1999): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399002868.

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By the application of the duality transformation, which implies interchange of active and passive electric parts of the Riemann curvature (equivalent to interchanging Ricci and Einstein tensors), it is shown that the global monopole solution in the Kaluza–Klein space–time is dual to the corresponding vacuum solution. Further we also obtain solution dual to flat space which would in general describe a massive global monopole in four-dimensional Euclidean space and would have massless limit analogous to the four-dimensional dual-flat solution.
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21

Karam, S. E. "Sakharov Curvature in Rowlands Duality Spacetime: Do vacuum ‘spacetime forces’ curve matter?" Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1051 (July 2018): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1051/1/012017.

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22

Cugnon, J. "The Casimir Effect and the Vacuum Energy: Duality in the Physical Interpretation." Few-Body Systems 53, no. 1-2 (2011): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00601-011-0250-9.

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23

GASPERINI, M., and G. VENEZIANO. "INFLATION, DEFLATION, AND FRAME-INDEPENDENCE IN STRING COSMOLOGY." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 39 (1993): 3701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393003433.

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The inflationary scenarios suggested by the duality properties of string cosmology in the Brans-Dicke (or string) frame are shown to correspond to accelerated contraction (deflation) when Weyl transformed to the Einstein frame. We point out that the basic virtues of inflation (solving the flatness and horizon problems, amplifying vacuum fluctuations, etc.) have physically equivalent counterparts in the deflationary (Einstein-frame) picture. This could be the answer to some objections recently raised to superstring cosmology.
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24

Jung, Kurt. "A Proposed Interpretation of the Wave–Particle Duality." Entropy 24, no. 11 (2022): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111535.

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Within the framework of quantum mechanics, the wave function squared describes the probability density of particles. In this article, another description of the wave function is given which embeds quantum mechanics into the traditional fields of physics, thus making new interpretations dispensable. The new concept is based on the idea that each microscopic particle with non-vanishing rest mass is accompanied by a matter wave, which is formed by adjusting the phases of the vacuum fluctuations in the vicinity of the vibrating particle. The vibrations of the particle and wave are phase-coupled. P
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25

LIPMANOV, E. M. "ν-K0 ANALOGY, DIRAC–MAJORANA NEUTRINO DUALITY AND THE NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, № 30 (2001): 4911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005675.

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The intent of this paper is to convey a new primary physical idea of a Dirac–Majorana neutrino duality in relation to the topical problem of neutrino oscillations. In view of the new atmospheric, solar and the LSND neutrino oscillation data, the Pontecorvo ν - K0 oscillation analogy is generalized to the notion of neutrino duality with substantially different physical meaning ascribed to the long-baseline and the short-baseline neutrino oscillations. At the level of CP-invariance, the suggestion of dual neutrino properties defines the symmetric two-mixing-angle form of the widely discussed fou
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26

SEIBERG, N. "THE POWER OF DUALITY — EXACT RESULTS IN 4D SUSY FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 27 (2001): 4365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005705.

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Recently the vacuum structure of a large class of four-dimensional (supersymmetric) quantum field theories was determined exactly. These theories exhibit a wide range of interesting new physical phenomena. One of the main new insights is the role of "electric–magnetic duality." In its simplest form it describes the long distance behavior of some strongly coupled, and hence complicated, "electric theories" in terms of weakly coupled "magnetic theories." This understanding sheds new light on confinement and the Higgs mechanism and uncovers new phases of four-dimensional gauge theories. We review
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27

Seiberg, N. "The Power of Duality — Exact Results in 4D SUSY Field Theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 29 (1997): 5171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002772.

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Recently the vacuum structure of a large class of four-dimensional (supersymmetric) quantum field theories was determined exactly. These theories exhibit a wide range of interesting new physical phenomena. One of the main new insights is the role of "electric–magnetic duality." In its simplest form it describes the long distance behavior of some strongly coupled, and hence complicated, "electric theories" in terms of weakly coupled "magnetic theories." This understanding sheds new light on confinement and the Higgs mechanism and uncovers new phases of four-dimensional gauge theories. We review
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28

CHENG, HAI-YANG. "STATUS OF THE $\Delta I =\frac{1}{2}$ RULE IN KAON DECAY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 03 (1989): 495–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89000261.

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The [Formula: see text] rule in K → ππ decays and its status are discussed and reviewed. First, we present the phenomenological deductions which have a firm basis, including the penguin diagram, vacuum insertion, current algebra and chiral perturbation theory. Then we proceed to discuss new conjectures and speculations e.g. 1/N expansion, W-exchange, low-energy penguin diagrams, the s - d self-energy tadpole, QCD-duality, instanton effects, etc. and to assess their roles in understanding the [Formula: see text] enigma.
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29

Agullo, Ivan, Adrian del Rio, and Jose Navarro-Salas. "Gravity and handedness of photons." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 12 (2017): 1742001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817420019.

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Vacuum fluctuations of quantum fields are altered in the presence of a strong gravitational background, with important physical consequences. We argue that a nontrivial spacetime geometry can act as an optically active medium for quantum electromagnetic radiation, in such a way that the state of polarization of radiation changes in time, even in the absence of electromagnetic sources. This is a quantum effect, and is a consequence of an anomaly related to the classical invariance under electric-magnetic duality rotations in Maxwell theory.
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30

Gaillard, Mary K. "Perspective on the weakly coupled heterotic string." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 08 (2015): 1530005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315300050.

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Since the first "string revolution" of 1984, the weakly coupled E8⊗E8 heterotic string theory has been a promising candidate for the underlying theory of the Standard Model. The particle spectrum and the issue of dilaton stabilization are reviewed. Specific models for hidden sector condensation and supersymmetry breaking are described and their phenomenological and cosmological implications are discussed. The importance of T-duality is emphasized. Theoretical challenges to finding a satisfactory vacuum, as well as constraints from LHC data are addressed.
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31

ISIDRO, JOSÉ M. "DUALITY AND THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE OF QUANTUM MECHANICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 23 (2001): 3853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005353.

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Following a suggestion by Vafa, we present a quantum-mechanical model for S duality symmetries observed in the quantum theories of fields, strings and branes. Our formalism may be understood as the topological limit of Berezin's metric quantization of the upper half-plane H, in that the metric dependence of Berezin's method has been removed. Being metric-free, our prescription makes no use of global quantum numbers. Quantum numbers arise only locally, after the choice of a local vacuum to expand around. Our approach may be regarded as a manifestly nonperturbative formulation of quantum mechani
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32

KRASŇANSKÝ, MAREK. "TWO-LOOP VACUUM DIAGRAMS IN BACKGROUND FIELD AND THE HEISENBERG–EULER EFFECTIVE ACTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 32 (2008): 5201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042572.

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We show that in arbitrary even dimensions, the two-loop scalar QED Heisenberg–Euler effective action can be reduced to simple one-loop quantities, using just algebraic manipulations, when the constant background field satisfies F2 = -f2𝟙, which in four dimensions coincides with the condition for self-duality, or definite helicity. This result relies on new recursion relations between two-loop and one-loop diagrams, with background field propagators. It also yields an explicit form of the renormalized two-loop effective action in a general constant background field in two dimensions.
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33

Sezer, Ugur, Philipp Geyer, Moritz Kriegleder, et al. "Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (February 2, 2017): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.35.

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Recent progress in synthetic chemistry and molecular quantum optics has enabled demonstrations of the quantum mechanical wave–particle duality for complex particles, with masses exceeding 10 kDa. Future experiments with even larger objects will require new optical preparation and manipulation methods that shall profit from the possibility to cleave a well-defined molecular tag from a larger parent molecule. Here we present the design and synthesis of two model compounds as well as evidence for the photoinduced beam depletion in high vacuum in one case.
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34

Dereli, Tekin, Philippe Nounahon, and Todor Popov. "Landau Levels versus Hydrogen Atom." Universe 10, no. 4 (2024): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10040172.

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The Landau problem and harmonic oscillator in the plane share a Hilbert space that carries the structure of Dirac’s remarkable so(2,3) representation. We show that the orthosymplectic algebra osp(1|4) is the spectrum generating algebra for the Landau problem and, hence, for the 2D isotropic harmonic oscillator. The 2D harmonic oscillator is in duality with the 2D quantum Coulomb–Kepler systems, with the osp(1|4) symmetry broken down to the conformal symmetry so(2,3). The even so(2,3) submodule (coined Rac) generated from the ground state of zero angular momentum is identified with the Hilbert
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35

Bernabeu, Joan, and Jose Navarro-Salas. "A Non-Local Action for Electrodynamics: Duality Symmetry and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Revisited." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (2019): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101191.

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A non-local action functional for electrodynamics depending on the electric and magnetic fields, instead of potentials, has been proposed in the literature. In this work we elaborate and improve this proposal. We also use this formalism to confront the electric-magnetic duality symmetry of the electromagnetic field and the Aharonov–Bohm effect, two subtle aspects of electrodynamics that we examine in a novel way. We show how the former can be derived from the simple harmonic oscillator character of vacuum electrodynamics, while also demonstrating how the magnetic version of the latter naturall
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36

Thuan, Vo Van. "Klein-Gordon-Fock equation from Einstein general relativity." Communications in Physics 26, no. 2 (2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/26/2/7866.

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A time-space symmetry based cylindrical model of geometrical dynamics was proposed. Accordingly, the solution of Einstein gravitational equation in vacuum has a duality: an exponential solution and a wave-like one. The former leads to a "microscopic" cosmological model with Hubble expansion. Due to interaction of a Higgs-like cosmological potential, the original time-space symmetry is spontaneously broken, inducing a strong time-like curvature and a weak space-like deviation curve. In the result, the wave-like solution leads to Klein-Gordon-Fock equation which would serve an explicit approach
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37

Mielke, Eckehard W. "Mass gap in Yang's theory of gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 10 (2015): 1550070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815500704.

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The quantization of a curvature-squared model of gravity, in the affine form proposed by Yang, is reconsidered in the path integral formulation. Due to its inherent Weyl invariance, sharing this with internal Yang–Mills fields, it or some of its topological generalizations are still a possible route to quantum gravity. Instanton type solutions with double duality properties exhibit a "vacuum degeneracy", i.e. a bifurcation into distinct classical Einsteinian backgrounds. For linearized fields, this conclusively induces a mass gap in the graviton spectrum, a feature which is an open problem in
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Louis-Marie, MOUKALA, and Nsongo Timothée. "Vacuum crystalline structures in field presence: the unified field versatility." Boson Journal of Modern Physics 3, no. 2 (2017): 245–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3969400.

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The quantum vacuum structure is essential when trying to understand its manifestations in experiments. In material sciences, its homogeneity and isotropy present cubic system properties. In this work is shown this evidence from a moving free particle relatively to the Helmholtz field definition. This represents both scalar and vector modes of a field. Its stationary states energy-location point out geometrical structures. Hence, it happens that the electromagnetic field organizes the vacuum cells as simple cubic systems; the gravitation organizes these as body-centred-cubic systems. The weak f
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39

Gasperini, Maurizio. "Quantum String Cosmology." Universe 7, no. 1 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7010014.

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We present a short review of possible applications of the Wheeler-De Witt equation to cosmological models based on the low-energy string effective action, and characterised by an initial regime of asymptotically flat, low energy, weak coupling evolution. Considering in particular a class of duality-related (but classically disconnected) background solutions, we shall discuss the possibility of quantum transitions between the phases of pre-big bang and post-big bang evolution. We will show that it is possible, in such a context, to represent the birth of our Universe as a quantum process of tun
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40

DADHICH, N., and Z. YA TURAKULOV. "GRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF A ROTATING GRAVITATIONAL DYON." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 15n17 (2002): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007508.

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We have obtained the general solution of the Einstein vacuum equation for the axially symmetric stationary metric in which both the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for particle motion and the Klein - Gordon equation are separable. It can be interpreted to describe the gravitational field of a rotating dyon, a particle endowed with both gravoelectric (mass) and gravomagnetic (NUT parameter) charges. Further, there also exists a duality relation between the two charges and the radial and the polar angle coordinates which keeps the solution invariant. The solution can however be transformed into the kno
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41

FRANZ, UWE. "CLASSICAL MARKOV PROCESSES FROM QUANTUM LÉVY PROCESSES." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 02, no. 01 (1999): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025799000060.

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We show how classical Markov processes can be obtained from quantum Lévy processes. It is shown that quantum Lévy processes are quantum Markov processes, and sufficient conditions for restrictions to subalgebras to remain quantum Markov processes are given. A classical Markov process (which has the same time-ordered moments as the quantum process in the vacuum state) exists whenever we can restrict to a commutative subalgebra without losing the quantum Markov property.8 Several examples, including the Azéma martingale, with explicit calculations are presented. In particular, the action of the
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42

RUZZI, GIUSEPPE. "ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF THE VACUUM SECTOR FOR A THEORY OF SUPERSELECTION SECTORS." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 15, no. 10 (2003): 1255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x03001874.

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As a generalization of DHR analysis, the superselection sectors are studied in the absence of the spectrum condition for the reference representation. Considering a net of local observables in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, we associate to a set of representations, that are local excitations of a reference representation fulfilling Haag duality, a symmetric tensor C*-category [Formula: see text] of bimodules of the net, with subobjects and direct sums. The existence of conjugates is studied introducing an equivalent formulation of the theory in terms of the presheaf associated with the obs
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43

Škorić, B., and A. M. M. Pruisken. "The fractional quantum Hall effect: Chern-Simons mapping, duality, Luttinger liquids and the instanton vacuum." Nuclear Physics B 559, no. 3 (1999): 637–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(99)00468-x.

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44

Chang, Donald C. "Review on the physical basis of wave–particle duality: Conceptual connection between quantum mechanics and the Maxwell theory." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 13 (2021): 2130004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921300040.

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A well-known mystery in quantum mechanics is wave–particle duality: Is an electron a point mass or a physical wave? What is the physical meaning of its wave function? About a hundred years ago, there was a famous debate between Bohr and Einstein on this topic. Their question is still open today. This paper reviews a new theoretical framework to address this problem. Here, it is hypothesized that both photons and electrons are quantized excitation waves of the vacuum, the physical properties of which can be modeled based on the Maxwell theory. Using the method of Helmholtz decomposition, one ca
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45

Conzinu, P., G. Fanizza, M. Gasperini, E. Pavone, L. Tedesco та G. Veneziano. "From the string vacuum to FLRW or de Sitter via α' corrections". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, № 12 (2023): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/12/019.

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Abstract We first make more precise a recent “Hamiltonian” reformulation of the Hohm-Zwiebach approach to the tree-level, O(d,d)-invariant string cosmology equations at all orders in the α' expansion, and recall how it allows to give a simple characterization of a large class of cosmological scenarios connecting, through a non-singular bounce, two duality-related perturbative solutions at early and late times. We then discuss the effects of adding to the action a non-perturbative, O(d,d)-breaking, dilaton potential V(ϕ). The resulting cosmological solutions, assumed to approach at early times
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46

POLLOCK, M. D. "DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION AND THE DUALITY SYMMETRY IN THE SUPERSTRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 08 (1992): 1833–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9200079x.

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The D-dimensional superstring theory is known to be invariant under the duality symmetry b ↔ α'/b, where [Formula: see text] is the constant radius of the N-dimensional internal space and α′ is the slope parameter, the (M+1)-dimensional physical space-time being flat, where D= M+N+1. It is shown, starting from the D-dimensional, vacuum Einstein theory, that this symmetry can be generalized to a curved space-time, with β(t)=–α(t) and [Formula: see text], where t is comoving time, but it will only be an isometry of the (conformally transformed) physical space if this is characterized by a single
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47

Jang, Dongmin, Yoonbai Kim, O.-Kab Kwon, and D. D. Tolla. "Exact Holography of Massive M2-brane Theories and Entanglement Entropy." EPJ Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816807002.

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We test the gauge/gravity duality between the N = 6 mass-deformed ABJM theory with Uk(N) × U-k(N) gauge symmetry and the 11-dimensional supergravity on LLM geometries with SO(4)=ℤk × SO(4)=ℤk isometry. Our analysis is based on the evaluation of vacuum expectation values of chiral primary operators from the supersymmetric vacua of mass-deformed ABJM theory and from the implementation of Kaluza-Klein (KK) holography to the LLM geometries. We focus on the chiral primary operator (CPO) with conformal dimension Δ = 1. The non-vanishing vacuum expectation value (vev) implies the breaking of conforma
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48

Hen, Bar, Xinyang Zhang, Victor Shelukhin, Aharon Kapitulnik, and Alexander Palevski. "Superconductor–insulator transition in two-dimensional indium–indium-oxide composite." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2020): e2015970118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015970118.

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The magnetic-field–tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition was studied in a hybrid system of superconducting indium islands, deposited on an indium oxide (InOx) thin film, which exhibits global superconductivity at low magnetic fields. Vacuum annealing was used to tune the conductivity of the InOx film, thereby tuning the inergrain coupling and the nature of the transition. The hybrid system exhibits a “giant” magnetoresistance above the magnetic-field–tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (H-SIT), with critical behavior similar to that of uniform InOx films but at much lower magne
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49

Kapoor, Richa, Supriya Kar, and Deobrat Singh. "Quantum effects in topological and Schwarzschild de Sitter brane: Aspects of torsion on $(D\!{\bar D})_4$-brane." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 02 (2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815500157.

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We investigate an effective torsion curvature in a second-order formalism underlying a two-form world-volume dynamics in a D5-brane. In particular, we consider the two form in presence of a background (open string) metric in a U(1) gauge theory. Interestingly the formalism may be viewed via a noncoincident pair of [Formula: see text]-brane with a global Nereu–Schwarz (NS) two form on an anti-brane and a local two form on a brane. The energy–momentum tensor is computed in the six-dimensional (6D) conformal field theory (CFT). It is shown to source a metric fluctuation on a vacuum created pair o
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Minati, Gianfranco. "The Vacuum as Imaginary Space. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Complex Numbers." PROOF 2 (December 31, 2022): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232020.2022.2.25.

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The background to the article is the classic and quantum understandings of the vacuum and the use of imaginary numbers in quantum models. The purpose of the article is to outline the possible understanding of the vacuum as imaginary space always coupled with the real space in the complex space of complex numbers. This understanding relates to the duality real-potential, collapsed–collapsible, and superimpositions of waves-phenomena as in quantum mechanics. The incomputability of the imaginary parts may represent the physical meaning of the permanent potential pending nature of the vacuum. The
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