Academic literature on the topic 'Vagina in art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vagina in art"
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Sycheva, Inna, Andrey Kaprin, and Sergey Ivanov. "The combination of late radiation injuries of the pelvic organs in a patient after chemoradiotherapy of cervical cancer II b (cT2bN0M0) and their treatment (clinical example)." Problems in oncology 68, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2022-68-1-99-105.
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A clinical case of successful conservative treatment of radiation injuries (RI) of the pelvic organs (late radiation ulcerative-necrotic epithelitis of the vagina – ulceration of the vagina, late radiation ulcerative-necrotic cystitis and late radiation hemorrhagic rectitis) after CRT cervical cancer IIB art. (cT2bN0M0) is presented. There are still no standards for the treatment of RI either in our country or abroad. After treatment, the patient is observed in our department for 5 years (every six months) without relapses and progression of the main oncological disease and exacerbations of radiation injuries. This pathology is an important object for study. In the absence of the effectiveness of conservative treatment, endoscopic or subsequent surgical intervention is indicated. Keywords: cervical cancer; chemoradiotherapy; radiation injuries; vaginal radiation epithelitis (ulceration of the vagina); radiation cystitis; radiation rectitis (radiation proctitis).
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France, Michael T., Helena Mendes-Soares, and Larry J. Forney. "Genomic Comparisons of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners Reveal Potential Ecological Drivers of Community Composition in the Vagina." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 24 (September 30, 2016): 7063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02385-16.
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ABSTRACTLactobacillus crispatusandLactobacillus inersare common inhabitants of the healthy human vagina. These two species are closely related and are thought to perform similar ecological functions in the vaginal environment. Temporal data on the vaginal microbiome have shown that nontransient instances of cooccurrence are uncommon, while transitions from anL. iners-dominated community to one dominated byL. crispatus, and vice versa, occur often. This suggests that there is substantial overlap in the fundamental niches of these species. Given this apparent niche overlap, it is unclear how they have been maintained as common inhabitants of the human vagina. In this study, we characterized and compared the genomes ofL. inersandL. crispatusto gain insight into possible mechanisms driving the maintenance of this species diversity. Our results highlight differences in the genomes of these two species that may facilitate the partitioning of their shared niche space. Many of the identified differences may impact the protective benefits provided to the host by these two species.IMPORTANCEThe microbial communities that inhabit the human vagina play a critical role in the maintenance of vaginal health through the production of lactic acid and lowering the environmental pH. This precludes the growth of nonindigenous organisms and protects against infectious disease. The two most common types of vaginal communities are dominated by eitherLactobacillus inersorLactobacillus crispatus, while some communities alternate between the two over time. We combined ecological theory with state-of-the-art genome analyses to characterize how these two species might partition their shared niche space in the vagina. We show that the genomes ofL. inersandL. crispatusdiffer in many respects, several of which may drive differences in their competitive abilities in the vagina. Our results provide insight into factors that drive the complicated temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiome and demonstrate how closely related microbial species partition shared fundamental niche space.
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Almind, GJ, E. Færch, F. Lægaard, S. Smidt-Jensen, and S. Lindenberg. "A cohort study on safety for oocyte retrieval in IVF using the same 20G needle for local analgesia and retrieval. Vaginal cleaning did not add to the safety of the procedure." Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal 12, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2021.12.00591.
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Aim of study: What is the effectiveness and safety of using a 20G single lumen needle (SLN) for both applying local analgesia (LA) in the vaginal vault and ovarian capsule and oocyte retrieval (OR) using a simple syringe? And will thoroughly cleaning (TC) of the vagina before reducing the risk of the puncture procedure? Using a thin SLN has been postulated to jeopardize cumulus oocyte complexes (COC). Further applying LA in the same needle without retracting the needle before OR has been claimed to harm oocyte development. Also, many clinics extensively clean the vagina before OR. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including 4983 women. 877 underwent no cleaning (nonTC) of the vagina and 4106 underwent TC using NaCl. All had OR with a 20G SLN attached to a syringe for local anaesthesia and egg collection. The treatments were done in one centre during the period from January 2016 to June 2019. We studied women undergoing IVF treatment aged 18–45 years. Women had either thoroughly vaginal cleaning before OR or no cleaning depending on the physicians preferences. All women had LA using Citanest Dental Octapressin 2ml. placed in the vaginal vault in the direction of the intended puncture including in the ovarian capsule. Therefore, only one puncture was needed in both sides, left and right. All punctures were hereafter followed by OR using the same 20G SLN. Aspiration was done by a 20ml syringe handled manually by the physician. All women underwent a conventional antagonist protocol with FSH stimulation and Ovitrelle 250IU for induction or Mild Stimulation using Tamoxifen, FSH and Ovitrelle. Outcome measurement were bleeding measured by the necessity of applying compression after the puncture or infection observed up to 1 month. Results: Baseline characteristics including age, BMI and type of stimulation were comparable between the groups. In the nonTC group no infections, bleedings or abscesses were found. In the TC group there were 1 abscess observed. Intact COC was similar in the two groups as well as pregnancy rates. Conclusion: During OR in ART the use of a 20G SLN using the same needle for LA and hereafter, without changing needle in the puncture channel, continue with the egg collection (EC) is simple and safe. In this situation TC is not necessary before puncture, making the procedure more patients friendly. In women undergoing oocyte retrieval for IVF, we found the use of a 20G SLN for both applying LA and retrieving COC safe, effective and simple. Additional TC of the vagina before puncture did not add more to the safety of the procedure.
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Vygivska, L. M., V. O. Beniuk, I. V. Maidannyk, I. A. Usevych, L. D. Lastovetska, Y. G. Drupp, and V. V. Kurochka. "Possibilities of vaginal biotope correction in pregnant women after application of auxiliary reproductive technologies." REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, no. 60 (September 24, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2021.60.40-45.
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Research objective: to determine the role and effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex in the correction of vaginal biocenosis disorders in the dynamics of pregnancy in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to improve the tactics of antenatal observation and prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications.Materials and methods. 299 pregnant women were examined: the main group included 249 women with pregnancy after ART, the control group consisted of 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy.Therapeutic and prophylactic measures for pregnant women after ART included: micronized progesterone, magnesium oxide, folic acid, L-arginine aspartate, ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, long-term psychological correction (on the eve of the ART program, at 8–10 weeks, 16–18 weeks and 28–30 weeks of pregnancy). The drug for antibiotic therapy for local sanitation of the genital tract was chosen taking into account the sensitivity to antibiotics of certain microbial associates and was prescribed for 7–10 days.At the second stage of sanitation of the genital tract probiotics were prescribed under the control of pH-metry to maintain the acidic environment of the vaginal contents, colonize the vagina and the vaginal part of the cervix with lactobacilli.Results. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of women with a large number of epithelial cells in the main groups, which are a sign of alterative inflammation, and this is coincides with a similar indicator in the control group. Women with moderate leukocyte count and mixed Gram-negative microflora prevailed in IB, IIB and IIIB subgroup, who received conventional therapy. There was no significant difference in IIIA and IIIB subgroups.In the vaginal biocenosis significantly increased the Lactobacillus spp. content against the background of probiotics with local and general action in ІА, ІІА and ІІІА subgroups. The average Lactobacillus spp. concentration was significantly different from the average indicators of subgroups receiving conventional therapy for vaginal sanitation, with a significant decrease in the biocenosis of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and Candida albicans, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage treatment.Conclusions. The proposed improved two-stage sanitation of the genital tract with a selective probiotic against the background of long-term progesterone and magnesium support ensures the stabilization of the vaginal pH at the physiological level corresponding to the normocenosis, and contributes to a significant increase in Lactobacillus spp. within the physiological norm with a significant decrease of Candida albicans concentration in the biotope, as well as opportunistic pathogens of aerobic and anaerobic origin. This is provides conditions for the prolongation of pregnancy in women after ART treatment cycles.
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Haiduk, Anastasiia. "Microbiotes of the vagina, cervical canal and uterine cavity in chronic endometritis." Perinatology and reproductology: from research to practice 1, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52705/2788-6190-2021-3-7.
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The objective: to determine the profile of vaginal, cervical and uterine microbiota in chronic endometritis in patients with failed ART attempts in history. Materials and method. A prospective study and clinical laboratory analysis of vaginal microbiocenosis, cervical canal and uterine cavity in women with chronic endometrite in a history on the basis of MC LLC «ISIDA - IVF», in the period from 2020 to 2021 was carried out. The group consisted of 55 women of reproductive age with chronic endometritis and repeated failed ART attempts, and 40 women of reproductive age without fertility impairment who formed the control group. Amount of research – Vaginal Secretion PH, Vaginal Microbial Estimation of Pap Smear Microscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction Study (PCR), Culture Study of Vaginal Secretions, Study of microflora of the cervical channel and bioptat of endometrium. Results. In women with infertility, against the background of chronic endometritis in history, as a result of bacterial sowing from the uterine cavity, the predominance of mixed bacterial flora, which is represented by various associations of opportunistic and pathogenic micro-organisms, has been detected. Chronic inflammatory endometry is caused by a persistent viral bacterial infection in the uterine cavity, which differs in species composition from the microflora of the lower genital tract. Conclusions. The characteristic feature of the vaginal flora in chronic endometritis is a high level of dissbiotic changes, combined with high values of the notional pathogenic flora. The microbiotopes of the cervical channel and endometrium in the inflammatory processes of endometry are characterized by the predominance of obligatory-anaerobic micro-organisms in the form of associations with viral infection much more than twice as frequently detected in endocervix as compared to endometrium.
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Pereira, Nigel, Anne P. Hutchinson, Jovana P. Lekovich, Elie Hobeika, and Rony T. Elias. "Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Gynecologic Procedures prior to and during the Utilization of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review." Journal of Pathogens 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4698314.
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The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has increased steadily. There has been a corresponding increase in the number of ART-related procedures such as hysterosalpingography (HSG), saline infusion sonography (SIS), hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer (ET). While performing these procedures, the abdomen, upper vagina, and endocervix are breached, leading to the possibility of seeding pelvic structures with microorganisms. Antibiotic prophylaxis is therefore important to prevent or treat any procedure-related infections. After careful review of the published literature, it is evident that routine antibiotic prophylaxis is generally not recommended for the majority of ART-related procedures. For transcervical procedures such as HSG, SIS, hysteroscopy, ET, and chromotubation, patients at risk for pelvic infections should be screened and treated prior to the procedure. Patients with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or dilated fallopian tubes are at high risk for postprocedural infections and should be given antibiotic prophylaxis during procedures such as HSG, SIS, or chromotubation. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended prior to oocyte retrieval in patients with a history of endometriosis, PID, ruptured appendicitis, or multiple prior pelvic surgeries.
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Rutkovskiy, A. "The current state of the art on the technique of surgery to remove the uterus through the vagina." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 6, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63314-317.
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Without going into either the history of this operation or its literature, the author of the note shares with the reader the impressions that he took from the personal direct observation of the operation in the hands of various gynecologists of our time (Reap, Second, Olshausen, Martin ' a, Leopold''a, H.H. Phenomenova, V.F.Snegirev and D.O. Ott).
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Lucia, Renata Andrea de Lucia Santana, and João Paulo Baliscei. "VAGINA DA ARTISTA - PERFORMANCE FEMINISTA EM POÉTICAS DE DUAS ARTISTAS MULHERES." POLÊM!CA 20, no. 3 (November 16, 2021): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/polemica.2020.63491.
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Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a performance enquanto prática artística que promove a resistência, a pluralidade e a diferença, discutindo como ela pode favorecer aspectos educativos. Apresenta o conceito de performance em seus aspectos históricos, antropológicos e artísticos, bem como a performance autobiográfica, que possibilita o resgate de experiências pessoais, memórias coletivas e, no recorte apontado aqui, o exercício do ativismo feminista. Aborda aspectos do movimento feminista e analisa performances de duas artistas mulheres e feministas: a artista norte-americana Carolee Schneemann e a artista brasileira Panmela Castro. Por fim, avalia o caminho evocado pela performance como viável ao estabelecimento de estratégias de resistência e sensibilização por meio da experiência artística compartilhada entre performer e espectadoras. Ademais, aponta a performance como alternativa para instigar o pensamento crítico, a liberdade e a criação de possibilidades de transformações no âmbito pessoal e coletivo, por meio de ações que abordam temáticas identitárias que refletem as lutas de movimentos sociais, como o movimento feminista, movimento negro e movimento LGBTQI+.Palavras-chave: Arte contemporânea. Performance. Performance autobiográfica. Feminismo. Mulheres artistas. Abstract: The article aims to problematize performance as an artistic practice that promotes resistance, plurality and difference, discussing how it (the performance) can favor educational aspects. This paper presents the concept of performance in its historical, anthropological and artistic aspects, as well as the autobiographical performance, which enables the recovery of personal experiences, collective memories, and, in the clipping pointed here, the exercise of feminist activism. The article also addresses aspects of the feminist movement and analyzes the performances of two women and feminist artists: US artist Carolee Schneemann and Brazilian artist Pammela Castro. Finally, it evaluates the path evoked by the performance as feasible for the establishment of resistance and sensitization strategies through the shared artistic experience between performer and spectators. In addition, the article points to performance as an alternative to instigate critical thinking, freedom, and the creation of possibilities for transformations at both the personal and collective levels, through actions that address identity themes which reflect the struggles of social movements, such as the feminist movement, the black movement, and the “LGBTQI+” movement.Keywords: Contemporary art. Performance. Autobiographical Performance. Feminism. Women Artists.
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Chumduri, Cindrilla, and Margherita Y. Turco. "Organoids of the female reproductive tract." Journal of Molecular Medicine 99, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 531–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0.
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AbstractHealthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
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Brownell, David, Stéphane Chabaud, and Stéphane Bolduc. "Tissue Engineering in Gynecology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 12319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012319.
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Female gynecological organ dysfunction can cause infertility and psychological distress, decreasing the quality of life of affected women. Incidence is constantly increasing due to growing rates of cancer and increase of childbearing age in the developed world. Current treatments are often unable to restore organ function, and occasionally are the cause of female infertility. Alternative treatment options are currently being developed in order to face the inadequacy of current practices. In this review, pathologies and current treatments of gynecological organs (ovaries, uterus, and vagina) are described. State-of-the-art of tissue engineering alternatives to common practices are evaluated with a focus on in vivo models. Tissue engineering is an ever-expanding field, integrating various domains of modern science to create sophisticated tissue substitutes in the hope of repairing or replacing dysfunctional organs using autologous cells. Its application to gynecology has the potential of restoring female fertility and sexual wellbeing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vagina in art"
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Ehne, Sandra. "Dubbeltydigheter i det kvinnliga könets gestaltning : Om Georgia O’Keeffes blomstermålningar och roll som konstnär." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5997.
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Anderson, Aaron W. ""My Vagina" and other stories." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4821/.
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This thesis includes seven short stories and a critical afterword. The afterword places the stories in their literary historical context in regards to creative nonfiction. It goes on to discuss the craft of fictionalizing autobiographical stories. Each of the stories should stand alone, though they follow the narrator's life for a number of years. Harlin Anderson is the narrator of all the stories.
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Berk, Hannah I. "The stigmatization of vaginal masturbation and its effect on sexual pleasure." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1562416438374433.
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Sundström, Emma, and Johanna Kaisäter. "“Having a vagina doesn’t stop me from believing that my balls are bigger than yours” : en kvalitativ studie om kvinnorna i TV-serien Suits." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33182.
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Historically, women have been given significantly less space than men on the TV screen andtheir roles have often been secondary to men's. The woman's role has often been a passive supporting role alongside the man's main role that drives the action forward (Greene, 2010, ss.1066–1071). This distribution of gender representation aroused the interest to study a television series from the 2010s with three female lead roles. The choice fell on the American series Suits, which takes place in New York's legal profession, an industry that, according tostatistics, is dominated by the male gender (American Bar Association, 2019). In this essay, a qualitative film analysis is performed, focusing on the three female maincharacters in Suits. The study is based on theories of representation, gender and stereotypes and takes a feminist perspective. The study also delves into Laura Mulvey's psychoanalytic perspective which is used to analyze the female representation. The purpose is to create anawareness of how fiction produces gender and how it affects masculinity and femininity. The study examines how women in a male-dominated profession are portrayed on television and how their roles are consistent with, what according to the study's theories, are considered to be female coded. The material has been analyzed focusing on mise-en-scene, cinematography and editing. The analysis is presented in four different themes based on how the women are portrayed and each theme is exemplified by a number of scenes. The analysis shows that there is an imbalance between the male and female representation. The male characters are dominant and the female usually plays a passive and submissive role.Historiskt sett har kvinnor fått betydligt mindre plats än män i tv-rutan och deras roller har ofta varit sekundära till männens. Kvinnans roll har ofta varit en passiv biroll bredvid mannens huvudroll som driver handlingen framåt (Greene, 2010, ss. 1066–1071). Denna fördelning av könens representation väckte intresset att studera en tv-serie från 2010-talet med tre kvinnliga huvudroller. Valet föll på den amerikanska serien Suits som utspelar sig i New Yorks advokatbransch, en bransch som enligt statistik domineras av det manliga könet (American Bar Association, 2019). I denna uppsats genomförs en kvalitativ filmanalys av Suits med fokus på de tre kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna. Studien bygger på teorier om representation, genus, stereotyper och intar ett feministiskt perspektiv. Undersökningen fördjupar sig även i Laura Mulveys psykoanalytiska perspektiv som den kvinnliga framställningen analyserats utifrån. Syftet är att skapa en medvetenhet om hur fiktion framställer genus och hur det påverkar vår syn påmanlighet och kvinnlighet. I studien undersöks hur kvinnor i ett mansdominerat yrkeframställs på tv och hur deras roller stämmer överens med vad som enligt studiens teorier anses vara kvinnligt kodat. Materialet har analyserats med fokus på mise-en-scene, cinematografi och redigering. Analysen presenteras i fyra olika teman baserade på hur kvinnorna framställs och varje tema exemplifieras med ett antal scener. Analysen visar att det råder obalans mellan den manliga och kvinnliga representationen. De manliga karaktärerna är dominerande och de kvinnliga intar oftast en passiv och undergiven roll.
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Lord, Helen Elizabeth. "A randomised controlled equivalence trial comparing tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with suprapubic urethral support sling (SPARC)." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0086.
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[Truncated abstract] Approximately 35% of women worldwide have stress incontinence, which is defined as involuntary leakage of urine on effort, exertion, or on sneezing and coughing. There are various surgical techniques for stress incontinence; however, minimally invasive operations are increasingly being chosen by surgeons and their patients. Of these procedures, tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) has a cure rate of approximately 90% and is now perceived as the standard technique for stress incontinence. Reported complications of TVT include arterial laceration, bladder perforation, bowel perforation, de novo urgency, dyspareunia, excessive blood loss, haematoma, nerve injuries, urethral erosion, urge incontinence, urinary tract infection, vascular injury, vaginal mesh erosion, voiding dysfunction and death. Suprapubic urethral support sling (SPARC) is a very similar minimally invasive operation and early indications suggested that the success rate for treating stress incontinence was expected to be identical or better than those obtained with the earlier TVT approach, with possibly fewer adverse perioperative events. Our trial sought to establish equivalence between TVT and SPARC in relation to short-term complications and efficacy. OBJECTIVES The primary outcome was bladder perforation. Secondary outcomes were blood loss, voiding difficulty, urgency, and cure of stress incontinence symptoms. METHOD A randomised controlled one-sided equivalence trial (RCT) was conducted in Perth, Western Australia during 2003 and 2004 by researchers in the School of Population Health, University of Western Australia (UWA) and King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH). Patients were recruited from the public Urology/Urogynaecology Clinic at the primary women's hospital and the consultant surgeons' private practices. ... However, acute urinary retention requiring a return to theatre to loosen the tape (TVT 0%, SPARC 6.5%; OR: [infinity], 95% CL: 2.2, [infinity]; p=0.002) and subjective short-term cure (TVT 87.1%, SPARC 76.5%; OR: 2.07, 95% CL: 1.13, 3.81; p=0.03) were statistically significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with clinical equivalence between TVT and SPARC in relation to the incidence of bladder perforation. No statistically significant difference was found between TVT and SPARC in blood loss, urgency or short-term objective cure of stress incontinence at the six week post-discharge visit to the surgeon. However, the tapes were more difficult to adjust correctly in SPARC procedures and a statistically significant number of patients required a return to theatre for loosening of the tape (TVT 0/147, 0% and SPARC 10/154, 6.5%, p=0.002). Compared with SPARC, TVT was statistically significantly higher for subjective short-term cure. In ii relation to vaginal mesh erosion, TVT was lower than SPARC, though not statistically significantly. Overall, voiding difficulty (loosening of the tape), urgency and vaginal mesh erosion were the most important clinical problems. This randomised controlled trial demonstrates the importance of testing new devices which appear to be similar, but which may have clinically relevant differences. A follow up study to assess the long-term efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape and suprapubic urethral support sling and associated complications is planned.
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Carserides, Constandinos Andreas. "In vitro models to measure antiretroviral drug permeability at vaginal mucosa." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/in-vitro-models-to-measure-antiretroviral-drug-permeability-at-vaginal-mucosa(b703bfcc-4af2-4ff1-b672-a47109d5fc67).html.
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This thesis describes an investigation of the permeability of three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs (that are under development as vaginal microbicides) using the human endometrial epithelial cell line, HEC-1A, as an in vitro model. Barrier properties of HEC-1A cells in transwell cultures were determined by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunofluorescent staining of tight junctions and determination of the bi-directional permeability of, the paracellular marker, mannitol. Expression of specific uptake and efflux transporters were demonstrated by western blotting and compared with human tissue. Findings indicate that HEC-1A cells provide a physiologically relevant model to investigate permeability of candidate vaginal microbicides. In contrast, the commercially available EpiVagina™ model showed sub-optimal barrier properties. Permeabilities of three ARV drugs Tenofovir (TFV), Darunavir (DRV) and Dapivirine (DPV) were investigated in the HEC-1A model. Efflux ratios of all drugs were approximately 1 indicating transporter-independent permeability across the epithelium. Apparent permeability (Papp) values for TFV were consistent with paracellular diffusion while those for DRV and DPV were indicative of transcellular diffusion. No drug-drug interactions were observed when drugs were coadministered in double combinations. To model the effects of inflammation on drug uptake, HEC-1A cultures were stimulated with a variety of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The TLR-3 ligand Poly I:C stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production by HEC-1A cells but did not affect permeability of the drugs and no effect on TEER values was evident. Permeability of DRV was also assessed using ex vivo rat and macaque cervicovaginal epithelial tissue. Consistent with findings from the HEC-1A model, DRV transfer across rat epithelium was transporter-independent although the Papp values were significantly lower. Preliminary data from macaque tissue indicate DRV may be effluxed. Development of a robust and physiologically-relevant in vitro model will contribute to development of vaginal microbicides by allowing rapid measurement of drug transporter dependency, drug-drug interactions and testing of formulations aimed at optimising tissue distribution. In this study, all of the ARVs showed transporterindependent transfer across the epithelium with no drug-drug interactions.
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Khan, Inamullah. "Aspects of the biology of the ladybird beetle Stethorus vagans (Blackburn) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031103.132342/index.html.
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Molsner, Jochen. "Effektivitäts- und Kostenanalyse verschiedener Harninkontinenzoperationsverfahren in einem Krankenhaus mittlerer Grösse im Zeitraum von 1996 bis 2004 Vergleich von Kolposuspension tension free vaginal tape (TVT), suprapubic arc sling (Sparc), transobturator subfacial hammock (Monarc) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975038486.
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Molsner, Jochen. "Effektivitäts- und Kostenanalyse verschiedener Harninkontinenzoperationsverfahren in einem Krankenhaus mittlerer Größe im Zeitraum von 1996 bis 2004 Vergleich von Kolposuspension, Tension Free Vaginal Tape (TVT TM), Suprapubic Arc Sling (Sparc TM), Transobturator Subfascial Hammock (Monarc TM) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11811179.
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Pelzer, Elise Sarah. "Microbial colonisation of human follicular fluid and adverse in vitro fertilisation outcomes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49122/1/Elise_Pelzer_Thesis.pdf.
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This study, investigating 263 women undergoing trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) found that microorganisms colonising follicular fluid contributed to adverse IVF (pre-implantation) and pregnancy (post-implantation) outcomes including poor quality embryos, failed pregnancy and early pregnancy loss (< 37 weeks gestation). Some microorganisms also showed in vitro growth patterns in liquid media that appeared to be enhanced by the hormonal stimulation protocol used for oocyte retrieval. Elaborated cytokines within follicular fluid were also associated with adverse IVF outcomes.
This study is imperative because infertility affects 16% of the human population and the numbers of couples needing assistance continues to increase. Despite significant improvements in the technical aspects of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the live birth rate has not increased proportionally. Overt genital tract infection has been associated with both infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes (including miscarriage and preterm birth) as a direct result of the infection or the host response to it. Importantly, once inflammation had become established, medical treatment often failed to prevent these significant adverse outcomes. Current evaluations of fertility focus on the ovary as a site of steroid hormone production and ovulation. However, infertility as a result of subclinical colonisation of the ovary has not been reported. Furthermore, identification of the microorganisms present in follicular fluid and the local cytokine profile may provide clinicians with an early indication of the prognosis for IVF treatment in infertile couples, thus allowing antimicrobial treatment and/or counselling about possible IVF failure. During an IVF cycle, multiple oocytes undergo maturation in vivo in response to hormonal hyperstimulation. Oocytes for in vitro insemination are collected trans-vaginally. The follicular fluid that bathes the maturing oocyte in vivo, usually is discarded as part of the IVF procedure, but provides a unique opportunity to investigate microbial causes of adverse IVF outcomes. Some previous studies have identified follicular fluid markers that predict IVF pregnancy outcomes. However, there have not been any detailed microbiological studies of follicular fluid.
For this current study, paired follicular fluid and vaginal secretion samples were collected from women undergoing IVF cycles to determine whether microorganisms in follicular fluid were associated with adverse IVF outcomes. Microorganisms in follicular fluid were regarded as either "colonisers" or "contaminants"; colonisers, if they were unique to the follicular fluid sample, and contaminants if the same microorganisms were detected in the vaginal and follicular fluid samples indicating that the follicular fluid was merely contaminated during the oocyte retrieval process. Quite unexpectedly, by these criteria, we found that follicular fluid from approximately 30% of all subjects was colonised with bacteria. Fertile and infertile women with colonised follicular fluid had decreased embryo transfer rates and decreased pregnancy rates compared to women with contaminated follicular fluids. The observation that follicular fluid was not always sterile, but contained a diverse range of microorganisms, is novel. Many of the microorganisms we detected in follicular fluid are known opportunistic pathogens that have been detected in upper genital tract infections and are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Bacteria were able to survive for at least 28 weeks in vitro, in cultures of follicular fluid. Within 10 days of establishing these in vitro cultures, several species (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp., Streptococcus spp. and Salmonella entericus) had formed biofilms. Biofilms play a major role in microbial pathogenicity and persistence. The propensity of microbial species to form biofilms in follicular fluid suggests that successful treatment of these infections with antimicrobials may be difficult.
Bifidobacterium spp. grew, in liquid media, only if concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were similar to those achieved in vivo during an IVF cycle. In contrast, the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli was inhibited or abolished by the addition of these hormones to culture medium. These data suggest that the likelihood of microorganisms colonising follicular fluid and the species of bacteria involved is influenced by the stage of the menstrual cycle and, in the case of IVF, the nature and dose of steroid hormones administered for the maturation of multiple oocytes in vivo. Our findings indicate that the elevated levels of steroid hormones during an IVF cycle may influence the microbial growth within follicular fluid, suggesting that the treatment itself will impact on the microflora present in the female upper genital tract during pre-conception and early post-conception phases of the cycle.
The effect of the host immune response on colonising bacteria and on the outcomes of IVF also was investigated. White blood cells reportedly compose between 5% and 15% of the cell population in follicular fluid. The follicular membrane is semi-permeable and cells are actively recruited as part of the normal menstrual cycle and in response to microorganisms. A previous study investigated follicular fluid cytokines from infertile women and fertile oocyte donors undergoing IVF, and concluded that there were no significant differences in the cytokine concentrations between the two groups. However, other studies have reported differences in the follicular fluid cytokine levels associated with infertile women with endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome. In this study, elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1 á, IL-1 â and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vaginal fluid were associated with successful fertilisation, which may be useful marker for successful fertilisation outcomes for women trying to conceive naturally or prior to oocyte retrieval for IVF. Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-12p40, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN ã) in follicular fluid were associated with successful embryo transfer.
Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory IL-18 and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were identified in follicular fluid from women with idiopathic infertility. Successful fertilisation and implantation is dependent on a controlled pro-inflammatory environment, involving active recruitment of pro-inflammatory mediators to the genital tract as part of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. However, ongoing pregnancy requires an enhanced anti-inflammatory environment to ensure that the maternal immune system does not reject the semi-allergenic foetus. The pro-inflammatory skew in the follicular fluid of women with idiopathic infertility, correlates with normal rates of fertilisation, embryo discard and embryo transfer, observed for this cohort, which were similar to the outcomes observed for fertile women. However, their pregnancy rate was reduced compared to fertile women. An altered local immune response in follicular fluid may provide a means of explaining infertility in this cohort, previously defined as 'idiopathic'.
This study has found that microorganisms colonising follicular fluid may have contributed to adverse IVF and pregnancy outcomes. Follicular fluid bathes the cumulus oocyte complex during the in vivo maturation process, and microorganisms in the fluid, their metabolic products or the local immune response to these microorganisms may result in damage to the oocytes, degradation of the cumulus or contamination of the IVF culture system. Previous studies that have discounted bacterial contamination of follicular fluid as a cause of adverse IVF outcomes failed to distinguish between bacteria that were introduced into the follicular fluid at the time of trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval and those that colonised the follicular fluid. Those bacteria that had colonised the fluid may have had time to form biofilms and to elicit a local immune response. Failure to draw this distinction has previously prevented consideration of bacterial colonisation of follicular fluid as a cause of adverse IVF outcomes.
Several observations arising from this study are of significance to IVF programs. Follicular fluid is not always sterile and colonisation of follicular fluid is a cause of adverse IVF and pregnancy outcomes. Hormonal stimulation associated with IVF may influence whether follicular fluid is colonised and enhance the growth of specific species of bacteria within follicular fluid. Bacteria in follicular fluid may form biofilms and literature has reported that this may influence their susceptibility to antibiotics. Monitoring the levels of selected cytokines within vaginal secretions may inform fertilisation outcomes. This study has identified novel factors contributing to adverse IVF outcomes and that are most likely to affect also natural conception outcomes. Early intervention, possibly using antimicrobial or immunological therapies may reduce the need for ART and improve reproductive health outcomes for all women.
Books on the topic "Vagina in art"
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The cookie book: Celebrating the art, power and mystery of woman's sweetest spot. Alameda, CA: Hunter House, 2011.
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Trivedi, P. K. Art traditions of the Paramaras of Vagada. Jaipur: Publication Scheme, 1995.
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Melecrinis, Anna Maria. Omaggio a Vaglia: Memorie, confraternite, immagini di un castellare fiorentino : la pieve, il borgo, l'oratorio. Firenze: L. Pugliese, 2004.
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Rees, Emma L. E. Can't: Uncovering the postmodern Vagina. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Breitenbach, Maritza. Cookie Book: Celebrating the Art, Power and Mystery of Woman's Sweetest Spot. Turner Publishing Company, 2013.
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Goel, Neerja, Shalini Rajaram, and Sumita Mehta. State-Of-the-Art: Vaginal Surgery. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2013.
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State-of-the-Art Vaginal Surgery. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10782.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Vagina in art"
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Cetin, Ferhat, and Özer Birge. "Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina." In Squamous Cell Carcinoma [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102514.
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Vaginal cancer accounts for approximately 4000 cases and over 900 deaths annually. About 1 in 100,000 women will be diagnosed with in situ or invasive vaginal cancer (typically of squamous cell histology). The mean age at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common histologic type of vaginal cancer, is approximately 60 years. However, the disease is seen occasionally in women in their 20s and 30s. Squamous carcinoma is more common as the age of the patient increases. Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. Vaginal cancer is staged in three ways, based on how far the tumor has progressed in the vagina, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. These three categories are called T (tumor), N (nodes), and M (whether it has metastasized or spread). Surgery is the most common treatment of vaginal cancer. The surgical procedures used are laser surgery (uses a laser beam as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such as a tumor); Wide local excision (takes out cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it); Vaginectomy (Surgery to remove all or part of the vagina).
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Evans, Brogan G. A., and Gregory R. D. Evans. "Rectus Abdominis Flap for Perineal and Vaginal Reconstruction." In Operative Plastic Surgery, edited by Gregory R. D. Evans, 835–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190499075.003.0081.
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Reconstruction of the vagina is usually performed in patients undergoing abdominal-perineal resection or pelvic exenteration for carcinoma of the cervix, vagina, or rectum. Vaginal reconstruction is indicated for both psychological rehabilitation and perineal wound healing. Immediate reconstruction after partial or total vaginal resection facilitates primary healing of the perineal defect, decreases fluid loss from the pelvis, reduces infection rate, prevents herniation of abdominal contents into the perineum, and decreases nutritional demands. Additionally, flap closure provides neovascularization of the remaining pelvic tissue, which is particularly important in successful wound healing for patients who have either had radiation to the area or who are having postoperative radiation therapy. Moreover, even in the sexually inactive patient, this surgery provides patients with faster healing and overall enhanced self-esteem
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Omona, Kizito. "Vaginal Delivery." In Midwifery [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96097.
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Vaginal delivery refers to the birth of offspring in mammals or babies in humans, through the vagina, also known as the “birth canal”. It is the natural method of birth for most mammals excluding those which lay eggs. For women who deliver vaginally, childbirth progresses in three stages: labor, delivery of the baby and delivery of the placenta. There are two types of vaginal delivery: Unassisted vaginal delivery and assisted vaginal delivery. In the later, this assistance can vary from use of medicines to emergency delivery procedures. The following types of vaginal delivery have been noted; (a) Spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (b) Assisted vaginal delivery (AVD), also called instrumental vaginal delivery (c) Induced vaginal delivery and (d) Normal vaginal delivery (NVD), usually used in statistics or studies to contrast with a delivery by cesarean section. Delivery of a full-term newborn occurs at a gestational age of 37–42 weeks, usually determined by the last menstrual period or ultrasonographic dating and evaluation. Nearly 80% of newborns are delivered at full term while approximately 10% of singleton pregnancies are delivered preterm and 10% of all deliveries are post-term.
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"Gynaecological cancers." In Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, edited by Mike Tadman and Dave Roberts, 399–412. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569244.003.0031.
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Introduction 400 Ovarian cancer 402 Cancer of the cervix 404 Endometrial cancer 406 Vulval and vaginal cancer 408 Nursing management issues 410 Gynaecological cancers are associated with the female reproductive organs. This includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. They account for about 15% of cancer in women and about 10% of cancer deaths....
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Jefferis, Helen, and Natalia Price. "Pelvic organ prolapse." In Urogynaecology, 57–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198829065.003.0004.
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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is where the pelvic organs (uterus/vaginal apex/bladder/bowel) herniate into or beyond the vagina from their normal anatomical position. This chapter provides both the classification and grading of pelvic organ prolapse, alongside assessment and examination of the patient. Management is split into conservative, pessaries, and surgery. Different types of surgery and their techniques are described, with indications and variants for various prolapses.
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Bratila, Petre. "Total Vaginal Hysterectomy for Unprolapsed Uterus." In Hysterectomy - Past, Present and Future [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101383.
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Vaginal hysterectomy was the first method to extract the uterus. Vaginal hysterectomy goes back a long way into the history of medicine. Although the first hysterectomy was carried out by Themison of Athens in the year 20 B.C., the idea of extracting the uterus through the vagina was first mentioned in 120 B.C. by Soranus of Ephesos, a distinguished obstetrician. The first elective vaginal hysterectomy was performed by J. Conrad Langenbeck in 1813. The patient was a 50-year-old multipara, who suffered from chronic pelvic pain attributed to a prolapsed uterus with a hard, bleeding tumor. The operation was carried out in challenging conditions, without anesthesia, proper instruments, or surgical assistants. Until the early 1950s, vaginal hysterectomy was the method of choice for removing the uterus. With the widespread introduction of general anesthesia and antibiotic therapy, the site of vaginal hysterectomy was taken over by abdominal hysterectomy. With the introduction of minimally invasive surgery in gynecology, vaginal hysterectomy has regained its place. Harry Reich performed the first total laparoscopic hysterectomy in 1989, being one of the most renowned vaginal surgeons, and he still claims at the beginning of the 21st century that ... when the first choice of approach for hysterectomy is possible, is the vaginal route. This chapter presents the relevant anatomy from the point of view of the vaginal surgeon and the standard technique used by the author in over 5,000 vaginal hysterectomies. All intraoperative drawings and photographs are original.
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Allahbadia, Gautam, Kaushal Kadam, and Goral Gandhi. "Vaginal Oocyte Retrieval." In The Art and Science of Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART), 163. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10965_23.
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Allahbadia, Gautam, Rubina Merchant, Goral Gandhi, and Akanksha Allahbadia. "Vaginal Oocyte Retrieval." In The Art and Science of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART), 187. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13109_25.
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Rajaram, Shalini, and Namita Grover. "Vaginal Oophorectomy." In State-of-the-Art: Vaginal Surgery, 402. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11818_50.
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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 10.18." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner, 512–13. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0269.
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72-year-old woman with vaginal bleeding Sagittal fat-suppressed FSE T2-weighted images (Figure 10.18.1) demonstrate an ill-defined mass in the endometrial cavity that extends into the myometrium of the uterine fundus superiorly and protrudes into the lower uterine segment. There are multiple round, T2-hypointense fibroids within the uterine body and fundus. Notice the bulky, heterogeneously enhancing mass centered in the vagina and extending anteriorly to encase the urethra and bladder base and abutting the rectum posteriorly. Axial FSE T2-weighted image through the inferior pelvis (...
Conference papers on the topic "Vagina in art"
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Feola, Andrew J., Keisha Jones, Marianna Alperin, Robbie Duerr, Pam A. Moalli, and Steven Abramowitch. "Establishing an Animal Model for the Evaluation of Vaginal Meshes." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206762.
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Roughly three million women in the United States give birth vaginally each year [1]. Clinically, the vagina undergoes pronounced adaptations up to the time of delivery, presumably to afford passage of the fetus [2]. Our group has suggested that if these adaptations are not sufficient or if fetus size is too large, an injury to the vagina or its supportive tissues will likely result. Vaginal injury at the time of delivery occurs quite frequently and research examining the levator ani muscle, the major muscular component of the pelvic floor, revealed injury in up to 20% of women who have given birth vaginally [3]. Therefore, vaginal birth is considered one of the greatest risk factors for pelvic floor disorders (i.e. urinary dysfunction and pelvic organ prolapse) later in life.
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Feola, Andrew, Marianna Alperin, Pamela Moalli, and Steven Abramowitch. "Characterizing the Maternal Adaptations of Pregnancy and Recovery Following Vaginal Delivery in the Rodent Model." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19224.
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Pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence are common conditions in women that significantly diminish quality of life. Vaginal delivery and maternal birth injury are the number one risk factors for the development of pelvic floor disorders. The goal of this study was to characterize maternal adaptations throughout pregnancy and recovery after vaginal delivery in terms of the passive quasi-static mechanical properties of the vagina using a rodent model. Virgin (n = 8), mid-pregnant (n = 7, day 15–16), late-pregnant (n = 7, day 20–21), immediate postpartum (n = 8, <2 hours post delivery), and 4 week postpartum (n = 6) Long-Evans female rats were utilized in this study. The mechanical properties (tangent modulus, tensile strength, ultimate strain, and strain energy density) were quantified by testing longitudinal sections of vaginal tissue to failure. The tangent modulus of virgin animals (25.1±5.1 MPa) was significantly higher compared to mid-pregnant (11.7±7.7 MPa, p = 0.003), late-pregnant (7.9±4.0 MPa, p<0.001), and immediate postpartum (8.5±4.7 MPa, p = 0.001) animals. A similar trend was also observed in the tensile strength, whereas the ultimate strain increased throughout pregnancy until the time of vaginal delivery. Recovery was observed four weeks postpartum as no significant difference was found from virgin animals for any of the parameters. This study has shown a significant decrease in the tangent modulus and tensile strength along with an increase in the ultimate strain of longitudinal sections of vaginal tissue throughout pregnancy. These maternal adaptations are likely to increase the overall distensibility of the vagina and allow for vagina delivery with minimal injury. This process appears to be effective in the rodent model as the properties recovered to virgin levels by 4 weeks. In the future, we hope to alter these adaptations or exceed them in order to study the risk and impact of birth injury in this model.
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Meena, J., A. Parthasarathy, R. Vatsa, N. Singh, S. Kumar, K. K. Roy, and S. Singhal. "Radical excision of a massive vulvo-vaginal mass." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685391.
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Background: Vulvo-vaginal masses has a varied presentation and causes. The most common differential diagnosis are condylomata acuminata, vulvular abscess, vulvular/vaginal cysts, vulval carcinoma, vulval lipoma, angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Surgical excision of the mass is the main method of treatment and the outcome differs with the histological diagnosis. We present a video of excision of a massive Vulvo vaginal mass in toto. Case: A 45 year old P3 L3 female, presented with complaint of mass in perineal area and discharge per vaginum for 2 years. The mass was growing progressively and reached the present size. On examination there was a 9 × 8 cm irregular firm to cystic mass, arising from posterior wall of vagina and protruding out of introitus with bossellated surface. The mass also extended into right ischiorectal fossa, 10 × 10 cm mass with cystic, smooth surface that was irreducible with no cough impulse. CECT abdomen and pelvis revealed a well-defined 12 × 10 × 8 cm mass in right perineum arising from right lower lateral vaginal wall with ischiorectal fossa extension. There was no extension into cervix, bladder or rectum. Biopsy taken from the mass was inconclusive. A wide local excision was done under general anesthesia wherein an ischiorectal and vaginal mass of size 30 × 10 cm with irregular margin was excised in toto. Histopathology was suggestive of aggressive angiomyxoma. The patient is under follow up. Discussion: Aggressive Angiomyxoma is a rare slow growing locally invasive mesenchymal tumor and has a substantial potential for recurrence. It is often misdiagnosed. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult due to rarity of this entity and absence of diagnostic features, but it should be considered in case of masses in genital, perianal and pelvic region in a woman of reproductive age. Radical surgical excision is the first line of management. A long term follow up of the case is necessary and MRI is preferred method for detecting recurrences.
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Meena, J., A. Parthasarathy, R. Vatsa, N. Singh, S. Kumar, K. K. Roy, and S. Singhal. "Radical excision of a massive vulvo-vaginal mass." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685394.
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Background: Vulvo-vaginal masses has a varied presentation and causes. The most common differential diagnosis are Condylomata acuminata, Vulvular abscess, Vulvular/vaginal cysts, Vulval carcinoma, Vulval lipoma, Angiomyofibroblastoma and Aggressive Angiomyxoma. Surgical excision of the mass is the main method of treatment and the outcome differs with the histological diagnosis. We present a video of excision of a massiveVulvo vaginal mass in toto. Case: A 45 year old P3 L3female, presented with complaint of mass in perineal area & discharge per vaginum for 2 years. The mass was growing progressively and reached the present size. On examination there was a 9 X 8 cm irregular firm to cystic mass, arising from posterior wall of vagina and protruding out of introitus with bossellated surface. The mass also extended into right ischiorectal fossa, 10 X 10 cm mass with cystic, smooth surface that was irreducible with no cough impulse. CECT abdomen and pelvis revealed a well-defined 12 X 10 X 8 cm mass in right perineum arising from right lower lateral vaginal wall with ischiorectal fossa extension. There was no extension into cervix, bladder or rectum. Biopsy taken from the mass was inconclusive. A wide local excision was done under general anesthesia wherein an ischiorectal and vaginal mass of size 30 X 10 cm with irregular margin was excised in toto. Histopathology was suggestive of Aggressive Angiomyxoma. The patient is under follow up. Discussion: Aggressive Angiomyxoma is a rare slow growing locally invasive mesenchymal tumor and has a substantial potential for recurrence. It is often misdiagnosed. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult due to rarity of this entity and absence of diagnostic features, but it should be considered in case of masses in genital, perianal and pelvic region in a woman of reproductive age. Radical surgical excision is the first line of management. A long term follow up of the case is necessary and MRI is preferred method for detecting recurrences.
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Meena, J., A. Parthasarathy, R. Vatsa, N. Singh, S. Kumar, K. K. Roy, and S. Singhal. "Radical excision of a massive vulvo: Vaginal mass." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685374.
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Background: Vulvo-vaginal masses has a varied presentation and causes. The most common differential diagnosis are Condylomata acuminata, Vulvular abscess, Vulvular/vaginal cysts, Vulval carcinoma, Vulval lipoma, Angiomyofibroblastoma and Aggressive Angiomyxoma. Surgical excision of the mass is the main method of treatment and the outcome differs with the histological diagnosis. We present a video of excision of a massive Vulvo vaginal mass in toto. Case: A 45 year old P3 L3 female, presented with complaint of mass in perineal area & discharge per vaginum for 2 years. The mass was growing progressively and reached the present size. On examination there was a 9 X 8 cm irregular firm to cystic mass, arising from posterior wall of vagina and protruding out of introitus with bossellated surface. The mass also extended into right ischiorectal fossa, 10 X 10 cm mass with cystic, smooth surface that was irreducible with no cough impulse. CECT abdomen and pelvis revealed a well-defined 12 X 10 X 8 cm mass in right perineum arising from right lower lateral vaginal wall with ischiorectal fossa extension. There was no extension into cervix, bladder or rectum. Biopsy taken from the mass was inconclusive. A wide local excision was done under general anesthesia wherein an ischiorectal and vaginal mass of size 30 X 10 cm with irregular margin was excised in toto. Histopathology was suggestive of Aggressive Angiomyxoma. The patient is under follow up. Discussion: Aggressive Angiomyxoma is a rare slow growing locally invasive mesenchymal tumor and has a substantial potential for recurrence. It is often misdiagnosed. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult due to rarity of this entity and absence of diagnostic features, but it should be considered in case of masses in genital, perianal and pelvic region in a woman of reproductive age. Radical surgical excision is the first line of management. A long term follow up of the case is necessary and MRI is preferred method for detecting recurrences.
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Koneru, Sahitya, Silky Jain, Shalini Mishra, Sandeep Jain, and Gauri Kapoor. "Pediatric vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of 2 cases." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685381.
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Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) arising in the female genital tract is rare accounting for 3.5% of all RMS cases. Approximately half these occur in the vagina, a site that has been associated with a favorable prognosis. Optimal loco-regional treatment for patients with vaginal RMS remains controversial since wide local excision is mutilating and often not done. Two cases of vaginal RMS are reported who underwent chemotherapy and local control with brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective chart review was done between 2011 and 2015. During this interval, out of 31 cases of pediatric RMS managed at our institution, 2 had vaginal RMS. Their management and outcome is detailed below. Results - Case Materials: Two patients, both aged 2 years at the time of diagnosis, presented with grape-like mass protruding from vaginal orifice and bleeding for 1-2 months. Characteristic MRI features were of a heterogeneously enhancing polypoidal soft tissue mass filling vaginal lumen and protruding out of introitus confirming Botryoidal RMS. Biopsy and histopathology was suggestive of embryonal RMS (IHC positive for desmin, myogenin and focally for myo-D1). Tumor in both the patients was staged as Stage1 Group 3 (low risk). They were started on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as per IRS-? Protocol with 3 weekly cycles of vincristine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide for 33 weeks. They had near complete regression of tumor and received brachytherapy for residual thickening of the vaginal wall. They have been followed up for 24 months and 57 months respectively from presentation, and are disease free. They are on close surveillance with periodic examination under anesthesia and imaging. One patient developed post radiation vaginal synechiae requiring vaginal dilatation. Conclusion: In patients with non-resected vaginal RMS, good outcome can be achieved by the use of brachytherapy for local control.
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Jallah, Zegbeh C., Pamela Moalli, Andrew Feola, William Barone, Stacy Palcsey, Naoki Yoshimura, and Steven D. Abramowitch. "The Impact of Mesh Implantation on Vaginal Smooth Muscle Innervation and Contraction." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14008.
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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the descent of the pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. This disorder is associated with decreased quality of life, and even depression, yet 50% of women over the age of fifty are living with POP. The cost associated with the repair of POP exceeds one billion dollars annually, in the United States alone. This rather exorbitant figure includes the cost of surgery performed for symptom management, but does not include strategies which address the underlying cause of the disorder for which there are none. Because failure rates of native tissue repairs are as high as 30%, vaginal mesh is increasingly used in the surgical repair of POP. The procedure aims to reinforce the fibromuscular layer of the vagina and the paravaginal attachments, thus providing structural integrity to the weakened native tissues. However, the use of mesh is limited by mesh-related complications including exposure, erosion, pain contraction and infection.
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Jarrett, Olamide, Sujatha Srinivasan, Barbra Richardson, Tina Fiedler, Jacqui Wallis, John Kinuthia, Walter Jaoko, Kishor Mandaliya, David Fredricks, and R. Scott Mcclelland. "O04.1 Specific vaginal bacteria are associated with incidenttrichomonas vaginalisinfection in women." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.18.
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Schuett, M., B. Greene, M. Kalff-Suske, U. Wagner, and V. Ziller. "Lutealphasensubstitution in der ART – vaginale Progesteronsubstitution versus subkutane Applikation in der täglich klinischen Anwendung." In 62. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – DGGG'18. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671284.
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Smith, Avery, and Ada-Rhodes Short. "Dimensional Data on Vulva Vaginal Anatomy: Medical Device Design Barrier." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9025.
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Abstract An accurate understanding of anatomy allows designers and scientists to create medical devices that work well for their market. However, reliable descriptions of vulva vaginal dimensions are not currently available for reference. This literature review attempts to survey the existing data collected on vulva vaginal dimensions and report the findings. We located scholarly journal articles and cross-sectional studies via academic databases and online search engines. To pinpoint the data that would be helpful in dimensional analysis of vulva vaginal measurements, key search terms included: “vulva dimensions”, “vulva measurements”, “vaginal dimensions”, “vaginal measurements”, “labia dimensions”, “labia measurements”, “clitoral dimensions”, “clitoral measurements”, and “vulva cross-sectional study”.
Reports on the topic "Vagina in art"
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Charatsi, Dimitra, Polyxeni Vanakara, Michail Nikolaou, Aikaterini Evaggelopoulou, Dimitrios Korfias, Foteini Simopoulou, Nikolaos Charalampakis, et al. Vaginal Dilator Use to Promote Sexual Wellbeing After Radiotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Observational Study. Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01.sup.
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Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life. Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.
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Li, Yanhui. Efficacy of non-invasive photodynamic therapy for female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection: a comprehensive meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0092.
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Review question / Objective: The critical point of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the curative effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in diseases of female lower reproductive tract associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Condition being studied: Traditional clinical recommendations for treating diseases of the female lower reproductive tract include topical therapy with drugs, surgery, intravaginal radiation, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, etc. Although medication is easy to administer, it has a high recurrence rate and adverse effects such as burning sensation, pain, and dyspareunia. The other traditional treatment method is usually invasive, repeated operation of vaginal perforation, scar, easy recurrence, fertility decline, and other shortcomings. At present, the treatment strategy for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesion, condyloma acuminatum, and vulvar lichen sclerosis are to protect the normal organ structure and function as much as possible, reduce recurrence, prevent disease progression and carcinogenesis, and preserve female reproductive function.
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Verdam, Mathilde, Jae-Yung Kwon, Lara Russel, Véronique Sébille, Mirjam Sprangers, and Rick Sawatzky. The impact of response shift on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): A systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0024.
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Review question / Objective: Are the serum levels of estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), gonadotropins (FSH, LH), or other hormones altered after intravaginal application of estriol for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Condition being studied: The aim of this review is to study whether the vaginal application of estriol has any effects on the serum levels of different sex hormones, mainly estriol, estradiol, and FSH, as those have been previously used as proxies for the safety of similar estrogenic products. Study designs to be included: Included: RCTs, controlled studies, head-to-head comparisons, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quasi-experimental studies (intervention/no control).
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Kolokythas, Argyrios, Petra Stute, Cornelia Betschart Meier, Dorothea Wunder, and Heidrun Janka. Effect of intravaginal administration of estriol on the serum levels of different estrogens, gonadotropins, and other hormones in postmenopausal women: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: Are the serum levels of estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), gonadotropins (FSH, LH), or other hormones altered after intravaginal application of estriol for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Condition being studied: The aim of this review is to study whether the vaginal application of estriol has any effects on the serum levels of different sex hormones, mainly estriol, estradiol, and FSH, as those have been previously used as proxies for the safety of similar estrogenic products. Study designs to be included: Included: RCTs, controlled studies, head-to-head comparisons, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quasi-experimental studies (intervention/no control).
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McDonagh, Marian, Andrea C. Skelly, Amy Hermesch, Ellen Tilden, Erika D. Brodt, Tracy Dana, Shaun Ramirez, et al. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer238.
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Objectives. To assess the comparative effectiveness and potential harms of cervical ripening in the outpatient setting (vs. inpatient, vs. other outpatient intervention) and of fetal surveillance when a prostaglandin is used for cervical ripening. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to July 2020; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of cervical ripening comparing prostaglandins and mechanical methods in outpatient versus inpatient settings; one outpatient method versus another (including placebo or expectant management); and different methods/protocols for fetal surveillance in cervical ripening using prostaglandins. When data from similar study designs, populations, and outcomes were available, random effects using profile likelihood meta-analyses were conducted. Inconsistency (using I2) and small sample size bias (publication bias, if ≥10 studies) were assessed. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed. All review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods guidance. Results. We included 30 RCTs and 10 cohort studies (73% fair quality) involving 9,618 women. The evidence is most applicable to women aged 25 to 30 years with singleton, vertex presentation and low-risk pregnancies. No studies on fetal surveillance were found. The frequency of cesarean delivery (2 RCTs, 4 cohort studies) or suspected neonatal sepsis (2 RCTs) was not significantly different using outpatient versus inpatient dinoprostone for cervical ripening (SOE: low). In comparisons of outpatient versus inpatient single-balloon catheters (3 RCTs, 2 cohort studies), differences between groups on cesarean delivery, birth trauma (e.g., cephalohematoma), and uterine infection were small and not statistically significant (SOE: low), and while shoulder dystocia occurred less frequently in the outpatient group (1 RCT; 3% vs. 11%), the difference was not statistically significant (SOE: low). In comparing outpatient catheters and inpatient dinoprostone (1 double-balloon and 1 single-balloon RCT), the difference between groups for both cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage was small and not statistically significant (SOE: low). Evidence on other outcomes in these comparisons and for misoprostol, double-balloon catheters, and hygroscopic dilators was insufficient to draw conclusions. In head to head comparisons in the outpatient setting, the frequency of cesarean delivery was not significantly different between 2.5 mg and 5 mg dinoprostone gel, or latex and silicone single-balloon catheters (1 RCT each, SOE: low). Differences between prostaglandins and placebo for cervical ripening were small and not significantly different for cesarean delivery (12 RCTs), shoulder dystocia (3 RCTs), or uterine infection (7 RCTs) (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin, route of administration, study quality, or gestational age. Small, nonsignificant differences in the frequency of cesarean delivery (6 RCTs) and uterine infection (3 RCTs) were also found between dinoprostone and either membrane sweeping or expectant management (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin or study quality. Evidence on other comparisons (e.g., single-balloon catheter vs. dinoprostone) or other outcomes was insufficient. For all comparisons, there was insufficient evidence on other important outcomes such as perinatal mortality and time from admission to vaginal birth. Limitations of the evidence include the quantity, quality, and sample sizes of trials for specific interventions, particularly rare harm outcomes. Conclusions. In women with low-risk pregnancies, the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal, neonatal, or maternal harms using either dinoprostone or single-balloon catheters was not significantly different for cervical ripening in the outpatient versus inpatient setting, and similar when compared with placebo, expectant management, or membrane sweeping in the outpatient setting. This evidence is low strength, and future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Zimbabwe: RTI screening methods for women are not cost-effective. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1012.
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Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are common in Zimbabwe. Many RTIs increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In 1998, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) conducted an operations research study to assess the feasibility of adding RTI diagnosis and treatment to its menu of services. The study population consisted of 1,634 clients at three ZNFPC clinics. Each client was asked about lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and other RTI symptoms; examined for clinical signs of RTIs; and given laboratory tests to confirm the accuracy of diagnosis based upon symptoms and signs. Findings detailed in this brief were that existing methods for screening RTIs among family planning clients are not cost-effective, laboratory tests are too costly, and syndromic case management often leads to missed infections and unnecessary treatment. Health programs should continue to emphasize preventive measures—changing individual behavior and promoting condom use.
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Burkina Faso and Mali: Female genital cutting harms women's health. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1019.
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In collaboration with the Ministries of Health (MOH) of Burkina Faso and Mali, the Population Council conducted two studies in 1998 to describe the occurrence and severity of health problems related to female genital cutting (FGC). Study participants were consenting women who received a pelvic exam during prenatal, family planning (FP), obstetric, or gynecological consultations at MOH clinics. Providers were trained to observe the types and complications of FGC. To assess their potential role as change agents, providers in Mali also received training on the health effects of FGC and client counseling. In Burkina Faso, health providers recorded information on 1,920 women at 21 health centers in the rural provinces of Bazega and Zoundweogo. In Mali’s Bamako district and Segou region, providers recorded information on 5,390 women in 14 urban and rural health centers. As noted in this brief, women in Burkina Faso and Mali who have had their genitals cut are more likely to have gynecological and obstetrical problems, including bleeding, internal scarring, vaginal narrowing, and childbirth complications. More severe cutting increases a woman’s risk of other reproductive health problems.