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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vagina'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Sjöberg, Inga. "The vagina : morphological, functional and ecological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100564.

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The vagina is one organ of the body which has not been studied exhaustively. Moreover, most of the studies found in the contemporary literature have been performed on women affected by a variety of genital diseases. In the present study the vaginal epithelium was examined with a histological method, morphometry, whereby cyclical changes related to hormonal variation during the menstrual cycle were demonstrated. Determination of the quantity of estrogen receptors in the vaginal epithelium on two occasions during the menstrual cycle revealed a significantly greater number in the follicular than in the luteal phase. The results of these studies indicate the presence of a menstrual variation in the vaginal epithelium comparable to that in the endometrium. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (pcV) was used as a marker substance to study the dynamics of the transport mechanisms into the vagina. PcV was found to accumulate in the vaginal fluid and high concentrations persisted for a long period of time. In hysterectomized women, the appearance of pcV in the vaginal fluid followed the same pattern. Consequently, the substance is transported through the vaginal wall and need not enter with the secretions from the internal genitalia. The greatest concentration of pcV was in the distal portion of the vagina, possibly due to the specific internal circulation of fluid within the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis as an example of an ‘ecological disease’ has been studied with regard to the formation of endotoxin, a constituent of the cell wall of Gram- negative bacteria. Large amounts of endotoxin were found and the clinical implication of this finding has been pointed out. Furthermore, the influence of pcV on the vaginal microbial flora of healthy women has been investigated. A change from a situation with predominance of lactobacilli to the appearance of Gram-negative rods was observed. In one of the women the lactobacilli disappeared completely and were replaced by E. coliand high levels of endotoxin in the vaginal fluid were found. This study demonstrates the complexity of the ecological balance of the vaginal microbial flora and illustrates the difficulty of defining a ‘normal’ vaginal condition. Is there any unquestionable state of ‘normality’ even in a healthy woman free from symptoms of genital disease?<br><p>S. 1-22: sammanfattning, s. 25-64: 6 uppsatser</p><br>digitalisering@umu
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2

Braun, Virginia. "The vagina : an analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7539.

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The vagina is frequently represented in talk, texts, and imagery, giving us a range of sociocultural meanings, but at the same time, is still taboo - a word that is difficult to say, and a topic that is hard to talk about. My research aims to demarcate and explore the meanings given to the vagina in western culture, and to examine women's accounts of their personal meanings and experiences in relation to these socio-cultural representations. Taking a feminist social constructionist approach, I move beyond the notion of a natural, pre-social body to a conceptual isation of bodies deeply embedded in the socio-cultural, and assume that socio-cultural representations form resources from which women understand and talk about our bodies. The research draws on three different data sources: genital definitions in medical and English language dictionaries, genital slang terms collected through questionnaires, and talk-data from 16 group and four individual interviews with women and one group interview with men. The analytic chapters are divided into two parts. In Part One, I present my analysis of socio-cultural representations, first providing an overview of themes found across a range of socio-cultural representation, and then focusing on two particular texts: dictionary definitions and genital slang. I use content analytic techniques to explore the ideological assumptions in dictionary definitions of women's and, comparatively, men's genitals, and to identify the semantic categories in genital slang. In Part Two, I analyse women's talk about the vagina, exploring the intersections between the socio-cultural and women's accounts of their own experience. In particular, I focus on talk about vaginal size, and talk about gendered identity. In my conclusion, I discuss the importance of such research for challenging, and changing, the way the vagina is constructed, and for women's sexual and reproductive health.
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Ramírez, Pino Ana. "Copuchas de la vagina." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/153184.

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Memoria para optar al título de Diseñadora Gráfica<br>Copuchas de la vagina es un proyecto editorial independiente de carácter experimental que consta de una colección de 3 fanzines, que promueven el autocuidado de la salud sexual femenina por medio de métodos alternativos, contenidos en los saberes populares y ancestrales. El proyecto nace por medio de un levantamiento de información, estudio de campo e investigación sobre cómo se relaciona la mujer con su educación sexual, dentro del contexto nacional. A partir de esto se define el perfil de la usuaria para observar y testear los fanzines, medio que más se acopla a ellas en cuanto a formato, información, interés y adquisición. De esta forma el fanzine preserva el contenido para que sea traspasado de generación en generación, sin perder conocimientos de salud alternativa que se han omitido en la educación sexual femenina.
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4

Delmanto, Armando [UNESP]. "Efeito do raloxifeno no epitélio vaginal de mulheres na pós-menopausa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93099.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 delmanto_a_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 1594635 bytes, checksum: 59b8850497a3a71e0f5ae2ec36c4ccb0 (MD5)<br>Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico e Hospitalar (Famesp)<br>Analisar o efeito do raloxifeno sobre o epitélio vaginal de mulheres pós-menopausa. Métodos: Estudaram-se prospectivamente entre novembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2006, 80 mulheres na pós-menopausa. Quarenta pacientes receberam 6Omg/dia de raloxifeno (GR) e 40 mulheres compuseram o grupo não tratado (grupo controle, GC), pareado por idade e tempo de menopausa. O grupo tratado foi composto por pacientes com osteoporose de coluna lombar e/ou colo do fêmur. Foram excluídos aquelas com sinais e/ou sintomas de infecção do trato genital inferior e usuárias de terapia hormonal (TH) até seis meses prévios ao estudo. Os esfregaços vaginais foram coletados em dois momentos: inicial (MO) e após seis meses de seguimento (Ml). Para avaliação do epitélio vaginal foi utilizado o valor de maturação, com a contagem de células superficias, intermediárias e parabasais. Os esfregaços foram analisados por único citopatologista, sem conhecimento dos dados das pacientes. Para análise estatística empregou- se o teste t de Student, teste Wilcoxon Mann-Witney e o teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Na comparação estatística inicial os grupos foram homogêneos. Comparando os momentos inicial e final, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente sígnífícativas nos valores medianos de maturação do epitélio vaginal e na porcentagem de células superficiais, intermediárias e parabasais entre os grupos. Não foi constatada correlação linear significativa entre o valor de maturação e a idade, o tempo de menopausa, o uso ou não de TH prévia, tabagismo e o índice de massa corpórea, em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O tratamento com raloxifeno por seis meses não alterou o valor de maturação do epitélio vaginal em mulheres na pós-menopausa.<br>To analyze the effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women. Methods: Eighty postmenopausal women were studied prospectively between November of 2004 and February of 2006. Forty patients received 6omglday of raloxifene (GR), and 40 women comprised the non-treated group (control group, CG), paired by age and time of menopause. The treated group was composed of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar column and / or femur. Those with signs and / or symptoms of infection of the inferior genital tract and users of hormonal therapies (HT) up to six months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at two moments: initial (MO) and after six months of follow-up (Ml). To evaluate the vaginal epithelium, the maturation value was determined, along with counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist, without knowledge of patient data. For statistical analysis Student's t test, Wilcoxon Mann Witney test and Chi-Squared test were employed. Results: In the initial statistical comparison the groups were homogeneous. Comparing the initial and final moments, no statistically significant differences were observed in median values of vaginal epithelial maturation or in percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups. There was no significant linear correlation between value of vaginal epithelial maturation and age, time of menopause, use or not of previous HT, smoking or body mass index, in both groups. Conclusion: Treatment with raloxifene for six months did not alter the maturation value of vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women.
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5

Lee, Yick-Kwong Chris. "A follow-up study of "atypical cells" in gynecologic cytology : the impact of the Bethesda System 2001 /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34865652.

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6

Delmanto, Armando. "Efeito do raloxifeno no epitélio vaginal de mulheres na pós-menopausa /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93099.

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Resumo: Analisar o efeito do raloxifeno sobre o epitélio vaginal de mulheres pós-menopausa. Métodos: Estudaram-se prospectivamente entre novembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2006, 80 mulheres na pós-menopausa. Quarenta pacientes receberam 6Omg/dia de raloxifeno (GR) e 40 mulheres compuseram o grupo não tratado (grupo controle, GC), pareado por idade e tempo de menopausa. O grupo tratado foi composto por pacientes com osteoporose de coluna lombar e/ou colo do fêmur. Foram excluídos aquelas com sinais e/ou sintomas de infecção do trato genital inferior e usuárias de terapia hormonal (TH) até seis meses prévios ao estudo. Os esfregaços vaginais foram coletados em dois momentos: inicial (MO) e após seis meses de seguimento (Ml). Para avaliação do epitélio vaginal foi utilizado o valor de maturação, com a contagem de células superficias, intermediárias e parabasais. Os esfregaços foram analisados por único citopatologista, sem conhecimento dos dados das pacientes. Para análise estatística empregou- se o teste t de Student, teste Wilcoxon Mann-Witney e o teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Na comparação estatística inicial os grupos foram homogêneos. Comparando os momentos inicial e final, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente sígnífícativas nos valores medianos de maturação do epitélio vaginal e na porcentagem de células superficiais, intermediárias e parabasais entre os grupos. Não foi constatada correlação linear significativa entre o valor de maturação e a idade, o tempo de menopausa, o uso ou não de TH prévia, tabagismo e o índice de massa corpórea, em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O tratamento com raloxifeno por seis meses não alterou o valor de maturação do epitélio vaginal em mulheres na pós-menopausa.<br>Abstract: To analyze the effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women. Methods: Eighty postmenopausal women were studied prospectively between November of 2004 and February of 2006. Forty patients received 6omglday of raloxifene (GR), and 40 women comprised the non-treated group (control group, CG), paired by age and time of menopause. The treated group was composed of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar column and / or femur. Those with signs and / or symptoms of infection of the inferior genital tract and users of hormonal therapies (HT) up to six months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at two moments: initial (MO) and after six months of follow-up (Ml). To evaluate the vaginal epithelium, the maturation value was determined, along with counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist, without knowledge of patient data. For statistical analysis Student's t test, Wilcoxon Mann Witney test and Chi-Squared test were employed. Results: In the initial statistical comparison the groups were homogeneous. Comparing the initial and final moments, no statistically significant differences were observed in median values of vaginal epithelial maturation or in percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups. There was no significant linear correlation between value of vaginal epithelial maturation and age, time of menopause, use or not of previous HT, smoking or body mass index, in both groups. Conclusion: Treatment with raloxifene for six months did not alter the maturation value of vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women.<br>Orientador: Jorge Nahás Neto<br>Coorientador: Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahás<br>Banca: Paulo Traiman<br>Banca: Lúcia Simões Costa-Paiva<br>Mestre
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7

Anderson, Aaron W. ""My Vagina" and other stories." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4821/.

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This thesis includes seven short stories and a critical afterword. The afterword places the stories in their literary historical context in regards to creative nonfiction. It goes on to discuss the craft of fictionalizing autobiographical stories. Each of the stories should stand alone, though they follow the narrator's life for a number of years. Harlin Anderson is the narrator of all the stories.
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8

Buchberger, Andrea. "Infektionen an Vulva, Vagina und Zervix." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-98380.

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9

Fernandes, Tatiane Rosa 1981. "Influencia do uso tópico do estrogênio ou testosterona ou acido poliacrilico sobre a funçao sexual em mulheres na pós menopausa = ensaio clinico controlado e aleatorizado = Eficcacy of vaginally applied estrogen, testosterone, polyacrylic acid on sexual function in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trail." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313671.

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Orientador: Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_T._M.pdf: 2208281 bytes, checksum: 1ec9008b41578db5b1f708c5dcb2480b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Introdução: A atrofia vaginal é uma condição crônica frequente em mulheres na pós-menopausa que acarreta alterações em sua sexualidade e consequentemente em sua qualidade de vida. Recentes estudos avaliam novas alternativas de tratamento para essa ascendente queixa da população feminina. Entretanto, atualmente dispomos de poucas opções terapêuticas adequadamente avaliadas. Objetivo: Comparar a função sexual feminina após o uso tópico de estrogênio, testosterona e ácido poliacrílico com o uso de lubrificante vaginal. Métodos: Ensaio clinico randomizado com 80 mulheres na pós-menopausa, entre 40 e 70 anos, em seguimento no Ambulatório de Menopausa do CAISM Unicamp. As mulheres foram randomizadas para o tratamento tópico via vaginal com estrogênio, testosterona, ácido poliacrílico e lubrificante, três vezes na semana, por um período de 12 semanas, entre novembro de 2011 a janeiro 2013. Utilizou-se o Índice de Função Sexual Feminina para avaliar as mudanças da resposta sexual no início e após 6 e 12 semanas. Resultados: O ácido poliacrílico e a testosterona tópica, em comparação com o lubrificante após 12 semanas de tratamento, apresentaram aumento nos domínios: desejo sexual, lubrificação, satisfação, dor na relação sexual e escore total. O tratamento com o estrogênio tópico em comparação com o lubrificante apresentou melhora no domínio desejo. A análise intragrupo ao longo do tempo de tratamento evidenciou melhora nos domínios desejo, lubrificação, dor para as mulheres que utilizaram ácido poliacrílico, testosterona e estrogênio. Além disso, as mulheres que utilizaram testosterona apresentaram melhora ao longo do tempo nos domínios excitação, orgasmo e satisfação. Conclusão: O tratamento por 12 semanas- em mulheres na pós-menopausa com sintomas de atrofia vaginal - realizado com ácido poliacrílico, testosterona e estrogênio demonstrou melhora na função sexual feminina. quando comparado ao uso de lubrificante vaginal<br>Abstract: Introduction. Female libido is multifactorial and complex. Declining estrogen levels in postmenopausal women affects vaginal function. Aim. To evaluate female sexual function after using topical estrogen, testosterone or polyacrylic acid as vaginal lubricants with K-Y jelly as a placebo lubricant. Methods. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 80 postmenopausal women between 40 and 70 years of age with follow-up at the Menopause Clinic of the CAISM / Unicamp. The women were randomized to treatment with topical vaginal estrogen, testosterone, polyacrylic acid or oil lubricant alone, three times a week for a period of 12 weeks from November 2011 to January 2013. Main Outcome Measures. We used the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess changes in sexual response at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment, polyacrylic acid and topical testosterone produced improvements in the FSFI domains of sexual desire, lubrication, satisfaction, reduced pain during intercourse and total score compared with lubricant alone. Treatment with topical estrogen in comparison with lubricant alone showed an improvement in the FSFI field of desire. The intragroup analysis over the time of the treatment showed improvements in the fields of desire, lubrication, and reduced pain for polyacrylic acid, testosterone and estrogen. Furthermore, women who used testosterone showed improvements over time in the fields of arousal, orgasm and satisfaction. Conclusions. Treatment of postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy with polyacrylic acid, testosterone and estrogen for 12 weeks produced improvements in self-reported female sexual function when compared with a lubricant<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiopatologia Ginecológica<br>Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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Jakobsson, Tell. "Lactobacillus iners and the normal vaginal flora." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11334.

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11

Briel, Christian von. "Strahlennebenwirkungen der Vagina nach Brachytherapie mit hoher Dosisrate /." [S.l : s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Xavier, Júnior José Cândido Caldeira [UNESP]. "Risco estimado das lesões precursoras do colo do útero nos exames citológicos em função do tipo de lesão, intervalo entre os controles e da idade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142980.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T18:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-08-12T18:50:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865266.pdf: 2803905 bytes, checksum: 8b210e35895c7a340ae000f9b3b39336 (MD5)<br>INTRODUÇAO: A utilização do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal para rastreamento do carcinoma do colo do útero diminuiu a incidência e mortalidade desse carcinoma e não há dúvidas que a identificação de lesões precursoras é importante nos cuidados com a saúde da mulher. Há poucos estudos sobre a associação do resultado de citologia cérvico-vaginal alterado em mulheres gestantes e mulheres com sangramento genital brasileiras. Além disso, ainda permanece controverso se as gestantes deveriam ser submetidas ao exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal como rotina do pré-natal e se a citologia cérvico-vaignal pode ser utilizada como método único de exclusão de neoplasia do colo do útero para as mulheres com informação clínica de sangramento genital. OBJETIVOS: Estudar os fatores associados ao resultado do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal alterado para mulheres gestantes e não-gestantes (idade, idade de início da atividade sexual, intervalo entre exames); e para mulheres com informação clínica de sangramento genital. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional analítico que avaliou os resultados dos exames de citologia cérvico-vaginal encaminhados ao laboratório de Citopatologia Dr José Aristodemos Pinotti do Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas durante o período de Janeiro de 2000 a Dezembro de 2009 (10 anos) oriundos de mais de 70 municípios da região de Campinas, São Paulo - Brasil. O resultado do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal foi reportado de acordo com o Sistema Bethesda. A partir dos formulários próprios da Instituição foram extraídos dados clínicos, citopatológicos e sociodemográficos necessários para a realização do presente estudo. RESULTADOS: Controlada a idade, idade de início da atividade sexual e intervalo entre exames não há diferença quanto a prevalência de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau entre mulheres gestantes e...
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Xavier, Júnior José Cândido Caldeira. "Risco estimado das lesões precursoras do colo do útero nos exames citológicos em função do tipo de lesão, intervalo entre os controles e da idade /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142980.

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Orientador: Rozany Mucha Dufloth<br>Coorientador: Luiz Carlos Zeferino<br>Banca: Cesar Cabello dos Santos<br>Banca: Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain<br>Banca: Gilberto Uemura<br>Banca: Maria Luiza Cotrim Sartor de Oliveira<br>Resumo: INTRODUÇAO: A utilização do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal para rastreamento do carcinoma do colo do útero diminuiu a incidência e mortalidade desse carcinoma e não há dúvidas que a identificação de lesões precursoras é importante nos cuidados com a saúde da mulher. Há poucos estudos sobre a associação do resultado de citologia cérvico-vaginal alterado em mulheres gestantes e mulheres com sangramento genital brasileiras. Além disso, ainda permanece controverso se as gestantes deveriam ser submetidas ao exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal como rotina do pré-natal e se a citologia cérvico-vaignal pode ser utilizada como método único de exclusão de neoplasia do colo do útero para as mulheres com informação clínica de sangramento genital. OBJETIVOS: Estudar os fatores associados ao resultado do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal alterado para mulheres gestantes e não-gestantes (idade, idade de início da atividade sexual, intervalo entre exames); e para mulheres com informação clínica de sangramento genital. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional analítico que avaliou os resultados dos exames de citologia cérvico-vaginal encaminhados ao laboratório de Citopatologia Dr José Aristodemos Pinotti do Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas durante o período de Janeiro de 2000 a Dezembro de 2009 (10 anos) oriundos de mais de 70 municípios da região de Campinas, São Paulo - Brasil. O resultado do exame de citologia cérvico-vaginal foi reportado de acordo com o Sistema Bethesda. A partir dos formulários próprios da Instituição foram extraídos dados clínicos, citopatológicos e sociodemográficos necessários para a realização do presente estudo. RESULTADOS: Controlada a idade, idade de início da atividade sexual e intervalo entre exames não há diferença quanto a prevalência de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau entre mulheres gestantes e...<br>Abstract: Not available<br>Doutor
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Febrônio, Marília Vieira. "Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória associada com atividade da doença no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5145/tde-18042007-144902/.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a citologia cérvico-vaginal em adolescentes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e comparar com controles. Material e métodos: Cinqüenta e duas adolescentes com LESJ (critérios do American College of Rheumatology) foram comparadas com 52 controles saudáveis. Todos os esfregaços de Papanicolaou foram avaliados por uma mesma citopatologista, que desconhecia o exame ginecológico, e foram classificados de acordo com o Sistema de Bethesda, 2001. Resultados: As médias das idades das pacientes com LESJ e controles foram similares (16,17 ± 1,94 versus 16,13 ± 2,16 anos, p=0,92). A citologia cérvico-vaginal foi similar em ambos os grupos, embora as relações sexuais no último mês tenham sido menos freqüentes nas pacientes com LESJ em relação aos controles (23% versus 59,6%, p=0,0003). Apenas uma paciente (2%) com LESJ e duas controles (4%) tinham displasia cervical (LIE-BG) e papilomavírus humano (HPV) (p=1,0). Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória foi observada em 21 (60%) das pacientes com SLEDAI maior ou igual a 4 e em apenas 4 (23%) daqueles com SLEDAI < 4 (p=0,001). Assim como, uma maior freqüência de achados inflamatórios também foi observada em adolescentes virgens com LESJ (57% versus 8%, p=0,005). Vaginite por Candida spp foi observada em 7 pacientes com LESJ (14%) e em nenhuma dos controles (p=0,012), e foi associada com uso de drogas imunossupressoras (p=0,01) e dose alta de prednisona (p=0,002). Conclusão: Nossos achados indicam que o trato genital feminino é um órgão alvo no LESJ, pois inflamação cérvico-vaginal está associada com atividade da doença independentemente da atividade sexual.<br>Objective: To evaluate cervicovaginal cytology in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to compare them to controls. Material and methods: Fifty-two female adolescents with JSLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria) were compared to 52 age-matched healthy controls. All Pap smears were evaluated by the same cytopathologist blinded to gynecology examination, and performed according to the Bethesda Classification System 2001. Results: The mean age of JSLE patients and controls were similar (16.17 ± 1.94 vs. 16.13 ± 2.16 years, p=0.92). The cervicovaginal cytology was found to be similar in both groups, although sexual intercourses in the last month were less frequent in JSLE than controls (23% vs. 59.6%, p=0.0003). Only one patient (2%) with JSLE versus two controls (4%) had cervical dysplasia (LGSIL) and human papilomavirus (p=1.0). Inflammatory cervicovaginal cytology was observed in 21 (60%) of patients with SLEDAI ? 4 and only 4(23%) of those with SLEDAI<4 (p=0.001). Likewise, a higher frequency of inflammatory changes were also observed in virgin JSLE (57% vs. 8%, p=0.005). Candida spp vaginitis was observed in 7 JSLE (14%) versus none in controls (p=0.012) and was associated to immunosuppressive drugs (p=0.01) and high dose of prednisone (p=0.002). Conclusion: Our findings supports the notion that female genital tract is a target organ in SLE since cervical inflammation is associated to disease activity independently of sexual activity.
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Lee, Yick-Kwong Chris, and 李亦剛. "A follow-up study of "atypical cells" in gynecologic cytology: the impact of the Bethesda System 2001." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010286.

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16

Araujo, Estela Rose. "Distribuição espacial de transcritos no trato reprodutivo e sua relação com o ambiente endócrino periovulatório no início do diestro de bovinos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-10112014-154946/.

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Em bovinos , as flutuações nas concentrações de estradiol (E2) e progesterona ( P4) que ocorrem em torno do estro modulam a expressão gênica do endométrio, a composição histotrofo, o desenvolvimento do concepto e assim afetam o resultado da prenhez. Durante o ciclo estral, ações endócrinas bem orquestradas afetam o endométrio bovino (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). No presente trabalho, a hipótese sustentada é que alterações endócrinas associadas ao crescimento e ovulação de folículos de diferentes tamanhos modulam a distribuição espacial das transcrições no trato reprodutivo de vacas da raça Nelore. O crescimento folicular de vacas Nelore multíparas e não lactantes foi farmacologicamente manipulado a fim de gerar grupos com folículos pré-ovulatórios e subsequente corpo lúteo (ou seja, diferentes ambientes endócrinos periovulatórios) grande (FG CLG; n = 6) ou pequeno (FP CLP, n = 6). Os animais foram abatidos, sete dias após a indução da ovulação e fragmentos das regiões anterior, média e posterior de ambos os cornos uterinos e da vagina foram coletados para a avaliação de expressão gênica por PCR quantitativo. A expressão gênica foi normalizada utilizando os genes referência ciclofilina A e beta actina, como indicado pelo software GeNorm. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o procedimento PROC MIXED do SAS (versão 9.2; Instituto SAS) em dois modelos independentes. O primeiro modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo (FG CLG e FP CLP), lado do corno uterino (ipsolateral ou contralateral ao ovário contendo o CL) e sua interação, o segundo modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo, região (anterior, médio e posterior) do corno ipsolateral e suas interações. Vacas do grupo FP CLP apresentou maiores folículos pré-ovulatórios e concentrações de E2 durante proestro e maiores CL e níveis de P4 no diestro inicial, quando comparados com os do grupo FP CLP. Animais do grupo FP CLP apresentaram uma maior abundância de transcritos que codificam o receptor de E2 (ESR2; 130%), a aldo-ceto redutase família 1, membro C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), a lipoproteína lipase (LPL; 116%), o carreador de soluto família 2, membro 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) e inibidor da peptidase da serina, subtipo A, membro 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Por outro lado, a expressão de genes que codificam o receptor de P4 e receptor de oxitocina foi regulada positivamente no tecido endometrial do grupo FP CLP (36 % e 966 %, respectivamente). Além disso, a abundância da transcrição desse genes foi maior no corno contralateral ao CL. Além disso, a região anterior do corno uterino ipsolateral apresentou aumentada expressão de PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 e SERPINA14 em comparação com a região posterior. Com exceção da OXTR que apresentou interação grupo e lado, não houve interações grupo por lado ou região. Não houve efeito de grupo sobre a expressão de qualquer um dos genes na vagina. Em conclusão, o presente estudo mostrou que o padrão de expressão de genes específicos em resposta variou quanto a grupo e entre as regiões do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas bovinas. No entanto, os distintos ambientes endócrino periovulatórios não afetaram a distribuição regional de transcritos.<br>In cattle, fluctuations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations that occur around estrus modulate endometrial gene expression, histotroph composition, conceptus development and, thereby affect pregnancy outcome. During the estrous cycle, well-orchestrated endocrine actions affect the bovine endometrium (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). In the present work, we hypothesized that endocrine changes associated with growth and ovulation of follicles of different sizes modulate the spatial distribution of transcripts in the reproductive tract of Nellore cows. The follicular growth of multiparous non-lactating Nelore cows was pharmacologically manipulated in order to generate groups with large (LF LCL; n=6) or small (SF SCL; n=6) preovulatory follicles and subsequent corpus luteum (i.e., different periovulatory endocrine milieus). Cows were slaughtered seven days after the induction of ovulation and fragments from the anterior, middle and posterior regions from both uterine horns and the vagina were collected. Gene expression assessment was performed by quantitative PCR. Gene expression was normalized using cyclophilin A and actin, beta as reference genes, as indicated by the GeNorm software. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (Version 9.2; SAS Institute) in two independent models. The first model included the effects of group (LF LCL and SF SCL), side of the uterine horn (ipsilateral or contralateral to the ovary containing the CL) and interaction and the second model included the effects of group, region of the ipsilateral horn (anterior, middle and posterior) and interaction. Cows in the LF LCL group presented larger preovulatory follicles and E2 concentrations during proestrus and larger CL and P4 levels during early diestrus when compared to animals from SF SCL group. Animals in the LF LCL group had a greater abundance of transcripts coding the estrogen receptor (ESR2; 130%), aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL; 116%), solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Conversely, the expression of genes coding the progesterone receptor and oxytocin receptor was upregulated in the SFSCL endometrial tissue (36% and 966% respectively). Furthermore, transcript abundance of the later genes was observed in the contralateral horn. In addition, the anterior region of the ipsilateral horn showed increased expression of PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 and SERPINA14 compared to the posterior region. Except for a group by side interaction for the expression of OXTR, there were no group by region or group by side interactions. There was no effect of group on the expression of any of the genes in the vagina. In conclusion, our study showed that the expression pattern of specific genes varied in response to group and among regions of the female reproductive tract. However, distinct endocrine periovulatory milieus did no affect regional distribution of transcripts.
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Fonseca, Tatiane Ribeiro da. "DETECÇÃO E GENOTIPAGEM DE HPV EM CARCINOMAS DE VULVA E DE VAGINA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2386.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Ribeiro da Fonseca.pdf: 3044117 bytes, checksum: d604b5b291d33d0e053ad75336e7a264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-26<br>This study evaluated the sociodemographic and clinicopathological aspects of patients with cancer of the vulva and the vagina diagnosed in Araújo Jorge Hospital, Goiânia - GO as well as the prevalence of HPV and HPV16 and 18 genotypes in these tumors. The sample consisted of paraffin embedded samples from 57 patients with primary invasive vulvar cancer and 20 patients with primary invasive cancer of the vagina. The HPV detection was made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with SPF (short PCR fragment) 1-2 primers and the HPV 16 and 18 genotyping was performed with primers designed to detect these two genotypes. The results were analyzed by Fisher s exact test. The prevalence of HPV in vulvar cancer samples was 89%. The HPV16 genotype was detected in 42% of positive cases and HPV18 in 24%. The HPV prevalence in vaginal cancer samples was 90%. Among these, 56% were infections by HPV16 and HPV18 by 18%. Over 70% of patients with vulvar and vaginal cancer and positive for HPV detection were over 50 years. Statistical analyzes of the data showed significance of smoking for cancer of the vulva (p = 0.0110). A relationship between lymph node metastasis and cancer of the vulva was also observed (p = 0.0304). A better prognosis for patients with vaginal cancer HPV positive was found (p = 0.0158). A relationship between the degree of tumor differentiation and the presence of HPV in patients with cancer of the vulva was suggested (p = 0.0541). Based on the results presented, it is estimated that the HPV vaccine could have prevented 58% of cases of vulvar cancer and 65% of cases of vaginal cancer of the sample investigated.<br>O presente estudo avaliou os aspectos sociodemográficos e clinicopatológicos de pacientes com câncer de vulva e vagina diagnosticadas no Hospital Araújo Jorge, Goiânia-GO, bem como a prevalência do HPV e dos genótipos do HPV16 e 18 nesses tumores. A casuística consistiu de amostras parafinizadas de 57 pacientes com câncer invasor primário de vulva e 20 pacientes com câncer invasor primário de vagina. A detecção do HPV foi feita por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com oligonucleotídeos iniciadores SPF (do inglês short PCR fragment) 1-2 e a genotipagem do HPV16 e 18 foi realizada com oligonucleotídeos iniciadores projetados para a detecção desses dois genótipos. Os resultados foram analisados por Teste Exato de Fisher. A prevalência do HPV nas amostras de câncer de vulva foi de 89%. O genótipo HPV16 foi detectado em 42% dos casos positivos e o HPV18 em 24%. A prevalência do HPV nas amostras de câncer de vagina foi de 90%. Dentre estas, 56% eram infecções pelo HPV16 e 18% pelo HPV18. Mais de 70% das pacientes com câncer de vulva e de vagina positivas para a detecção do HPV tinham mais de 50 anos. As análises estatísticas dos dados demonstraram significância do tabagismo para o câncer de vulva (p=0,0110). Uma relação entre metástase linfonodal e câncer de vulva também foi observada (p=0,0304). Um melhor prognóstico para pacientes com câncer de vagina HPV positivas foi constatado (p= 0,0158). Uma relação entre o grau de diferenciação tumoral e a presença do HPV em pacientes com câncer de vulva foi sugerida (p= 0,0541). Com base nos resultados apresentados, estima-se que a vacina contra o HPV poderia ter prevenido 58% dos casos de câncer de vulva e 65% dos casos de câncer de vagina da casuística investigada.
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Lara, Lucia Alves da Silva. "Influência do estrogênio na histomorfometria da parede vaginal: repercussões na função sexual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-27092013-105629/.

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Introdução: O hipoestrogenismo causa alteração estrutural na vaginal que pode levar a alterações na resposta sexual. Tem sido reportado o afinamento da parede vaginal após a menopausa, porém, sem comprovação morfométrica. Objetivos: Verificar a espessura da parede vaginal em condições normo e hipoestrogenicas, correlacionar disfunção sexual com espessura da parede, expressão do receptor estrogênico e estradiol sérico. Métodos: Espécimes cirúrgicos da vagina de31 mulheres, sendo 18 normoestrogênicas e 13 na pós-menopausa, submetidas a colpoperineoplastia por prolapso genital I e II. Aferidos: FSH e estradiol, prolactina e TSH. Realizou-se: tricrômico de Masson e HE, histomorfometria, imunohistoquímica para receptores estrogênicos ?, semi-quantificados pelo H-score, função sexual aferida pelo GRISS. Resultados: A parede vaginal é mais espessa no grupo menopausa em relação ao grupo menacme (2,72±0,72mm e 2,16±0,43, p=0,01 e 2,63±0,71mm e 2,07±0,49mm, p=0,01). A espessura e a fração de área da camadamuscular são maiores no grupo menopausa (parede anterior:1,54±0,44 e 1,09±0,3mm, p=0,02 e posterior 1,45±0,47 e 1,07±0,44mm, p=0,03 e 0,51±0,10 e 0,42±0,11mm 2 , p=0,03 e 0,40±0,10 e 0,49±0,08 mm 2 , p=0,02). O epitélio vaginal do segmentoproximal é mais espesso do que o segmento médio na parede posterior (0,17±0,07mm, 0,15±0,05mm, 0,24±0,09mm, p=0,02). Não houve correlação entre dor coital, espessura daparede e concentrações do estradiol nos dois grupos. Conclusão: A parede vaginal é mais espessa após a menopausa. Neste estudo, não ocorreu associação entre disfunção sexual genital concentrações estrogênicas e espessura da parede vaginal.<br>Hipoestrogenism causes structuralalteration on vaginal wall that can cause sexual problems. It has been reported vaginal wall thickness after menopause, however, without morphometric evidence. Objectives: To verify vaginal wall thickness in normal and hypoestrogenic conditions and to correlate sexual dysfunction with vaginal wall thickness, estrogen receptor expression and estradiol levels. Methods: Vagina surgical specimens of 18 pre and 13 post-menopausal women, submitted to surgery for genital prolapse I and II were examined. It had been surveyed: FSH and estradiol, prolactina and TSH to exclude other endocrinopatias. Masson´s tricrômico for morphometry and HE staining for histological analyses, and immunohistochemical staining for estrogen alpha receptor, quantified by H-score and the sexual function was accessed by GRISS. Results: Vaginal wall is thicker inthe post-menopausal group in relation to pre menopausal group (2,72±0,72mm e 2,16±0,43, p=0,01 e 2,63±0,71mm and 2,07±0, 49mm, p=0,01 anteriorand posterior wall, respectively). The fraction area and muscular layer thickness are bigger in the post-menopausal group (anterior: 1,54±0,44 and 1,09±0,3mm, p=0,02 and posterior wall 1,45±0,47 and 1,07±0,44mm, p=0,03 and 0,51±0,10 and 0,42±0,11mm2, p=0,03 and 0,40±0,10 and 0,49±0,08 mm2, p=0,02, respectively). Vaginal epithelium in the medium segment is thicker than the proximal one in the posterior wall (0,17±0,07mm, 0,15±0,05mm, 0,24±0,09mm, p=0,02). There is no correlation between coital pain, vaginal wall thickness and estradiol levels in the two groups. Conclusion:Vaginal wall is thicker after menopause. In this study, vaginal thickness and estrogen levels are not related to sexual dysfunction.
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19

Huntington, Alyssa Joan. "Anisotropy of Passive and Active Rat Vagina under Biaxial Loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95910.

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Pelvic organ prolapse, the decent of the pelvic organs from their normal anatomical position, is a common condition among women that is associated with mechanical alterations of the vaginal wall. In order to characterize the complex mechanical behavior of the vagina, we performed planar biaxial tests of vaginal specimens in both the passive (relaxed) and active (contracted) states. Specimens were isolated from virgin, female Long-Evans rats (n=16) and simultaneously stretched along the longitudinal direction (LD) and circumferential direction (CD) of the vagina. Tissue contraction was induced by electric field stimulation (EFS) at incrementally increasing values of stretch and, subsequently, by KCl. On average, the vagina was stiffer in the CD than in the LD (p<0.001). The mean maximum EFS-induced active stress was significantly higher in the CD than in the LD (p<0.001). On the contrary, the mean KCl-induced active stress was lower in the CD than in the LD (p<0.01). When comparing the mean maximum EFS-induced active stress to the mean KCl-induced active stress, no differences were found in the CD (p=0.404) but, in the LD, the mean active stress was much higher in response to the KCl stimulation (p<0.001). Collectively, these results demonstrate that the anisotropic behavior of the vaginal tissue is determined not only by the collagen and smooth muscle fiber organization but also by the innervation. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of more effective treatments for pelvic organ prolapse.<br>MS
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Doria, Raquel Ferreira Ferraz do Lago. "Seguimento de usuarias de dispositivo intra-uterino com e sem vaginose bacteriana." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313252.

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Orientadores: Jose Antonio Simões, Luis Guillermo Bahamondes<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T17:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doria_RaquelFerreiraFerrazdoLago_M.pdf: 1889089 bytes, checksum: 1dd9fd40e55ccf4cafa28a2b88903b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência da vaginose bacteriana e outras infecções cervicovaginais em novas usuárias de dispositivo intra-uterino. Foram incluídas no estudo 223 mulheres que solicitaram e inseriram um DIU T com cobre como método contraceptivo. Após a inserção foram agendadas duas visitas para estas mulheres: ao primeiro e sexto mês pós-inserção, quando foram entrevistadas e submetidas a exame pélvico, coletadas amostras da vagina e endocérvix para avaliar a presença ou não de infecção. O critério de Nugent foi utilizado para o diagnóstico de vaginose bacteriana. Para os demais diagnósticos foram utilizados: exame a fresco para Trichomonas vaginalis e Candida albicans; imunofluorescência direta para Chlamydia trachomatis e cultura específica para Neisseria gonorrhoeae. As mulheres também foram avaliadas quanto à presença de complicações relacionadas à inserção e ao uso do dispositivo intra-uterino (sangramento exacerbado, dismenorréia, expulsão, doença inflamatória pélvica). A prevalência de infecções cervicovaginais foi de 29,1%, sendo a vaginose bacteriana a mais freqüente (19,7%). A dismenorréia foi mais freqüente em mulheres com vaginose bacteriana do que nas mulheres sem (p=0,03). Em conclusão, a vaginose bacteriana, após um mês de inserção do dispositivo intra-uterino, não foi significativamente associada às suas complicações, com exceção da dismenorréia<br>Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other cervicovaginal infections among new users of intrauterine device (IUD). A total of 223 women who had inserted a TCu-380A IUD as a contraceptive method were included in the study. After the insertion all participants were scheduled for 2 additional visits: after the first and sixth month post insertion, when they were interviewed and had a pelvic examination performed and collected specimens from the vagina and the endocervix for laboratory testing. The Nugent's criteria was used for the BV diagnosis. The others diagnosis were made as follow¿s: a wet mount in order to identify Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans; fluorescent¿labeled monoclonal antibody method for Chlamydia trachomatis and culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. They were also evaluated with regard to complications possibly related to IUD insertion and use (abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, expulsion, and pelvic inflammatory disease). The prevalence of cervicovaginal infections was 29.1%, with BV being the most frequent (19.7%). The dysmenorrhea was more frequent among women with BV than among those without BV (p=0.03). In conclusion, BV after one month of IUD insertion was not associated to IUD complications, with the exception of dysmenorrhea<br>Mestrado<br>Tocoginecologia<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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21

Peterfeso, Jill Marie Tweed Thomas A. "Giving faithful testimony theatrical performance, Mormon women's sexuality, and the Vagina Monologues /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1776.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Master in the Department of Religious Studies." Discipline: Religious Studies; Department/School: Religious Studies.
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22

Wen, Li. "Immune responses to vaginal viral infection in a mouse model." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27666.

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Viral infection in the female reproductive tract is a global health problem, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, immune protection of the female reproductive tract against virus infection is poorly understood. The aim of the study described in this thesis was to investigate the immune responses to vaginal West Nile virus (WNV) infection in an experimental mouse model, in an attempt to characterize the immune mechanisms involved in protecting the host against viral infection in the female genital tract. WNV is a neurotropic flavivirus which can infect both humans and animals, and which belongs to a virus family causing serious disease throughout the world. The mouse model of genital tract infection with WNV is not representative of the human situation; nevertheless, such models may be an appropriate tool to identify virus antigen components which may be effective in eliciting protective immunity at the genital mucosal surface. The progesterone-dominated mouse model is mainly used in the experiments of the present study. This model impairs the vaginal epithelial barrier, increasing the susceptibility of adult mice to vaginal virus infection. Virus-infected cells were detected in the vaginal epithelium of BALB/c mice from day 2 to day 7 after infection by immunoperoxidase labelling of WNV protein. A series of immune responses were evoked following vaginal WNV infection. Specific anti-WNV IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in vaginal washing by ELISA, associated with an increasing lgM and IgG containing cell infiltration, and a significant B220+ B cell infiltration in the vaginal mucosa. A correlated accumulation of B220+ B cells in the iliac lymph nodes (ILN) was detected by flow cytometry. B cells presented a major cell population infiltrating in the vagina and proliferation in the ILN indicates that humoral immunity plays an important role against vaginal WNV infection. Locally produced IgG is the major antibody contributing to anti-WNV responses to infection in the vagina. The role of cellular immunity to protect animal against vaginal WNV infection was also examined in this study. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules in the vaginal mucosa was upregulated after infection, which suggests the possibility that interferon-y (IFN-y) participates in the immune response, since MHC-11 expression is increased by IFN-Y· The infiltration of CD4 helper T cells (Th cells) and CD8 (cytotoxic lymphocytes [CTL]) in the vagina were also significant increased after infection. These responses were coincident with a significant proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells from day 3 after infection. These results suggest IFN-y, CD4 T cells play an important role against WNV vaginal infection. ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD44 adhesion molecules were involved in response to infection. Upregulation expression of ICAM-1 and CD44, and a de novo induction of VCAM-1 expression in the vagina were detected after virus infection, and these responses paralleled the infiltration of immune cells in the vagina. Such responses were significantly accelerated and of greater magnitude in intravaginal (IVAG) immune, intraperitoneal (i.p.) immune and intradermal (i.d.) immune mice after intravaginal challenge with WNV, and this immunity completely protected animals against subsequent vaginal infection. Unexpectedly, the immune responses in i.d. immune mice were much stronger than IVGA immune mice. Moreover, there was a markedly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and VCAM-1 expression in the vaginal mucosa, a significantly higher proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in ILN, and a similar B220 B cell infiltration in the vagina and proliferation in the ILN. This suggests that i.d. immunization may be a possible route to induce immunity for prevention of vaginal viral infection. The role of IL-5 in host immunity to vaginal WNV infection was investigated by using IL-5 gene knockout (GKO) mice. It was found that IL-5 GKO mice were more susceptible to WNV vaginal infection. Thus, infected cells could be detected in vagina epithelium earlier and remained for a longer duration than in normal control mice. The susceptibility of GKO mice to vaginal WNV infection correlated with delayed specific anti-WNV IgM and lgG antibodies in vaginal washings, lower numbers of IgG-containing plasma cell infiltrating the vagina, and a significantly lower B220 B cell and CD8 T cell infiltrate at certain time points compared normal control mice. However, a significant CD4 T cell infiltration and significant upregulation of expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MHC-II molecules in the vaginal mucosa at the later stage of infection, implies a compensatory mechanism may exist. The expression of IL-4 mRNA in the vaginal mucosa was enhanced after virus infection, coincident with the detection of specific anti-WNV lgG, suggesting that IL-4 contributed to specific antibody production and thus contributes to the eradication of WNV vaginal infection. In this study, it was found that BALB/c mice are more susceptible to WNV vaginal infection than C57BL/6 mice, since the mortality to WNV vaginal infection in BALB/c mice was 10-fold higher than C57BL/6, and WNV-infected cells were detected in vaginal epithelium from day 2 to day 7 after infection in BALB/c mice, while these cells could only be detected on day 5 after infection in C57BL/6 mice. The susceptibility of BALB/c mice to WNV vaginal infection correlated with a markedly lower B220 B cell and CD8 T cell infiltration in the vagina of this strain than in C57BL/6 mice. These results indicate that immune responses to vaginal WNV infection is genetically determined, varying in different mouse strains. In a pilot experiment, the oestrogen-dominated model was used to compare immunity to intravaginal WNV infection in animals with a different hormonal status. Oestrogen-dominated mice were refractory to vaginal infection, but such resistance gave no protection against secondary virus challenge in the progesterone phase. These mice presented a similar pattern of epithelial cell infection as progesterone­ dominated naive mice in primary infection, though the infiltration of B220 B cells and CD8 T cells in the vagina of these mice was higher than in progesterone­ dominated naive mice after infection, and the proliferation of total lymphocytes and CD8 T cells in ILN of these mice was also higher than in progesterone-dominated naive mice in the early course of the infection. Interestingly, the infiltration of CD4+ T cells in the vagina of virus-challenged progesterone phase immune mice was significant higher than oestrogen phase immune mice after rechallenge, and the proliferation of total lymphocytes, B220 B cells and CD8 T cells in ILN of the former was higher than latter at day 1 after challenge. These results suggest that the weaker and different profile of immunity initiated in the oestrogen phase does not produce full protection against secondary vaginal challenge. The results from this study provides basic information about immune responses to vaginal virus infection and as such may contribute to the long-term development of vaccines to prevent the sexual transmission of viruses.
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23

Pinhat, Elisa Chicareli. "Estudo comparativo de cremes estrogênicos em pacientes com prolapso genital." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46920.

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Orientador : Newton Sergio de Carvalho<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 10/03/2017<br>Inclui referências: f.55-58<br>Resumo: Estudo Comparativo De Cremes Estrogênicos Em Pacientes Com Prolapso Genital. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de três diferentes tipos de cremes vaginais estrogênicos em comparação ao placebo, em relação as mudanças das queixas climatéricas sistêmicas e urogenitais, e seus efeitos na citologia hormonal vaginal, além do impacto e segurança endometrial. Material e Método: 69 pacientes foram selecionadas e randomizadas em 4 grupos para uso de 1g/dia de: promestrieno, estriol, estrogênio conjugado e hidratante vaginal não hormonal, como grupo controle. Tiveram citologia hormonal coletada antes e após o uso dos cremes, bem como avaliação endometrial ultrassonográfica e de queixas urogenitais e sistêmicas. Resultados: todos os cremes proporcionaram melhora de queixas, seja local ou sistêmica, porém o creme que demonstrou melhora das queixas locais, sistêmicas e correspondência na citologia hormonal, sem espessar endométrio foi o promestrieno; Conclusão: todos os cremes proporcionaram melhora das queixas urogenitais. Apesar de haverem bons indícios da segurança endometrial dos cremes vaginais, neste estudo tivemos mais influência hormonal no endométrio do que o relatado na literatura. Neste sentido, entre os cremes comparados, o promestrieno apresentou o melhor perfil de segurança endometrial e de melhora de queixas. Descritores: atrofia vaginal; estrogênio vaginal; espessamento endometrial<br>Abstract: Comparative Study Of Estrogen Creams In Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Objective: To assess the effects of vaginal estrogen creams on climacteric symptoms, vaginal hormonal cytology, endometrial thickness via ultrasound, and histopathological findings and to compare the results with those of the control drug. Methods: Sixty-nine menopausal patients with pelvic organ prolapse and indication for surgery were randomized into four groups according to the use of 1 g/day of promestriene, estriol, conjugated estrogen, and non-hormonal vaginal cream. The systemic and urogenital complaints were scored, hormonal cytology was assessed, and endometrial thickness was measured via ultrasound before and after the use of the creams. In addition, a histopathological study of the endometrium using hysterectomy specimens was performed. Results: All of the creams provided some improvement in symptoms; however, promestriene was the most effective cream in improving the parameters analyzed without significantly affecting the endometrium. Conclusions: All of the creams provided an improvement in urogenital symptoms. Although there is evidence of the endometrial safety of vaginal creams, in this study, the hormonal effect of the creams on the endometrium was greater than that reported in the literature. Thus, of the creams compared in this study, promestriene exhibited better endometrial safety and symptom improvement profiles. Key words: Vaginal atrophy, vaginal estrogens; endometrial thickening
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24

Roux, Shanleigh Dannica. "A social semiotic approach to multimodality in the Vagina Varsity YouTube campaign series." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6928.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>This study investigated the semiotic resources used by Vagina Varsity, a campaign by sanitary towel brand Libresse on the social media platform YouTube to construct meanings around the female body. Vagina Varsity is a South African online advertising campaign on YouTube which marketed their sanitary products, whilst educating, as well as breaking the social stigma, around the black female body. In this study, YouTube was utilized as a space in which to analyze online identities and communication. The study was located within the field of linguistic landscape (LL) studies, including the sub-field virtual linguistic landscapes (VLL), later reformulated as virtual semioscapes. The conceptual framework was undergirded by multimodality/multisemioticity and feminist theory. The study used a mixed methods approach to data collection, and used a virtual linguistic ethnography (VLE) framework to collect the data sources, which included YouTube videos, YouTube comments, and emails. A focus group interview was also conducted, where the Vagina Varsity videos were shown to a group of diverse youth at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. The embodied discourses which emerged, as well as the discourse strategies of the commentators, were multimodally analysed. The study found that the Vagina Varsity course makes use of multiple modes, including embodied semiotics such as gestures and stylizations of voice, visual modes such as cartoon figures, as well as the strategic use of sound. In addition, the study found that educational content and marketing strategies are both embedded in this campaign, with the educational content overshadowing the advertising aspect. It is for this reason that the YouTube comments and focus group interview were centered on the program itself and not the advertisement. Furthermore, when looking at the medium this campaign used, one sees that the virtual space allows for the teaching of taboo topics, which would not be allowed in traditional educational domains. The virtual space is not only bridging the knowledge gap in the topic of sex education, it also bridges the gap between different communities, as the YouTube comment section allows for people to interact across regional, national and even cultural boundaries. This study also found that Vagina Varsity not only recontextualized the educational genre, but they have also recontextualized the production and consumption of a topic which would otherwise be considered taboo. In terms of the implications for the study, one finds that the stigma that is attached to this subject is removed from this content. Although one cannot say for certain that this type of education will take over the African traditional initiation ceremonies for girls, for example, it can be used to complement some of the content that traditional counselors and social workers use to teach young African women. The fact that the program is formalized in a curriculum that can be found online opens up possibilities for open dialogue across cultures and nations in terms of feminine hygiene. This study contributes to the field of Linguistic Landscapes studies, with specific focus on virtual linguistic landscapes. The study also illustrates that the affordances of the online space allows for a hybrid edutainment space where people can learn about topics which are considered taboo in the domain of formal education. This study also extends the concept of multimodality, by including notions such as semiotic remediation and resemiotization, as well as immediacy and hypermediacy, as tools of multimodal analysis. This study also contributes to studies on gender and sexuality.<br>2022-08-31
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25

Husted, James Ross. "Bacterial and fungal organisms in the vagina of normal cows and cows with vaginitis." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1310.

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Bacterial and fungal culturing was conducted on samples taken from the vaginal fornix of 106 cows, of which 42 had vaginitis and 64 had normal vaginas. The diagnosis of vaginitis and non-vaginitis samples was determined by histologic examination. Aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic cultures were done. In addition, cultures were performed for Campylobacter sp., Ureaplasma sp., Mycoplasma sp., Tritrichomonas foetus, and fungi. All 106 samples contained mixed aerobic bacterial cultures. The more frequent aerobic isolates included Acinetobacter lwoffii, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., and Streptococcus spp. These organisms were isolated from both groups of cows, but more frequently from the vaginitis group. Anaerobic isolates included Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., and Fusobacterium spp. The fungal isolates included Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., and Penicillium sp.
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26

Gellert, Ashley Elizabeth. "Putting Women Back on Top?: (Re)constituting Power and Audience in The Vagina Monologues." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32677.

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Eve Enslerâ s goal in writing The Vagina Monologues was to generate a dialogue regarding womenâ s sexuality to counter the silence that pervades the patriarchal culture that they inhabit. To achieve this goal, Ensler constructs two ideologiesâ one grounded in patriarchy and another supposedly grounded in female agency and dialogueâ to reveal the problems within the current ideology in hopes that her audience will adopt her new ideology and resolve the detrimental silence women endure. To evaluate its success, this study utilizes an eclectic approachâ comprised of constitutive rhetoric, second persona, third persona, and bell hooksâ rhetorical optionsâ to determine if the playâ s content encourages the dialogue Ensler desires.<br>Master of Arts
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27

Ross, Karen E. "The Vagina Dialogues: Essentialist and Constructionist Views of Female Sexuality in Contemporary Feminist Theology." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1304106635.

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28

Trollope-Kumar, Karen. "Speaking through the body : leukorrhea as a bodily idiom of communication in Garhwal, India /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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29

Lesuer, William M. II. "Say Hello to my Little Friend: An Investigation into the Correlations between Genital Slang and Sexism." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321647214.

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30

Völler, Natalie [Verfasser], and H. Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheidel. "Die Fixation der Vagina beim Prolaps : Operationsmethoden und Nachuntersuchungsergebnisse / Natalie Völler. Betreuer: H. Peter Scheidel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021499668/34.

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31

Carr, Margaret A. "“Say Me/See Me/Say It”: Staging Stories and Transforming Communities in The Vagina Monologues." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1207.

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Thesis advisor: Caroline Bicks<br>In the last ten years, Eve Ensler’s The Vagina Monologues has morphed from a successful off-Broadway production into an activist movement that fosters fundraising productions of the play by community and campus groups in almost every country. In this thesis, I examine how the ‘body stories’ told by actual women made it to community stages all over the world through a series of translations: first, how Ensler poetically/theatrically interprets their stories; second, how the monologic form (and the current multiple-actor form) of the play affects the meaning of those stories; third, projecting how the audience reacts to those stories; and last, suggesting possibilities for broadening the audience’s experience into community discussion and social change<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: English Honors Program<br>Discipline: College Honors Program<br>Discipline: English
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Ledwig, Corinna [Verfasser]. "Langzeiteffekte einer phytoestrogenreichen Ernährung auf die Estrogensensitivität von Uterus und Vagina im Tierexperiment / Corinna Ledwig." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015284612/34.

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Miller, Zachary Dalton. "Tensile Properties of Single Vaginal Smooth Muscle Cells." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83567.

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Improving treatment and prevention of pelvic organ prolapse, a disorder affecting up to half of parous women, requires thorough mechanical analysis of the vagina and other endopelvic structures at the cellular level. In this study, we tested single vaginal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to quantify their elastic moduli. Cells were enzymatically isolated from vaginal walls of freshly sacrificed, virgin Long Evans rats and cultured using well-established methods. A custom-built experimental setup was used to perform tensile tests. Micropipettes were fabricated to serve as cantilever-type load cells, which were coated in cellular adhesive. Two pipettes applied tension to SMCs until adhesion between the cell and a pipette failed. During mechanical testing, images of SMCs were collected and translated into strain and stress. Specifically, force/stress data were calculated using Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory and by making simplifying geometric assumptions. The average initial and total elastic moduli (mean ± SEM) for single vaginal SMCs were 6.06 ± 0.26 kPa and 5.4 ± 0.24 kPa, respectively, which is within the range reported for other types of SMCs, mainly airway and vascular, of various species. This protocol can and will be applied to further investigate mechanics of single cells from the pelvic region with independent variables such as parity, age, body mass index, and various stages of POP. Results of these experiments will provide critical information for improving current treatments like drug therapies, surgical procedures, medical grafts and implants, and preventative practices like stretching and exercise techniques.<br>Master of Science
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Sartori, Dulcegleika Villas Boas [UNESP]. "Correlação entre a força muscular do assoalho pélvico e status hormonal da vagina em mulheres continentes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137964.

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Submitted by DULCEGLEIKA VILLAS BÔAS SARTORI null (dulcegleikasartori@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-14T19:52:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE A FORÇA MUSCULAR DO ASSOALHO PÉLVICO E STATUS HORMONAL DA VAGINA EM MULHERES CONTINENTES.pdf: 772099 bytes, checksum: 892c550ddbdc0f4bbf49a4e2dfdf2d2e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-15T19:46:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_dvb_dr_bot.pdf: 772099 bytes, checksum: 892c550ddbdc0f4bbf49a4e2dfdf2d2e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T19:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_dvb_dr_bot.pdf: 772099 bytes, checksum: 892c550ddbdc0f4bbf49a4e2dfdf2d2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01<br>Objetivos: Avaliar a correlação entre o status hormonal da vagina e hipermobilidade uretral com a força muscular do AP, nas diferentes faixas etárias em mulheres continentes. Métodos: Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 140 mulheres continentes, divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a faixa etária, G1 (n = 34) de 30 a 40 anos, G2 (n = 38) de 41 a 50 anos, G3 (n =35) de 51 a 60 anos e G4 (n= 33) acima de 60 anos. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: dados demográficos utilizando questionário clinico; hipermobilidade do colo vesical usando o teste do cotonete; trofismo vaginal com exame ginecológico; status hormonal da vagina com a colpocitologia; força muscular do AP, utilizando a perineometria e eletroneuromiografia (EMG). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a força muscular do AP, características demográficas, trofismo vaginal e hipermobilidade do colo vesical nos diferentes grupos (p>0,05). Foi encontrado um maior número de mulheres atróficas acima de 60 anos. Houve uma excelente concordância no trofismo vaginal avaliado pelo exame ginecológico e colpocitologia (Kappa = 0,888). Porém observamos que as mulheres com hipermobilidade apresentavam menor força muscular em relação às mulheres sem hipermobilidade na EMG. Conclusão: Apesar da atrofia vaginal ser maior nas mulheres acima de 60 anos , não observamos diferença na força muscular do AP durante o processo de envelhecimento fisiológico. Sendo assim, não podemos dizer que o trofismo é o único fator relacionado à força muscular do AP, dificultando a indicação de mulheres para profilaxia. Palavras - chave: continência urinária; força muscular; músculo assoalho pélvico; status hormonal; prolapso; hipermoblidade do colo vesical<br>Objectives: To assess the correlation between hormonal status and PF muscle strength. Methods: 140 continent women were prospectively evaluated, and divided into four groups according to age: G1 (n = 34) 30-40 years, G2 (n = 38) 41-50 years, G3 (n = 35) 51-60, and G4 (n = 33) older than 60 years. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic data using clinical questionnaire; hypermobility of the bladder neck using the swab test; vaginal trophism by gynecological examination; hormonal status of the vagina by cytology; muscle strength of the PF using perineometer and electromyography (EMG). Results: There was no statistical difference between PF muscle strength, demographic characteristics, vaginal trophism, and hypermobility of the bladder neck in the different groups (p > 0.05). There was a larger number of atrophic women among those over 60 years of age. Vaginal trophism assessed by physical examination was highly consistent with the findings of colpocytology (Kappa = 0.888). We found, however, that women with hypermobility by EMG had less muscle strength as compared to those with no hypermobility. Conclusion: Although vaginal atrophy is more intense in women older than 60 years, no difference was found in muscle strength of the PF during the physiological aging process. As a consequence, it is not possible to state that trophism is the only factor related to PF muscular strength, thus precluding the selection of women who should be referred to prophylaxis. Key-notes: urinary continence; muscle strength; pelvic floor muscles; hormonal status; prolapse; bladder neck hypermobility
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Sartori, Dulcegleika Villas Boas. "Correlação entre a força muscular do assoalho pélvico e status hormonal da vagina em mulheres continentes." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137964.

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Orientador: João Luiz Amaro<br>Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar a correlação entre o status hormonal da vagina e hipermobilidade uretral com a força muscular do AP, nas diferentes faixas etárias em mulheres continentes. Métodos: Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 140 mulheres continentes, divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a faixa etária, G1 (n = 34) de 30 a 40 anos, G2 (n = 38) de 41 a 50 anos, G3 (n =35) de 51 a 60 anos e G4 (n= 33) acima de 60 anos. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: dados demográficos utilizando questionário clinico; hipermobilidade do colo vesical usando o teste do cotonete; trofismo vaginal com exame ginecológico; status hormonal da vagina com a colpocitologia; força muscular do AP, utilizando a perineometria e eletroneuromiografia (EMG). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a força muscular do AP, características demográficas, trofismo vaginal e hipermobilidade do colo vesical nos diferentes grupos (p>0,05). Foi encontrado um maior número de mulheres atróficas acima de 60 anos. Houve uma excelente concordância no trofismo vaginal avaliado pelo exame ginecológico e colpocitologia (Kappa = 0,888). Porém observamos que as mulheres com hipermobilidade apresentavam menor força muscular em relação às mulheres sem hipermobilidade na EMG. Conclusão: Apesar da atrofia vaginal ser maior nas mulheres acima de 60 anos , não observamos diferença na força muscular do AP durante o processo de envelhecimento fisiológico. Sendo assim, não podemos dizer que o trofismo é ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Objectives: To assess the correlation between hormonal status and PF muscle strength. Methods: 140 continent women were prospectively evaluated, and divided into four groups according to age: G1 (n = 34) 30-40 years, G2 (n = 38) 41-50 years, G3 (n = 35) 51-60, and G4 (n = 33) older than 60 years. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic data using clinical questionnaire; hypermobility of the bladder neck using the swab test; vaginal trophism by gynecological examination; hormonal status of the vagina by cytology; muscle strength of the PF using perineometer and electromyography (EMG). Results: There was no statistical difference between PF muscle strength, demographic characteristics, vaginal trophism, and hypermobility of the bladder neck in the different groups (p > 0.05). There was a larger number of atrophic women among those over 60 years of age. Vaginal trophism assessed by physical examination was highly consistent with the findings of colpocytology (Kappa = 0.888). We found, however, that women with hypermobility by EMG had less muscle strength as compared to those with no hypermobility. Conclusion: Although vaginal atrophy is more intense in women older than 60 years, no difference was found in muscle strength of the PF during the physiological aging process. As a consequence, it is not possible to state that trophism is the only factor related to PF muscular strength, thus precluding the selection of women who should be referred to prophylaxis. Key-no... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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36

Pessina, Monica A. "Modulation of rat vaginal structure by sex steroid hormones." Thesis, Boston University, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37168.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>The vagina is a key organ in the peripheral genital arousal response. In animal models, pelvic nerve stimulation increases vaginal wall compliance, blood flow and transudation of fluid. Decreases in ovarian steroids are known to induce structural changes in the vagina, and evidence is mounting that alterations in the hormonal milieu contribute to genital pathophysiology. To date, however, mechanisms by which sex steroids regulate vaginal arousal responses have not been adequately studied. Further, limited data are available on the effects of hormone replacement on tissue morphology, hormone receptor distribution and vaginal innervation. We propose that imbalances in sex steroid hormone levels alter the distribution, expression and actions of steroid receptors and neurotransmitters, leading to structural and functional changes in vaginal tissue and impairment the arousal response. The goal of this study was to assess dynamic changes in vaginal tissue structure with hormone deprivation and administration. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used as an animal model. Intact animals served as controls. Ovariectomized animals were treated for a two week period with vehicle, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, or a combination of estradiol plus testosterone or progesterone. To assess changes in vaginal physiology and morphology, physiological and histological techniques were used, including stereological analysis and immunohistochemistry for localization of hormone receptors and various neuronal markers.<br>2031-01-01
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Ponce, Pajuelo Eladio Edisson, and Cabrera Pedro Martín Sánchez. "Prevalencia y valor predictivo de vaginosis bacteriana para parto pretérmino espontáneo." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2004. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2004/ponce_pe/html/index-frames.html.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y evaluar el valor de la detección de Vaginosis Bacteriana entre las 22 - 24 semanas en la predicción de parto pretérmino espontáneo en gestaciones únicas. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte en el Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal durante enero a diciembre del 2002. Un total de 1218 gestantes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (perdiéndose 18 al seguimiento); a quienes se tomó una muestra de secreción vaginal para tinción Gram interpretándose los resultados para Vaginosis Bacteriana según los criterios de Nugent. La incidencia de parto pretérmino fue 11,8% y la prevalencia de Vaginosis Bacteriana 37,2%. De las 1200 muestras, 475 tuvieron flora normal (39,6%), 279 flora intermedia (23,2%) y 446 (37,2%) Vaginosis Bacteriana. El antecedente de parto pretérmino, multiparidad y riesgo social alto se asociaron con parto pretérmino espontáneo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre Vaginosis Bacteriana y parto pretérmino < 37 semanas de gestación; observándose en los casos con flora normal, intermedia y Vaginosis Bacteriana, 40 (28,3%), 49 (34,8 %) y 52 (36,9%) partos pretérminos; respectivamente. El parto muy pretérmino (< 33 semanas) se asoció significativamente con el grado de la flora, presentándose 17 (12,1%), 27 (19,1%) y 52 (36,9%) partos muy pretérminos, en los casos con flora normal, intermedia y Vaginosis Bacteriana; respectivamente. Para parto pretérmino espontáneo la Vaginosis Bacteriana tuvo una sensibilidad de 12,8%, una especificidad de 95,3% un valor predictivo positivo de 35,3% y un valor predictivo negativo de 84,3%. Concluimos que la Vaginosis Bacteriana no es predictor de parto pretérmino espontáneo y no recomendamos su uso en la práctica clínica. Palabras Claves: Vaginosis Bacteriana, parto pretérmino espontáneo, predicción.
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Campos, Angela Borges de Carvalho. "Detecção de HPV e presença de HIV vaginal em mulheres infectadas por HIV." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309016.

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Orientador: Eliana Amaral<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_AngelaBorgesdeCarvalho_M.pdf: 1116989 bytes, checksum: 86a785222163ae5f264dc20b018e039f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: OBJETIVO: Estudar os fatores associados à detecção de HPV e HIV na vagina, incluindo sua correlação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal em mulheres infectadas por HIV. Excluíram-se gestantes e aquelas com antecedente de histerectomia, em uso de medicações vaginais nas últimas 48h, que tiveram relação sexual desprotegida havia menos de 72h ou com sangramento genital. Utilizou-se amostra endocervical para realização de teste de Captura Híbrida II® (HPV por CH II) para detecção de HPV (alto e baixo risco), clamídia e gonococo. Os tipos de HPV foram identificados por Linear Array®, Roche, após amplificação do DNA viral. Colheu-se lavado vaginal para determinação de RNA-HIV livre (utilizando-se 10 mL de solução salina). As cargas virais vaginal e plasmática de HIV foram mensuradas utilizando-se o kit HIV Monitor v1.5 Cobas Amplicor®. Calcularam-se as razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: Entre as 201 mulheres, das quais 73,6% em uso de TARV identificou-se o HPV de alto ou baixo risco pela CH II em 37,3% delas. O RNA-HIV livre foi detectável no lavado vaginal em 9% dos casos. Houve maior detecção de HPV por CH II com HIV plasmático detectável, menores valores de linfócitos T CD4, uso de contraceptivo combinado e tabagismo, mas não houve associação com RNA-HIV vaginal. O HPV pela CH II também foi mais prevalente quando havia alteração citológica e colposcópica, mas não ectopia, ulceração genital, monilíase ou vaginose bacteriana. Em mais de 80% das amostras, detectou-se algum tipo de HPV (em média, três tipos). Os tipos mais prevalentes foram HPV 62 (24,9%), 6 (19,4%), 53 (17,4%), 51 (14,9%), 61 (13,9%), 16 (12,9%) e HPV 84 (11,4%). HPV 53, 51 e 16 (alto risco) e HPV 84 (indeterminado) foram associados à maior detecção pela CH II. A presença de mais de três tipos de HPV foi o único fator que aumentou a prevalência de HPV por CH II na análise multivariada. Não usar TARV, carga viral plasmática detectável, CD4 reduzido e vaginose bacteriana aumentaram a prevalência de RNA-HIV vaginal, mas carga viral plasmática foi a única variável significativa na análise multivariada. Conclusão: O HPV foi detectável em 37,5% dos casos, quando se usou CH II, e em 80% dos casos quando se usou tipagem por Linear Array®. Ter RNA HIV vaginal detectável não aumentou a prevalência da detecção de HPV. A prevalência de RNA HIV vaginal foi 9%, bem abaixo dos valores da literatura e associada à carga viral plasmática<br>Abstract: Aim: To study factors associated to HPV and HIV vaginal viral load, including their correlation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV- infected women. Those who were pregnant, had undergone histerectomy, using vaginal medication within the last 48 hours, had had unprotected sex less than 72 hours before, or had genital bleeding were excluded. An endocervical sample was used for Hybrid Capture II (HPV by HC II) to detect HPV (high and low risk), Chamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. HPV types were identified by Linear Array (Roche), after viral DNA amplification. A cervico-vaginal lavage sample was obtained to determine free RNA-HIV load, using 10 mL of sterile normal saline. HIV vaginal and plasmatic viral loads were measured by HIV Monitor V 1.5 Cobas Amplicor. Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Out of 201 women, 73.6% using ARV, 37.3% of women were identified with high or low risk HPV by HC II. Free HIV-RNA was detectable in cervical vaginal lavage of 9% of the cases. Higher HPV prevalence was associated with plasmatic HIV, lower T CD4 lynphocytes, combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarette smoking, but not with vaginal HIV-RNA. HPV by HC II was more prevalent in cases of cytologic or colposcopic abnormalities, but not ectopy, genital ulcerations, candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. In over 80% of the samples, some type of HPV was detected (on average 3 types). The most prevalent types were HPV 62 (24.9%), 6 (19.4%), 53 (17.4%), 51 (14.9%), 61 (13.9%), 16 (12.9%) and 84 (11.4%). HPV 53, 51 and 16 (high risk) and 84 (undetermined) were associated to higher detection by HC II. The presence of more than three HPV types was the only factor which increased the prevalence of HPV by HC II in multivariate analysis. Using no ART, reduced CD4, plasma HIV viral load, and bacterial vaginosis increased the prevalence of vaginal HIVRNA, but plasmatic viral load was the only significant variable lin the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HPV by HC II was detected in 37.5% of samples, and in 80% of the cases when Linear Array typing washed used. Having detectable vaginal RNA-HIV has not increased the prevalence of HPV detection. The prevalence of vagina RNA-HIV was 9%, well below the values found in the medical literature and associated to plasmatic viral load<br>Mestrado<br>Tocoginecologia<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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39

Проняєв, Д. В. "Анатомія піхви плодів 6 місяців". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64351.

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Вступ. Питання перинатальної анатомії останнім часом викликає високе зацікавлення науковців. Про це свідчать численні публікації в наукових виданнях, присвячені проблемам дослідження морфогенезу органів та структур плодів та новонароджених, свідчать про питаннями перинатальної анатомії. Проте, наведені дані часто є не систематизовані та неповні, що зумовлює актуальність анатомічних досліджень в даному напрямі. Матеріали та методи дослідження. Використовували методи макро- мікропрепарування, морфометрії, інʼєкції судин, статистичної обробки даних. Матерiал одержано з Чернiвецьких мiських гiнекологiчних клiнiк. Окремі препарати плодiв досліджували в Чернiвецькому обласному патологоанатомiчному бюро в рамках планових розтинів.
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Івахнюк, Тетяна Василівна, Татьяна Васильевна Ивахнюк, Tetiana Vasylivna Ivakhniuk та ін. "Мікробна екологія піхви при стрептококовому носійстві". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32136.

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Кількісні та якісні співвідношення популяцій мікроорганізмів у окремих органах і системах, є надзвичайно чутливим індикатором стану організму людини. Порушення нормальної мікрофлори піхви характеризується, з одного боку, зникненням або зниженням числа представників індигенної мікрофлори, з іншого, підвищенням популяційного рівня умовно-патогенних мікроорганізмів. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32136
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Ross, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur aeroben Keimflora und zum pH-Wert in der Vagina der Hündin / vorgelegt von Andreas Ross." Berlin : Buch-und-Mensch-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/979236606/34.

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42

Wehrend, Axel. "Untersuchungen zur Involution der Vagina and Zervix beim Rind post partum unter Berücksichtigung der Zervix als Geburtshindernis." Giessen : DVG Service, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971939454.

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43

Lee, Jirye. "The Distance between Two Worlds: What Happened to The Vagina Monologues When It Crossed The Pacific Ocean?" The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248975351.

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44

Reda, Somaia. "Avaliação do meio ambiente vaginal, fatores de risco e prevalência de infecções cérvico-vaginais de mulheres HIV positivo comparadas a grupo controle e prevalência de candidíase vulvovaginal em relação ao estado imunológico nas mulheres com HIV." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45912.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Newton Sergio de Carvalho<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 21/10/2016<br>Inclui referências : f. 40-43<br>Resumo: A alteração do microbioma vaginal está associado a risco maior de infecção pelo HIV, sendo que este, afeta principalmente mulheres jovens em sua fase reprodutiva e a coinfecção com outras doenças do trato genital é bastante comum pois, a infecção ocorre principalmente pelo contato heterossexual desprotegido. O curso da infecção do HIV pode ser alterado pelas coinfecções e estas também sofrem alterações podendo ser agravadas pelo HIV. Este estudo teve por objetivo Avaliar dados epidemiológicos, aspectos do meio ambiente vaginal, fatores de risco e prevalência de agentes das infecções cérvico-vaginais em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana comparativamente a um grupo controle e avaliar a prevalência de candida vaginal em função do estado imunológico no grupo com HIV. Estudo transversal, investigou 97 mulheres HIV positivo entre 18 a 49 anos não grávidas, atendidas no ambulatório de infecções ginecológicas do Hospital de Clinicas- UFPr e as pacientes internadas no Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, de Curitiba- Paraná, dentro do período de janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Conclui-se que as mulheres HIV positivo são jovens na maioria, no auge de sua vida sexual e reprodutiva com menor número de anos de estudo. O tabagismo teve predomínio neste grupo, assim como a drogadição, sendo o crack a droga mais usada. Houve alteração do meio ambiente vaginal nas mulheres HIV positivas, demonstrado pelo pH que se apresentou igual ou maior a 5. Não houve aumento da prevalência de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis e vaginose bacteriana. Foi identificado aumento da prevalência de candida vulvovaginal e entre aquelas com CD4<200/mm3 mostrou maior propensão em apresentar o fungo, onde também com a carga viral mais alta, se observou aumento significativo de candida. Os fungos mais prevalentes foram a C. albicans e C. parapsilosis. Palavras-chaves: microbioma vaginal. Infecções cérvico-vaginais. HIV. Estado Imunológico.<br>Abstract: Changes in the vaginal microbiome is associated with increased risk of HIV infection, and this affects mainly young women in their reproductive phase and co-infection with other diseases of the genital tract is quite common, as infection occurs primarily by unprotected heterosexual contact. The HIV infection course can be changed by coinfections as coinfections are modified and aggravated by HIV. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological data, aspects of the environment vaginal environment, risk factors and prevalence of agents of cervicovaginal infections in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus compared to a control group and assess the prevalence of vaginal candida yeast due to the immune status in the group with HIV. A cross sectional study investigated ninety-seven HIV-infected non-pregnant women between 18 and 49 years old assisted at the Hospital de Clinicas- UFPr's gynecologic infections ambulatory and hospitalized patients at the Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, in the period between January 2015 and January 2016. In order to compare the clinical and epidemiological data, vaginal environment and prevalence of cervicalvaginal infections; a control group was enrolled, consisted by women between ages 18-49 originating from general gynecology ambulatories who were examined to conduct Pap-smears procedures, which were HIV-uninfected and participating in another study where the same data was collected. It is concluded that HIV-positive women are mostly young, at the peak of their sexual and reproductive life with fewer years of study. It was concluded that smokers were predominant within these HIVinfected women, as well as drug addiction, in which crack being the most used drug. There were changes in the vaginal environment of HIV-infected women, demonstrated by the pH that presented equal to or greater than 5. There was no increased prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis in HIV-infected women. It was identified increased prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and among those with CD4 &lt;200 / mm3 was shown greater propensity of presenting the fungus. Also with a higher viral load, it was observed a significant increase of VVC. The prevailing fungi found were C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Key words: Vaginal environment. Cervicovaginal infections. HIV. Immunological Status.
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45

Nilsson, Sara. "Vagina, fitta, mus : En undersökning bland kvinnliga gymnasieelever om värdeladdning och användbarhet hos ord för det kvinnliga könsorganet." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Scandinavian Languages, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8346.

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<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa värdeladdning och användbarhet hos nio ord för det kvinnliga könsorganet. De ord som behandlas är vagina, fitta, snippa, muff, mutta, sköte, vulva, mus och springa. Uppsatsens grundläggande hypotes är att samtliga nio ord är värdeladdade och att inga ord är neutrala i den bemärkelsen att de kan användas oproblematiskt i uppsatsinformanternas vardag.</p><p>En enkät som berör igenkänning och användning av orden, uppfattning om dem, samt de¬ras eventuella positiva eller negativa klang har besvarats av 75 kvinnliga gymnasieelever på estetiska programmets tredje år. 23 informanter är från en skola i Stockholmsregionen medan 52 informanter är från en skola i Skåne.</p><p>Undersökningens resultat analyseras och förklaras med stöd av Laclau & Mouffes diskursteori, Sapir & Whorfs hypotes om språkets inverkan på vår uppfattning av omvärlden, Hirdmans genusteori samt tidigare forskning som är relevant för uppsatsämnet.</p><p>Uppsatsens resultat visar att hypotesen verifieras.</p>
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46

Schardt, Victor. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Hefepilzbesiedelung von Mundhöhle und Vagina und Bestimmung von Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 und Interleukin-12." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-155152.

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47

Friedrich, Karen. "Alteração da expressão do receptor de estrogênio subtipo alfa relacionada a abertura de vagina em ratas Sprague-Dawley." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5336.

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Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 616.pdf: 4168242 bytes, checksum: 59e0b30e0d6358d8c0e2e8d361324a50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>(...) O objetivo foi investigar as mudanças na expressão do RE-alfa em alguns tecidos responsivos a estrógenos, tais como ovário, útero e vagina, durante a abertura de vagina, um evento crítico que marca o início da puberdade em ratas. A expressão de RE-alfa foi avaliada em grupos de ratas Sprague-Dawley sacrificados por decapitação no dia 21 pós-natal (21 DPN) e no dia de abertura de vagina (VA). A expressão de RE-alfa também foi avaliada em um terceiro grupo de ratas com vagina fechada (VF) pareados com animais do grupo VA por idade e(...)por ninhada de origem. Imediatamente após o sacrifício os órgãos-alvo (ovários, útero e vagina) foram removidos e armazenados à - 80°C até o uso. Os órgãos foram pesados ainda congelados, descongelados e homogeneizados (útero e vagina, individualmente, e pool de três ovários do mesmo grupo) antes das análises de SDS-PAGE e Western Blot. As membranas foram incubadas com anticorpo policlonal contra RE-alfa de camundongo (1:200) e posteriormente com anticorpo IgG secundário anti-coelho (1:5000). Diferenças de peso corporal entre os grupos VA e VF foram analisadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon Signed-rank entre animais pareados. Os pesos dos órgãos absolutos foram comparados por ANOVA e pelo teste t de student e as diferenças de peso relativo dos órgãos e densidades de bandas foram avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis seguido pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney. Em todos os casos a diferença foi considerada como estatisticamente significativa quando p menor ou igual a 0,05. Apesar de terem a mesma idade, e pertencerem à mesma ninhada, as fêmeas do grupo VA estavam mais pesadas que as do grupo VF. Esse fato vem confirmar achados anteriores de diferentes autores sugerindo que o peso corporal e os fatores meólicos desempenham papel fundamental no período da puberdade. Três variantes do RE-alfa - com pesos moleculares aparentes de 64, 56 e 42 kD - foram encontradas nos ovários, útero e vagina. A expressão de todas as três variantes em ovários e úteros, bem como as variantes 64 e 56 kD na vagina, das fêmeas do grupo VA, parece ter sido menor do que em ratas do grupo 21 DPN. Por outro lado, a expressão da variante 42 kD em tecido de vagina de ratas do grupo 21 DPN foi menor do que a expressão nas fêmeas do grupo VA e VF. Nossos resultados sugerem que - com exceção da variante 42 kD na vagina - a expressão de todas as variantes de RE-alfa nos ovários, úteros e vaginas parecem diminuir nas ratas quando ocorre a abertura de vagina
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48

Sánchez, Cabrera Pedro Martín, and Pajuelo Eladio Edisson Ponce. "Prevalencia y valor predictivo de vaginosis bacteriana para parto pretérmino espontáneo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1963.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y evaluar el valor de la detección de Vaginosis Bacteriana entre las 22 - 24 semanas en la predicción de parto pretérmino espontáneo en gestaciones únicas. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte en el Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal durante enero a diciembre del 2002. Un total de 1218 gestantes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (perdiéndose 18 al seguimiento); a quienes se tomó una muestra de secreción vaginal para tinción Gram interpretándose los resultados para Vaginosis Bacteriana según los criterios de Nugent. La incidencia de parto pretérmino fue 11,8% y la prevalencia de Vaginosis Bacteriana 37,2%. De las 1200 muestras, 475 tuvieron flora normal (39,6%), 279 flora intermedia (23,2%) y 446 (37,2%) Vaginosis Bacteriana. El antecedente de parto pretérmino, multiparidad y riesgo social alto se asociaron con parto pretérmino espontáneo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre Vaginosis Bacteriana y parto pretérmino < 37 semanas de gestación; observándose en los casos con flora normal, intermedia y Vaginosis Bacteriana, 40 (28,3%), 49 (34,8 %) y 52 (36,9%) partos pretérminos; respectivamente. El parto muy pretérmino (< 33 semanas) se asoció significativamente con el grado de la flora, presentándose 17 (12,1%), 27 (19,1%) y 52 (36,9%) partos muy pretérminos, en los casos con flora normal, intermedia y Vaginosis Bacteriana; respectivamente. Para parto pretérmino espontáneo la Vaginosis Bacteriana tuvo una sensibilidad de 12,8%, una especificidad de 95,3% un valor predictivo positivo de 35,3% y un valor predictivo negativo de 84,3%. Concluimos que la Vaginosis Bacteriana no es predictor de parto pretérmino espontáneo y no recomendamos su uso en la práctica clínica. Palabras Claves: Vaginosis Bacteriana, parto pretérmino espontáneo, predicción.<br>Tesis de segunda especialidad
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49

Cheroki, Carola. "Estudo genético-clínico e molecular da síndrome de Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser e condições afins." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-03062008-130845/.

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Introdução: A síndrome ou seqüência malformativa de Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser (SR), de caráter geralmente esporádico, caracteriza-se por aplasia útero-vaginal, freqüentemente associada a anomalias esqueléticas e do trato urinário e a caracteres sexuais secundários, hormônios esteróides e cariótipo normais. A condição é claramente heterogênea, podendo fazer parte de outras seqüências e complexos mais abrangentes. Sua freqüência ao nascimento foi estimada em cerca de 1/5.000 meninas. O banco de dados OMIM (McKusick, 2005) classifica-a como autossômica recessiva e apenas um caso atípico, portador de virilização, foi atribuído a mutação descrita no gene WNT4 (Biason-Laubert e col.., 2004). A vitamina A e seus derivados ativos (ácidos retinóicos ou AR) desempenham papel importante nos processos de diferenciação, proliferação e apoptose celular. Mendelsohn e col. (1994) e Kastner e col. (1997) descreveram malformações congênitas semelhantes afins às da SR em camundongos portadores de mutações nos genes RAR-G e RXR-A dos receptores de AR. A região homóloga em humanos de um desses receptores corresponde exatamente à região descrita por Kucheria e col. (1988) em duas mulheres não aparentadas com agenesia mülleriana e portadoras de translocação (12;14)(q14;q31). Os fatores etiológicos responsáveis pelas anomalias müllerianas são ainda pouco conhecidos, mas o achado freqüente de afetadas com outros defeitos associados (renais, esqueléticos, cardíacos e auditivos) sugere o envolvimento de genes primordiais do desenvolvimento. Materiais e métodos: No total, 43 pacientes (todas com cariótipo 46,XX) e 21 familiares foram todos submetidos a exame clínico e ginecológico e de imagem (ultra-sonografia urogenital e raios-X de coluna) padronizados e à coleta de sangue para estudo cromossômico e molecular. O DNA foi extraído e amplificado por PCR Touch-Down; a triagem das mutações foi realizada em cinco genes (RARG, RXR-A, WNT-4, LHX-1 e KLHL-4) por eletroforese SSCP, dHPLC e de seqüenciamento (MegaBace). Quinze pacientes do total apresentando fenótipo mais grave foram triadas quanto a variações no número de cópias de DNA pela técnica de ~1 Mb array-CGH. As alterações detectadas foram validadas por FISH e MLPA. Foram excluídas alterações no número de cópias previamente descritas em indivíduos normais (DGV). Dois novos genes (LHX-1 e KLHL-4) surgiram como possíveis candidatos após a triagem com array- CGH e foram incluídos aos três genes candidatos previamente existentes. Resultados e conclusão: Trinta e nove pacientes possuíam quadro bastante típico de SR com agenesia útero-vaginal, em 27 delas acompanhado de manifestações extra-genitais como defeitos renais, ósseos, agenesia de ovários e surdez. Quatro pacientes apresentaram defeitos müllerianos isolados (agenesia de vagina) e uma outra era portadora da associação MURCS. A analise molecular por meio das técnicas de SSCP, dHPLC e seqüenciamentode todas as regiões codificados dos cinco genes candidatos permitiu identificar 95 alterações. A comparação com os bancos de dados (http://www.ensembl.org/) determinou que as alterações identificadas correspondem a variações populacionais polimórficas previamente descritas e sem efeito patogênico, uma vez que nenhuma delas altera a seqüência de aminoácidos das proteínas por elas codificadas. Mediante array-CGH foram identificadas, em 5 pacientes, um total de 7 alterações submicroscópicas (deleções e duplicações) comprometendo as regiões 1q21.1, 17q12, 22q11.21, 22q11.22, e Xq21.31. Alguns familiares das afetadas, também portadores dessas alterações, apresentavam manifestações leves, indicando que as alterações apresentam penetrância incompleta e expressividade variável. Nossos resultados afastam a RAR-G, RXR-A, WNT-4 como diretamente envolvidos na patogênese da síndrome de Rokitansky e sugerem a existência de variações no numero de copias de novas regiões cromossômicas como relevantes durante o desenvolvimento mülleriano, indicando especificamente os genes LHX1 e KLHL4 como candidatos.<br>Background: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, comprising utero-vaginal atresia in otherwise phenotypically normal women with a normal karyotype (46,XX), has an incidence of about 1/5,000 among newborn girls. Anomalies of the genital tract range from upper vaginal atresia to total Müllerian agenesis (congenital absence of the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina). Patients with müllerian aplasia (MA) often exhibit additional clinical features such as renal, vertebral and cardiac defects. A number of different syndromes have been associated with MA, and in most cases its aetiology remains poorly understood. We studied 43 women with the MRKH defect and 21 relatives presenting associated anomalies. The study included clinical and ultrasonographic examination of the urogenital system, radiographs of the vertebral column and sequencing of three candidate genes named RAR gama, RXR alpha and WNT-4. Fifteen of our patients, with more complex phenotypes (genital, renal, cardiac, and skeletal defects), were screened for DNA copy number changes by 1 Mb whole genome bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The detected alterations were validated by an independent method and further mapped by high resolution oligo-arrays. Results: All patients had a normal 46,XX karyotype and were also normal to the RAR gama, RXR alpha and WNT-4 genes. Submicroscopic genomic imbalances affecting the 1q21.1, 17q12, 22q11.21, and Xq21.31 chromosome regions were detected in five probands. Presence of the alterations in the normal mother of one patient suggests incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Conclusion: 5 of the 15 patients were found to have cryptic genomic alterations. The imbalances on 22q11.21 support recent findings by us and others that alterations in this chromosome region may result in impairment of müllerian duct development. The remaining imbalances indicate involvement of previously unknown chromosome regions in MA, and point specifically to LHX1 and KLHL4 as candidate genes.
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Fusté, Chimisana Maria Victòria. "Virus del papil·loma humà com a factor pronòstic en les neoplàsies malignes de la vulva i de la vagina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107700.

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Abstract:
El Virus del Papil•loma Humà (VPH) està implicat en la patogènesis dels tumors del tracte genital femení i es detecta en la pràctica totalitat dels carcinomes de cèrvix, considerant-se una causa necessària per al seu desenvolupament. El VPH també sembla estar involucrat en una proporció de tumors de la vulva i de la vagina, però al contrari que en el cèrvix, els carcinomes escamosos de la vulva (CEV) i de la vagina (CEVa) es desenvolupen seguint dues vies etiopatogèniques diferents: una relacionada amb la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. Degut a la baixa incidència de tumors en aquestes localitzacions, hi ha molt pocs coneixements sobre la epidemiologia, les característiques histològiques i les conseqüències clíniques dels tumors relacionats amb el VPH. Per altra banda, en totes aquestes localitzacions, tant les lesions premalignes com els carcinomes relacionats amb el VPH semblen presentar una morfologia basaloide o condilomatosa, mentre que els carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH són generalment queratinitzants. Des de fa un temps s’ha evidenciat que la sobrexpressió de p16ink4a es troba de manera uniforme en totes les lesions premalignes i malignes del cèrvix uterí i d’altres localitzacions, com l’amígdala, la vulva o la regió anorectal, associades a la infecció el VPH i s’ha proposat coma marcador d’aquesta infecció viral. L’objectiu de la tesi va ser estudiar un grup ampli de lesions de vulva i de vagina analitzant la presència o no de VPH i determinar si existeixen característiques morfològiques, immunohistoquímiques i clínico-patològiques diferencials entre els tumors positius i els negatius per al VPH. Com a metodologia es va avaluar retrospectivament els casos de CEVa i CEV diagnosticats a l’Hospital Clínic, a l’Hospital de la Vall d’Hebrón, a l’Instituto Portugués de Oncología de Lisboa i a l’Hospital de Vic, entre 1989 i el 2009. El VPH es va detectar mitjançant tècniques de PCR utilitzant primers SPF-10 i tipificat amb el mètode INNO-LIPA HPV. També es van realitzar tècniques de immunohistoquímica per la detecció de p16ink4A i p53. Es va realitzar l’anàlisi de la supervivència global (OS) i de la supervivència lliure de malaltia (DFS) mitjançant corbes de Kaplan- Meier i anàlisis multivariades utilitzant el model de Cox. Els resultats que es van obtenir van ser que tant el CEV com el CEVa presenten dues vies etiopatogèniques, una en relació a la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. El tipus viral més freqüent és el VPH de tipus 16. La tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16ink4 mostra una gran especificitat i sensibilitat per al diagnòstic dels carcinomes escamosos de vagina associats al VPH, i és una tècnica útil i simple per a classificar-los etiològicament. Les dones amb CEV associat al VPH presenten un pronòstic similar a les dones amb carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH, mentre que les pacients amb CEVa relacionat amb el VPH tenen una millor supervivència global i supervivència lliure de malaltia. Aquesta supervivència està limitada als estadis I i II de la malaltia. Les lesions vulvars intraepitelials negatives per a la infecció del VPH poden adoptar, ocasionalment, una morfologia basaloide i confondre’s amb un VIN de tipus clàssic (relacionat amb el VPH), per això, la tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16(ink4a) i p53 poden ser útils en l’adequada classificació d’aquestes lesions.<br>HUMAM PAPILLOMA VIRUS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN THE CARCINOMAS OF THE VULVA AND THE VAGINA Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of maligmant and premalignant tumours of the female lower genital tract and has been detected in almost 100% of cervical carcinomas. HPV also seems to be involved in a proportion of vulva and vagina tumours, but unlike the cervix, these tumors develop following two different etiopathogenic pathways: one group is related to HPV infection whereas a second group arises via independent- HPV infection. Premalignant and malignant tumours related to to HPV are histologicaly squamous cell carcinoma of non-keratinizing, basaloid or warty types, whereas most HPV-negative tumors are commonly of keratinizing type. However some overlap exists between the histological types and the association with HPV and immunohistochemical studies with p16ink4a has been proposed as a marker of this viral infection in the neoplasms. As a methodology, cases of carcinoma of the vulva and the vagina diagnosed in Hospital Clinic, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebron, Portuguese Institute of Oncology and Hospital de Vic, were analyzed between 1989 and 2009. HPV was detected by PCR. Immunohistochemical techniques were carried out for the detection of p p16ink4a and p53. The analysis of the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was made through Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariate curves using the Cox model. The results show that in vagina, as in vulva, there are two independent pathways in the development of tha carcinomas, one related an another independant of the HPV infection.The most common HPV viral type is the 16 . Immunohistochemical p16ink4 staining shows a great sensitivity and specificity for HPV related neoplasms, and is a useful technique to classify them. In vulva, women with HPV-tumours present a similar prognosis that women with non-HPV related tumours, while in vagina patients with HPV-related tumours stand a better overall survival and disease-free survival. This survival is limited to stages I and II of the disease. Vulvars negative intraepitelials neoplasms for HPV infection can adopt an basaloide morphology and p16ink4a staining with may be helpful in the proper classification.
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