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Journal articles on the topic 'Vagina'
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1
Yllera, María del Mar, Diana Alonso-Peñarando, and Matilde Lombardero. "Gross Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System of Sugar Gliders (Petaurus breviceps)." Animals 13, no. 14 (2023): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13142377.
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We dissected carcasses of eight mature females, both parous and non-parous specimens, to study the macroscopic anatomy of the female reproductive system in the sugar glider. The genital system includes double organs, namely the right and left ones, which are completely separated. It includes two ovaries, two oviducts, two uteri and a vaginal complex. The uteri are fusiform-shaped and lack horns. The vaginal complex includes two lateral vaginae and a median vagina, also called the ‘birth canal’. The cranial end of both lateral vaginae partially fuses, forming an expansion named the vaginal sinus, which is divided into two parts by a longitudinal septum, one for each vagina, where the ipsilateral uterine cervix opens. The caudal end of the lateral vaginae opens into a medial and impar duct: the urogenital sinus that serves as a common passage for the reproductive and urinary systems. In non-pregnant females, only the lateral vaginae are present. In pregnant and recently parous females, a short median vagina extends from the caudal wall of the vaginal sinus to the cranial end of the urogenital sinus. In the ventral wall of this sinus, next to its caudal opening, there is a forked clitoris.
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Kozarski, Jefta, Svetlana Vesanovic, and Zoran Bogdanovic. "Anatomic and histological characteristics of vagina reconstructed by McIndoe method." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 2 (2009): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0902107k.
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Background/Aim. Congenital absence of vagina is known from ancient times of Greek. According to the literature data, incidence is 1/4 000 to 1/20 000. Treatment of this anomaly includes non-operative and operative procedures. McIndoe procedure uses split skin graft by Thiersch. The aim of this study was to establish anatomic and histological characteristics of vagina reconstructed by McIndoe method in Mayer K?ster-Rockitansky Hauser (MKRH) syndrome and compare them with normal vagina. Methods. The study included 21 patients of 18 and more years with congenital anomaly known as aplasio vaginae within the Mayer K?ster-Rockitansky Hauser syndrome. The patients were operated on by the plastic surgeon using the McIndoe method. The study was a retrospective review of the data from the history of the disease, objective and gynecological examination and cytological analysis of native preparations of vaginal stain (Papanicolau). Comparatively, 21 females of 18 and more years with normal vaginas were also studied. All the subjects were divided into the groups R (reconstructed) and C (control) and the subgroups according to age up to 30 years (1 R, 1C), from 30 to 50 (2R, 2C), and over 50 (3R, 3C). Statistical data processing was performed by using the Student's t-test and Mann-Writney U-test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The results show that there are differences in the depth and the wideness of reconstructed vagina, but the obtained values are still in the range of normal ones. Cytological differences between a reconstructed and the normal vagina were found. Conclusion. A reconstructed vagina is smaller than the normal one regarding depth and width, but within the range of normal values. A split skin graft used in the reconstruction, keeps its own cytological, i.e. histological and, so, biological characteristics.
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Nazneen, Most Afroza, Tania Afrin Tisha, and Summi Leonard Keya. "Reconstruction of Vagina with Bilateral Pudendal Thigh Flap: A Solution for Atresia/ Agenesis of Vagina." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 36, no. 2 (2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v36i2.71252.
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Reconstruction of vagina is a technically challenging surgery. The aim is to create a functionally and aesthetically satisfactory neovagina in a way that will be reliable and suitable for most atients. Use of bilateral udendal thigh fla to create a neovagina may overthrow the conventional methods as there is no necessity for osto erative dilation or vaginal intercourse to maintain adequate vaginal length and diameter. Vaginal reconstruction was done with bilateral udendal thigh fla s, in seven atients with vaginal agenesis, during 2 years, from July 2021 to June 2023. This method of vagino lasty is sim le, safe, and reliable and has shown satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The reconstructed vagina has a natural angle and is sensate in its lower art. No osto erative stenting or dilatation is required. The donor site can be closed rimarily and the scar is well hidden in the groin crease. TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 11-16
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Bunster, Eduardo, Enrique López, and José Cano. "Tratamiento de las aplasias, atresias e hipoplasias vaginales con falos acrílicos." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 4, no. 2 (2015): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v4i1168.
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Consideramos brevemente nueve casos de pacientes operadas por defectos congénitos o adquiridos de la vagina en que se usaron falos acrílicos para mantener el lumen vaginal. En tres casos se usó el procedimiento de Kirschner-Wagner para crear neo-vaginas. En algunas pacientes se asoció a la intervención quirúrgica la administración de cortisona para disminuir la tendencia natural a la retracción de las paredes vaginales, de estrógenos y de vitaminas A para activar la nutrición y cicatrización de la mucosa vaginal o de los injertos de Thiersh colocados en la neo-vagina. La mortalidad ha sido nula y la morbilidad escasa y de poca importancia.
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Parr, Earl L., and Margaret B. Parr. "Immunoglobulin G, Plasma Cells, and Lymphocytes in the Murine Vagina after Vaginal or Parenteral Immunization with Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (1998): 5137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.5137-5145.1998.
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ABSTRACT This investigation evaluated immunity to vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection after local or parenteral immunization with attenuated HSV-2. Vaginal immunization induced sterilizing immunity against challenge with a high dose of wild-type virus, whereas parenteral immunizations protected against neurologic disease but did not entirely prevent infection of the vagina. Vaginal immunization caused 86- and 31-fold increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) plasma cells in the vagina at 6 weeks and 10 months after immunization, whereas parenteral immunizations did not increase plasma cell numbers in the vagina. Vaginal secretion/serum titer ratios and specific antibody activities in vaginal secretions and serum indicated that IgG viral antibody was produced in the vagina and released into vaginal secretions at 6 weeks and 10 months after vaginal immunization but not after parenteral immunizations. In contrast to the case for plasma cells, the numbers of T and B lymphocytes in the vagina were similar in vaginally and parenterally immunized mice. Also, lymphocyte numbers in the vagina were markedly but similarly increased by vaginal challenge with HSV-2 in both vaginally and parenterally immunized mice. Lymphocyte recruitment to the vagina after virus challenge appeared to involve memory lymphocytes, because it was not observed in nonimmunized mice. Thus, local vaginal immunization with attenuated HSV-2 increased the number of IgG plasma cells in the vagina and increased vaginal secretion/serum titer ratios to 3.0- to 4.7-fold higher than in parenterally immunized groups but caused little if any selective homing of T and B lymphocytes to the vagina.
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Gruzdev, V. "Stopping postpartum hemorrhage according to Henkel." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 3 (2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76486.
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According to Zrmmermann's (ref. Zentr. F. Gyn, 1923, No. 26), the technique of this method is as follows: the bladder is emptied by catheterization; the vagina is opened with anterior and posterior spoon-shaped mirrors, the vaginal part is captured with bullet forceps and is brought down from the introitus vaginae; then the vaginal part is pulled to one side, and the wall of the vagina to the other, with the help of a lateral mirror, and the parametrium is strained; after taking the Museau forceps, the doctor applies them, sticking in the sleeve wall as high as possible, onto the uterine rib and squeezes; the same is done on the other side.
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Betova, Tatyana, Radoslav Trifonov, Savelina Popovska, et al. "Primary Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Type—Clinical, Radiological and Morphological Aspects." Medicina 60, no. 4 (2024): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040525.
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Background and Objectives: Neoplasms of the vagina are rare and account for 1–2% of all tumors of the female reproductive system. Primary neoplasms of the vagina are most often carcinomas originating from squamous or glandular epithelium. Of the primary glandular tumors, clear cell, endometrioid, and serous adenocarcinomas are the most common types, while mucinous and mesonephric types are very rare. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is histologically subclassified into endocervical and intestinal types. We add to the existing literature another case of an extremely rare gynecological neoplasm—primary vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma (PVMAC) intestinal type associated with vaginal villous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. We discuss the clinical, radiological and morphological features of this rare entity. Materials and Methods: We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with PVMAC intestinal type associated with vaginal villous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. The patient was evaluated with a gynecological exam, and biopsy, curettage and tumor excision were performed. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, at the level of the pelvis, supported the primary location of the disease. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied. Results: The gynecological examination of the vagina revealed an exophytic polypoid mass with a diameter of 3 cm, located on the posterior wall, in the area of introitus vaginae. The PET/CT scan revealed a hypermetabolic malignant formation involving the vagina and anal canal, without evidence of pelvic and inguinal lymphadenopathy, and also, it excluded disease at sites other than the vagina. The histological and immunohistochemical investigations, as well as the clinical and radiological data, lent support to the diagnosis “primary vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma intestinal type”. Conclusions: PVMAC intestinal type is a rare gynecological pathology, which presents a serious challenge for oncogynecologists, radiologists and pathologists.
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Ali Adwal Ali, Khalida M. Amin, Emil N. AZZO, and Ayla K. Kahya. "Absent vagina a description of cases with varied ages, presentations and reconstructions." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2019): 1741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1365.
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The aim is to describe cases of vaginal agenesis of varied ages presentations and managements and report the outcome of interventions regarding restoration of continuity of reproductive tract and normal sexual activity. A prospective descriptive case series study. Five female patients with vaginal agenesis were recruited from November 2005 to November 2016. Three were adolescents and had a functioning uterus. Three patients underwent vaginoplasty using McIndoe method, one had vagino-vaginal anastomosis, and the other had hysterectomy to remove source of menstruation. Age ranged from 12 to 24 years. The outcome of vaginoplasties to the 2 young females and to one of the adolescent girls was adequate vagina, whereas the other 2 adolescent girls had failed redo vaginoplasty and ended with a patent narrowed vagina in one and a closed vagina in the other which required a hysterectomy. On Follow up (range 5 - 42 months) 2 of the adolescent’s girls had regular menstruation with no pain and pelvic collection, while the third one had amenorrhoea following a hysterectomy. The 3 patients who had successful vaginoplasty got married and enjoyed satisfactory intercourse. Patients with absent vagina presents at variable ages depending on whether a functioning uterus is present or not. The success of vaginoplasty is less when it has to be done in adolescence than when it is done in adulthood when patient is grown-up. Best outcomes require accumulative experience, ideally with the aid of doctors of other specialties.
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Rasad, Siti Darodjah, and Rangga Setiawan. "Cytological Characteristics of Mucose Cell and Vaginal Temperature and pH During Estrous Cycle in Local Sheep." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 19, no. 1 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2017.19.1.584.
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Aim of this study was to examine the characteristics cytology of mucous cell-,temperature- and pH vagina during estrous cycle in local sheep. 31local sheep were synchronized with vaginal sponge consist of 20 mg progesterone hormone before carried out observations of cytology of cells from the vaginal mucose through vaginal swabs, temperature and pH of the vagina. Vaginal swabs were collected daily at 7 am for a weeks.Vaginal temperature and pH measurement is carried out twice a day, at 07.00 am and 15.00 pm for a weeks after vaginal swabs. Smears of the swab were then prepared on glass slide and they were stained with Giemsa. Vaginal epithelial cells; Parabasal, intermediate and superficial cells were counted and their percentages during pro-estrous, estrous and di-estrous were determined. Di-estrous was characterized by the absent of superficial cells in the epithelial vagina. Pro-estrous was characterized by the increasing progressively of intermediate/superficial cells in epithelial vagina, whereas estrous was characterized by the presence of superficial/cornification cells in most epithelial vagina. Based on the dominance of superficial cell, the number of sheep identified as estrous is highest on third day, with 52%. Observation on vaginal temperature also resulting that the highest temperature values obtained on the third day of 39,08±0.28°C. It could be effected of the vaginal pH during the observation. Underthe influence ofestrogen, the epithelial vaginalcellssynthesizeand accumulateglycogenin large quantitiesdepositedin the lumen ofvagina. Vaginal bacteriametabolizethe glycogenformlactic acid, which causesvaginal pHis low.The pH conditions prevent from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. Increased estrogenal so cause cell proliferation through the thickening of the epithelium lining of the vagina so that the cells differentiate.Increasing of glycogenin the superficial cells, and ceratin cells found in the cytoplasm of cells, as well as acidic pH in the lumen vagina causing changes in the chemical composition of each cell (Zaid, 2011).It can be concluded that during estrous phase, cytology of vaginal mucose cell is dominated by superficial cell and vaginal temperature is increasing as well as pH of vagina.
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Park, Sung-Ho, Eun Sil Lee, Sung Taek Park, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of MED-01 Probiotics on Vaginal Health: A 12-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (2023): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020331.
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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common disease in women of childbearing age and is caused by the growth of abnormal microbiota in the vagina. Probiotic consumption can be an effective alternative treatment to preserve or improve vaginal health. In the present study, MED-01, a complex of five strains of probiotic candidates isolated from the vagina of Korean women, was used. This study was designed as a 12-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MED-01 on vaginal health. A total of 101 reproductive-aged women with a Nugent score of 4–6 took MED-01 (5.0 × 109 CFU) or a placebo once a day, and 76 participants completed the procedure. MED-01 significantly reduced the Nugent score compared with the placebo. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that Lactobacillus plantarum was significantly increased in the vagina, whereas harmful bacteria such as Mobiluncus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae were suppressed after 12 weeks of MED-01 ingestion. No adverse events to the test food supplements were observed in the participants. These results confirmed that MED-01 can be used as a probiotic for treating BV, as it improves the vaginal microbiota.
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Utama, Bobby Indra, and Ermawati Ermawati. "SEPTUM VAGINA TRANSVERSA." JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 1, no. 2 (2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.1.2.80-85.2017.
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The vagina is a membranous muscular tube that connects the vulva and uterus. Congenital or congenital abnormalities in the form of complete or partial absence of the vagina (vaginal agenesis). Patients who experience vaginal agenesis have less frequency, namely 1 in 4000 births, 1 in 4000 to 10,000 births (ACOG). Meanwhile in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta from 1995 to 1999, an average of 10-12 cases per year. It has been reported the case of a female patient aged 14 years who entered the Gynecology Ward Dr. M. Djamil Padang on January 25, 2014 at 11.00 WIB with a delivery from the RSMJ gyn clinic with a diagnosis of transverse vaginal septum + hematometra + hematotrachelos + hematokolpos planned for a septal incision. After performing the operative action, ± 500 cc of blackish brown liquid was successfully removed.Keywords: Agenesis Vagina, TVS, Tranverse Septum Vagina, Case Report
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Basha, Maureen, Edward F. LaBelle, Gina M. Northington, Tanchun Wang, Alan J. Wein, and Samuel Chacko. "Functional significance of muscarinic receptor expression within the proximal and distal rat vagina." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 5 (2009): R1486—R1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90516.2008.
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Information regarding the role of cholinergic nerves in mediating vaginal smooth muscle contraction is sparse, and in vitro studies of the effects of muscarinic agonists on vaginal smooth muscle are discrepant. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of muscarinic receptors in the vaginal wall of the rat. In addition, we sought to determine the effect of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol on contractility and inositol phosphate production of the proximal and distal rat vaginal muscularis. RT-PCR analysis indicated that both M2 and M3 receptor transcripts were expressed within the proximal and distal rat vagina. Carbachol dose-dependently (10−7–10−4 M) contracted the rat vaginal muscularis with a greater maximal contractile response in the proximal vagina ( P < 0.01) compared with the distal vagina. The contractile responses of the rat vaginal muscularis to carbachol were dose dependently inhibited by the M3 antagonist para-fluoro-hexahydrosiladefenidol, and a pKB of 7.78 and 7.95 was calculated for the proximal and distal vagina, respectively. Inositol phosphate production was significantly increased in both regions of the vagina following 20-min exposure to 50 μM carbachol with higher levels detected in the proximal vagina compared with the distal ( P < 0.05). Preliminary experiments indicated the presence of M2 and M3 receptors in the human vaginal muscularis as well as contraction of human vaginal muscularis to carbachol, indicating that our animal studies are relevant to human tissue. Our results provide strong evidence for the functional significance of M3 receptor expression in the vaginal muscularis.
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Baziad, Ali. "Diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopause." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 2 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i2.4563.
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Objective: To review the diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopausal womenMethods: Literature reviewResults: Lack of estrogen negatively impacts the vagina and the urinary tract. The vagina becomes dry (atrophic) and then causing pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed in the form of vaginal dryness (75%), painful sexual intercourse (38%), itching and discharge complaints. Sometimes the patient complained pain in urinating, frequent night urination, in-continence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Mucose of the cervix, vagina and vulva are thin. Vagina can bleed easi-ly. Diagnosis can also be made by measuring the pH of the vagina by using litmus paper and vaginal cytology. The management involves administration of local estrogen treatment using weak estrogen (E3) in the form of a cream. E3 cream does not need to be combined with progestogen. Other type of local hormonal therapy (TH) is DHEA cream. Giving a strong estrogen (E2) or equin estrogen should always be combined with progestogen to prevent endometrium hyperplasia, either administered locally or systemically. E3 cream is also safe in women with breast cancer who experienced vaginal atrophy.Conclusion: Lack of estrogen causes vaginal atrophy with symptoms of vaginal dryness. Vaginal atrophy also causes urinary problems. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination of vaginal pH and vaginal cytology. The management is by adminis-tering HT with estrogen. E3 creams is the most effective in relieving complaints caused by vaginal dryness and complaints caused by the bladder.
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Baziad, Ali. "Diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopause." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 2 (2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i22016.70-73.
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Objective: To review the diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopausal womenMethods: Literature reviewResults: Lack of estrogen negatively impacts the vagina and the urinary tract. The vagina becomes dry (atrophic) and then causing pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed in the form of vaginal dryness (75%), painful sexual intercourse (38%), itching and discharge complaints. Sometimes the patient complained pain in urinating, frequent night urination, in-continence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Mucose of the cervix, vagina and vulva are thin. Vagina can bleed easi-ly. Diagnosis can also be made by measuring the pH of the vagina by using litmus paper and vaginal cytology. The management involves administration of local estrogen treatment using weak estrogen (E3) in the form of a cream. E3 cream does not need to be combined with progestogen. Other type of local hormonal therapy (TH) is DHEA cream. Giving a strong estrogen (E2) or equin estrogen should always be combined with progestogen to prevent endometrium hyperplasia, either administered locally or systemically. E3 cream is also safe in women with breast cancer who experienced vaginal atrophy.Conclusion: Lack of estrogen causes vaginal atrophy with symptoms of vaginal dryness. Vaginal atrophy also causes urinary problems. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination of vaginal pH and vaginal cytology. The management is by adminis-tering HT with estrogen. E3 creams is the most effective in relieving complaints caused by vaginal dryness and complaints caused by the bladder.
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Pamudji, Raden, Nia Ayu Saraswati, Windy Ulfa Gialini, and Mitayani Purwoko. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA CARA MENCUCI VAGINA DENGAN TIMBULNYA VAGINITIS PADA PELAJAR SMA." Syifa' MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/sm.v10i1.1887.
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Vaginal hygiene kemungkinan memiliki peranan penting dalam timbulnya vaginitis. Cara mencuci vagina yang tidak benar dapat menyebabkan timbulnya vaginitis pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara cara mencuci vagina dengan timbulnya vaginitis pada pelajar SMA.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatancross sectional.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total samplingsesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data mengenai cara mencuci vagina dan vaginitis diperoleh dari kuesioner.Sebanyak 83,3% subjek termasuk kategori cara mencuci vagina yang buruk, 73,5% berusia 17 tahun, dan 66,7% memiliki riwayat vaginitis. Hasil uji Chi-Square mengenai hubungan cara mencuci vagina dengan timbulnya vaginitis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Hal ini kemungkinan akibat faktor usia remaja, kelembaban Indonesia yang tinggi, serta tingkat pengetahuan mengenai vaginal hygieneyang masih rendah.Kesimpulan,terdapat hubungan yang sangat bermakna antara cara mencuci vagina yang buruk dengan timbulnya vaginitis pada pelajar SMA.
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Frenzia, Angela Frenzia. "Kontrol terhadap Tubuh Perempuan pada Praktik Rejuvenasi Vagina." Jurnal Kawistara 10, no. 2 (2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.55551.
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Vaginal rejuvenation has become a tradition among Indonesian women. The vaginal rejuvenation tradition was discovered in the Javanese kingdom era through traditional methods using vaginal evaporation and herbs. This tradition extends since the herbal medicine to dry and tighten the vagina, produced by the factory, and distributed to various regions in Indonesia. Traditional vaginal rejuvenation is still in demand and is carried out by Indonesian women to this day. Teenage women to married women consume traditional herbal vaginal seals. Many married women who choose to use a solid concoction “Tongkat Madura”, so it is faster to get the results of a dry and tight vagina. As the evolvement of medical technology, recently it is known well a treat to reconstruct the vagina by using laser technology or surgery which is called as vaginal rejuvenation. The woman who does this kind of treatment usually because they want to have an “ideal” vagina for the sake of harmonies sexual relations. The idea of this “dry and tight” vagina comes from generation to generation where every woman in Indonesia is thought to take treat their vagina carefully so that she can satisfy her sex partner. Derive from Foucault’s idea of political body technology and some ideas from feminists, this research is aimed to examine the inequity experienced by women in the practice of vaginal rejuvenation in Indonesia. This research is exploratory. The analysis was performed on the data in the form of observations and interviews. This research found inequities experienced by women in the form of objectification of the female body; women’s subordination; women suffer in the process of reconstruction of their bodies to fulfill men’s pleasures and rules in society.Keywords: Control toward Women; Gender; Patriarchal Constructions; Sexuality; Vaginal Rejuvenation.
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Tanaka, Yuji, Mayuko Nagasaka, Mariko Takahashi, and Masashi Kobayashi. "Rare Epithelioid Leiomyoma of the Vagina Exhibiting a Pelvic Mass." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2190135.
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Epithelioid leiomyoma of the vagina is extremely rare. Smooth muscle tumors of the vagina usually present with a submucosal growth pattern or a pedunculated growth pattern from the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal cavity. Here we report a case of a 43-year-old woman with a solid epithelioid leiomyoma and a palpable mass in the pouch of Douglas. Transvaginal biopsy and angiography showed the epithelioid leiomyoma feeding from the vaginal artery behind the posterior vagina. An abdominal wide excision of the tumor with a partial vaginectomy was performed. Our use of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy and angiography was useful for preoperative diagnosis of a vaginal epithelioid leiomyoma exhibiting a pelvic mass.
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Guo, Luopei, Chunbo Li, and Keqin Hua. "Occult vaginal cancer recurrence after hysterectomy: a case report and literature review." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 12 (2020): 030006052097390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520973901.
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Vaginal cancer is a rare disease of the lower genital tract. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with occult vaginal cancer after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III. Despite persistently negative cytology and colposcopy results, a lesion was finally detected by vagino-recto-abdominal examination and she underwent radical parametrectomy and lymph node dissection. We consider the possibility that transabdominal suturing of the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy may reduce the ability to detect subsequent vaginal lesions, and discuss the benefits of a vaginal suture approach. We recommend that suturing the vagina apex transvaginally instead of transabdominally would benefit patients during follow-up.
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Lуgуrda, N. F., V. S. Svintsitsky, and M. S. Krotevich. "Severe dysplasia of the epithelium of the cervix and intraepithelial carcinoma (CIN 3) with spreading to the vaults and walls of the vagina. Diagnosis and treatment." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(123) (September 30, 2017): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.123.123.
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The objective: to study and systematize the main clinical variants of CIN 3 with the spread of atypical epithelium to the vaults and walls of the vagina; to develop complex approaches to the treatment of patients with CIN 3 with the spread of atypical epithelium to the vaults and walls of the vagina with neoadjuvant therapy and surgical treatment; to study the therapeutic effectiveness of the use of a2b-interferon in the form of vaginal suppositories and Tyloron in the complex treatment of patients with CIN 3 with the spread of abnormal epithelium to the vaults and walls of the vagina during the first stage of complex drug treatment. Patients and methods. A survey of 62 patients with histologically verified CIN 3 with the spread of atypical epithelium to the vaults and walls of the vagina was carried out. At the stage of neoadjuvant etiotropic therapy, the patients were randomized into two groups. 31 patients were included in the main group (A), 31 patients were included in the control group (B). In group A, patients with neoadjuvant were given б2b-interferon at 500 000 IU in the form of vaginal suppositories twice a day for 14 days and a Tyloron 1 tablet 125 mg once a day in a day No.10. In group B, the standard therapy is intended for patients – an a2b-interferon of 500 000 IU in the form of vaginal suppositories twice a day for 14 days. The surgical stage of treatment was carried out in accordance with the clinical and histological diagnosis and the variant of the process spread to the walls of the vagina. Diathermoconization of the cervix and combined vaginal trachelectomy type A with resection of the upper third of the vagina were performed. Results. Three clinical variants of CIN 3 with spreading to the vaults and walls of the vagina were established. The first clinical variant – CIN 3 is localized to ectocervix, CIN 1–2 (IHC p16 negative) is localized on the vaults and walls of the vagina. The second clinical variant – CIN 3 is localized on ectocervix and extends to the vault and walls of the vagina. The third clinical variant – CIN 3 is localized on ectocervix and multicentric dissemination of CIN 3 – on vaults and walls of the vagina. The choice of an integrated treatment program with a surgical component depends on the clinical option. Conclusions. 1. Three clinical variants of CIN 3 with spreading to the vault and walls of the vagina have been established. Half the patients had the first clinical variant. 2. The main colposcopic signs of CIN 3 with spreading to the vaults and walls of the vagina: dense acetic-white epithelium, coarse mosaic, a sign of the internal border. 3. In 3 weeks after the course of treatment with neoadjuvant therapy in combination of Тyloron with a2b-interferon in the form of vaginal suppositories, it is possible to achieve from 85 to 100.0% positive dynamics, whereas in the traditional method of treatment, from 41 to 75%, which is statistically significant less (p<0.01). 4. The study showed that there is a relatively strong statistically significant association of neoadjuvant therapy using a combination of Tyloron with interferon-a2b suppositories in the complex treatment of CIN3 with spreading to the vault and vaginal walls compared to conventional therapy (c21=10.64; j=0.41; p<0.01). After three weeks, the positive dynamics in the main group (A) significantly increased (RR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.2; p<0.01). Key words: CIN 3, vaginal vault, vagina, trachelectomy, treatment.
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Pandey, Manisha, Hira Choudhury, Azila Abdul-Aziz, et al. "Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update." Polymers 13, no. 1 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010026.
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An optimal host–microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens, resulting in gynaecological issues. Vaginal infections that are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age, require an effective concentration of antimicrobial drugs at the infectious sites for complete disease eradication. Thus, topical treatment is recommended as it allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and side effects, and self-insertion. However, the alterations in the physiological conditions of the vagina affect the effectiveness of vaginal drug delivery considerably. Conventional vaginal dosage forms are often linked to low retention time in the vagina and discomfort which significantly reduces patient compliance. The lack of optimal prevention and treatment approaches have contributed to the unacceptably high rate of recurrence for vaginal diseases. To combat these limitations, several novel approaches including nano-systems, mucoadhesive polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive systems have been developed in recent years. This review discusses and summarises the recent research progress of these novel approaches for vaginal drug delivery against various vaginal diseases. An overview of the concept and challenges of vaginal infections, anatomy and physiology of the vagina, and barriers to vaginal drug delivery are also addressed.
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Herle, Koushik, and Harshjeet Singh Bal. "A Rare Cause of Vaginal Discharge in a Pre-Pubertal Girl." APSP Journal of Case Reports 8, no. 4 (2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/ajcr.v8i4.605.
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Vaginal discharge is not an uncommon gynaecological problem and is most commonly infective in origin. Foreign bodies in vagina are the most common non-infective cause of vaginal discharge. We report a case of 5-year-old girl with button battery in vagina causing walled off collection along with vaginal discharge. Child needed a laparotomy due to the dense synechiae caused by the battery leak.
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Kaunda, Eugine. "Hematometrocolpos secondary to distal vaginal obstruction following child birth: A Case Report from Monze Mission Hospital, Monze, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 1 (2021): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.1.761.
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Vaginal outlet obstruction commonly occurs with congenital anomalies resulting in accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina or both vagina and uterine cavity. Childbirth injuries such as cervical, vaginal and perineal lacerations as well as episiotomies are common and may result in complications like vaginal stenosis and excessive perineal scarring. Reported here is a rare case of complete occlusion of the vaginal introitus secondary to a badly healed injury resulting from childbirth.
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Kaunda, Eugine. "Hematometrocolpos secondary to distal vaginal obstruction following childbirth: A Case Report from Monze Mission Hospital, Monze, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 1 (2021): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.1.55.
Full textAbstract:
Vaginal outlet obstruction commonly occurs with congenital anomalies resulting in accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina or both vagina and uterine cavity. Childbirth injuries such as cervical, vaginal and perineal lacerations as well as episiotomies are common and may result in complications like vaginal stenosis and excessive perineal scarring. Reported here is a rare case of complete occlusion of the vaginal introitus secondary to a badly healed injury resulting from childbirth.
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Shravani P. and Savita S. Patil. "Sthanika Chikitsa in the geriatric women suffering from Dyspareunia – A Case Study." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.3.27.
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The etiological factor of Yoni Vyapat are mainly due to the vitiation of Doshas, among which Paripluta Yoni Vyapat is due to the vitiation of Vata Dosha, which can be correlated to Dyspareunia. Dyspareunia means the coital act is difficult and or painful. There is different etiology depending upon the site of pain, out of which Vagina Atrophy prevalence of 67.5% associated with vaginal dryness – 62%, itching 40%. For the better and fruitful result Sthanika Chikitsa (local therapies) has been enumerated as an important part of Yoni Vyapad Chikitsa, which includes Yoni Parisheka (cleansing of vagina), Yoni Abhyanga (massaging of vagina with medicated oil), Yoni Pralepa (semisolid drug applied on the vaginal wall), Yoni Pichudharana (medicated soaked tampon place in vagina). Case Study: A female aged 49 years, approached OPD complaining of painful coitus along with dryness and itching of vagina, which increased after her menopause. The condition was treated with Sthanika Chikitsa followed by internal medications.
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Iswara, Raja AW, Andon Hestiantoro, Yuli Budiningsih, et al. "Effect of pH and neutrophil count on the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of candidiasis rat models." Narra J 4, no. 2 (2024): e823. http://dx.doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i2.823.
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Sexual violence is a global issue affecting individuals regardless of their relationship to the perpetrator or the setting. Microscopic examination of spermatozoa from vaginal swabs is crucial in investigating cases of sexual intercourse to determine the time of the crime. Factors such as vaginal pH and neutrophil count influence the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina, particularly in conditions like candidiasis, highlighting the need for further research in this area. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH and neutrophil count on the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina with candidiasis. An experimental study was conducted using white rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain, with four male rats providing spermatozoa samples and 32 female rats receiving treatment. The female rats were divided into two groups: the normal group and the candidiasis model group. In both groups, the female rats were given vaginal insemination of spermatozoa. Variables measured included pH, neutrophil count, motility, and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, followed by the Spearman correlation test. The findings revealed that spermatozoa motility lasted up to three minutes in normal rats, whereas in the candidiasis model, it was reduced to two minutes. Additionally, spermatozoa persistence in the vagina lasted up to six days in the normal group compared to up to three days in the candidiasis model. There were significant differences in pH, neutrophil count, motility, and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina between the normal group and the candidiasis model (all had p<0.001). There was a correlation between pH and neutrophil count with the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the rat’s vagina (p<0.001). In conclusion, vaginal pH and neutrophil count influence the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of candidiasis rat models.
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Seepana, Sreekala, and Sudhakar Allamsetty. "Vaginal Discharge." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 2, no. 9 (2009): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inp128.
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Vaginal discharge is a common presenting symptom encountered in day-to-day practice. From the time of puberty, the vagina is colonized by lactobacilli and other bacteria. Commensal lactobacilli metabolize glycogen in the vaginal epithelium to produce lactic acid, maintaining an acidic environment in the vagina (pH less than 4.5) and providing defence against infection.
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Da Silva Tavares, Tatiane Eni, and Fernanda Pires Ohlweiler. "Histological aspects of the penial complex and vagina of taxa of the Biomphalaria tenagophila complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae)." Biotemas 35, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2022.e82713.
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Histological studies were carried out with 49 specimens; 18 Biomphalaria tenagophila guaibensis, 19 B. t. tenagophila and 12 B. occidentalis, collected in 10 municipalities in the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study considered histological aspects of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the histological features of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex of B. t. tenagophila, B. t. guaibensis and B. occidentalis. The lining epithelial tissue and muscular tissue of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex show a similar pattern in B. t. tenagophila, B. t. guaibensis and B. occidentalis, except for the intermediate muscular layer of the prepuce, which distinguishes B. t. guaibensis from the other two taxa. Histological studies on the penial complex and vagina region of other Biomphalaria species are necessary to confirm the taxonomic value of these two regions, in order to contribute to the group’s systematics.
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Triza, Kumar Lakshman, and Tagore Divya. "Unveiling the Vaginal Myoma Camouflage: An Interesting Rare Case Report." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 4 (2024): 797–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11179849.
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Leiomyoma in vagina are rare occurrences with very small number of cases reported in literature. It has various clinical manifestations depending on the size and location of the vagina. Here, we report a case of a 37 year old lady who presented to our OPD with complaints of mass per vagina since 6 months with complaints of dyspareunia and no urinary symptoms. On local examination, a mass of size 4 x 4 cm noted in the anterior vaginal wall pushing the external urinary meatus to the right side. MRI imaging revealed a well-defined heterogeneously enhancing lesion measuring 3.2 x 3.7x 2.7 cm involving the left lateral and anterior wall of lower vagina- likely leiomyoma. Surgical excision of the tumor was done. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma.
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Madjid, Tita Husnitawati, Nurlina Juniar, Dian Tjahyadi, et al. "Maturation of Vaginal Epithelium and Dyspareunia Symptoms in Equol Producing and Non-Producing Menopausal Women." Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 3, no. 1 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/obgynia.v3i1.194.
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Introduction: Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavon called daidzein which is produced by gastrointestinal tract bacteria. This research aims to analyze the maturation of vaginal epithelium and dyspareunia symptoms in producing and non-producing equol menopausal women.Method: This is a cross sectional research. Subject was a community of menopausal women who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to sign a written informed consent. Subjects underwent vaginal epithelium maturation assessment and were asked whether she experienced dyspareunia. Research was conducted in January 2017.Result: There was a significant difference on the maturation of vaginal epithelium and dyspareunia symptoms between equol producing and non-producing women (p < 0.05). This research found that in equol producing menopausal women, there was a shift-to-the-right vaginal epithelium maturation with more superficial cells compared to parabasal cells produced and less dyspareunia. Meanwhile, in women who did not produce equol, there was a shift-to-the-left vaginal epithelium maturation with more parabasal cells compared to superficial cells produced and more dyspareunia.Conclusion: In equol producing menopausal women, vaginal epithelium will undergo a shift-to-the-right maturation, with more superficial cells produced compared to women who did not produce equol.Maturasi Epitel Vagina dan Gejala Dispareunia pada Wanita Menopause yang Menghasilkan Equol dan Wanita yang Tidak Menghasilkan EquolAbstrakPendahuluan: Equol adalah metabolit isoflavon kedelai yang disebut daidzein yang diproduksi oleh bakteri saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis maturasi epitel vagina dan gejala dispareunia pada wanita menopause yang memproduksi dan tidak memproduksi equol.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah sekelompok wanita menopause yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek diminta untuk menandatangani persetujuan tertulis dan menjalani penilaian maturasi epitel vagina dan ditanya apakah mengalami dispareunia. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari 2017.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada maturasi epitel vagina dan gejala dispareunia antara wanita yang memproduksi equol dan yang tidak memproduksi (p <0,05). Pada wanita menopause yang memproduksi equol, terjadi pematangan epitel vagina shift-to-the-right disertai produksi sel superfisial yang lebih banyak dibandingkan sel parabasal dan lebih sedikit gejala dispareunia. Sementara itu, pada wanita yang tidak menghasilkan equol, terjadi pergeseran shift-to-the-left maturasi epitel vagina dengan produksi sel parabasal lebih banyak dibandingkan sel superfisial dan lebih sering gejala dispareunia.Kesimpulan: Wanita menopause yang memproduksi equol mengalami maturasi epitel vagina shift-to-the-right disertai produksi sel superfisial yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan wanita menopause yang tidak memproduksi equol.Kata kunci: Dyspareunia; equol; maturasi epitel vagina
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Marien, Helena, Natascha Gundling, Wolfgang Hasseler, Maren Feldmann, Kathrin Herzog, and Martina Hoedemaker. "Do Calving-Related Injuries of the Vestibulum Vaginae and the Vagina Affect the Reproductive Performance in Primiparous Dairy Cows?" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 1 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010043.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calving-related injuries of the vestibulum vaginae and the vagina on fertility measures in heifers. German Holstein heifers (n = 236) were checked for vestibulum vaginae and vaginal injuries. These were scored according to localization, depth and length. The healing process was assessed until day 42 post partum. Calving ease and the occurrence of metritis and endometritis were evaluated. In 160 heifers, the following fertility measures were calculated to assess the reproductive performance of heifers: mean interval from calving to first insemination, mean days open, mean interval from first insemination to conception, mean calving interval, mean pregnancy index, percentage of animals pregnant at 200 days p.p., and first service conception rate. On the one hand, dystocia was a risk factor for injuries of the soft birth canal, and, on the other hand, those injuries were a risk factor for metritis and endometritis. In this study, calving-related injuries of the vestibulum vaginae and the vagina had no statistically significant effect on the reproductive performance of heifers. One reason for this outcome was probably the overall good healing tendencies of those injuries in heifers.
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Lykke, Malene Risager, Naja Becher, Thor Haahr, Ebbe Boedtkjer, Jørgen Skov Jensen, and Niels Uldbjerg. "Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020090.
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Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.
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Gonzales-Montúfar, Frida, Juana Vera Vera, Mario Gamarra Paredes, Manuel Fernández López, and Elmer Céspedes Mendoza. "Cáncer de vagina: reporte de un caso." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 65, no. 3 (2019): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v66i2198.
Full textAbstract:
El cáncer de vagina tiene una baja incidencia en la población femenina. Una mujer de 77 años acudió al hospital con antecedentes de sangrado vaginal posmenopáusico y diagnóstico inicial de cáncer de cérvix. Se le realizó biopsia vaginal por lesión ulcerada exofítica de 3 x 2 cm en el tercio superior de la pared vaginal posterior, cuyo resultado patológico fue cáncer escamoso pobremente diferenciado de la vagina. La patología de la pieza operatoria mostró carcinoma de células escamosas, infiltrante, no queratinizante, medianamente diferenciado de vagina. Presentamos el caso, en el que pudo haber confusión en el diagnóstico y/o manejo por la similitud de la sintomatología con el cáncer de cuello uterino, debido a la localización anatómica y la proximidad de ambos tejidos.
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Brito, Nara Macedo Botelho, Rita de Kássia Vidigal Carvalho, Lia Tavares de Moura Brasil Matos, Rodolfo Costa Lobato, and Rosângela Baía Brito. "The oophorectomy effect on Walker 256 tumor inoculated into the vagina and uterine cervix of female rats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 24, no. 1 (2009): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502009000100006.
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PURPOSE: Verify the effect of oophorectomy on the evolution of the Walker 256 tumor inoculated into the vagina and cervix of female rats. METHODS: Ten Wistar, female rats were used, distributed into two groups with 05 animals each: Tumor group (TG): Rats inoculated with Walker 256 tumor; Oophorectomy group (OG): oophorectomized rats inoculated with Walker 256 tumor. The day before the tumor vaginal inoculation, acetic acid was inoculated into the vaginas of both groups of rats; the following day, the vaginal walls were scarified with an endocervix brush, and then Walker 256 tumor was inoculated. After 12 days, the tumor was removed together with the vagina and uterine horns for macro and microscopic analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analyses. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups; however it was observed that the behavior of tumor growth on the OG group presented greater invasion, compromising the uterine horns. CONCLUSION: The results of the study on the GO group presented a macroscopic behavior different from the TG group, however, both of them presented similar development in terms of tumor mass.
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Hussin, A. M. "The histological effects of vitamin A supplement on the vaginal epithelial cells during estrus and luteal phases in Awassi sheep." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9, no. 2 (2010): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol9iss2art108.
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This study was carried out on the vaginal epithelium of eight Awassi ewes during estrus and luteal phases in order to evaluate the histological effect of vitamin A on the vaginal epithelium, vaginal smears were taken and stained by methylene blue. Light microscope was used in examination of slides. The present result revealed that vitamin A stimulated the process of keratinization which in turn raised the immune response of the vagina. The process of keratinization formed a sheet of strongly attached polygonal cells which lines the vagina. Moreover, the most striking conclusion from this study was the indication to the period of arrival of the neutrophils from the blood to the vaginal epithelium which lasts more than six hours. These observations indicate the importance of vitamin A in proliferation, keratinization and increase cellular immunity of the vagina.
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Yamada, S., J. Mizoguchi, and T. Ohtaki. "Effect of oestrogen on Pasteurella pneumotropica in rat vagina." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (1986): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865700.
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The effects of ovarian hormones on the vaginal population of Pasteurella pneumotropica in rats were investigated. Specified-pathogen-free adult female Wistar-Imamichi rats with a 4 day oestrous cycle were inoculated with P. pneumotropica in the vagina. Cyclic changes in the vaginal population of P. pneumotropica were not observed in ovariectomized rats and the bacterial population was at a similar level to that at normal dioestrus. Administration of oestrogen to ovariectomized rats caused an increase in the numbers of P. pneumotropica and total bacteria in the vagina nearly equal to that at oestrus in intact rats. The numbers of these organisms in the vagina of ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone did not change and were similar to those of control ovariectomized rats treated with sesame oil. Vaginal smears of ovariectomized rats treated with oestrogen were characterized by abundant cornified non-nucleated epithelial cells with many adherent Gram-negative coccobacilli and were similar to smears from intact rats at oestrus. These findings suggest that the proliferation of P. pneumotropica at oestrus in rat vagina may be primarily due to the environment provided by the degeneration of vaginal epithelial cells promoted by oestrogen secretion from the ovaries.
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Argaheni, Niken Bayu, Anis Suryaningsih, and Cahyaning Setyo Hutomo. "Effect of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) on Leucorrhea." Jurnal Kebidanan 13, no. 1 (2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jk.13.1.2024.59-66.
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Women have many problems in the area vagina. Most cases that occur are vaginal discharge. Leucorrhoea or in medical language called flour albus is the exit excessive fluid from the vagina. This study to determine the effect of red betel on vaginal discharge. Systematic review using the database: Google Scholar. The search results that meet the criteria are then analyzed for articles. The result shows that water red betel leaf stew can overcome vaginal discharge experienced by women.
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Gatel, L., G. Gory, B. De Pauw, and D. N. Rault. "Diagnosis and ultrasound-guided retrieval of a vaginal foreign body in a dog and a cat." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 83, no. 2 (2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v83i2.16656.
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In this case report, the diagnosis and ultrasound-guided retrieval of an intravaginal grass awn in a dog and a cat are described. The dog was presented with chronic vaginal discharge for over two years. The cat was presented for acute lethargy and bloody vaginal discharge and a two-week history of a perivulvar leakage. Ultrasonographic diagnosis included the visualization of a linear, hyperechoic and spindle-shaped structure and mild thickness of the vagina. The grass awns were successfully retrieved non-invasively, under general anesthesia using ultrasoundguided Hartmann forceps inserted into the vagina. Ultrasound-guided grass awn retrieval from the vagina appears to be a safe and inexpensive procedure.
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Bryś, Magdalena, Krzysztof Szytto, Hanna Romanowicz-Makowska, Zbigniew Dobrowolski, Izabela Mastowska, and Wanda Krajewska. "xpression of estrogen and progesterone receptor genes in endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women treated with estriol." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 127, no. 3 (2009): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802009000300004.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Estriol is an estrogen with considerably weaker stimulatory effects on endometrial proliferation than estradiol. A study was conducted to determine the level of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in women who received 14-day vaginal estriol therapy, compared with those who did not receive this therapy. ER and PR gene expression was analyzed in the endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women treated with estriol. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, at the Research Institute of the Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland. METHODS: Twenty-seven postmenopausal women (57-74 years of age) were included in the study. All of them were waiting for per vaginam hysterectomy or plastic surgery on the vagina and perineum because of uterine prolapse. ER and PR gene expression was determined by means of the technique of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In the estriol-treated patients, in comparison with the control group, a significant increase in ER gene expression was observed in the endometrium and vagina, while enhanced PR gene expression was found in the endometrium. However, under histological examination of the endometrium, estrogen stimulation of low and medium degree was diagnosed for 21.4% and 14.3% of the estriol-treated women, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that the women who received 14 days of treatment with vaginal estriol had higher ER and PR mRNA levels. No difference between these groups regarding endometrial proliferation was observed.
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Grau, Yves, Jean-Marc Reichhart, and Jean Thiebold. "Growth stimulation of the immature chick oviduct by androgens: the vagina as a new target tissue." Development 85, no. 1 (1985): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.85.1.81.
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Testosterone when injected alone stimulates growth of the vagina but is inactive upon the other segments of the oviduct of the immature chicken. This action of testosterone can already be detected in embryos: it is expressed by the beginning of differentiation of the vaginal mesenchyme cells into smooth muscle cells. In the treated immature chicken, stimulation of growth is considerable and is specifically caused by androgens (testosterone and 5-α-dihydrotestosterone); the vaginal mesenchyme differentiates into two smooth muscular layers and vaginal epithelium cells differentiate into ciliated cells and goblets cells. [3H]testosterone binding has been found in the vagina of the immature chicken (data not shown). The characteristics of testosterone binding to cytoplasmic components of the chick vagina are consistent with its identity as a testosterone receptor.
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Baba, Sule Muhammad. "A Case of Congenital Urethrovaginal Fistula in a Female Child with Suspected Imperforate Hymen: A Case Report." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/145.
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Urethrovaginal fistula is an abnormal communication between the urethra and vagina. Urethrovaginal fistula results in urinary incontinence with urine continually leaking from the vagina. In children congenital anomaly may also be the cause. Congenital Urethrovaginal fistula is an extremely rare genitourinary anomaly. The reported five cases in the literature are all associated with urogenital abnormalities like vaginal septum, vaginal agenesis and imperforate hymen. We present a case of a 7-year-old female that was referred from a peripheral hospital for micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) on account of urinary incontinence and passage of urine from vaginal orifice. Following MCUG the urethra, proximal fistula between the urethra and vagina, distended urinary bladder, contrast opacified uterus and a fallopian tube were all demonstrated. We report this case because of its rarity in the literature.
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Ishrat, Shakeela, Farzana Deeba, Shaheen Ara Anwary, Jesmine Banu, and Parveen Fatima. "Nonsurgical Management of Mullerian Agenesis with Saline Injection and Sustained Digital Pressure: A Case Series." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 36, no. 1 (2023): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v36i1.65982.
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When a woman with mullerian agenesis presents with blind or absent vagina, management options include surgical vaginoplasty or non surgical self dilatation. Vaginal dilation should be the first line management of mullerian agenesis. Because of the need for motivated, mature patients and long term dilatation and follow up, gynecologists usually go for surgical vaginoplasty. We tried a novel approach to nonsurgical dilation of vagina in the cases of mullerian agenesis. We injected normal saline into the potential space of vagina between urethra and rectum and applied digital pressure daily for 14-15 days. This procedure created a vaginal space which was to be further dilated by regular coitus and/ or vaginal dilators. We are presenting here a series of three cases of mullerian agenesis managed by non surgical vaginal dilatation, facilitated by prior saline injection and sustained digital pressure.
 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021; Vol. 36(1): 65-68
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Agouzzal, A. A., M. Bennani, S. Barkiche, et al. "Vaginal Malignant Melanoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 13, no. 05 (2025): 1291–94. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2025.v13i05.136.
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The authors report a case of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina in a patient 60 years old, revealed by with autopalpation of a vaginal mass 18 months after radical surgery for right lobular carcinoma under adjuvant hormone therapy. Gynaecological examination revealed a vegetative pigmented tumour in the lower third of the posterior wall of the vagina measuring 2 × 2 cm with no cervical involvement, biopsied as a malignant melanoma. A search for metastases was negative, leading to the conclusion of malignant melanoma. a primary malignant melanoma of the vagina classified as FIGO stage II. The patient underwent a local excision of the vaginal melanoma with detachment of the recto vaginal cul de sac by prior laparoscopy. Adjuvant External radiotherapy was delivered at a dose of 46 Gy at pelvic level, with a complement by vaginal cutherapie at the dose of 11 gy in 2 fraction.
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Masaoka, Miya. "The Vagina Is the Third Ear." TDR/The Drama Review 64, no. 1 (2020): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00909.
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The vagina resembles the fleshy folds of the ear without the cartilage. Like the Third Eye, the Third Ear connotes a supernatural ability of intuition, perception. Female sexuality is broadened and expanded, as the vagina is reimagined and reclaimed from previous definitions. Performances with vibrating surfaces and internal vaginal microphones sonify and activate the vagina in real time. This sonic reveal of female body parts asserts a political radicality beyond the gallery or concert hall.
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Zahran, Kamal Mohamad, and Wail Saad Eldin. "Pinhole Vagina Following Mismanaged Vaginal Delivery." Journal of Gynecologic Surgery 26, no. 4 (2010): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gyn.2009.0102.
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Boskey, E. R., K. M. Telsch, K. J. Whaley, T. R. Moench, and R. A. Cone. "Acid Production by Vaginal Flora In Vitro Is Consistent with the Rate and Extent of Vaginal Acidification." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (1999): 5170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5170-5175.1999.
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Perinatally, and between menarche and menopause, increased levels of estrogen cause large amounts of glycogen to be deposited in the vaginal epithelium. During these times, the anaerobic metabolism of the glycogen, by the epithelial cells themselves and/or by vaginal flora, causes the vagina to become acidic (pH ∼4). This study was designed to test whether the characteristics of acid production by vaginal flora in vitro can account for vaginal acidity. Eight vaginalLactobacillus isolates from four species—L. gasseri, L. vaginalis, L. crispatus, andL. jensenii—acidified their growth medium to an asymptotic pH (3.2 to 4.8) that matches the range seen in theLactobacillus-dominated human vagina (pH 3.6 to 4.5 in most women) (B. Andersch, L. Forssman, K. Lincoln, and P. Torstensson, Gynecol. Obstet. Investig. 21:19–25, 1986; L. Cohen, Br. J. Vener. Dis. 45:241–246, 1969; J. Paavonen, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 40:31–35, 1983; C. Tevi-Bénissan, L. Bélec, M. Lévy, V. Schneider-Fauveau, A. Si Mohamed, M.-C. Hallouin, M. Matta, and G. Grésenguet, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 4:367–374, 1997). During exponential growth, all of theseLactobacillus species acidified their growth medium at rates on the order of 106 protons/bacterium/s. Such rates, combined with an estimate of the total number of lactobacilli in the vagina, suggest that vaginal lactobacilli could reacidify the vagina at the rate observed postcoitally following neutralization by the male ejaculate (W. H. Masters and V. E. Johnson, Human sexual response, p. 93, 1966). During bacterial vaginosis (BV), there is a loss of vaginal acidity, and the vaginal pH rises to >4.5. This correlates with a loss of lactobacilli and an overgrowth of diverse bacteria. Three BV-associated bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, andPeptostreptococcus anaerobius, acidified their growth medium to an asymptotic pH (4.7 to 6.0) consistent with the characteristic elevated vaginal pH associated with BV. Together, these observations are consistent with vaginal flora, rather than epithelial cells, playing a primary role in creating the acidity of the vagina.
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Kuzminа, А. "Features of treatment in women of postmenopause with intrauterine fluid." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(142) (July 29, 2019): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.142.56.
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The article presents data on the characteristics of the species composition of the microflora of the vagina of postmenopausal women with intrauterine fluid and developed an algorithm for treating this group of patients. The objective: is to study the species composition of the microflora of the vaginal contents in postmenopausal women with intrauterine fluid and based on these data on the development of a treatment algorithm. Materials and methods. The study was conducted for postmenopausal women with intrauterine fluid, who received the contents of the vagina with subsequent referral for microbiological examination. Then the patients were divided into groups to study the effectiveness of complex treatment. In the first group, two-stage treatment was carried out, including etiotropic treatment and the use of vaginal capsules with promestrin. In group II, only etiotropic treatment was performed. Results. As a result of microbiological analysis of the vaginal contents, the patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the microecology of the vagina: with atrophic colpitis 35 (52.2%), with bacterial vaginosis 26 (38.8%), with conditional normocenosis 6 (8.9%). Conducted treatment in groups and evaluation after 1–3–6 months. After 6 months of treatment, in groups I and II, a decrease in UPM by 85% and 47%, respectively, was found, and an increase in the contamination of the vaginal contents with lactobacilli by 87% and 43%, respectively (p<0.05), was also detected. Conclusion. In postmenopausal women with intrauterine fluid, massive microbial contamination of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic vaginal microflora occurs. Through progressive estrogen deficiency, the unspecific resistance of the vaginal biotope is significantly reduced. The use of intravaginal capsules, which include promestrin, reduces the number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the vagina and thereby reduces the likelihood of developing an ascending infection. Key words: postmenopausal period, intrauterine fluid, microbiological examination of the vagina, promestrin.
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Basha, Maureen, Shaohua Chang, Elaine M. Smolock, Robert S. Moreland, Alan J. Wein, and Samuel Chacko. "Regional differences in myosin heavy chain isoform expression and maximal shortening velocity of the rat vaginal wall smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 4 (2006): R1076—R1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00118.2006.
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Contractility of the proximal and distal vaginal wall smooth muscle may play distinct roles in the female sexual response and pelvic support. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in contractile characteristics of smooth muscle from these regions reside in differences in the expression of isoforms of myosin, the molecular motor for muscle contraction. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were killed on the day of estrus, and the vagina was dissected into proximal and distal segments. The Vmax at peak force was greater for tissue strips of the proximal vagina compared with that of distal ( P < 0.01), although, at steady state, the Vmax for the muscle strips from the two regions was not different. Furthermore, at steady state, muscle stress was higher ( P < 0.001) for distal vaginal strips ( n = 5). Consistent with the high Vmax for the proximal vaginal strips, RT-PCR results revealed a higher %SM-B ( P < 0.001) in the proximal vagina. A greater expression of SM-B protein ( P < 0.001) was also detected by Western blotting ( n = 4). Interestingly, there was no regional difference noted in SM-1/SM-2 isoforms ( n = 6). The proximal vagina had a higher expression of myosin heavy chain protein ( P < 0.01) and a greater percentage of smooth muscle bundles ( P < 0.001). The results of this study are the first demonstration of a regional heterogeneity in Vmax and myosin isoform distribution in the vagina wall smooth muscle and confirm that the proximal vaginal smooth muscle exhibits phasic contractile characteristics compared with the distal vaginal smooth muscle, which is tonic.
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GP, Talwar. "Two Products to Prevent and Maintain Healthy Vagina." Women's Health Science Journal 2, no. 2 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/whsj-16000117.
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A common problem that women face is to maintain healthy vagina. It is an extra-ordinary organ. While the normal pH of the body is 7.4, the pH of a healthy vagina is around 4.5. The acidic pH of the vagina in contrast to rest of the body is maintained by lactic acid secreted within vagina by the Probiotic Lactobacilli resident on the endometrium of the vagina. In case the Lactobacilli are diminished and/or are not making sufficient lactic acid, the pH of the vagina is increased and goes beyond 5, women get infected with a variety of aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms. In this condition, named as Vaginosis, women have abnormal vaginal discharge accompanied at times by putrid smell. Antibiotics are employed by clinicians to treat Vaginosis. Better products need to be developed to cope with vaginosis, as well as prevent sexually transmitted infections.
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Appelbaum, Alan H., Mehran Tirandaz, Giuseppe Ricci, and Roberto Levi D’Ancona. "Alignment of the Cervix with the Vagina in Uterine Retroversion: A Possible Risk Factor in Uterine Prolapse." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (2022): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061428.
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Multiple observational studies have found an association of uterine prolapse with uterine retroversion. Mechanisms proposed to explain this apparent association assume that the cervix of a retroverted uterus will usually insert at the apex of the vagina, with resultant alignment of the cervix with the vagina. The angle of the axis of the cervix with the axis of the vagina was measured by two readers on 323 sagittal pelvic MRI scans and sagittal reconstructions of pelvic CT scans performed for clinical purposes. One reader observed and recorded the anatomic relations of the uterus that differed by insertion site and version: 44 of 49 retroverted uteri (89.8%) inserted at the vaginal apex, and 13 of 274 anteverted uteri (4.7%) inserted at the vaginal apex. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) by the Chi square test. The urinary bladder, vaginal walls, and rectum were inferiorly related to anteriorly inserted anteverted uteri. Only the vaginal lumen and the rectum at a shallow oblique angle were inferiorly related to apically inserted retroverted uteri. Most retroverted uteri insert at the apex of the vagina. Apically inserted retroverted uteri appear to receive less support from adjacent structures than anteriorly inserted anteverted uteri.
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Du, Limin, Xue Dong, Jiarong Song, et al. "Temporal and spatial differences in the vaginal microbiome of Chinese healthy women." PeerJ 11 (December 1, 2023): e16438. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16438.
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Background Up the reproductive tract, there are large differences in the composition of vaginal microbes. Throughout the menstrual cycle, the structure of the vaginal microbiome shifts. Few studies have examined both in combination. Our study was designed to explore trends in the microbiome of different parts of the vagina in healthy women over the menstrual cycle. Methods We performed metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbiome differences between the cervical orifice and mid-vagina throughout the menstrual cycle. Results Our results showed the vaginal microbiome of healthy women in the cervical orifice and the mid-vagina was similar during the periovulatory and luteal phases, with Lactobacillus being the dominant bacteria. In the follicular phase, Acinetobacter was detected in the cervical orifice. From the follicular phase to the luteal phase, the community state types (all five community status types were defined as CSTs) in samples No. 10 and No. 11 changed from CST III to CST I. In addition, the composition of the vaginal microbiome in healthy women from different regions of China was significantly different. We also detected viruses including Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) during periovulatory phase. Conclusion This study is valuable for understanding whether the microbial composition of the vagina is consistent in different parts of the menstrual cycle.