To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Vaginal Bleeding and Gravidity.
Journal articles on the topic 'Vaginal Bleeding and Gravidity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Vaginal Bleeding and Gravidity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dr., Amna Rashid Dr Saba Khalid Dr Sadia Abdulrazzaq. "A CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH ON THE ASSOCIATION OF FIRST TRIMESTER BLEEDING PER VAGINAL AND PELVIC PAIN FREQUENCY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 04 (2018): 2451–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1218647.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Aim of the research was the determination of pelvic pain frequency and bleeding per vaginal during 1st trimester. Methods: We included 150 pregnant cases in the age limit of 18 – 35 years who were in their 1st trimester of pregnancy, research design was cross-sectional and it was completed from July, 2015 to July, 2016 in the time span of one year. SPSS-20 was used for the data entry and analysis. Results: Average age was (26.33 ± 4.23), pelvic pain frequency was 29.33% and per vaginal bleeding was 12%. There was no statistical significant difference observed in the vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain in various groups of age as per the research stratification analysis. Pelvic pain rate was high in the primigravida women in comparison to the multigravida with a p-value of (0.003). Conclusion: Research concludes that significant women strength experienced vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain in the 1st trimester, for a practitioner it is important to practice sound diagnostic and clinical expertise for the treatment of pregnancy complications as these abnormalities are potent instrument of distress in the women and their partners. Keywords: Pelvic pain, 1st Pregnancy Trimester, Vaginal Bleeding and Gravidity.
2
Neha, Singh, Kumari Chanchala, and Singh Chandni. "A Comparative Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome Between Normal Pregnant Women and Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 6 (2022): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13624440.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Introduction:</strong> First trimester bleeding may indicate an underlying placental dysfunction, which may manifest later in pregnancy causing adverse outcomes such as increased risk of pre-eclamptic toxemias, preterm delivery, prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM), and IUGR. It is also known that maternal age, systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, infertility treatment, thrombophilia, maternal weight, and uterine structural anomalies increase the risk of abortus imminens. <strong>Aim and objective: </strong>To establish the relation between first trimester vaginal bleeding and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. <strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study is a comparative cohort study. I included 100 women aged between 18-45 years with first trimester vaginal bleeding as case group, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 100 normal pregnant women without first trimester vaginal bleeding as control. All the women in the study group were followed from the first visit till delivery. The characteristics of all the patients related to their age, gravidity, period of gestation, duration of bleed, ultrasound results, duration of hospital stay, treatment modalities and final fetal and maternal outcome were determined, and data were collected on the basis of proforma. <strong>Result: </strong>In our study 21% patients had abortion in cases group whereas, 9% had abortion in control group, 62% had Full term vaginal delivery in cases whereas, 80% had full term vaginal delivery in control group 17% delivered preterm in case group as compared to 11% in control group. These differences were statistically significant with p value <0.02. There was statistically significant difference between cases and control for the mode of delivery. Majority of patients, about 64% in cases and 71% in control had vaginal delivery whereas 15% of cases and 20% of control had caesarean section. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>First trimester vaginal bleeding can be a predicting factor for adverse outcome of mother and infant. It is necessary to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in this regard for observation. Also, because the clinical intervention of attentive obstetrician has important role in not only, the continuation of pregnancy but also decreasing fetal complications in these high-risk pregnancies.
3
Rehman Shinwari, Kausar, Heema, Bakhtawar Rehman, Sana Rehman Shinwari, Habiba Khalid, and Fahmida Sattar. "SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RISK DETERMINANTS IN PREGNANT OBESE WOMEN VISITING KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR." Khyber Journal of Medical Sciences 17, no. 1 (2024): 29–33. https://doi.org/10.70520/kjms.v17i1.497.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study aims to determine the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages among pregnant obese women as well as to find the possible association between increasing age, parity, gravidity and gestation period with spontaneous miscarriages. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 163 obese pregnant women. Sample size was calculated using WHO sample size calculator. All the pregnant women fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The demographic information was recorded in pre-designed proforma. Spontaneous miscarriage was considered positive if the patient has spontaneous loss of pregnancy prior to viability that is gestational age of 23 weeks and 6 days. It was diagnosed by history of vaginal bleeding (bleeding ? 300 ml) & abdominal pain (assessed as VAS scale, score greater than 3) & confirmed on ultrasound scan of pelvis (absence of fetal heart beat). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31±8.18 years where 59 (36%) of the participants were in between 18-30 years while 104 (64%) patients were in the age range of 31-40 years. Similarly, 62 (38%) patients were primigravida, 65 (40%) women had Primipara and 67 (41%) patients had <12 weeks of gestation period. The frequencies of miscarriages were high in patients with increasing age, multi gravidity, multiparity and gestation period greater than 12 weeks. However, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The frequencies of spontaneous miscarriages were 14%. The rates of spontaneous miscarriages were higher in women with increasing age, multi-parity, multi-gravidity and higher gestation period.
4
Rzońca, Ewa, Agnieszka Bień, Grażyna Bączek, Patryk Rzońca, Michał Filip, and Robert Gałązkowski. "Suspected Miscarriage in the Experience of Emergency Medical Services Teams—Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312305.
Full textAbstract:
Vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain are symptoms indicative of a threat to pregnancy that prompt women to seek assistance from health care professionals. The purpose of the study was to present the characteristics of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) team interventions in cases of suspected miscarriage. The study involved a retrospective analysis of EMS team interventions in cases of suspected miscarriage carried out between January 2018 and December 2019 in Poland. Data obtained from Poland’s National Monitoring Center of Emergency Medical Services included emergency medical procedure records and EMS team dispatch records in electronic format. The mean patient age was 30.53 years. Most were primiparous (48.90%) and up to the 13th gestational week (76.65%). The most commonly reported symptom was vaginal bleeding (80.71%). EMS teams were most commonly dispatched in the winter (27.03%), between 7 A.M. and 6:59 P.M. (51.87%), in urban areas (69.23%), with urgency code 2 (55.60%), and in most cases, they transferred the patient to a hospital (97.53%). The present study addresses very important issues concerning the characteristics of Polish suspected miscarriage cases handled by different EMS team types, in different locations (urban vs. rural areas), and concerning patients in a different obstetric situation (gestational week, gravidity, parity). Our findings suggest a need for further studies in this field and for gestational health promotion activities to be implemented, specifically including actions to reduce the risk of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.
5
Arif, Gash, and Chro Fattah. "CESAREAN SCAR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY IN RELATION TO PREVIOUS OBSTETRICAL HISTORY." JOURNAL OF SULAIMANI MEDICAL COLLEGE 13, no. 1 (2023): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10400.
Full textAbstract:
Background 
 Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is the implantation of a gestational sac inside the scar of a previous cesarean section (C/S). CSEP is a life-threatening condition that needs early management.
 Objectives 
 The study aimed to know the associations between CSEP and previous obstetrical history.
 Patients and Methods
 Twenty-seven women with CSEP who were admitted to the Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from September 2019 to October 2021 were collected for this cross-sectional study. Complete obstetrical history, clinical features, the interval between the last C/S and CSEP, mode of diagnosis, and types of management were recorded.
 Results
 The mean of maternal age, gravidity and parity were 32.14±4.63 years (range, 24 to 40 years), 3.73±1.75 (range, 1 to 8) and 2.36±1.33 (range, 1 to 6), respectively. The majority (74.1%) had no significant medical diseases. The mean interval between the last C/S and CSEP was 2.6±1.8 years, and 92.6% complained of vaginal bleeding. The association of gravidity with CSEP presentation was statistically significant. Only 22.2% had a history of one prior C/S alone; however, 74.1, 14.8%, and 3.7% of patients had two, three, and four previous C/Ss, respectively. Besides, the associations of first and second C/Ss with obstetricians’ experience who performed the C/Ss were statistically significant. 
 Conclusion
 The risk of CSEP increases when the frequency of gravidity and previous C/S increases.
6
Abdur Raqib, Moosa, Aliya Nasim, Muhammad Ashir Shafique, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, and Abdul Haseeb. "From Challenges to Discovery: A Case Report on Recurrent Molar Pregnancy in a 30-Year-Old Woman with Multiple Pregnancy Losses." Clinical Case Reports and Studies 3, no. 3 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.59657/2837-2565.brs.23.072.
Full textAbstract:
This case report presents the unique case of a 30-year-old woman with a recurrent molar pregnancy, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of placental trophoblasts. The patient, with a gravidity of 3 and parity of 0+2, experienced difficulties in conceiving a viable fetus despite ovulation induction drug treatment. Molar pregnancy is rare, and cases with recurrent miscarriages are even more uncommon. Common symptoms of molar pregnancy include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and pelvic pressure during the first trimester. Diagnosis typically involves assessing HCG serum levels, performing an ultrasound of the uterus, and conducting a biopsy of the aborted specimen. Miscarriage is a common outcome, and in cases of diagnosis, dilation, and curettage are often performed. This report highlights the rarity of recurrent molar pregnancy and emphasizes its potential occurrence.
7
Samantaray, Subha Ranjan, Ipsita Mohapatra, and Achanta Vivekanada. "A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care centre in Telangana, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200358.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a life-threatening obstetrics emergency in early trimester, associated with a high morbidity and mortality if not timely intervened. High index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis, specifically in women presenting with amenorrhoea, pain abdomen and vaginal bleeding. Aim of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management and outcome of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, at Prathima institute of medical sciences, Telangana from July 2012 to June 2019, for a period of 7 years. A total of 53 cases of ectopic pregnancy were analyzed for parameters like age, gravidity, gestational age, risk factors, clinical presentation, management and morbidity.Results: Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 5.3 per thousand deliveries. Majority of cases were in age group of 20 to 25 years (52.8%) and were gravida 3 and above (68%). The commonest risk factors identified were history of previous pelvic surgeries (37.7%) followed by history of abortion (18.8%). Commonest symptoms were abdominal pain (90.6%), amenorrhoea (75.5%) and vaginal bleeding (47.2%). Only 41.5 % of cases had triad of symptoms. Fallopian tube (92.4%), specifically ampulla (62.3%) was the most frequent site affected. About 73.6% cases presented with ruptured tube. Surgery (94.3%) was the mainstay of therapy.Conclusions: ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency, early diagnosis and treatment will improve the prognosis.
8
Ghaemmaghami, Fatemeh, and Mojgan Karimi Zarchi. "Early Onset of Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Disease after Full-Term Pregnancy." International Journal of Biomedical Science 4, no. 1 (2008): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2008.4074.
Full textAbstract:
Choriocarcinoma is a curable malignancy that occurred approximately 50% after term pregnancies, and prognosis in this form of gestational trophoblastic Disease (GTD) is Poor. The earliest onset choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy in one study was reported 3 weeks after delivery, but in current study, choriocarcinoma was diagnosed 2 weeks after delivery. 28 years-old women gravidity 2, parity 2 delivered a healthy infant at term. Frequent episodes of vaginal bleeding occurred after 10 days of delivery. On admission to hospital, she had lesions in the lungs. The pretreatment human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level was 84,000 mIU/ml and her FIGO risk factor score was 8 (high risk group). The EMA/CO regimen was administered as first line chemotherapy and the patient achieved complete remission after 7 courses. Although early onset postpartum hemorrhage is due to complication of delivery, but gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) may be occurred and assessment of human chorionic gonadotropin could be help to early diagnose of GTD.
9
Rodriguez, Ana, Yong-Fang Kuo, and Enshuo Hsu. "ASSESSING RISK FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AMONG HISPANIC FEMALES AGE 50 YEARS AND OLDER." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1720.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the US, with most women diagnosed between 55 and 64 years old. Seventy-five percent of women with endometrial cancer are postmenopausal, and the most common symptom is postmenopausal bleeding. Only a few studies have addressed the lack of knowledge and awareness of risk factors and/or health care utilization for early signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate health care utilization among Hispanic women aged ≥50 years who are at risk for endometrial cancer. This retrospective cohort study used a combination of diagnosis and procedure codes from UTMB’s electronic health records to identify Texas Hispanic females who had a health encounter at ≥50 years of age between 2012 and 2016. Risk factors included conditions/treatments affecting hormone levels, age, body mass index, diabetes, gravidity, parity, family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer, previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer or endometrial hyperplasia, smoking or alcohol use, and treatment with radiation therapy in the pelvis area. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated for predictors of endometrial cancer. The study included 11,563 Hispanic females aged ≥50 years (median age=57). Most women were overweight. Currently, we identified 705 Hispanic females (6.1%) with possible endometrial cancer with validation underway. Females who have a history of vaginal spotting/bleeding, pelvic bleeding, and pelvic pain are at higher risk for endometrial cancer. It is important for physicians to educate patients on recognizing the signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer.
10
Tarawah, Raghad A., and Ahmad M. Tarawah. "Pregnancy and Delivery Outcome Among Ladies with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: A Report from Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-190438.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder due to functional platelet defects impairing platelet aggregation. AlMadinah has reported the highest prevalence of GT globally, with a prevalence of 1:10,000. Pregnancy had been reported among ladies with GT with different outcomes. As a bleeding disorder, Pregnancy among ladies with GT carries a higher risk for bleeding either during pregnancy or intra and postpartum. Neonates have an increased risk for hemorrhage, either due to alloimmunization or they may carry the gene of GT. Many GT ladies got pregnant earlier when GT diagnosis was difficult, and they did not know their diagnosis; even after the diagnosis was possible, ceasing the menstrual cycle was not culturally acceptable. In this study, we are describing the pregnancies among GT ladies and their outcomes. Methods This is a report from the AlMadinah GT registry in the Madinah Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center. The registry covers a period of 20 years and includes all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GT. 136 GT patients were identified. 11 patients had no data available. A spreadsheet designed to collect detailed data about pregnancy, delivery, and neonates. Electronic and hard copy medical records have been accessed to collect data. Data was analyzed by the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The research and ethical committee approved the study. Results Twenty-eight pregnancies have been identified. The median age of mothers at the time of pregnancy was 30 ± 5.7 years (20 - 42 years). Mothers' Gravidity was 1-7 (median 2.5 ± 1.6), and parity was 1-6 (median 2 ±1.4). Five miscarriages (18%) identified occurred at the 17 th, 11 th, 13 th and 15 th gestational weeks. In contrast, 5 th one is not on record. Three miscarriages took place after moderate to severe vaginal bleeding. Mild to severe post-abortion bleeding was controlled with platelets transfusion, activated human recombinant factor 7 (rFVIIa), and tranexamic acid. Thirty-two bleeding episodes occurred during 16 pregnancies, with 1-5 bleeding episodes per pregnancy (Median of 2 episodes). Seven (22%) bleeding episodes were vaginal bleeds, while 25 (78%) were GT-related bleeds such as gum bleeding or epistaxis. Two patients must undergo plasma exchange and be on steroids due to alloimmunization development during pregnancy. Delivery occurred at the gestational age of 34-40 weeks (median 38 ± 2 weeks). Sixteen (70%) deliveries were vaginal, and 7(30%) were cesarean sections. The indications for cesarean sections were family request in 4 cases, fetal distress in two instances, and precautional section in one case. Prophylactic platelets transfusion had given pre-delivery on four occasions, rFVIIa on 4, and a combination of rFVIIa and platelets transfusion on six occasions. Tranexamic acid was used in all cases. Ten deliveries were conducted with no prophylaxis. Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 18 (64%) cases, 13 (72%) cases of primary PPH, and 5 (28%) cases of secondary PPH. We could not find a correlation between pre-delivery prophylaxes and PPH (P=0.2). PPH had controlled successfully with platelets transfusion and rFVIIa though red blood cell transfusion was needed on eight occasions. Twenty-eight pregnancies produced 24 babies (13 girls and 11 boys). Four babies had bleeding (2 intracranial hemorrhages, one subdural hematoma, and one gum oozing), and 9 had alloimmunization with mild to severe thrombocytopenia. Of all babies tested for GT, 6 of them were GT. Conclusions Pregnancy among ladies with GT carries a higher risk of bleeding. Management of pregnancy in women with GT has to be in a Multidisciplinary approach. The high rate of PPH among GT ladies makes it essential to treat it promptly. Pregnancy among ladies with GT should be studied in multi-centers sitting to learn more about clinical courses and management.
11
Naamat, Abid1* Laila Benhamida2 Maha Alzergany3 Mona Bin salah4 Salma Almeslati2. "Comparison of Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Placenta Previa between Elective versus Emergency Cesarean Section in Libya." Alq J Med App Sci 6, no. 1 (2023): 152–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7812029.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Background and aims.</strong> Placenta previa is a serious obstetric complication that affects 0.3% and 0.5% of all live births. It is linked to an elevated risk of preterm birth as well as perinatal mortality and morbidity. Cesarean section is advised for women with placenta previa. There is limited data about feto maternal complication of placenta previa in comparison between elective versus emergency cesarean section in Libya. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcome of elective and emergency caesarean section in placenta previa cases. <strong>Methods</strong>. A retrospective study was done in Aljala Maternity Hospital in Tripoli, Libya. Hospital records for the entire cohort of women who underwent cesarean section due to placenta previa over one year (January to December, 2018) were collected. The following data was obtained, age, gravidity, parity and history of abortion, history of cesarean section, maternal and neonatal outcome, and site and grade of placenta. <strong>Results</strong>. The prevalence of placenta previa was 5.2 per 1 000 births. About 56.3% of placenta previa cases was accidentally discovered in outpatient department, 41.8% of the cases asymptomatic and 43.6% had vaginal bleeding, 57.27% underwent planned cesarean delivery, and 32.7% required emergency cesarean delivery. The maternal complication such as intraoperative bleeding was 35.1% in the elective and 77.8% in the emergency. All babies who delivered by emergency were alive but in elective were 5.4% intrauterine fetal death. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Placenta previa remains a risk factor for cesarean section delivery which adversely leads to various feto maternal complications in Libya.
12
Nadia Rani, Nilofar, Arifa, et al. "EFFECTIVENESS OF UTERINE BALLOON TAMPONADE IN MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 14, no. 01 (2024): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v14i01.676.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of uterine balloon tamponade in the management of primary post partum hemorrhage.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Swabi from 1st May 2023 to 31st October 2023. A total of 177 women presenting with primary PPH regardless of parity were included in the study. All were treated with standard protocols for PPH treatment .The balloon was removed 12 hours after its insertion to determine the effectiveness in terms of less than 100 ml loss of blood. Slow deflation of balloon tamponade with simultaneous monitoring for resumption of bleeding.Results: Mean age of the patients were 28.497±2.43 years, gravidity 2.638±1.19, parity 1.638±1.19, gestational age 38.689±1.12 and mean BMI was 26.1±1.35 Kg/m2. Uterine atony was the cause of PPH in 78.6%. Those who underwent normal vaginal delivery were 66.1% while 33.9% underwent C-section. Out of the total 177 cases, uterine balloon tamponade was effective in 129 cases (72.9%) with a statistically significant diff erence of 0.001 in combine spontaneous or induced labor.Conclusion: The intended study concludes that balloon tamponade is a successful and reliable approach in addressing PPH. This method effectively aids in controlling excessive bleeding following delivery, highlighting its significance as an effective treatment option in managing PPH.
13
Shahid, Maryam, Noor Nishan, Shafaq Saeed Farooqi, Farrah Jabeen, Hina Manzoor, and Sohaib Arif. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Pregnant Women admitted to Hospital, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (2022): 912–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169912.
Full textAbstract:
In both high- and low-income nations, preterm pre-labou membrane rupture is a significant contributor to perinatal, neonatal, and maternal illness and mortality. Premature membrane rupture puts a woman at risk for postpartum haemorrhage, intraamniotic infection, and even death. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membranes and its related factors among pregnant women admitted to health institutions because little is known about the issue in the study region. A total of 300 participants participated in this research among which 100 had preterm PROM, 100 had PROM, and 100 had preterm deliveries. The ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 years with a mean age of 25.12 ± 4.43 years. Among 300 participants, 9.33, 17.33, 21, 24.33, and 28% were 18-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, and 40 years of age, respectively. Among the total, 19 (6.33%), 271 (90.33%) and 10 (3.33%) were divorced, married and widowed, respectively. Among a total, 44, 40.33, and 15.66% of the participants were multigravida, primigravida, and grand-multigravida, respectively. The majority (87%) of mothers had ANC follow-up in their current pregnancy. In the large population, 255 (85%) had labor pain while 171 (578%) of mothers showed vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy and 167 (55.67%) of mothers had cephalic presentation. 88.33% of pregnant women had no history of PROM. 97 (32.33%) of mothers had urinary tract infection in pregnancy, 32 (10.66%) had anaemia, and 41 (13.67%) had an abnormal vaginal discharge. The pregnant mothers had not used any cocaine, and cigarettes. Different risk factors associated with PPROM such as current urinary tract infection, gravidity, history of previous PPROM, preeclampsia, economic status, and anaemia were recorded. The major risk factors are use of smoking, chat, and cocaine. To lower the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes, early detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and atypical vaginal discharges were advised. Keywords: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes; fetal outcome; Female urogenital disorders; maternal age; Pakistan
14
Aslam, Sana, Saima Perveen, Arooj Jawad, Hina Zubair, Farzana Sabir, and Hafsa Razzaq. "Frequency of Placenta Previa Among Pregnant Patients With Scarred and Unscarred Uterus." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 5 (2025): 59–61. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i5.1734.
Full textAbstract:
Placenta previa is a serious obstetric condition typically observed during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. It poses a significant risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, particularly when associated with prior uterine surgical interventions such as cesarean sections. A history of uterine scarring is a recognized risk factor for placenta previa and its more severe variant, placenta accreta. Objective: To determine the prevalence of placenta previa in pregnant women with and without previous uterine scarring presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Divisional Headquarter Hospital, Mirpur, from July 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. A total of 150 pregnant women aged 15–45 years, with gestational age’s ≥28 weeks and singleton pregnancies, were enrolled using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Participants were categorized based on the presence or absence of uterine scarring. Women with second-trimester bleeding or primigravida status were excluded. Relevant obstetric history, including parity, gravidity, and gestational age, was documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages; continuous data were reported as means ± standard deviations. Results: The mean age of participants was 34.23 ± 12.34 years, with the majority (45.7%) between 26–30 years of age. Regarding gestational age, 13.8% were between 28–32 weeks, 20.83% between 31–35 weeks, and 65.2% between 36–40 weeks. A total of 100 women (66.66%) had previously scarred uteri, while 5 (31.95%) had unscarred uteri. Vaginal delivery history was noted in 46 women. In terms of gravidity, 110 (73.3%) were G2–G4, 35 (23.33%) were G5– G7, and above. Placenta previa was significantly more prevalent among women with a history of uterine scarring. Conclusion: The findings indicate a higher prevalence of placenta previa among women with prior uterine scarring compared to those without. This underscores the need for vigilant prenatal screening and risk stratification in women with a history of cesarean sections or uterine surgeries.
15
Javed, Amna, Fakharu nissa, Samar Hussain, Sabahat Ali Zaidi, Naim Ashraf, and Syeda Tahseen Fatima. "Frequency of Placenta Previa in Scarred and Non Scarred Uterus." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (2022): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161579.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: An obstetric complication, Placenta Previa usually arises in the, second and. third. pregnancy trimester. This may result in serious nature of it may cause serious incidences and death rate to the mother. There is a huge risk of placenta accreta, in the pregnant women having placenta previa and prior history of cesarean. Objective: To the frequency of placenta Previa in patients coming to a tertiary care unit with previously scarred and non-scarred uterus. Material & Method Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study Settings: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Data Collection procedure: 144 sample size was calculated with 80% power of test and 5% level of significance by taking expecting 5%. Female present with age of 20-40 years with scarred and non-scarred uterus and singleton pregnancy and Gestational age 28 weeks and onwards were included. Second trimester bleeding & scars, primi gravidas patients were excluded from the study. Complete history was taken regarding parity, age &duration of gestation. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. For qualitative data like Age groups, Gravidy, previous section was presented as frequency & percentages. For quantitative data like age was presented as mean and SD was calculated. Results: 144 females were included; the mean age was 32.23 ± 12.34 years. Mostly females were belonging to 26-30 years 66(45.8%). Gestational age revealed that 20(13.8%) were between 28-32 weeks, 30(20.83%) were 31-35 gestation week and 94(65.2%) were 36-40 weeks of gestation. Placenta Previa found in previously scarred uterus was 98(68.05%), while it was 46 had previous vaginal delivery. About gravidity, 80 patients were between G2-G4, 54 were between G5-G7 and only 10 were more than G7. Conclusion: Frequency of placenta previa is higher in scared uterus in our study than non-scared uterus. Key words: Pregnancy, Placenta Previa, Frequency, Scarred
16
Shuaibu, Samaila Adavuruku, Usman Haruna, Rabiu Ayyuba, Suleiman Daneji Muhammad, Raphael Avidime Attah, and Idris Usman Takai. "Cervical Cerclage For Cervical Incompetence: Indication, Complication And Pregnancy Outcome At Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano: A Five-year Review." Jewel Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56167/jjms.2021.0202.15.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cervical cerclage has salvaged so many pregnancies complicated by cervical incompetence. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the indications and pregnancy outcomes after cervical cerclage insertion. Methodology: This was a five-year retrospective study carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. The study covered the period of 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017. The case notes of women who had cervical cerclage insertion during this period were retrieved and information such as age, gravidity, parity, indication for the cerclage and outcome of the pregnancy were extracted. This was entered into a proforma and analyzed using the SPSS Version 23 Computer software. Results:The mean age of the patients was 31.7±5.3years. Cervical cerclage was inserted between 13 and 32 weeks of gestation with a mean gestational age at insertion of 15.6 ± 3.6weeks. Mc Donald procedure accounted for 98.6% and only 1.4% had Shirodkar procedure. Cervical cerclage was history indicated in 62(87.3%), emergency cerclage was 8(11.3%) and ultrasound indicated in 1 (1.4%) of the women. Following the procedure, 64(80.28%) of the women took the pregnancy to term, however, Equal numbers of pregnancies were complicated by both preterm delivery and miscarriage, 7 (9.85%). Only seven patients had complication and out of that 4(57.1%) had pelvic pain, 2(28.6) had liquor drainage and 1(14.3%) had vaginal bleeding. Conclusion:Cervical cerclage for cervical incompetence is majorly history indicated and most of the patients carried the pregnancies to term after cerclage insertion. The complication rate is low.
17
Fram, Kamil, Farah Fram, Rand Fram, et al. "Impact of Surgical Experience on Hysterectomy Outcomes; A Venture to Improve the Linear Curve, Surgical Outcome, and Cost-Effectiveness: A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 10, no. 2 (2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.15.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to highlight the influence of surgical experience in performing the abdominal hysterectomy and improving the linear curve of skills. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 245 women who underwent hysterectomy at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, from January 2017 to 2019. The gravidity, parity, age, body mass index, the cause and type of the hysterectomy, duration of surgery, need to blood transfusion, estimated blood loss, time of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the histopathology results were extracted from records of the participants and analyzed. Results: This study showed that the leading cause of hysterectomy in participants was abnormal vaginal bleeding. The most common type of hysterectomy was simple abdominal hysterectomy with a mean operation time of 1 hour 12 minutes. In total, 25.6% of women received packaged red blood cells, the main cause of which was preoperative anemia (17.5%). These results reflect an improvement in the linear curve of learning surgical skills. Conclusions: Our results portrayed the improvement of the surgical technique gained through performing abdominal hysterectomy expressively leading to a lessening in operative time compared with time while using a traditional technique, a decline in the total cost of surgery, and a decreased number in the surgical threads used in each operation. Surgical expertise can be appraised via many clinical parameters; mean operative time, complication rates, and other outcome measures. The expansion of surgical skills and the steadfastness of the medical team were a direct cause of these results.
18
Kayiga, Herbert, Diane Achanda Genevive, Pauline Mary Amuge, Josaphat Byamugisha, Annettee Nakimuli, and Andrew Jones. "Incidence, associated risk factors, and the ideal mode of delivery following preterm labour between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation in a low resource setting." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254801.
Full textAbstract:
Background Preterm labour, between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, remains prevalent in low resource settings. There is evidence of improved survival after 24 weeks though the ideal mode of delivery remains unclear. There are no clear management protocols to guide patient management. We sought to determine the incidence of preterm labour occurring between 24 to 28 weeks, its associated risk factors and the preferred mode of delivery in a low resource setting with the aim of streamlining patient care. Methods Between February 2020 and September 2020, we prospectively followed 392 women with preterm labour between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and their newborns from admission to discharge at Kawempe National Referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda. The primary outcome was perinatal mortality associated with the different modes of delivery. Secondary outcomes included neonatal and maternal infections, admission to the Neonatal Special Care Unit (SCU), need for neonatal resuscitation, preterm birth and maternal death. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between perinatal mortality and categorical variables such as parity, mode of delivery, employment status, age, antepartum hemorrhage, digital vaginal examination, and admission to Special Care unit. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between comparative outcomes of the different modes of delivery and maternal and neonatal risk factors. Results The incidence of preterm labour among women who delivered preterm babies between 24 to 28 weeks was 68.9% 95% CI 64.2–73.4). Preterm deliveries between 24 to 28 weeks contributed 20% of the all preterm deliveries and 2.5% of the total hospital deliveries. Preterm labour was independently associated with gravidity (p-value = 0.038), whether labour was medically induced (p-value <0.001), number of digital examinations (p-value <0.001), history of vaginal bleeding prior to onset of labour (p-value < 0.001), whether tocolytics were given (p-value < 0.001), whether an obstetric ultrasound scan was done (p-value <0.001 and number of babies carried (p-value < 0.001). At multivariate analysis; multiple pregnancy OR 15.45 (2.00–119.53), p-value < 0.001, presence of fever prior to admission OR 4.03 (95% CI .23–13.23), p-value = 0.002 and duration of drainage of liquor OR 0.16 (0.03–0.87), p-value = 0.034 were independently associated with preterm labour. The perinatal mortality rate in our study was 778 per 1000 live births. Of the 392 participants, 359 (91.5%), had vaginal delivery, 29 (7.3%) underwent Caesarean delivery and 4 (1%) had assisted vaginal delivery. Caesarean delivery was protective against perinatal mortality compared to vaginal delivery OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.82, p-value = 0.017). The other protective factors included receiving antenatal corticosteroids OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.98, p-value = 0.040, Doing 3–4 digital exams per day, OR = 0.41, 95% 0.18–0.91, p-value = 0.028) and hospital stay of > 7 days, p value = 0.001. Vaginal delivery was associated with maternal infections, postpartum hemorrhage, and admission to the Special Care Unit. Conclusion Caesarean delivery is the preferred mode of delivery for preterm deliveries between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation especially when labour is not established in low resource settings. It is associated with lesser adverse pregnancy outcomes when compared to vaginal delivery for remote gestation ages.
19
Zheng, Fangyuan, Haiyan Wen, Lan Shi, Caihe Wen, Qiumeng Wang, and Shouzhen Yao. "Incidence of postpartum hemorrhage based on the improved combined method in evaluating blood loss: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0289271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289271.
Full textAbstract:
Objective In view of the current clinical inaccuracies and underestimations of postpartum hemorrhage amount, this study aims to investigate the incidence, etiology, clinical characteristics of postpartum hemorrhage in different modes of delivery based on the combination of volumetric method, gravimetric method and area method in evaluating blood loss. Design This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hangzhou Women’s Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021, including 725 cases of postpartum hemorrhage among 18,977 parturients. Based on different modes of delivery, the participants were divided into three groups: vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, and cesarean section, for comparison. Methods Using an improved combined assessment method for blood loss, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of parturients with postpartum hemorrhage who underwent vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, or cesarean section and were hospitalized in Hangzhou Women’s Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. Results (1) Among the 18,977 parturients, 725 cases of postpartum hemorrhage occurred, with an incidence rate of 3.8%, and severe postpartum hemorrhage accounted for 0.4% of the cases. (2) The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly higher in the forceps delivery group than in the vaginal delivery group (χ2 = 19.27, P<0.001), while the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage was significantly higher in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery group (χ2 = 8.71, P = 0.003). (3) The causes of postpartum hemorrhage were statistically different among the different delivery modes, with varying underlying factors (P<0.001). (4) Patients with postpartum hemorrhage in different delivery modes showed statistically significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), birth weight, gestational age, gravidity, parity, the decline of postpartum peripheral blood hemoglobin concentration, and estimated blood loss (P<0.05). (5) The proportion of blood transfusion was significantly higher in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery and forceps delivery groups (χ2 = 231.03, P<0.001). Limitations This study is a single-center retrospective study, which may have led to selection bias in case selection. Additionally, the implementation of the combined three blood loss assessment methods may not have been strictly followed in all cases. Moreover, due to the mixing of bleeding with amniotic and irrigation fluids, the accuracy of evaluation may have been affected, leading to the possibility of inaccuracy of blood loss. Conclusions Forceps delivery and cesarean section increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, but forceps delivery does not significantly increase the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine atony remains the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage, while birth canal laceration and placental factors are the second most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage in forceps delivery and cesarean section, respectively. In this study, the volumetric method, gravimetric method and area method were combined to quantitatively assess postpartum hemorrhage amount. The combined method has strong clinical practicability and is less affected by subjective factors, although it also has limitations. In the future, we still need to focus on the early prediction and identification of postpartum hemorrhage, and further improve the quantitative assessment of postpartum blood loss.
20
Rosatte Victor, Sheba, Sujatha M. Alagesan, and Keerthika P. Thayalan. "Analysis of maternal and fetal outcome of placenta previa." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 11 (2024): 3111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20243160.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Placenta previa, a condition in which the placenta is inserted into the lower uterine segment, causes bleeding and is a major risk factor for obstetric haemorrhage. Early diagnosis, blood transfusion, and multidisciplinary treatment can reduce maternal mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the clinical aspects of the course of pregnancy, risk factors, maternal and foetal outcomes of patients admitted with the clinical features of placenta previa, and maternal and perinatal complications. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 170 patients with placenta previa admitted to the Tirunelveli Government Medical College between September 2019 and September 2021. Patient details, obstetric history, and clinical examinations were recorded during admission. They underwent USG, MRI, and foetal and maternal examinations. The cases were managed based on placenta previa, gestational age, and conditions. Results: Type 4 placenta previa, the most common type, accounted for 40% of cases, with bleeding per vagina being the primary complaint in 46% of cases. MRI was performed in 85% of patients, and emergency caesarean section was performed in 78%. Postpartum, 36% required hysterectomy due to haemorrhage. Babies had an average weight of 2.5-3 kg, with 30-32% having low birth weight. The maternal mortality was 1.18%, with 5% intrauterine and 4% neonatal deaths. Placenta previa was more common in women aged 25-29 (38%) and associated with previous caesarean sections (40%). Foetal malpresentation was higher (28%) in cases of placenta previa, mostly breech (49%). Conclusion: This study suggested that advancing maternal age, gravidity, parity, previous abortion, and caesarean section were increased risk factors for placenta previa.
21
Hand, Marissa, and Catherine M. Broome. "Retrospective Analysis of Bleeding in Pregnant Patients on Anticoagulation: A Single Center Experience." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 3674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130865.
Full textAbstract:
Background During pregnancy, women develop a physiologic hypercoagulable state related to hormonal changes and physical factors which can predispose them to the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Anticoagulation may be prescribed for underlying conditions that add additional risk of developing a thromboembolism during pregnancy or to minimize the risk of pregnancy loss. Heparin and low molecular weight heparin are believed to be safe to use during pregnancy, however these agents do present potential risks, particularly of bleeding for both the mother and fetus. Examination of the clinical outcomes, specifically bleeding and transfusion requirements at the time of delivery and the immediate postpartum period, in patients taking enoxaparin or heparin during high-risk pregnancies can provide further information on the safety of anticoagulants in pregnancy. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control analysis of patients admitted to Georgetown University Hospital (GUH) for labor and delivery from the maternal fetal medicine service taking anticoagulation ante- and postpartum (N=13) as compared to matched controls (N=26) from January 2016 through December 2017. Individuals were matched for age (+/- 2 years), delivery date (+/- 1 month), delivery method (Cesarean or Vaginal), and gravidity. Women who underwent supplemental surgical procedures during delivery, with exception of tubal ligation, were excluded. Means independent t-tests were utilized to determine if women taking anticoagulants during pregnancy were more likely than matched controls to have increased estimated blood losses (EBL), blood transfusion requirements, or changes in antepartum hemoglobin (Hgb) or hematocrit Hct) (≤48 hours prior to delivery) verses postpartum (≤48 hours after delivery). Results with p &lt; 0.05 were deemed significant. Results There was no significant difference in EBL between individuals taking anticoagulants during pregnancy as compared to controls (615.37mL vs 594.23 mL, p = 0.064). There was also no significant difference between antepartum Hgb or Hct (11.76 g/dL vs11.92 g/dL, p = 0.358 and34.99% vs 35.70%, p = 0.766, respectively), or postpartum Hgb or Hct (10.13 g/dL vs10.16 g/dL, p = 0.959 and 30.465vs30.57%, p = 0.338, respectively). Furthermore, the difference in Hgb or Hct before delivery to immediately after was not statistically significant (1.63 g/dL vs 1.76 g/dL, p = 0.056 and 4.53% vs5.13% p = 0.236, respectively) between the two groups. Interestingly, the mean number of units of RBCs transfused was significantly higher for patients on Enoxaparin as compared to controls (0.77 units vs 0.00 units respectively, p = 0.003), however only one patient in the Enoxaparin group required transfusions. Conclusion These data suggest that anticoagulation during high-risk pregnancies is not associated with an increased estimated blood loss or significant reduction in postpartum Hgb and Hct. Although an overall mean increase in units of blood transfused was noted for the anticoagulation group this was based on one patient and may not be representative. Although these results are reassuring that there are minimal risks to anticoagulation in a high risk maternal fetal medicine population additional analyses should be completed from a larger patient population. Figure Disclosures Broome: Sanofi Genzyme: Honoraria, Research Funding; Rigel: Research Funding; Cellphire: Research Funding; Alexion: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding.
22
Vafaei, Homeira, Neda Hadipour, Maryam Kasraeian, et al. "Accuracy of Prenatal Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum and Risk Factors in A Tertiary Center in Southern Iran." Galen Medical Journal 13 (May 14, 2024): e3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3316.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Placenta accreta spectrum is one of the most important causes of massive bleeding in the peripartum period. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of prenatal ultrasonography for diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and important risk factors of this pathology were evaluated in this report. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during January 2018 to January 2019. All patients who were referred for ultrasound examination of placenta accrete spectrum and surgery in Hafez tertiary center were included. Patients with diagnosis of PAS in pathology were in one group and the others in the second group. All maternal and neonatal and demographic data and surgery complications were gathered in a data form. Results: Ultrasonography was 100% (95% C.I: 94.40%-100%) sensitive, 87.58% (95% C.I; 81.29%-92.36) specific, and 87.58% (95% C.I: 82.44%-91.66%) accurate discriminating PAS from non-PAS patients. From 217 patients, 64 and 153 patients were in PAS and non-PAS group, respectively. There was significantly more age, gravidity, live children, history of D&C, hormonal contraception, and history of previa in PAS group compared with Non-PAS group (p-value<0.05 for all); however, gestational age was significantly lower in PAS group (p-value<0.05). The odds of PAS significantly increase with previa and low-lying placenta OR adj (95% C.I): 114.68 (28.45-462.29). The patients with one C/S OR adj (95% C.I): 29.07(3.80-222.33) and the patients with two C/S OR adj (95% C.I): 106.08(13.79-815.51) were significantly more in PAS group compared with those with no C/S (p-value <0.05 for both). Conclusion: Detection rate of ultrasound examination was good, and it is recommended for women with PAS risk factors. Decreasing the rate of cesarean section and encouraging vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) are the best ways of prevention of this pathology.
23
Shahnaz, Parveen, Monis Khan Mohammad, and Aziz Kamal. "Role of CA 125 Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Threatened Abortion." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 9 (2023): 1645–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11391951.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Background: </strong>A higher CA-125 level could be caused by genital or non-genital causes. Its levels rise early in pregnancy and shortly after delivery, suggesting that the maternal decidua and amnion have disintegrated. This suggests that any damage to the decidua or the basement membrane of the fetus would result in an increase in maternal CA-125 and indicate a subsequent miscarriage.We undertook the current study with this objective in mind in order to assess the prognostic role of CA-125 in predicting the pregnancy outcome in cases of threatening abortion. <strong>Methods: </strong>From June 2021 to May 2022, this prospective hospital-based observational study was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. 160 pregnant women (20–40 years old) with gestational ages ranging from 7 to 14 weeks participated in the study and reported vaginal bleeding. All of the patients’ features, including their age, gravidity, gestational period, and ultrasonographic findings, were identified, and information was gathered. The women in the study group were tracked prospectively from their initial session until gestational outcome and patients were classified into 2 groups Group (A): Abortion (cases) and Group (B): Delivered (controls). Each patient had 5 ml of venous blood drawn to measure the serum level of CA-125. The data was entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet and used there for analysis. <strong>Results: </strong>Out of 160 pregnant women, 68 (42.5%) were cases of abortions and remaining 92 (57.5) were cases of delivery. The baseline characteristics of the cases and controls were comparable as difference in age, BMI, gestational age at presentation, gravida, parity and previous abortions were non-significant (p>0.05).In cases the mean CA-125 levels were higher 101.23±63.81 IU/mL when compared with the controls 37.33±23.76 IU/mL and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). We also, derived the cut off for the CA-125 levels to predict the risk of abortion and cut derived was 63.21 IU/mL at the sensitivity and specificity of 85.21% and 91.43% respectively, with an accuracy of 90.65%. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Every pregnant woman who has bleeding in the early stages of her pregnancy may find it perplexing; up to 50% of such pregnancies are typically lost. We were able to distinguish better between pregnancies with a positive result and those without attributable to the analysis of maternal serum CA-125 levels.
24
Ade-Ojo, Idowu Pius, Temitope Omoladun Okunola, Amos Amoo Odetola, Adefunke Olarinre Babatola, and Tolulope Benedict Adeyanju. "The outcome of cervical stitch in the prevention of pre-viable and preterm deliveries in Nigerian Tertiary Hospital." Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2024.15.00734.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cervical incompetence, defined as the inability to sustain a pregnancy to term due to functional and anatomical defects of the cervix is a distressing cause of childlessness in Nigeria. Cervical cerclage, introduced into clinical practice by Shirodkar and McDonald in the 1950s still a time-tested intervention in the prevention of pregnancy wastages from cervical incompetence. Aim: The purpose of this study was to audit the outcome of the applications of cervical cerclages in the prevention of pregnancy wastages at the Maternity Complex of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital and Maternal and Child Specialists’ Clinic in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we included all pregnant women who had cervical stitches applied over ten years, (2010-2019). Information on sociodemographic biodata, risk factors, indications, and outcomes were collated. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS package, version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Statistical significance of the categorical variables was tested using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, confidence level of 95%and P-value of 0.05. Results: The 134 pregnant women diagnosed with cervical incompetence had cervical stitches applied over the ten years. 15,037 deliveries giving a prevalence rate of 0.89% of cervical incompetence. 75% were multigravida, while 92.5% were of low parity. Risk factors found included recurrent mid-trimester abortions (55%), and prior cervical dilatation (20%). The cervical cerclages were history and physical examination indicated in 22.5% and 75% had ultrasound scanning confirmation. In the majority (82.5%), cervical cerclage was placed at 14-16 weeks using Mersilene tape in 92.5%. Spinal anesthesia and conscious sedation were administered in equal proportion. Majority had McDonald’s procedure (96.27%) whereas only 3.73% had Shirodkar’s. Placement to removal interval ranged from 10-20 weeks in 53%, while in 12.5% it lasted 4 weeks. The indications for removal included pregnancy carried to term at 72.5%, preterm labor at 7.5%, and vagina bleeding occurred in 7.5% of cases. Vaginal deliveries were achieved in 62.5% while 25% had cesarean delivery. 7.5% expelled pre-viable fetuses. Cervical cerclage placement was successful in 75%, while 25% had failed cerclage. 10% of those who had failed cerclage had live births. We achieved 85% of babies take home. There was no significant association between the overall outcomes of cervical cerclage (inevitable abortion, preterm delivery, term delivery) and certain defined co-variables (age, gravidity, and parity). On multivariate linear regression. Conclusion: We recommend that timely application of cervical stitches will rescue women from pregnancy wastages associated with cervical incompetence in Ekiti State.
25
Wang, Jing, Pin Hu, Ying Yang, Yu Zhang, Yihong Lu, and Xiaoqin Wang. "Analysis of Risk Factors and Establishment of a Risk Prediction Model for Severe Postpartum Haemorrhage." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 85, no. 11 (2024): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2024.0455.
Full textAbstract:
Aims/Background Severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a dangerous condition, characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. It remains the leading preventable cause of maternal death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for severe PPH and establish a prediction model to identify severe PPH early, allowing for early intervention reduce maternal death. Methods Clinical data were collected from 784 patients diagnosed with PPH and delivered at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between December 2018 and December 2023. These cases were categorized into the training cohort. Severe PPH was diagnosed in 234 patients based on the criterion of the volume of vaginal bleeding volume exceeding 1000 mL within 24 hours after delivery; these patients were assigned to the experimental group. The remaining 550 patients with nonsevere PPH were assigned to the control group. Data from an additional 338 postpartum women from the same period were selected and classified into the validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to pinpoint the determinants associated with severe PPH. Additionally, these analyses were instrumental for developing and assessing a prediction model to forecast the risk of such complications. Results Most of the PPH cases in this study stemmed from uterine atony, the leading aetiology. The second most common factor was soft birth canal lacerations and haematoma formation, accounting for 7.26% of the subjects in experimental group and 6.55% of those in the control group. Uterine rupture, uterine inversion, and amniotic fluid embolism were exclusively observed in the experimental group. In the univariate analysis, notable disparities were identified across various parameters, including maternal age, gravidity, parity, abortion frequency, gestational week at delivery, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), in vitro fertilisation, foetal position, caesarean delivery, pregnancy with anaemia, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (p < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that a parity of two or more, two or more abortions, in vitro fertilisation, gestational weeks at delivery, foetal position, caesarean delivery, pregnancy with anaemia, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were independent predictors of severe PPH (p < 0.05). The predictive model demonstrated excellent calibration for the training and validation datasets, with the areas under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves measuring 0.799 and 0.759, respectively. Clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed a significant threshold exceeding 0.9, signifying a substantial net benefit and model precision. Conclusion Parity ≥2 times, abortion ≥2 times, in vitro fertilisation, gestational week at delivery, abnormal foetal position, caesarean delivery, pregnancy with anaemia, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are independent risk factors for severe PPH. The predictive model established in this study accurately predicts the occurrence of severe PPH and has significant value for clinical application.
26
Hochbaum, Solomon R. "Vaginal Bleeding." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 5, no. 3 (1987): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(20)31052-x.
Full text
27
Franjic, Sinisa. "Vaginal Bleeding." Archives of Reproductive Medicine and Sexual Health 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2639-1791.0201001.
Full text
28
Page, Ian. "Abnormal vaginal bleeding." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2, no. 6 (1995): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v2i6.976.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with the management of abnormal vaginal bleeding unrelated to pregnancy. Amenorrhoea, and abnormal bleeding in pregnancy would require separate articles. It is easiest to consider abnormal vaginal bleeding in three age groups - prepubertal, reproductive and postmenopausal.
29
&NA;. "Irregular Vaginal Bleeding." Nurse Practitioner 23, no. 5 (1998): 22???25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199805000-00002.
Full text
30
Chamberlain, G. "Irregular vaginal bleeding." BMJ 294, no. 6577 (1987): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6577.947.
Full text
31
Quint, Elisabeth H., and Sally E. Perlman. "Premenarchal Vaginal Bleeding." Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 14, no. 3 (2001): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1083-3188(01)00092-4.
Full text
32
Howell, Jennifer O., and Deborah Flowers. "Prepubertal Vaginal Bleeding." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 71, no. 4 (2016): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000000290.
Full text
33
Bryan, Sheila. "Abnormal vaginal bleeding." Emergency Medicine Australasia 15, no. 3 (2003): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00461.x.
Full text
34
Cotton, Michael, Sabine Schneiter, and Mohamed Benkabouche. "Prepubescent Vaginal Bleeding." Annals of Emergency Medicine 67, no. 5 (2016): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.01.018.
Full text
35
Chittenden, Bradley, and Jyotika Agotchiya. "Sporadic vaginal bleeding." Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 15, no. 6 (2005): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.curobgyn.2005.09.003.
Full text
36
M., Chaithra, Anitha G. S., Sukanya Suresh, and Savitha C. "First and second trimester bleeding and pregnancy outcome: a prospective study in a tertiary government hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20196050.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy is one of the common complications of pregnancy. there is evidence from various prospective and retrospective studies that first and second trimester vaginal bleeding which continue with pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm delivery, low birth weight babies, perinatal death and congenital anomalies. Objective of this study was to know the outcome of pregnancies who have bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy.Methods: This study was prospective study done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore from September 2018 to August 2019.Results: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding.Conclusions: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding. Bleeding in I trimester and II trimester call for special attention in view of increased risk of preterm birth and perinatal death. Recognition of these association will be useful for detection and follow up of pregnancies being at high risk.
37
Turner, Lanny M. "Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 12, no. 1 (1994): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(20)30450-8.
Full text
38
Quilon, Mark, Alec Glucksman, Gregory Emmanuel, Josh Greenstein, and Barry Hahn. "Female with Vaginal Bleeding." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 4 (2020): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.8.48627.
Full textAbstract:
Case Presentation: A 24-year-old pregnant female presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding. A point-of-care ultrasound demonstrated a calcified yolk sac. Discussion: When identified, calcification of the yolk sac in the first trimester is a sign of fetal demise. It is important for an emergency physician to be aware of the various signs and findings on point-of-care ultrasound and be familiar with the management of these pathologies.
39
Febres-Cordero, Daniela, and Brett C. Young. "Third-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding." NeoReviews 21, no. 8 (2020): e580-e586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.21-8-e580.
Full text
40
Nesse, Robert E. "Managing abnormal vaginal bleeding." Postgraduate Medicine 89, no. 1 (1991): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1991.11700798.
Full text
41
Levavi, H., D. Rabinerson, and A. Neri. "Self-inflicted vaginal bleeding." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 49, no. 3 (1995): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(95)02400-7.
Full text
42
Linnebur, Sunny A., Joseph J. Saseen, and Wilson D. Pace. "Venlafaxine-Associated Vaginal Bleeding." Pharmacotherapy 22, no. 5 (2002): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.22.8.652.33219.
Full text
43
Harnik, Ian, Yosef Golowa, and Hatef Massoumi. "Portal hypertensive vaginal bleeding." Hepatology 57, no. 5 (2013): 2085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26341.
Full text
44
Tasneem, Saira, Sanum Kashif, Erum Pervaiz, and Faisal Azam. "COMPARISON OF POST PLACENTAL INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE INSERTION BETWEEN VAGINAL DELIVERY AND CAESAREAN SECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 70, no. 6 (2020): 1707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.3988.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To compare the acceptability of insertion of post placental intra uterine contraceptive device, withrespect to gravidity between vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections.
 Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Frontier Corp Hospital, Quetta, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
 Methodology: A total of 399 females with age of 18 to 45 years with gravidity (primi, multi and grand multigravida) were counselled during antenatal visits about benefits and risks of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion. For complications, females were assessed at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery.
 Results: A total of 399 females with mean age 27.95 ± 5.07 years were included in study. About 235 (55.9%)women delivered vaginally and 164 (41.4%) women by caesarean section. Acceptance rate was 3.8% and 4.3% for vaginal and caesarean deliveries respectively. Eleven (73.3%) women were grand multi gravida and 4 women(26.6%) were multi gravid in vaginal delivery acceptance group versus 8 women (47%) grand multi and 9 women (52.9%) multi gravida in caesarean acceptance group. Five (15%) females presented with complications (3 with abdominal pain and 1 each with infection and expulsion).
 Conclusion: The overall acceptance rate of PPIUCD was low in this study, the acceptance rate was higher inwomen undergoing normal vaginal delivery (NVD) as compared to lower segment caesarean section (LSCS),similarly more of the grand multiparas accepted the method as compared to other participants however thedifferences were not statistically significant.
45
Rager, Kristin M., Amy Fowler, and Hatim A. Omar. "Successful treatment of Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate-related vaginal bleeding improves continuation rates in Adolescents." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.69.
Full textAbstract:
High discontinuation rates for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in adolescents may contribute to the number of unintended pregnancies. Many cite vaginal bleeding as a reason for discontinuing DMPA use. In this study, we attempted to determine if treating DMPA-associated vaginal bleeding with monophasic oral contraceptive pills (OCP) raised continuation rates. A total of 131 patients who reported vaginal bleeding while on DMPA were included in this study and 83 were treated with monophasic OCP. Of those who received OCP, 38.7% reported that vaginal bleeding stopped completely, 51.8% reported that vaginal bleeding stopped temporarily, and 6.0% reported no change. Overall, 94% of enrolled patients who received OCP as a treatment for DMPA-associated vaginal bleeding continued DMPA use. Our findings indicate that vaginal bleeding due to DMPA can be successfully treated, leading to improvement in continuation rates.
46
Onyemereze, C. O., E. O. Ezirim, E. M. Akwuruoha, et al. "Prevalence and Severity of Vaginal Bleeding among Pregnant Women in Southeast, Nigeria." Middle East Research Journal of Nursing 4, no. 06 (2024): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.36348/merjn.2024.v04i06.004.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy is a common clinical presentation that significantly affects maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence and severity of vaginal bleeding among pregnant women in Southeast, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted over two years, from January 2021 to December 2022, and included 3893 pregnant women (<20 weeks gestation) attending antenatal clinics or presenting at emergency departments. Data collection involved structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires, outpatient and emergency department records, and hospital medical records. Participants were categorized into two groups: women with and without vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. Vaginal bleeding severity was classified using the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines. Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2019, with frequencies and percentages used to summarize demographic and clinical data. Results: The prevalence of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy was 23.48% (n=914). Among those with vaginal bleeding, the severity was distributed as follows: spotting (10.50%), minor haemorrhage (40.37%), major haemorrhage (39.17%), and massive haemorrhage (9.96%). The majority of participants were aged 30-39 years (54.79%) and had secondary education (64.14%). Most women with vaginal bleeding also fell within the 30-39 age group (55.25%). Conclusion: The study highlights a notable prevalence of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, with a significant proportion experiencing major haemorrhage. Enhanced antenatal monitoring and public health interventions are recommended to manage and mitigate complications associated with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy.
47
Roy, Sandip Datta, and Mandeep Bhandal. "Endometriotic Vaginal Vault Nodule Causing Posthysterectomy Vaginal Bleeding." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 24, no. 4 (2017): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2016.09.010.
Full text
48
Ponnam, Chandramathi, Rama Devi V, Vaishnavi Ponnam, and Vinayaka Vishnu Vardhan Puppala. "Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 5 (2021): 378–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224868.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Background: </strong>Out of 100 pregnancies, approximately 15 to 25 women have vaginal bleeding in first trimester. This vaginal bleeding usually occurs 1 to 2 weeks after fertilization during implantation of fertilized egg in uterus lining. <strong>Aim: </strong>The present study evaluated the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study is a cross sectional study which was conducted between February 2017 to March 2019. 50 pregnant women with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy were admitted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. <strong>Results: </strong>Premature labour was found to be highest complication during first trimester vaginal bleeding which was 28%, other complications were premature membrane rupture (8%), placental abruption (14%), intrauterine death (2%), Intrauterine growth retardation (4%) and there were no complication in 14%. Caesarean section (28%) was highest pregnancy outcome in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding. 7 women had abortion. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded that predicting factors of mother and infant consequences of pregnancy might be first trimester vaginal bleeding.
49
Musyafa’ah, Nur Lailatul. "Rekonstruksi Fiqh Pendarahan Pervaginam dengan Pendekatan Medis." ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 8, no. 1 (2014): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2013.8.1.168-196.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the reconstruction of <em>fiqh </em>(Islamic jurisprudence) with regard to vaginal bleeding using a medical approach. The <em>f</em><em>iqh </em>of vaginal bleeding discusses menstruation, postpartum, and <em>isti</em><em>ḥâ</em><em>ḍah</em>. The discussion of <em>fiqh</em> is normative in nature, as it is based on the Qur’ân and Hadîth. Technological developments in medical science affect the deconstruction of <em>fiqh </em>pertaining to vaginal bleeding. As a resut, the opinions of previous jurists become less relevant, and the <em>fiqh</em> of vaginal bleeding needs to be reconstructed accordingly. This reconstruction can be conducted by using the empirical-normative approach to the study of <em>fiqh </em>with regard tovaginal bleeding, redefining the <em>fiqh</em> of vaginal bleeding, reinterpreting the argument of <em>fiqh </em>concerning vaginal bleeding, and making medical experts as partners in determining vaginal bleeding.
50
Nordin, A. J., and R. G. Bates. "Tampon-induced vaginal bleeding presenting as intermenstrual bleeding." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 51, no. 3 (1995): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(95)80028-x.
Full text