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Academic literature on the topic 'Vaisseaux sanguins – Greffe'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vaisseaux sanguins – Greffe"
Marcheix, Bertrand. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'étude de la maladie vasculaire du greffon." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/892/.
Full textBackground : In spite of progress in the field of immunosuppressive treatment, the allograft vasculopathy remains the first cause of graft loss after one year. The expérimental models appear essential for a better understanding of the implied mechanisms The traditional models are limited because of difficulties of transposition of the results to clinical situations in human. Goals : The goal of this work was to develop an original model to study AV consisting of the in vivo reconstitution in immunodeficient mice of human allogeneix conflicts. To achieve this goal, four intermediate stages were necessary : 1. The harvesting of human tissues in human cadaveric organ donors 2. The reconstitution of complete and functional human immune system in immunodeficient mice 3. The graft of human arterial grafts in mice 4. The reconstitution of expérimental groups (control, isogeneic, allogeneic) to valid the expérimental model of AV in allogeneic group and absence of AV in the control and isogeneic groups. Methods : The harvesting of human tissues in human cadaveric organ donors was organized in the whole Midi Pyrénées area after authorization of the ethic commitee of our insitution and of the French Transplantation Agency. Pièces of mesentery and segment of spleen were removed from the cadaveric organ donors. Defective SCID/Beige mice for immunity T, B and NK were used qfter checking of the absence of residual immunity (" leakiness "). A first part of this work focused on the reconsituttion of the human immune system in SCID/Beige mice : Mice were divided into 5 groups receiveing from 5 to 100 human illion splenocytes and into 2 groups receiving 5 to 10 million medullary cells. A weekly blood sample allowed typing of the circulating human cells (flow cytometry) and détection of human IgG (ELISA). After sacrifice, the lymphoid bodies were examined in immunohistochimy and flow cytometry. The second part of this work focused on the study of AV. SCID/Beige mice received infra rénal transplantation of segments of terminal collatéral of human mesenteric arteru using the " sleeve " anastomosis technique. Five to eight transplantation were carried out af in the 48 hours following each multi-organ harvesting. The transplantation was associated with an isogeneic immune reconstitution in 6 mice, while 12 mice underwent allogeneic reconstitution. .
Laflamme, Karina. "Réponse vasocontractile des endothélines sur les différentes tuniques (media et adventice) d'un vaisseau sanguin humain reconstruit par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22761/22761.pdf.
Full textMalikov, Sergueï. "Le Lambeau-pontage : une nouvelle technique de revascularisation artérielle pour sauvetage de membre(étude anatomique,expérimentale et clinique)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20662.
Full textIn case of important ischemic tissue loss of the lower limb the simultaneous problems of revascularization and cover are difficult to solve without high risk of amputation of the limb. In order to overcome these difficulties we proposed a new technique: the bypass flap (BF). This technique consists in a unique anatomical unit composed of an arterial axis which yields an arterial graft and a muscle flap sustained by a collateral branch of this graft. A part from this combined aspect, the technique presents further theoretical advantages: Use of autologous arterial material for the bypass, hemodynamic advantage with the increase of the bypass flow due to the attached muscle flap, diminution of the number of arterial anastomoses. The aim of this work was to define the anatomical bases of BF, to explore the hemodynamic effects of this technique and to analyse the first clinical experience. First, 20 cadavers were used for 40 anatomical preparations after injection of Rhodorsil. The study showed the anatomical feasibility of BF. It defined length and diameter of the arterial graft based on the subscapular and the thoracodorsal arteries, and it defined the anatomical variations of the branch to the flap in the form of serratus anterior muscle. Second, we demonstrated the anatomical and surgical feasibility as well as the hemodynamic effects of BF in the porcine model. The hemodynamic measures showed the 50% increase (p<0,05) of the blood flow at the level of the bypass with the introduction of the additional branches of the muscle flap. The data thus obtained evidenced the compliance and adaptability of the arterial autograft after transplantation. Third, we analysed the clinical results of the use of BF in 20 patients. They showed a 94% survival rate at 2 years; 94% patency of BF and 85% limb salvage. This study allowed to define the anatomical unit to be used for BF, to show the hemodynamic advantages and clinical feasibility of BF. The clinical result is the salvage of limbs until now doomed to amputation
Martz, Hugues. "Évaluation d'une prothèse vasculaire en polyuréthane : mitrathane." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD023.
Full textMagnan, Laure. "Développement, par ingénierie tissulaire, d’un substitut vasculaire entièrement biologique et humain grâce à l’utilisation d’une approche textile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0284.
Full textWhen autologous blood vessels are not available for bypass surgery, synthetic grafts are used but display high failure rates. Indeed, despite their good mechanical properties, their synthetic surface lead to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, which cause poor long-term patency in many applications. Using tissue engineering, completely biological and human vascular grafts have been produced by rolling sheets of extracellular matrix synthesized by dermal human fibroblasts in vitro. Using a new assembly technique based on a textile approach, grafts were produced three-time faster. To do so, sheets were cut into yarns to construct vascular substitute by weaving. This manuscript includes three articles. The first one aimed at showing the rich composition of the matrix, describing the organization of its complex network of collagens and demonstrating that the devitalization by drying the matrix did not significantly affect this organization. The second one described the mechanical properties of the yarns depending on the twisting, matrix age or different treatments useful for the manufacturing process. It also demonstrated some of the assembly techniques possible with this human yarn, as well as its possible use as a suture or to build a vascular graft. The third article showed the survival of the yarns subcutaneously implanted for 6 month in nude rats. The implants created little inflammatory response, were mildly remodeled and kept a significant mechanical strength. Decellularization did not show results improvement compared to the simple devitalization, demonstrating that the remaining cellular fragments were not a meaningful activator of the innate immune system. To conclude, this thesis is the first demonstration of the production of human textiles, without using any exogenous material and that are mechanically very strong. Both the devitalization and the textile approach have allowed to create a simpler allogeneic model, faster and cheaper but with an intact potential of integration in vivo, that will be studied very soon with a long-term implantation of the textile in the bloodstream