Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Vaisseaux sanguins – Propriétés mécaniques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Vaisseaux sanguins – Propriétés mécaniques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vaisseaux sanguins – Propriétés mécaniques"
Lévesque, Philippe. "Conception d'un montage de caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de vaisseaux reconstruits par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26713/26713.pdf.
Full textTissue engineering presents a promising approach for producing tissues to replace, repair or reproduce tissues and organs to be used for reconstructive surgery or as a research model. Tissue engineered vascular constructs can be partially characterized by measuring certain mechanical properties such as burst pressure and compliance and submitting them to creep and fatigue tests. Measuring these mechanical properties allows researchers to assess a method’s capability of producing vascular constructs possessing mechanical properties similar to those of native vessels. A system to measure these important mechanical properties in a reliable, precise and repeatable manner was designed and built. The computer controlled system exposed the vascular constructs to various hydrostatic pressures and simultaneously recorded the construct’s internal pressure and external diameter. These values are then used to calculate the mechanical properties of interest.
Aubert, Jean-Thomas. "Contractions musculaires et retour veineux du membre inférieur." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003949390204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to quantify the influence of muscular activity on venous return in the lower limb. In background, it combines the biomechanics of movement and theory of collapsible tubes. Venous flow rate was measured by echo duplex scan on the Common Femoral Vein which stands for the lower limb venous network output. Movement parameters were controlled by goniometers, accelerometers and a force plate. Muscular activity was measured by surface electromyography. It is shown that muscular activities have a large influence on venous return via the veins’ compliance. A correlation between muscular activity and lower limb venous outflow has been established, but results showed a limit of saturation afterwards any augmentation of muscular contraction had no significant effect on venous outflow. In addition, expulsed volume of blood and venous external pressure has been correlated. A part of this study concerns about the effects of contention stockings on venous return. At rest, venous flow rate decreases of 30 % under type II contention. When executing movements, wearing contention stockings seems to increase the normalized venous flow rate. In particular, those results were unlighted by experiments on the voluntary contraction of crural muscles
Fiola, Marie-Christine. "Mécanotransduction endothéliale en réponse à un flux pulsatile dans un substitut vasculaire obtenu par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26507/26507.pdf.
Full textLainé, Audrey. "Conception and validation of non-conventional mechanical charaterization protocols specific to soft tissues for vascular application." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28169.
Full textCardiovascular diseases represent one of the principal causes of death worldwide. It is therefore of high importance to improve our understanding of their mechanisms of action and their impact on health. To help people suffering from these diseases, tissue engineering is emerging as a promising technique for developing regenerated constructs to replace diseased tissues and organs. However, apart from being biologically compatible, the developed construct also needs to have mechanical properties like the one of native tissues. It is therefore necessary to perform mechanical characterization on the tissue engineered construct to validate its suitability. When it comes to mechanical characterization, a lot of approaches are used by different research groups as there is absolutely no standard in this field. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to develop and validate non-conventional mechanical characterization protocols specific to soft tissues for vascular application. First, a testing protocol was developed to characterize disk-shaped collagen gel samples. Secondly, the same collagen gel, but in tubular geometry, were densified and also characterized. Finally, a mechanical testing protocol and device was developed in order to characterize very small caliber blood vessels, such as mouse aortas. This thesis also presents other techniques for mechanical characterization used for vascular tissue, as along with protocols developed in the process of external collaboration with different research groups.
Meghezi, Sébastien. "Étude et amélioration des propriétés mécaniques de structures d'échafaudage à base de collagène pour la régénération du tissu vasculaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26400.
Full textDesigning biological tissues in laboratory in order to replace or improve the functionality of a failing organ, or create a tissue which could be a model to test new medicinal formulations as alternative to animal experiments, is no longer a dream and is worth being considered. Tissue engineering is based on the ability of cells to regenerate a neo-tissue when cultured in adequate culture conditions. To address the lack of autologous blood vessels for peripheral or coronary bypass, vascular tissue engineering brings new hopes in creating substitutes in vitro in order to replace small diameter blood vessels (< 6 mm). The scientific approach of this thesis work consists in using a natural protein, collagen, as a scaffold to make the vascular cells proliferate. The main objective of this thesis is to reinforce the collagen structures supporting cells, in order to be able to mechanically and biochemically stimulate them during the maturation of the growing tissue in a "dynamic" bioreactor. It is noteworthy to point out that there is no standard method to mechanically characterize hydrogels. This thesis work managed to define the most adequate conditions to estimate the mechanical and the viscoelastic properties of collagen scaffolds: they must be tested in a pseudo-physiological environment (PBS bath at 37°C) without mechanical preconditioning and measured in stress relaxation, which gives the elastic modulus, an important parameter to consider when a material is subjected to cyclic mechanical stimulation. Then, after having shown relative effects of a physical reticulation agent (UVs exposure), the development of a "static" bioreactor showed the high potential of smooth muscle cells to reinforce the tubular collagen structure during a static culture period. The results of the mechanical characterization techniques specifically developed for this project, and microscopic imaging techniques, show that at the end of this culture period, the reorganization of the cells and of the collagen fibrils leads to a noteworthy mechanical and viscoelastic reinforcement of the vascular construct, mature enough to be put in place in a dynamic bioreactor. In the perspective of tissue regeneration, and considering the importance of the structure-properties relations and cells-extracellular matrix interactions, this thesis project establishes the important role of the static culture period preceding the culture period in the dynamic bioreactor.
Achilli, Matteo. "Modification de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques d'échafaudages à base de gels de collagène pour la régénération du tissu vasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28722/28722.pdf.
Full textThe need for small-caliber vascular replacements has attracted considerable attention on the development of scaffold-based vascular constructs in bioreactors. Reconstituted collagen gels represent ideal substrates for cell-mediated remodeling, but their low strength and low elasticity, limits their application as scaffold for the regeneration of the vascular tissue. These features result from collagen extraction and the consequent loss of structural organization. The objective of this project was to improve the mechanical performances of collagen gels in order to support the growth and the maturation of the vascular tissue under cyclic conditioning. Considering how fundamental collagen assembly is for the mechanical behavior of native tissues, the microstructure of reconstituted collagen lattices was modified by working on three aspects: 1) The intermolecular interactions and the aggregation of collagen monomers were tailored by modulating the experimental conditions, including pH, temperature, ionic strength and collagen concentration; 2) Inter-fibril crosslinking was carried out in order to fix neighboring collagen fibrils through their reactive side chains; 3) Gels were compacted and fibrils were aligned through cell-mediated remodeling. Spectrophotometric analyses and SEM confirmed the effects of changes in experimental conditions and cell-mediated remodeling on collagen gels microstructure. Notably, the presence of SMCs lead to tighter and highly oriented lattices, moreover in the presence of mechanical constraints. Mechanical tests showed that the adopted procedures contributed to the stiffening of collagen lattices. In particular, the modulation of the experimental conditions combined with crosslinking lead to lattices presenting lower hysteresis and higher elasticity as shown by cyclic tests. In conclusion, this study produced, in a short time (24-48 h), collagen gel-based lattices with improved stiffness, strength, and elastic recoil. The results suggest that these lattices are serious candidates for the role of temporary supports during the maturation period under cyclic loading.
Abdel, Rahman Mahmoud Rania. "Toward the building of a local criteria of vascular lesion at the microscopical scale using homogenization." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/ABDEL_RAHMAN_MAHMOUD_Rania_2010.pdf.
Full textAcute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a potentially devastating, yet curable extra axial fluid collection within the potential subdural space. It is classically associated with tearing of the bridging veins (BVs) caused by the brain–skull relative motion. In the current work, we tried to develop an analytical tool to be used in the prediction of ASDH arising from this type of lesion. The homogenization technique based on asymptotic expansion was applied, on the macro–meso scale, in order to find the effective mechanical properties of the brain–skull interface region. These properties were then incorporated into a finite element model of the human head to get the global stress–strain behavior in the elements of the interface region and the stretch strain in BVs. In addition, the mechanical behavior of the subarachnoid and subdural portions of the BV was investigated. Moreover, a meso–micro homogenization technique was applied on the BV wall to get the local mechanical behavior within the collagen fibers and the elastin matrix. Finally, a failure criterion for the BVs was developed defining the rupture location and the threshold of the rotational acceleration of the human head that cause the failure of the vein
Nierenberger, Mathieu. "Mécanique multiéchelles des parois vasculaires : expérimentation, imagerie, modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966831.
Full textRamaël, Bruno. "Caractérisation in situ des propriétés mécaniques des parois vasculaires par une technique non invasive." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2314/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on identifying the mechanical properties of facial arteries. It is part of FlowFace project, which focuses on the study of the facial arterial system by MRI imaging. It is based on a measurement campaign conducted on a sample of 30 people at the Hospital of Amiens, which allowed obtaining noninvasively the evolution of the blood vessel deformation and the measurement of the flow. Diastolic and systolic pressures were measured at the arm independently of the MRI measurements. The aim of the thesis was to model the deformation of blood vessels and to implement an optimization technique to determine their mechanical properties by inverse analysis using MRI measurements of deformation. Simulations of the behavior of the blood vessels were performed, using ANSYS Inc. software, modeling fluid-structure interactions both strong and weak coupling. The objective was to determine the parietal deformations induced by hemodynamic conditions and pressure drops in the vessels concerned. The simulations involved hyperelastic and large deflection models to simulate the behavior of the wall. They allow calculate the numerical displacements that we compared with experimental displacements measured by MRI, the aim is that the difference between numerical and experimental be as low as possible to deduce the adequate mechanical parameters for the artery. To identify the mechanical properties of the vessels, the optimization technique proposed in ANSYS based on genetic algorithms or gradient algorithms was used. The identification method was validated on cylindrical tubes (elastomer), for which deformation measurements were acquired by MRI imaging under pulsating flow. The values of mechanical properties determined were compared with those obtained by traction tests and dilatation tests. One of the crucial points of identification involves the determination of the non-stress state. If it is a known parameter for the elastic tube, it has to be determining for blood vessels. The challenge of this thesis is to determine from a "minimum" quantity of pressure and deformation information, the hyper-elastic properties of blood vessels. The method based on a patient-specific geometry deformation concluded that the tangent modulus in diastole is approximately 200kPa while that in systole is in a range of 300 kPa to 1 MPa
Correia, José. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés de copolymères dérivés du poly(chlorure de vinyle) analogues a l'héparine." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132035.
Full text