Academic literature on the topic 'Valets dans la litt©♭rature'

La solvabilit? est un terme qui est utilis? quotidiennement, et qui ? premi?re vue semble clair et compr?hensible. La question de la solvabilit? des entreprises est trait?e par les sciences ?conomiques et juridiques. Les ?conomistes ?tudient la solvabilit? dans les disciplines comptables et financi?res, tandis que les juristes traitent cette question principalement dans la loi sur les faillites. L?analyse du contenu s?mantique de ce terme dans les manuels scolaires de la comptabilit? et des finances r?v?le une diff?rence significative. Ayant pass? en revue la litt?rature et les textes l?gislatifs, les choses ne deviennent pas plus claires. Cependant il se r?v?le un tout nouveau contenu s?mantique de ce terme. Par cons?quence, dans notre litt?rature, il y a trois contenus s?mantiques de la solvabilit?. L?article d?fend l?id?e qu?il n?y a qu?un seul contenu s?mantique correct de se terme, et qu?il peut ?tre d?termin? exclusivement par l?analyse ?tymologique.

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Ce travail est un ?tude de cas qui analyse la construction lit?raire du paysage du ? Sert?o? du Cear? entre la fin du si?cle XIX et le d?but du si?cle XX. Pour cela, quelques oeuvre simbole de la production lit?raire du Cear? ont ?t? s?lectionn?s, comme les textes qui suivent: O sertanejo (1875), de Jos? Martiniano de Alencar; Os retirantes (1879), de Jos? Carlos do Patroc?nio; A fome (1890), de Rodolfo Marcos Te?filo; Luzia-Homem (1903), de Domingos Ol?mpio Braga Cavalcanti; Terra de sol: natureza e costumes do Norte (1912), de Gustavo Dodt Barroso et finalement, Aves de arriba??o (1914), de Ant?nio Sales. Ces oeuvres non seulement prend la nature comme personage, elles repr?sentent aussi trois moments de la production lit?raire du Cear? : romantique, r?aliste et naturaliste. A inven??o da Terra da Luz se rapporte ? l id?e d une litt?rature qui fait remarquer le paysage diurne du Sert?o du Cear?, ?labor?e par ces hommes des lettres dans ses discours formidables, beaux et des mat?riaux qui viennent de ses rapports avec le monde naturel. Pour r?aliser une tel entreprise, les id?es de Edmund Burke et Gaston Bachelard se sont constitu?s en r?f?rence de cet ?tude. Et cette r?flexion sur la description, la r?verie et l imagination marchent c?te-?-c?te au discours de ces litt?reurs qui ont construits un espace simbolique sp?cifique : le sert?o du Cear?. Comme ?a, quelques th?mes deviennent canonique ? la forme de penser, repr?senter et imaginer l espace du sert?o du Cear?. De cette mani?re, le paysage est beaucoup plus que la contemplation, une fois qu elle est li?e aussi ? la r?verie po?tique, ? la m?moire et l imagination. C est de l? l invention du paysage, car ces litt?reurs n ont pas l acc?s au paysage purement naturel parce que ses perceptions et sensibilit?es sur le monde du sert?o ont ?t? historiquement, c est-?-dire, dans un certain temps et espace
Este trabalho ? um estudo de caso que analisa a constru??o liter?ria da paisagem sertaneja cearense entre fins do s?culo XIX e in?cio do s?culo XX. Para tanto, algumas obras ?cones da produ??o liter?ria do Cear? foram selecionadas, como os seguintes textos: O sertanejo (1875), de Jos? Martiniano de Alencar; Os retirantes (1879), de Jos? Carlos do Patroc?nio; A fome (1890), de Rodolfo Marcos Te?filo; Luzia-Homem (1903), de Domingos Ol?mpio Braga Cavalcanti; Terra de sol: natureza e costumes do Norte (1912), de Gustavo Dodt Barroso e, por ?ltimo, Aves de arriba??o (1914), de Ant?nio Sales. Essas obras al?m de tomarem a natureza como personagem, representam tr?s momentos da produ??o liter?ria cearense: rom?ntica, realista e naturalista. A inven??o da Terra da Luz est? relacionada ? id?ia de uma literatura que d? ?nfase na paisagem diurna do sert?o do Cear?, elaborada por meio desses homens de letras em seus discursos sublimes, belos e materiais emergidos de suas rela??es com o mundo natural. Para realizar tal empreendimento, as id?ias de Edmund Burke e Gaston Bachelard se constitu?ram em balizas do estudo. A partir desses autores ? poss?vel pensar que a descri??o, o devaneio e a imagina??o andam lado a lado na fala desses literatos ao constru?rem um espa?o simb?lico espec?fico: o sert?o cearense. Dessa maneira, certos temas se tornaram c?nones na forma de pensar, representar e imaginar o espa?o sertanejo do Cear?. Assim, a paisagem ? muito mais do que a contempla??o, uma vez que ela ? ligada tamb?m ao devaneio po?tico, ? mem?ria e a imagina??o. Da? a inven??o da paisagem, pois esses literatos n?o concebem e nem tem acesso a paisagem puramente natural porque as suas percep??es e sensibilidades sobre o mundo sertanejo foram constru?das historicamente, isto ?, em um dado tempo e espa?o

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On analyse une exp?rience de l enseignement de philosophie dans l enseignement secondaire par la litt?rature. La sc?ne d intervention a ?t? l Institut F?d?ral d ?ducation, Science et Technologie du Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), dans l ann?e 2008. L ?tude ? caract?re qualitatif a adopt? un mod?le de recherche participant, dans laquelle le chercheur a intervenu dans son propre contexte de classe. On a utilis? l investigation d un ouvrage existentialiste de Jean-Paul Sartre, le roman La Naus?e, comme contribution m?thodologique pour l enseignement de philosophie. On a adopt? le recours de la litt?rature avec contenu philosophique ? partir de la proposition apport?e para les Param?tres Curriculaires Nationaux pour l Enseignement Secondaire (PCNEM) : celle qu on ne doit ni avoir la pr?tention de former de philosophes professionnels ni banaliser la philosophie aupr?s des ?l?ves. En partant du principe que l existentialisme a ?t? un courant philosophique qui a utilis? la litt?rature entant qu expression d id?es philosophiques, on a envisag? le potentiel p?dagogique du voisinage communicant entre la philosophie et la litt?rature que lie l exp?rience litt?raire avec les textes qui montrent aussi la discussion philosophique. L id?e force a ?t? celle de traiter concepts philosophiques a partir de la litt?rature comme invitation ? la r?flexion, en analysant l ?l?ment ludique dans la litt?rature comme jeu de la pens?e. La pens?e consid?r?e comme action ludique arriverait parmi l id?al d en chercher de meilleures mani?res ? comprendre la r?alit? en ?tant cet id?al esth?tique assum? dans l effort d imprimer sens au chaos des exp?riences. Les situations p?dagogiques en classe comptent fr?quemment avec moment de dialogue a propos des probl?mes existentiels affront?s par le protagoniste du roman, Antoine Roquentin, consid?r?s comme questions philosophiques et d?battues par l investigation dialogique tout suite apr?s la lecture des parties du livre. Dans ce sens, on a cherch? ? suivre les marches de la m?thode socratique dans lequel questionner e questionner ? soi m?me soient les moles propulseurs de la r?flexion philosophique. L investigation dialogique a ?t? ?tendue pendant cinq rencontres de quatre-vingt-dix minutes interpr?t?s par une analyse discursive qui a essay? d ?tablir des rapports entre le discours de l enseignant et des ?l?ves avec le discours de la tradition philosophique. Cette recherche a aussi envisag? ? produire une r?flexion sur la pratique de l auteur lui-m?me de l ?tude. Celui-ci peut-?tre soit l objectif le plus largement atteint : prendre conscience de l importance de la formation d un enseignant r?flexif qui associe dans sa praxis le savoir faire avec la critique honn?te de sa propre capacit? professionnel
Analisa-se uma experi?ncia de ensino de Filosofia no ensino m?dio atrav?s da media??o da literatura. O palco da interven??o foi o Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), no ano de 2008. O estudo, de car?ter qualitativo, adotou um modelo de pesquisa participante, no qual o pesquisador interveio em seu pr?prio contexto de sala de aula. Utilizou-se na investiga??o uma obra existencialista de Jean-Paul Sartre, o romance A N?usea, como contribui??o metodol?gica para o ensino de Filosofia. Adotou-se o recurso da literatura com conte?do filos?fico a partir da proposi??o trazida pelos Par?metros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino M?dio (PCNEM), a de que nem se deve ter a pretens?o de formar fil?sofos profissionais, nem se deve banalizar a Filosofia junto aos alunos. Partindo-se do princ?pio de que o existencialismo foi uma corrente filos?fica que utilizou a literatura enquanto express?o de ideias filos?ficas, vislumbrou-se o potencial pedag?gico da vizinhan?a comunicante entre a filosofia e a literatura que une a experi?ncia liter?ria com textos que tamb?m mostram a discuss?o filos?fica. A ideia-for?a foi a de tratar conceitos filos?ficos a partir da literatura como convite ? reflex?o, analisando o elemento l?dico na literatura enquanto jogo do pensamento. O pensamento, considerado como a??o l?dica, darse- ia atrav?s do ideal de se buscar melhores maneiras de se entender a realidade, sendo este ideal est?tico assumido no esfor?o de imprimir sentido ao caos das experi?ncias. As situa??es pedag?gicas em sala de aula contaram frequentemente com momentos de di?logo acerca dos problemas existenciais enfrentados pelo protagonista do romance, Antoine Roquentin, considerados como quest?es filos?ficas, e debatidos atrav?s da investiga??o dial?gica logo ap?s a leitura de trechos do livro. Nesse sentido, procurou-se seguir os passos do m?todo socr?tico, em que o perguntar e o perguntar-se seriam as molas propulsoras da reflex?o filos?fica. A investiga??o dial?gica estendeu-se durante cinco encontros de noventa minutos, interpretados atrav?s de uma an?lise discursiva que tentou estabelecer rela??es entre o discurso do professor e dos alunos com o discurso da tradi??o filos?fica. Esta pesquisa tamb?m intentou produzir uma reflex?o acerca da pr?pria pr?tica pedag?gica do autor deste estudo. Este, talvez, tenha sido o objetivo mais amplamente alcan?ado: conscientizar-se da import?ncia da forma??o de um professor reflexivo que combine na sua pr?xis o saber fazer com a cr?tica honesta da sua pr?pria capacidade profissional

Cette th??se se consacre ?? l???analyse de l???image de la prison dans la litt??rature fran??aise et qu??b??coise du 20e si??cle et du d??but du 21e si??cle. Elle examine un corpus vaste et vari?? constitu?? d???ouvrages de fiction et de t??moignage traitant de la prison et de l???exp??rience carc??rale ??crits entre 1910 et 2010. L???objectif de cette th??se est de d??finir la conceptualisation et les repr??sentations litt??raires de la prison et de l???enfermement dans la p??riode analys??e. Elle essaie de montrer que l???exp??rience carc??rale suscite un type particulier de r??flexion qui s???exprime par l???interm??diaire d???un genre litt??raire mixte, o?? l???autobiographie et la fiction s???entrecroisent. L???analyse se situe dans la perspective des ??tudes litt??raires et culturelles. La m??thodologie r??unit plusieurs approches : les th??ories sur le genre litt??raire des ouvrages carc??raux (Andrew Sobanet), les th??ories sur le t??moignage et sur la m??moire (Paul Ric??ur et Gis??le Mathieu-Castellani), les th??ories sur l???espace et le temps (Gaston Bachelard, Maurice Blanchot, Georges Mator?? et Pierre Bourdieu), et l???approche historique et sociologique (Michel Foucault, Gilles Chantraine, Marion Vacheret et Guy Lemire, Jacques Laplante). L???originalit?? de cette th??se r??side dans l???image d???ensemble qu???elle cherche ?? fournir de la repr??sentation de la prison de 1910 ?? 2010. La sp??cificit?? des ??crits de prison sera cern??e ?? partir d???un corpus complexe et d???une s??rie de questions bien d??limit??es : la mani??re dont les r??formes du syst??me p??nitentiaire sont refl??t??es dans la litt??rature carc??rale, la sp??cificit?? du t??moignage comme genre litt??raire issu de cette exp??rience d???enfermement dans les prisons fran??aises et canadiennes du 20e si??cle et les strat??gies fictionnelles de la litt??rature sur la prison.

The notion of community is pivotal in the sociological tradition. According to Nisbet (1966), “the most fundamental and far-reaching of sociology’s unit ideas is community” (p. 47). Yet, it is not easy to define what a community is. Though in everyday life the concept of “community” is widespread, nonetheless this concept is very problematic in scientific reflections, partly because of its strongly interdisciplinary nature. As long ago as 1955, Hillery could list and compare 94 different definitions of “community,” finding only some common elements among them, such as social interaction, area, and common ties. Generally speaking, a community can be defined as “a group of persons who share something more or less decisive for their life, and who are tied by more or less strong relationships” (Cantoni & Tardini, 2006, p. 157). It is worth noticing here that the term “community” seems to have only favorable connotations. As observed in 1887 by Ferdinand Tönnies, the German sociologist who first brought the term “community” into the scientific vocabulary of the social sciences, “a young man is warned about mixing with bad society: but ‘bad community’ makes no sense in our language” (Tönnies, 2001, p. 18; Williams, 1983). Two main ways of considering communities can be singled out: 1. Communities can be intended as a set of people who have something in common, and 2. Communities can be intended as groups of people who interact. The distinction between the two ways of conceiving a community is very well illustrated by an example provided by Aristotle. In his Politics (3.1.12), the Greek philosopher tells that, when Babylon was captured by an invading army of Persians, in certain parts of the city the capture itself had not been noticed for three days. This is the reason why Aristotle considers Babylon not a polis, but an ethnos. In fact, according to Aristotle, what distinguishes the polis, that is, the perfect form of community (see Politics 1.1.1), from the ethnos is the presence of interactions and communications among the citizens. In a polis citizens speak to each other, they interact and communicate, while in an ethnos they just have the same walls in common. In the sense of the ethnos, we speak, for instance, of the community of the linguists, of the community of Italian speaking people, of the open source community, and so on. The members of such communities usually do not know each other, they do not communicate each with all the others, but they have the perception of belonging to the community, they are aware of being part of it. According to Cohen (1985), such communities are symbolic constructions. Rather than being structures, they are entities of meaning, founded on a shared conglomeration of normative codes and values that provide community members with a sense of identity. In a similar way, Anderson (1991) defines the modern nations (the Aristotelian ethne) as “imagined communities”: [They are] imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellowmembers, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. […] In fact, all communities larger than primordial villages or face-to-face contact (and perhaps even these) are imagined. (pp. 5-6)

ABSTRACT Jake field, discovered in July, 2006, contains 10 oil-producing and 12 condensate gas-producing zones. The wells have high flow capacities, producing from long-perforation interval of 3,911 ft (from 4,531 to 8,442 ft). Production mechanisms include gas injection in downdip wells and traditional gas lift in updip, zonal production wells since the start-up of field in July, 2010. Following pressure depletion of oil and condensate-gas zones and water breakthrough, traditional gas-lift wells became inefficient and dead. Based on nodal analysis of entire pay zones, successful innovations in gas lift have been made since March, 2013. This paper highlights them in the following aspects: Extend end of tubing to the bottom of perforations for commingled production of oil and condensate gas zones, in order to utilize condensate gas producing from the lower zones for in-situ gas lift.Produce well stream from the casing annulus while injecting natural gas into the tubing.High-pressure nitrogen generated in-situ was used to kick off the dead wells, instead of installation of gas lift valves for unloading. After unloading process, the gas from compressors was injected down the tubing and back up the casing annulus.For previous high water-cut producers, prior to continuous gas lift, approximately 3.6 MMcf of nitrogen can be injected and soaked a couple of days for anti-water-coning.Two additional 10-in. flow lines were constructed to minimize the back pressure of surface facilities on wellhead. As a consequence, innovative gas-lift brought dead wells back on production, yielding average sustained liquid rate of 7,500 bbl/d per well. Also, the production decline curves flattened out than before.

Abstract Fiber Optic (FO) sensing capabilities for downhole monitoring include, among other techniques, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). The appeal of DTS and DAS data is based on its high temporal and spatial sampling, allowing for very fine localization of processes in a wellbore. Furthermore, the broad frequency spectrum that especially DAS data is acquired with, enables observations, ranging from more continuous effects like oil flow, to more distinct effects like opening and closing of valves. Due to the high data volume of hundreds of Gb per well per hour, DAS data has traditionally been acquired acquisition-based, where data is recorded for a limited amount of time and processed at a later point in time. This limits the decision-making capability based on this data as reacting to events is only possible long after the event occurred. Equinor has addressed these decision-making shortcomings by building a real-time streaming solution for transferring, processing, and interpretation of its FO data at the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea. The streaming solution for FO data consists of offshore interrogators streaming raw DAS and DTS data via a dedicated bandwidth to an onshore processing cluster. There, DAS data is transformed into FO feature data, e.g., Frequency Band Energies, which are heavily decimated versions of the raw data; allowing insight extraction, while significantly reducing data volumes. DTS and DAS FO feature data are then streamed to a custom-made, cloud-based visualization and integration platform. This cloud-based platform allows efficient inspection of large data sets, control and evaluation of applications based on these data, and sharing of FO data within the Johan Sverdrup asset. During the last year, this FO data streaming pipeline has processed several tens of PB of FO data, monitoring a range of well operations and processes. Qualitatively, the benefits and potential of the real-time data acquisitions have been illustrated by providing a greater understanding of current well conditions and processes. Alongside the FO data pipeline, multiple prototype applications have been developed for automated monitoring of Gas Lift Valves, Safety Valve operations, Gas Lift rate estimation, and monitoring production start-up, all providing insights in real-time. For certain use cases, such as monitoring production start-up, the FO data provides a previously non-existent monitoring solution. In this paper, we will discuss in detail the FO data pipeline architecture from-platform-to-cloud, illustrate several data examples, and discuss the way-forward for "real-time" FO data analytics.