Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Valeur démocratique'
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Loubaki, Gilbert. "Valeurs et conflits de valeur chez des enfants Kongo de la République Populaire du Congo : aspects de la construction de la personne." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20038.
Full textThe values exist but are they expressed in the same way everywhere ? should there be any distinctive characteristic among kongo people ? the specificity of the context in which the study is carried out requieres before hand view of culture, that includes observations, daily practices, interviews. . . To understand the forming of the person also means and mostly grasping the complexity of the cultural environment. Therefore, the values signify the person and the person has his meanings through essential values. This is carried out by connecting basic ties that never break. They express a contant balance work of two poles : filiation links and union ties. The inflation or the breaking of one of the poles give rise to conflicts. In short, thanks to our environment we will try a theorization of the child's appropriateness in his cultural context and to himself
Bekkada, Zaza. "Pour une approche communicationnelle de la valeur de l'eau : de la valeur marchande de l'eau (prix de l'eau) vers la valeur symbolique de l'eau : un regard anthropologique dans le contexte démocratique d'Europe occidentale, le cas de la France." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100105.
Full textThe problematics-the circuitous metaporphosis of the symbolic value of water into market value-attempts to uncover, in the context of democratic western Europe, the vanished or hidden links between the market value of water (water bill) and its symbolic value. The research perspective consisted of finding a method best suited to encompass anthropology, economics and law, as well as information and communication sciences. A multi-disciplary approach was found to be most appropriate to our theoretical frame and reference. The principal scope of our theoretical readings, built on the work of Abeles, Augier, Radkowski and Douglas, is predominantly anthropological and leads us to a multidisciplinary approach and a attempt to deepen the concept of defilement (purity1 danger) through a lexicographical study. .
Matenda, Kyelu Athanase. "L'introduction de la TVA en République démocratique du Congo : contribution à une théorie critique de la décision fiscale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020077/document.
Full textSunday 1 January 2012, the Democratic Republic of Congo became the 48th African state of 54 to adopt VAT. This is an order-law of 20 August 2010, taken on enabling legislation and supplemented by a decree of November 22,2011 that has made this country the last giant of the continent to the transition tax required by the IMF. It took ten years of work within the DGI, in participation with professionals and under the constant supervision of a representative of the IMF andremains biannual mission control for this tax applies to all taxpayers in 5600with more than 80 thousand dollars in revenue, with a hope of reaching15,000 subjects in a country with 60 million inhabitants.Therefore, if the progressive development and the participatory VAT isa full administrative success, since a part from a brief consultation with the Senate, Parliament has not been able to issue a consent, even after his reelection in 2012 when it came to complete the original plan, with a right ofoption for example, after a year's management who posed difficult problems expected for the accounting treatment of loan repayments upstream,iconoclastic a question remains unanswered: was it really a necessity to havea VAT in a country where war rages endemic to the east?While other African countries have. The DRC model of VAT introduced alsodraws heavily on what happens in the continent, with tax thresholds,exemptions and uniformity of rates found in other countries and complies withguidelines harmonizers’ regional unions. But apart from the stress of the IMFleaves no choice, even with tax revenues significantly improved compared tothe old taxation revenue, would not it have been more efficient to go to the audacity of a changing technology tariffs to make them tax-deductible, while keeping them instead to align itself with the classical solution of their reduction and deletion, with the introduction of compensation precisely a VAT?This is a paradigm shift in fiscal policy that this book offers a critical final of the introduction of VAT
Castano, Christophe. "Valeurs démocratiques, mémoire et mobilisation collectives : études expérimentales." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H032.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the role of democratic values for collective memory and mobilisation. A first study tries to understand how values of freedon and equality organize collective memory of important events of history. This collective memory is compared according to the age of the participants and their nationality (French, Portuguese, Brazilian and Mexican). The second study concerns social representation of French revolution and the evaluations of his actors. An other study analyzes the links between social representation of democracy and political mobilisation during the social crisis of French presidential elections of 2002. The last study explores the link between social representation of ideal democracy and intentions of action to fight racism. The results obtained in these four studies are analyzed in particular according to the role of democratic institutions to form the historical identity of the community
Zoroyan, Naïra. "La réception des valeurs démocratiques européennes en Arménie : analyse générale des normes internes à la lumière des exigences de la démocratie, de l'état de droit et des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10042.
Full textHołubowicz, Maria. "Les journalistes polonais 1989-1999 : importateurs des valeurs de la démocratie libérale." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030019.
Full textAfter 1989, the polish press soon diversified, breaking the state monopoly of the information network. Our study shows that in the mid-nineties, polish journalists were unanimously in favour of democracy and its values. So, did polish journalists really import the values of western democracy to poland, and if so, to what extent ? even if they did not entirely understand or accept the "rules of journalism" under a democracy, how were polish journalists able, under state supervision and submitted to the requirements of communist ideology for nearly half a century, to turn so quickly to liberal democract, political pluralism and the free market ? actually, the liberalisation of the press in poland did not happen overnight. It was prepared practically from the beginning of the communist system in poland. This is true both of the press and the people connected to it working at the margins of the official media system, and also of the journalists working for the state press. Their mission was to "bend reality" according to communist ideology even if they observed every day the absurdity of such a task. This goes a long way to explain their criticism, indeed their rejection of the ruling regime. Their opposition to the soviet press model, which was imposed from above and inflexible, became more organized during the serious crises which shook the people's republic of poland for half a century. Even if those crises did not create deep changes in the press, they were at the origin of some concessions from political leaders and initiated a slow but inevitable liberalisation
Hammoud, Ghida. "Représentations de la tolérance, de la liberté et de la démocratie : étude comparative entre la France et le Liban auprès d'enseignants et d'étudiants." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20121.
Full textAt a time when reforms propose to reintroduce ethics at school, it is pertinent to question the conceptions that individuals have about values. This study proposes a crossed and comparatist approach of social representations of tolerance, liberty and democracy in two groups marked by cultural differences. Thus, French and Lebanese subjects within the domain of education participated in this research work with the objective being to examine certain aspects of the education of values. In the first empirical part, starting from a task of free association on the inductor word “tolerance,” the data was treated through a prototypical analysis, an analysis of similitude and a multidimensional analysis. The results obtained show that tolerance is associated to values and themes relative to the specificities of each society. Intergroup and intragroup divergences were noted in the representation of tolerance. This demonstrates that this value correlates to a cultural diversity despite apparent attitudinal consensuses. The second empirical part compares the social representation of “liberty” and “democracy as a universal value” between French and Lebanese students. We notice that liberty is associated to polyvalent domains and that it functions as a “nexus” (Rouquette, 1994). As for the representation of democracy as a universal value, it references values all the while representing a mode of government and generating a certain vision of democracy. In addition to the cultural differences, the results underline that intragroup divergences appear when values transform into concrete societal situations. The discussion of the ensemble of these studies underlines the importance of taking into account conflicts of values (evoked by several authors) in the question of transmission of values in school
Muanza, Kabangu. "Valeurs du travail, compensation et diffusion de la satisfaction - insatisfaction : étude interculturelle." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100053.
Full textOur main preoccupations were to study the relationship between work and live satisfaction from the intercultural point of view and determine work values maintained in France and Zaïre. First, work values seem to be affected by culture as well as intra-cultural and inter-cultural variations of live satisfaction. However, these two effects are not systematic. Rather, they occur according to the method used and or socio-professional category. As for the relationship between work and outside work satisfaction, the operationalization of Iris and Barrett of the spillover appeared to be more general than that of the compensation. However, that verification depends on the socio-professional category, uni-dimensional criteria (consideration of the median of distribution of raw scores) and or multi-dimensional criteria (the utilization of scores for the first and second factors) for the identification of workers who are satisfied or dissatisfied at work, also our psychological explanation of spillover and compensation reveals itself as cultural. In other words, whatever the socio-professional category, the spillover and the compensation are explained either by passivity in France or by activity in Zaire. Finally, methodological implications are discussed
Malung'Mper, Akpanabi Placide. "L’éducation aux valeurs : le cas des Ding orientaux en République Démocratique du Congo : De 1885 à à nos jours." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/malung__mperakpanabi_p.
Full textHow to educate to human values, nowadays, in an environment where these systems meet together and are in the same time in opposition with each other ? The crisis in RDC is not based only on this principle, but on education to these principles. It is this particular point that we want to examine specially in a component of the population the eastern “Dings”. The field of analysis is that of human values, analysed from documents, interviews and “twin’s songs”. The collision between their frames of reference leads to conflict between some of them. To understand the different levels that worth these various frames and their yieldings, a modus operandi with three exits is proposed. The first hypothesis tries to look for a settlement between the il-assorted systems where the “actors” of education in our country live. The second hypothesis consists in african culture's valorization. The third hypothesis consists in establishing a suitable method to learn values by giving to each person the means necessary for the “discernment” of this learning goals, and try to understand values and interiorize them for a better individuel and collective life. Raising people to human values needs : - The lessons of the attitude that one must adopt to learn these principles, - As from these lessons one will build his identity, - His personality will result as from these lessons, provided that this movement is nourrished by personnal meditation. To live in that spirit is the fundamentally education to human values
Muamba, Ngalula Mumbunda Louis. "Valeurs personnelles, image de soi et représentation du père chez les adolescents de Kisangani." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211138.
Full textDissertation doctorale présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en psychologie.
Par :Louis Muamba Ngalula
Résumé :
La présente étude a essayé de mettre en relation les valeurs personnelles, l’image de soi et la représentation du père par quelques adolescents d’une ville africaine :Kisangani en R. D. C.
217 sujets de sexe masculins, scolarisés et âgés de 15 à 18 ans, ont constitué l’échantillon de recherche. Ils ont été soumis à deux questionnaires différents. Le premier questionnaire examinait l’appréciation des valeurs personnelles dans sa première partie et dans sa deuxième partie il permettait d’obtenir des indices d’image de soi par soi. Le deuxième questionnaire permettait d’obtenir en peu de temps le climat relationnel entre parents et enfants. Un petit groupe de 17 sujets a fourni des récits de vie qui ont permit de contrôler le vécu quotidien de relations père fils.
Les résultats obtenus montrent que ces adolescents donnent une plus grande importance aux valeurs non scolaires, l’image de soi prend en compte par contre le système de valeurs scolaires et que le père est quant à lui perçu dans l’ensemble comme un personnage autoritaire, sévère et disciplinaire dans la constellation familiale.
Ces adolescents demandent que son image et son rôle soit révisé afin de la faire correspondre à leurs attentes. Ils font apparaître le personnage de la mère comme un refuge et rempart dans la vie du foyer pour plusieurs raisons qui couvrent la plage de la crise adolescentaire et la plage du vécu actuel de la vie courante dans une ville où domine une économie de la misère et de la faim.
Montrant ainsi que l'émergence de la parentalité comme une conséquence directe de la déstructuration des liens sociaux traditionnels par la modification de l'emploi du temps dans les ménages urbains.
Malgré les grandes communautés de point de vues, le système des valeurs présente quelques nuances, selon l'origine sociale et l'expérience éducative dont témoignent les sujets. La représentation de soi dépend essentiellement du système de valeurs dont se réclament les sujets. La représentation du père est quant à elle tributaire du système des valeurs dominant, tout comme elle aussi fonction du rôle que joue la mère dans la quotidienneté de la vie du foyer.
Title: Personal values, picture of one and representation of the father at teenagers of Kisangani.
Doctoral dissertation presented in view of a doctoral degree in psychology.
By :Louis Muamba Ngalula
Summary :
The present survey tried to examine the relation between the personal values, the self-concept and the representation of the father by some teenagers of an African city :Kisangani in DRC.
217 male participants, schooled and aged between 15 and 18, composed the research sample. They have been administered two different questionnaires. The first questionnaire examined the personal value in his/her/its first part and in his/her/its second parts it offered indications of he self-concept. The second questionnaire permitted to succinctly examine the relationship between parents and children. A small group of 17 subjects has provides live narratives that have permitted to control the experience of father-son relationships.
The results show that these teenagers devote a greater importance to extracurricular values, the self-concept takes on the other hand in account the school value system and that the father is perceived on the whole like an authoritative, stern and disciplinary character in the family.
These teenagers ask that his image and his role be reviewed in order to fit their expectations. They make the mother's character appear like a shelter and rampart in home life for several reasons that include the adolescent crisis and current life in a city where an economy of misery and hunger dominate. In so doing, this study shows that the emergence of parentality as a direct consequence of the traditional social ties through their destruction by the modification of schedules in urban households.
In spite of the big commonalities of viewpoints, the system of values presents some nuances, as function of the social origin and the educational experience mentioned by participants. The self-concept essentially depends on the value system claimed by the subjects. The representation of the father is dependent on the prevailing value system, which both depend on the role played by the mother in daily home life.
Doctorat en sciences psychologiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nsatounkazi, Armand-Guy. "La survivance des valeurs traditionnelles et familiales Kongo en milieu pétrolier à Pointe-Noire : le cas des agents et ouvriers d'Elf-Congo et Agip-Recherches Congo." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1927PA081231.
Full textThrough the conflict between tradition and modernity, the oil phenomenon of the pointe-noire of congo has partially contributed in the bursting of some cultural and social kongo values. Workmen and employees, kongo belonging to elf-congo and agip-recherches congo and partly separated from their traditional environment, are now facing problems such as : -remaining thoroughly faithful to the logic of a world sticking to traditional structures which some sides less and less appeal to reality ; - or including more and more modernity, so as to improve the structures ; - or furthermore combining modernism as a complementary element with the traditional society. Today the lineage relations are mainly struck by this problem
Richard-Ferroudji, Audrey. "L'appropriation des dispositifs de gestion locale et participative de l'eau - Composer avec une pluralité de valeurs, d'objectifs et d'attachements." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420595.
Full textRoussel, Stéphane. "L'ordre libéral nord-américain, l'impact des valeurs, des normes et des institutions démocratiques sur les relations canado-américaines en matière de sécurité de 1867 à 1958." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0020/NQ47638.pdf.
Full textSounan, Charles. "Attitudes, valeurs et représentations sociales de la démocratie dans un processus de démocratisation, le cas des étudiant(e)s universitaires de Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66336.pdf.
Full textTodorova, Marieta. "L'interdiction d'abus des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10009.
Full textThe concept of the abuse of the right is spread in most disciplines. This prohibition is, not only, present in several legal systems, but it can also be found in the principal instruments of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Nevertheless the specificity of this branch of the law and the particular nature of the concept of the abuse of right impose the difficult issue of the compatibility of every clause prohibiting the abuse of right and the philosophy of the fundamental rights. Therefore, this interrogation requires raising the challenge of its identification in the fundamental rights area, and the challenge of its conceptualization.The identification of the abuse of the fundamental rights is problematic, since that, we are facing a notion with undetermined content revealing its plasticity and its malleability. These characteristics have the effect of integrating, in the positive law, a controversial concept, unstable and at the same time mobile and confused, they also impose the determination of the elements that contribute to the definition and the clarification of the application field of the prohibition of the abuse of the fundamental rights. The abuse of the right conceptualization can be built if we head from the basic role, that it is managed to assume in the fundamental rights area. The prohibition of abuse of fundamental rights appears to be an important element of fundamental rights legal system, whose custom has to remain exceptional, allowing not only to regulate the exercise of the individual rights but also to defend the essential values in their protection process, and in particular those inherent to every democratic society. The prohibition of abuse of right ensures the coherence and the fullness of fundamental rights legal system
Afo, Sabi Kasséré. "La transparence des élections en droit public africain, à partir des cas béninois, sénégalais et togolais." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40007/document.
Full textOften advocated in view of the abundant political and legal discourse of which it is the object, but at the same time and often subtly "torpedoed", “fought”, transparent elections are one of these meridian notions of modern times.Whatever form it may take, this Thesis is lifting the veil on this notion which is logically repeated, and somehow not well consolidated or being consolidated - in the internal legal order of the various States, particularly African States and which tries to make people aware that, in the analysis, such a consecration, or if any such consolidation, appears more embarrassed. In addition to this, a point of view of legal theory and practice, uncertainties arise, the double view of its nature and scope of legal, thus creating a climate of legal insecurity that it becomes imperative to quit Without any doubt, this recently field is seeking itself autonomy, and this concept , electoral law proves to be very formidable to understand. This modest contribution, consequently tries to answer all these concerns. In this perspective, the pioneering work of the Constitutional Court of Benin which erected electoral transparency principle to a value worth pursuing. Therefore, it is more of “a constructed” than a "given”. In any event, such a deepening should ensure coherence to public law and enhance legal certainty. This requirement is a fertile ground for the emergence and triumph of liberal democracy. A close look at it, it is able to perform the legal revolution dear to Montesquieu who could not, unfortunately, perpetuate the principle of separation of powers: the moderation of political power in the state
Bakombo, Mulopo Nzam. "Le dialogue interreligieux : pour une théologie de la reconstruction appliquée au mariage mbala du Kwango-Kwilu (Congo-Zaire)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40689.
Full textGondje-Djanayang, Godfroy-Luther. "Les violations de la Constitution Centrafricaine depuis 1958 valent-elles coups d'État ?" Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10039.
Full textA government that violates the Constitution, destroys by this act the sovereign people and as Montesquieu said: "There are bad examples that are worse than crimes: and more states have perished because violation of morality more than the violation of Law”. The respect of constitutional norms presents very considerable stakes within the city. This is why major public debates continue to give an important consideration to this subject. The Central African Republic, formerly a French colony, located in the center of Africa, has consistently reinforced these constitutional values since 1958. Ravaged by military, political and institutional crises along with some African states till that the devolution of political power in this country became exercised by the demonstration of weapons. As a general rule, coups d'etat seem to triumph over the expression of the general will. Participatory democracy is an element that allows the people to participate in decision-making. In fact, this is only a real fiction and one of the reasons why the constitutional trajectory of Central African Republic is constantly moving towards a very delicate dysfunction. Perhaps, the democratization that has blown in Africa in the 1990s allowed African institutions to access political pluralism. It is clear that the Central African Republic has continuously been prolonged since 1958 in violations of constitutional norms. Constitutional inexperience, coups d’etat and seizure of public power, bad governance, the absence of the rule of law tied with the existence of totalitarian regimes, considered as the evils that keep on desacralizing the system of the institutional functioning of this country. Even though democracy seems to be the ideal model of governance all the time, constitutional mimicry and the consequences of colonization have also impacted on the system of African democracy. In order to guarantee stability to republican institutions and to provide it with legal certainty, standards must govern and the weapons must enter the magazines
Lheureux, Guy. "Le problème de l’Education Morale en France au XXe siècle dans l’enseignement élémentaire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20052/document.
Full textFaced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a “quality of scholastic life”, useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life
Lheureux, Guy. "Le problème de l'Education Morale en France au XXe siècle dans l'enseignement élémentaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00775897.
Full textBlanc-Fily, Charlotte. "Les valeurs dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme : Essai critique sur l'interprétation axiologique du juge européen." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10022/document.
Full textEverywhere in the legal precedents of the European court of human rights (ECHR), fundamental values of democratic societies are a relevant study subject to understand in which part the values are used and if they participate of a specific interpretation of the European convention based on axioms defense's. Simple rhetoric use or true argumentative tool, values resort's in the legal precedents of the ECHR need to be appreciated as an isolate interpretation method. Next to teleologic, evolutive, and consensual interpretative methods, none study try until then to systematize the resort of fundamental values of democratic societies by the judge and deduct of the European court case law the existence of a specific interpretation based on values defense's. If the European judge multiplies the resorts of values in case law, we have to notice that utilization of values competes with others interpretative methods, more contemporary, and respectful of actual societal expectations, individual claims and to enforce the subsidiarity principle. All social facts and jurisdictional necessities which are difficult to conciliate with requirement of a conservative protection of common values of the contracting States
Elannaz, Houda. "Le programme arabophone de la DW- TV." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020083.
Full textThe media landscape has known in the twentieth last years a spectacular increase, especially after the creation of satellite's channels with international vocation like Aljazeera, Al-Arabiya and MBC. Lately, the creation of occidental arabophones channels, like BBC, France 24 and DW-TV Arabia, comes to add a new dimension to the media field. The occidental arabophones channels that target Arab World can be considered as a phenomenon in the media field. They can be used to serving ideological objectives, to improve diplomatic relationships, and to make gains in politics and economics domains. This research is focalized in one of these channels; the DW-TV Arabia, this German channel in destination to the Arab World created in 2002. His role as a tool in the proliferation of Germany cultural and politics principles of the federal republic of Germany, to the Arab World, is one of the principals axes treated in this work. Therefore, the motifs of the creation of DW-TV Arabia occupy an important part of this study. The principal aspects who characterized the editorial line of this channel is based on the objectivity, credibility and independence; however, he play a strategic role in improving the economic interests of Germany in the Arab World countries
Salaou, Mano. "La protection des droits économiques et sociaux en Afrique : de la consécration juridique aux problèmes de mise en oeuvre dans les états francophones." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10169.
Full textThe constitutions born of the recent claims for democrats in French-speaking Africa recognize, those generousth than the ancient fondamental laus economic and social rights - in the current context of economic crisis and liberalization, it is to ask oneself about the practical value of a such acknowledgement. The economic a socials rights are a heterogeneous set that the content must be delimited. Based on the distinction between "rights to do" and "rights to", we can recuse this content through the common reference of the states to international law. After that, we can determine the rights in the whole statute law and estimate their juridical value. It is positive, particularly in constitutional level, although in inegual degree, according to states. However it remains imperfect because of the inefficiency of the procedures and the very substance of the "rights to", imparticular so the implementation of these rights crises many problems: theorically and technically, we can build easity the juridical settlement by drawing the fundamental principles; but realy, they are very unworkable, concerning "rights to", yet once more. To face up to obstacles to the actuality of the rights, it's advisable to mention the suitable conditions to promote the protection promised by the constitutions
Voisin, Chloé. "Die Gestaltung von neuen öffentlichen Räumen im Stadtzentrum von Dresden und Chemnitz : Welche Räume für welche Gesellschaft?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20105/document.
Full textWhich are the representations that guide the planning actors along their public spaces conception? Which project, -of city, of society- underlies the urban planning? Which are the visions of the planners? Which norms, which values do they want to defend through their project? What is for them the meaning of public space? What is their own definition?These questions are finding a particular echo in Dresden and Chemnitz: these two cities have been the subject for a few years of a creation and transformation program of their central public spaces. These two fields are interesting for the study of the planner’s imagination not only due to the importance of the program led (not less than six new public spaces in each city) but also due to specific history of both cities. The center of Dresden and Chemnitz has been almost completely destroyed by the allied bombardments in 1945 and it has been only partially rebuilt under the GDR according to completely new urbanistic principles. Since the fall of the Socialist Regime and the Reunification, the question of the planners is which model is to be followed to achieve the reconstruction of the still unfinished city center.The almost complete lack of architectural heritage to protect does not make it necessary to negotiate with the architectural heritage officers who are in Europe at the heart of all contemporary projects. In that respect, Dresden and Chemnitz are particularly entrancing, because the planning actors enjoy a very large liberty to implement without any legal obstruction their conception of the urban planning. It would be possible here than better anywhere else to read the contemporary planning imagination
Collinet-Ourthe, Mathilde. "Analyses et perspectives du pilotage de l’action sociale : recherches-interventions à l’échelle locale." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2086.
Full textPublic management of complex social problems is associated with social pluralism and takes place in a decentralized context disrupting their collective understanding and treatment. This doctoral research – through an exploratory approach along the way and based on three different French local Social Action Centers and one Departmental Council – investigates possible ways of improving the definition and management of local social action. Using an abductive methodology that brings theory and practice into constant dialogue, three research-interventions and one participant observation are gradually mobilized. First, the formalization of the Social Needs Analysis (Analyse des Besoins Sociaux) through a participatory project (collective problematization and knowledge creation) shows a paradox: the desire of stakeholders to see inter-organizational transversality penetrate daily professional practices versus managerial habits which are quite incompatible with these forms of democratic deliberation, ignoring the results of collective activity or illegitimating its construction process. Secondly, in the face of new practical opportunities revealed in action, and using the concept of community of inquiry, the doctoral research clarifies the conditions for the emergence and animation of sustainable collective action, in particular the dialogical activity mediated by the interest of the publics of social action; the existence of physical spaces dedicated to its practice; taking the time respecting professional alterities and the presence of a leader-mediator. The thesis enlightens that the search for this fragile form of cooperation, by its capacity to disrupt habits in action, represents a promising way of innovative management applied to social public policies
Breteau, Lucien. "Développement durable et mutations de l'Administration territoriale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2033.
Full textDespite its numerous uses in many juridical orders : sustainable development has differents meanings. On one hand, it means that the environment needs to be protected in order to guarantee rights of future generations. On the other hand, sustainable development is equally defined as the conciliation between environmental policies, economical development and social progress. Territorial restructuring drafts are confronted at this polysemous concept.In spite of this difficulty, sustainable development is consolidated by french public law in his finality as far as its means. About that, standstill principle and environmental responsability enhance this theory.Other principles contibute to sustainable development realization. Environmental democracy takes an independence compared to the classical reprensentative democracy’s concept. In reciprocity, territorial restructuring keeps an influence on public policies about this constitutionnalized notion since the 2005’s Environnemental Carta
Brennetot, Arnaud. "Géoéthique du territoire : le débat public territorial à travers la presse magazine d'opinion en France." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592087.
Full textWasenda, N'Songo Corneille. "Le droit pénal congolais confronté aux exigences constitutionnelles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D046.
Full textWhereas in other places the link between constitutional law and criminal law have been accepted as the basis of criminal law on the one hand, and the major questions of repressive law have played the role of a catalyst for the constitutionalisation of criminal law the state and the emergence of human rights on the other hand, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, however, the issue has rarely been treated systematically by researchers. Would the constitionalization of criminal law be a neglected subject ? The present thesis had the ambition to take up the challenge by making a cross reading and transversal of the various constitutions which ruled the country since the Basic law of 1960 relating to the structures of Congo, until the current Constitution of February 18. 2006. In this quest, it was necessary to avoid the trap of compartmentalization of legal disciplines by opting rather for their interdisciplinarity. Originnaly designed to combat the slave trade and protect the trade to the signatory states of the Berlin Act on the territory forming the Congo Basin, the criminal law has long kept this figure of a summary work, ignoring the importance constitutional issues on criminal policy. The observation was made during the developments of the first part devoted to the lack of respect for constitional requirementsin the construction of the repressive mechanism both in its foudations and its philosophical orientations. The changes that took place after the colonial period did not change the situation. Rather, they have created a repressive regime that focuses on protecting political institutions and their leaders, ignoring constitutional guarentees and respect for the fundamental rights of the human person. The democratic changes introduced by the Costitution of 18 february 2006 augured a new ideological framework in the organization of society. It jhas introduced new forms of social control and regulation, which are naturally part of a new criminal law. The latter must comply with certain ethical conditions in the determination and hierarchy of social values on the one hand, and one the other hand, in the protection of the social group with particular attention to vulnerable people and, finalty, it must have a value both for ordinary citizens and for the various categories of offenders, including a range of appropriate. The examination of all these questions has demonstrated in the second part of the thesis that there are limits to the respect constitutional requirements, because of the lack of adaptability of a constitutional review of penal norms and especially because of the insufficiency of criminal protection of the Constitution, thus preventing the Constitutionnal Court from playing the role of a real actor of criminal policy
Demers-Payette, Olivier. "Débat public sur la valeur sociale des innovations médicales : l'expérience d'un Café scientifique." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2689.
Full textMedical innovations have significant influence on clinical practice, policy-making and public expectation towards the health care system. In the context of public health care systems, the cost of health innovation is a major barrier to its adoption even if they are often portrayed in the media as inherently desirable. Such a framing of the problem impedes the debate on what makes social and technological health innovations relevant from a population health perspective. Thus it is interesting to take advantage of an innovative communicational process, the Café scientifique. This research project analyzes a Café scientifique that took place in March 2007 which established a dialogue between four experts and around 80 members of the public on health innovation issues. The objectives are: 1) to analyze the application of the Café scientifique, and 2) to analyze its impact on participants. This single case study uses qualitative and quantitative data: 1) semi-participative observation; 2) audiovisual recording of the activity; 3) surveys distributed at the end of the activity; 4) semi-directed interviews (n=11) with participants. Integrated analysis of all data gives a better understanding of how the context is structuring for the debate, describes the main roles adopted by participants, identifies key health innovation issues that were discussed and highlights which features have facilitated or hindered a dialogue between scientists and the public. The Café scientifique is an unusual practice which stirs up interest of both researchers and participants.
Benghozi, Daniel. "De la survivance culturelle à la démocratie." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16518.
Full textBousquet, Guillaume. "Les valeurs afférentes à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés dans le discours judiciaire : utilisations et sources." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8242.
Full textIn cases involving the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, judges include in their reasoning not only rights and freedoms, but also values. Among these Charter values we find protection of vulnerable groups, respect for the inherent dignity of human beings, cultivation oUndividual self-fulfillment and human flourishing, commitment to social justice and protection of privacy rights and reputation. Contrary to rights and freedoms, which are specifically enumerated in the Charter, values represent a creation of the judicial apparatus. Notwithstanding their inherent subjective component, values do not weaken the law's predictability nor do they endanger judicial reasoning concerning the Charter. On the contrary, applying values brings constancy and certainty in the interpretation of the Charter. On the one hand, Charter values are used in rigorous ways in the judicial review of constitutionality, in the adaptation of common law mIes and in the interpretation of laws and by-Iaws. Judges have recourse to more or less the same values, thus bringing stability in the Charter's analysis. On the other hand, judges are able to dissociate their personal beliefs from the values they caU upon in their judgments. Values drawn from contemporary social behaviors, international law and comparative law, as weU as political and legal philosophers' works, are values quite distant from judges' feelings, opinions and personal interests.
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
Paradis-Simpson, Françoise. "Les limites souhaitables et légitimes au pluralisme : une perspective constructiviste." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21753.
Full textDestiné, Johnny. "Les stratégies d'intervention de l'Association des Paysans de Vallue (APV) dans le développement local." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9929.
Full textThis study focuses on the movement of Peasants Association from Vallue (PAV) which started in 1986, after the end of Duvalier’s dictatorship in Haiti. The research aims to understand the strategies used by this association in the process of local development, and the effects of these strategies and initiatives on the living conditions of peasants and their relationship with their territory. Also, its purpose is to identify different modes of participation in the local community. After a brief review of the literature on the local development in Haiti, we present the problems faced by the peasants and the ways to survive. In order to understand and study the peasants’ experiences, we adopt a theoretical perspective based on the literature about local development and intervention strategies. The data of this qualitative research comes from 17 interviews with 21 subjects living in Vallue. The results show that the PAV has built a variety of strategies to allow a development which is locally grounded and related with the peasants’ needs. By structuring their interventions on education, awareness, negotiation, concentration, partnership and mobilisation resources from inside and outside the community, the PAV has successfully brought up changes in mentality and collective consciousness. These results can be seen in new ways of educating children and protecting the ecosystem. For instance, a new road construction has facilitated new ways of communication and new activities, which highlights local culture and products. The PAV’s actions built a new sense of the territory and a feeling of pride and dignity about their local community. Also, peasants’ participation in the elections and the mobilisation in the process of local decision constitutes another impact of the PAV interventions. However, this participation shows some limits, particularly in the level of education of certain participants. Finally, the last chapter presents the link between the theoretical and the empirical part of this study.