Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Valeurs limites (Mathématiques)'
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Berrouane, Salah. "Les lois limites des k-iemes valeurs de record et leurs concomitants." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066388.
Full textDarwiche, Ahmad. "De nouveaux théorèmes limites sur les extrêmes et les systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0572.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we establish some limit theorems in Extreme Value Theory and on dynamical systems. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first one deals with extremes of a sequence which does not satisfy the classical properties appearing in Extreme Value Theory. The sequence is generated by a random walk in random scenery. We establish a limit theorem on the point process of exceedances and we make explicit the extremal index. Some mixing properties are also discussed. The second part of this thesis deals with almost sure convergence of various ergodic averages with weights (the weights can be random or deterministic) and is based on new techniques to provide rates of convergence. Our techniques are based on a work due to Móricz dealing with sums of random variables. The same technique allows us to establish results on the rates of convergence for the strong law of large numbers. Then we state several properties for the point convergence of weighted unilateral Hilbert transform
Dor, Frédéric. "Validation de modèles d'estimation de l'exposition humaine aux polluants des sols : étude Solex : contribution à l'analyse de l'exposition professionnelle aux sols pollués." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18006.
Full textMartin-Rémy, Aurélie. "Analyse de données de biométrologie : aspects méthodologiques et applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0223/document.
Full textMany biomonitoring studies are conducted at INRS, in order to assess occupational exposure to chemicals in France, and to propose reference values to protect workers exposed to these substances. These studies consist in measuring simultaneously biological and airborne exposure of workers exposed to a toxic substance. The relationship between these biological and airborne measurements is then estimated through a linear regression model. When this relationship exists and the route of absorption of the toxic is essentially inhalatory, it is possible to derive a Biological Limit Value (BLV) from the Occupational Exposure Limit Value (OEL) of the toxic substance. However, two characteristics of these data have been identified, which are not or only partially taken into account in the current statistical modelling: the left-censoring due to limits of detection (LoD)/quantification (LoQ) of biological and airborne measurements, and the between-individual variability. Ignoring both of these features in modelling leads to a loss of statistical power and potentially biased conclusions. The work carried out in this thesis allowed us to adapt the regression model to these two characteristics, in a Bayesian framework. The proposed approach is based on the modelling of airborne measurements using random effects models adapted for values below the LoD / LoQ, and on the simultaneous modelling of biological measurements, assumed to depend linearly on a logarithmic scale, on the airborne exposure, while taking into account between-subject variability. This work resulted in a scientific publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This methodology has been applied on beryllium and chromium occupational exposure datasets, after adaptation to the toxicokinetic characteristics of these two substances. It has thus been possible to propose a BLV for beryllium (0.06 μg / g creatinine). The analysis of chromium measurements in two different sectors of activity (occupational exposure to chromate paints, and occupational exposure in the electroplating sector) made it possible to show that urinary chromium depends mainly on airborne exposure to VI chromium, non-VI chromium having less impact. We were not able to show a relationship between the solubility of airborne VI chromium and urinary chromium. A BLV of 0.41 μg / g creatinine, close to the Biological Guidance Value (BGV) proposed by ANSES (0.54 μg / g creatinine), was estimated for occupational exposure to chromate paints, and a BLV of 1.85 μg/g creatinine was obtained for occupational exposure in the electrolytic chromium plating sector, which is consistent with the ANSES proposed BLV in this sector, i-e 1.8 μg / g creatinine
Djebali, Smaïl. "Problèmes mathématiques de flammes laminaires non adiabatiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112508.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study a system of two eigenvalue nonlinear differential equations. This problem arises in the modeling of a premised laminar flame moving in a long tube. We consider a single step chemical reaction of nth order. REACTANT→ PRODUCT and allow the heat transfert between the flame and the tube walls. In the limit of small Mach numbers, the one dimensional travelling wave problem reduces after renormalization to a system of reaction diffusion equations: To find u the mixture temperature, u the reactant concentration, and h the heat loss intensity solution of :-u"+cu'- v'ⁿf(u)-hg(u) u(-∞)=u(+∞)=O -Λv"+cv'=-vⁿf(u) v (-∞)=1; v'(+∞)=O. Then we analyse the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as a small parameter ɛ goes to 0. Lastly, we establish a rigorous singular perturbation analysis which yields a limit relationship between h and c
Caudeville, Julien. "Développement d'une plateforme intégrée pour la cartographie de l'exposition des populations aux substances chimiques : construction d'indicateurs spatialisés en vu d'identifier les inégalités environnementales à l'échelle régionale." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1960.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop an integrated and spatialized platform that allows characterizing the inequality linked to environmental exposure of population to chemical substances. A multimedia exposure model was used to assess the exposure dose of target population via inhalation of atmospheric contaminants and via ingestion of soil, food and drinking water. This model uses geo-referenced databases implemented in a GIS including environmental (water, air, soil, food), behavioral, and demographic data. A case study was performed across two regions in France (Picardie and Nord-Pas-de-Calais) for cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead. Exposure hotspot areas and determinants were identified by the spatial analysis of risk indicator variations. Uncertainties are associated with highlighting areas where potential hotspot exposure have been detected. Some of these uncertainties are simulated by the platform. The case study has allowed to demonstrate the platform feasibility and functioning. Hotspot areas with significantly elevated exposure indicator values might be used to define environmental monitoring campaigns, to manage and plan remedial actions. This work proposes also to improve “classical” health risk assessment with a better integration of essential determinant for the real population exposure at the territory scale
Nkague, Nkamba Léontine. "Robustesse des Seuils en Épidémiologie et Stabilité Asymptotique d'un Modèle à Infectivité et Susceptibilité Différentielle." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859521.
Full textOmrane, Fatma. "Human health risk assessment of occupational exposure to trace metallic elements mixtures in metalworking industries in the Sfax metropolis (Tunisia)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0097/document.
Full textTrace metallic elements (TMEs) are pollutants of great concern even in trace amounts because of their toxicity and cumulative property. Some of them can be carcinogenic. The Sfax metropolis, located in the southern region of Tunisia, has been affected by releases of TMEs for decades. Several studies confirmed that this pollution is predominantly originated from anthropogenic sources, mainly from industrial activities. It represents a threat to the health of residents, particularly for those also exposed during occupational activities in industrial processes. The present study aims to assess health risks associated with occupational exposure in industries handling TMEs in their production processes, following the human health risk assessment approach. To this end, five companies using raw material containing TMEs to produce a variety of metallic products accepted to participate to the study. The metals that were investigated are Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Mathematical models for estimating occupational exposure to chemicals were used to predict indoor air TME exposure levels in 15 different job tasks. Air monitoring was conducted in order to compare the predicted workplace air concentrations versus the direct measured ones, using both workplace-fixed monitors and personal samplers. And finally, urine samples were collected from 61 workers to assess whether TMEs excretion correlate with job exposure levels. Globally, the predicted air estimates relate well with measured concentrations over the whole set of job tasks. Better predictions were found for certain activities, in particular for steel cutting and welding processes. The values that correspond to the 90th percentile of the exposure distribution were then used in the interaction-based hazard index HIint to assess health risks associated with the mixtures of TMEs. Total cancer risk was also investigated. Results showed high exposures for metals that may elicit respiratory conditions, with a HIint reaching 93.6, the highest levels being for the shielded metal arc welding and metal shearing and slitting tasks. The risk is enhanced by a synergetic effect between Cr, Ni and Cu. High risks of lung and kidney cancers were demonstrated (the predicted life-long total cancer risk for exposed workers is 3.7×10-4). This work shows that mathematical models can be accurate in predicting TME airborne exposure levels for several processes in the metallurgic industry, a result that is of interest to help the different stakeholders to monitor efficiently exposure surveillance and abatement. Progress in industrial hygiene is needed in this industrial sector to reduce the high level of health risks currently experienced by the metalworking workers
Golenia, Sylvain. "Commutateurs, analyse spectrale et applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950079.
Full textSaddek, Lhassane. "Solutions d'un problème aux limites non linéaire discontinu à l'infini." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090010.
Full textBlandin, Vassili. "Estimation de paramètres pour des processus autorégressifs à bifurcation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842856.
Full textOukaci, Farid. "Quelques problèmes numériques d'identification de forme en diffraction acoustique." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1206.
Full textMourrat, Jean-Christophe. "Marches aléatoires réversibles en milieu aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484257.
Full textPéloquin-Tessier, Hélène. "Partitions spectrales optimales pour les problèmes aux valeurs propres de Dirichlet et de Neumann." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11511.
Full textThere exist many ways to study the spectrum of the Laplace operator. This master thesis focuses on optimal spectral partitions of planar domains. More specifically, when imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions, we try to find partitions that achieve the infimum (over all the partitions of a given number of components) of the maximum of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian in all the subdomains. This question has been actively studied in recent years by B. Helffer, T. Hoffmann-Ostenhof, S. Terracini and their collaborators, who obtained a number of important analytic and numerical results. In the present thesis we propose a similar problem, but for the Neumann boundary conditions. In this case, we are looking for spectral maximal, rather than minimal, partitions. More precisely, we attempt to find the maximum over all possible $k$-partitions of the minimum of the first non-zero Neumann eigenvalue of each component. This question appears to be more difficult than the one for the Dirichlet conditions, since many properties of Dirichlet eigenvalues, such as domain monotonicity, no longer hold in the Neumann case. Nevertheless, some results are obtained for 2-partitions of symmetric domains, and specific partitions are found analytically for rectangular domains. In addition, some general properties of optimal spectral partitions and open problems are also discussed.
Poliquin, Guillaume. "Géométrie nodale et valeurs propres de l’opérateur de Laplace et du p-laplacien." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13721.
Full textThe main topic of the present thesis is spectral geometry. This area of mathematics is concerned with establishing links between the geometry of a Riemannian manifold and its spectrum. The spectrum of a closed Riemannian manifold M equipped with a Riemannian metric g associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator is a sequence of non-negative numbers tending to infinity. The square root of any number of this sequence represents a frequency of vibration of the manifold. This thesis consists of four articles all related to various aspects of spectral geometry. The first paper, “Superlevel sets and nodal extrema of Laplace eigenfunction”, is presented in Chapter 1. Nodal geometry of various elliptic operators, such as the Laplace-Beltrami operator, is studied. The goal of this paper is to generalize a result due to L. Polterovich and M. Sodin that gives a bound on the distribution of nodal extrema on a Riemann surface for a large class of functions, including eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The proof given by L. Polterovich and M. Sodin is only valid for Riemann surfaces. Therefore, I present a different approach to the problem that works for eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. The second and the third papers of this thesis are focused on a different elliptic operator, namely the p-Laplacian. This operator has the particularity of being non-linear. The article “Principal frequency of the p-Laplacian and the inradius of Euclidean domains” is presented in Chapter 2. It discusses lower bounds on the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem for the p-Laplace operator in terms of the inner radius of the domain. In particular, I show that if p is greater than the dimension, then it is possible to prove such lower bound without any hypothesis on the topology of the domain. Such bounds have previously been studied by well-known mathematicians, such as W. K. Haymann, E. Lieb, R. Banuelos, and T. Carroll. Their papers are mostly oriented toward the case of the usual Laplace operator. The generalization of such lower bounds for the p-Laplacian is done in my third paper, “Bounds on the Principal Frequency of the p-Laplacian”. It is presented in Chapter 3. My fourth paper, “Wolf-Keller theorem of Neumann Eigenvalues”, is a joint work with Guillaume Roy-Fortin. This paper is concerned with the shape optimization problem in the case of the Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions. The main result of our paper is that eigenvalues of the Neumann boundary problem are not always maximized by disks among planar domains of given area. This joint work is presented in Chapter 4.