Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Validation analytique'
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Nguyen, Trong Hoan. "Développement et validation d'une méthode analytique de prévision de l'érosion de cavitation." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0010.
Full textTachon, Philippe. "Mise au point et validation de méthodes d'analyse pour un automate de laboratoire." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P024.
Full textDehee, Axelle. "Charge virale EBV : développement et validation analytique d'une technique d'amplification génique en temps réel." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P049.
Full textVialaret, Jerome. "Développement et validation de méthodes de protéomique innovantes pour des applications de biochimie clinique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT038.
Full textIn recent years, mass spectrometry has been considered in the analytical chemistry field as the reference method. "Proteomics", a concept that emerged in the 2000s, consists in the identification and/or quantification of peptides and proteins in different type of samples (cells, tissues, or biological samples), in various conditions. A more specific field of this concept, the "clinical proteomics" specifically concerns the study of proteome for the research on one hand, diagnostic markers, prognostic and therapeutic follow-up of human pathologies and, on the other hand, of pathophysiological actors that can serve as a therapeutic target.Currently, the technology of choice used for the analysis of proteins in clinical biochemistry is the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) which has major drawbacks: not a multiplex analysis, high variability, no standardization, and the inability to distinguish proteoforms of one protein. The targeted proteomics by Liquid Chromatography/Multiple Reaction Monitoring (LC-MRM) allows to surpass these disadvantages because is highly multiplexable (> 200 proteins/analysis), robust, compatible to the use of protein/peptide standards, and is able to distinguish a wide variety of post translational modifications.In this thesis project, evaluation and validation of the targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) will be perform for the quantification of proteins with clinical interest. In this context, we will present three clinical proteomics developments: apolipoprotein E phenotyping, considered as the best risk factor for Alzheimer's disease; Monoclonal therapeutic antibody (Bevacizumab) quantification in patient serum; and absolute quantification of hepcidin-25 in the context of diseases related to iron metabolism
Tchamitchian, Marc. "Photosynthèse d'une culture de tomates sous serre : mise au point et validation d'un modèle analytique." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT019A.
Full textAlberti, Christophe. "Validation de données et redondance analytique : application à une usine de traitement des eaux usées." Corte, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CORT3065.
Full textJONVEL, PATRICK. "Objectif : validation; implications reglementaires et pratiques pour les laboratoires de chimie analytique de l'industrie pharmaceutique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15061.
Full textAmagbégnon, Apollinaire-Roland. "Approches analytique et numérique des modes acoustiques en canal rectangulaire avec un obstacle sphérique : validation expérimentale." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2349.
Full textGhouali, Mohamed Amine. "NNouvel outil-d'aide à la conception de formes optimales : analyse de sensibilité analytique locale : principes, validation et applications." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0018.
Full textAmara, Salah. "Elaboration et validation d'un modèle de transferts thermiques instationnaires gaz-paroi dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1547_samara.pdf.
Full textTran, Duc Hoan. "Conception Optimale Intégrée d'une chaîne éolienne "passive": analyse de robustesse, validation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554364.
Full textCourtieu, Clément. "Analyse ponctuelle des inclusions fluides dans les minéraux par ablation laser femtoseconde ICP-MS : développements et validation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594654.
Full textDuncianu, Marius. "Réacteur à écoulement pour l’étude de la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires par ozonolyse de composés organiques volatils : développement analytique, validation cinétique et ozonolyse d’un composé biogénique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10039/document.
Full textA steady flow reactor equipped with a mobile injection head was developed at the Chemistry and Environment Department, Ecole des Mines de Douai, to better understand the formation processes of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) following the gas phase oxidation of certain species particularly reactive and/or abundant in the atmosphere. In contrast to atmospheric simulation chambers the flow reactor allows to observe in stationary conditions the product formation in the early stages of the reaction at ambient pressure and temperature.The foremost part of this work was to characterize the reactor flow, and to develop and optimize the methods used for the gas phase analysis. In a second stage a kinetic study of the ozonolysis of methylated pentenes and α-pinene was performed to validate the system. The rate coefficients were determined in pseudo first order conditions with excess alkene and showed a good agreement with literature values. The expected oxidation pathways were identified and quantified for one alkene (in good agreement with the only study available), and a nonoxidized intermediate coming from the rearrangement of a Criegee biradical, has been found for short reaction times. Finally, the SOA formation from α-pinene ozonolysis was investigated with simultaneous characterization of the gas phase concentrations of reactants and products (by ozone analyzer and TD/GC/FID-MS), of the particle size distribution (by SMPS and HR-ToF-AMS), and of the average chemical composition of particles (HR-ToF-AMS)
Alamil, Helena. "Etude de profils en adduits à l'ADN comme biomarqueurs potentiels d'exposition aux polluants aériens en milieu urbain dans une approche de type adductomique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC407/document.
Full textMany studies in the second half of the 20th century have shown that genotoxic carcinogens, either directly or after metabolic activation, react with DNA to form covalently bonded adducts that are absolutely central in the carcinogenic process. Although there is compelling evidence of the presence of multiple DNA adducts in the lungs of subjects exposed to smoking or occupational exposure to a given aldehyde, it is clear that this is an area in which further research has been necessary. The aim of this thesis is to establish exocyclic DNA adducts profiles induced by the mixture of aldehydes, which could eventually be considered as a genotoxic marker of aldehyde exposure, both endogenous environmental. For this reason, we have validated a fast, sensitive and precise method on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in tandem mode (UHPLC-MS/MS) using isotopic dilution, for trace quantification of 9 exocyclic DNA adducts derived from 8 major exogenous and endogenous aldehydes, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These adducts were synthesized and purified as well as their labeled homologues, identified and quantified through standard curves ranging from 0.25 (LLOQ) to 250 ng/mL (ULOQ) adducts in water and in DNA to describe the matrix effects. Quality control (QC) samples were prepared and analyzed to verify the accuracy and precision of the method in repeatability and intermediate fidelity situations. The absence of cross-contamination has also been demonstrated. The method is able to differentiate the 9 analytes of interest and their internal standards using for each analyte a quantification transition and a confirmation transition. This method has been validated according to the recommendations of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) concerning bioanalytical methods. It meets all the essential criteria to guarantee the acceptability of the performances and the reliability of the analysis results. This method is the very first validated and can be used in adductomics in the context of studies on the exposome. In addition, the exocyclic adducts were simultaneously measured by an in vitro approach in calf thymus DNA exposed to different concentrations of each aldehyde apart or in equimolar mixtures. This approach allowed us to establish dose-dependent relationships for all aldehydes with the exception of malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal. A dose-response relationship was also observed with equimolar mixtures of aldehydes. It made it possible to define different reactivities of aldehydes in mixture versus DNA. The profiles of these exocyclic adducts were also determined in the blood DNA of smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette smoke contains several aldehydes known to covalently bind to DNA bases, so the DNA adduct may be considered as biomarker of tobacco exposure. Significant differences in adducts levels were obtained between smokers and non-smokers DNA with the exception of malondialdehyde-induced DNA adduct. Correlations were established between each adduct and smoking-related markers without any significant correlation of all adducts with a specific marker. Furthermore, we have shown that exposure to formaldehyde, butanal and benzaldehyde had an effect on the concentrations of urinary MDA measured in Lebanese police stationed at the intersection for 7 hours a day and after 5-day exposure to road traffic. An increase in plasma MDA has been described; years of work had an impact on the concentrations of this biomarker. These results are promising and it would be interesting to validate in population the profile of 9 exocyclic adducts as biomarkers of exposure to both exogenous and endogenous aldehydes as part of an adductomic approach to understand the carcinogenic risk in relation to aldehydes exposures in urban areas
Sameur, Abdelaziz. "Modèle de contact pneumatique/chaussée pour la prévision du bruit de roulement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001035.
Full textTran, Duc-Hoan. "Conception Optimale Intégrée d'une chaîne éolienne "passive" : analyse de robustesse, validation expérimentale." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0126/document.
Full textThis work deals with an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) methodology of a full passive wind turbine system offering very good tradeoff in terms of cost, reliability and performance. Without active electronic device (power and MPPT control), efficiency of such architecture can only be obtained if all devices are mutually adapted: this can be achieved through an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) approach. Wind energy extraction as whole losses are then optimized from a multiobjective genetic algorithm which aims at concurrently optimizing the energy efficiency while reducing the weight of the wind turbine system given a wind cycle. The whole system (turbine, generator, diode reducer, battery DC bus) has been modeled to obtain optimization results and finally to select a particular solution for an experimental validation. On the one hand, the obtained results put forward coherency between models and experience. On the other hand, given a reference wind cycle, it is possible to obtain optimal devices (generator – reducer – DC bus) whose energy efficiency is nearly equivalent to the ones obtained with active and more complex systems with MPPT control. Based on a sensitivity analysis of performance versus parametric uncertainties, one major contribution deals with a design methodology integrating robustness issues inside the optimization process
Fort, Jean-François. "Expertise d'une trousse de dosage radioimmunologique de la thyréostimuline ultrasensible en vue de l'obtention de l'autorisation de mise sur le marché : aspect réglementaire et étude analytique." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P191.
Full textFratila, Mircea. "CONTRIBUTION A LA PRISE EN COMPTE DES PERTES FER DANS LA MODELISATION DES MACHINES ELECTRIQUES PAR ELEMENTS FINIS." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836872.
Full textAoun, Joe. "Validation de la simulation Monte-Carlo de la gamma-caméra petit animal Biospace sur la grille de calcul légère CiGri. Application à l'évaluation de l'algorithme de l'inversion analytique de la transformée de Radon atténuée." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724964.
Full textHébert, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude analytique du clorazépate dipotassique. Application : étude d'une méthode de dosage par HPLC du clorazépate dipotassique et de son principal produit de dégradation le N-desméthyldiazépam. Validation de la méthode de dosage." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P109.
Full textAbel, Karine. "Dynamique du talus continental ibérique : étude sur la mesure ADCP de coque, traitement et validation de données en zone cotière : réflexion d'une onde de Poincaré barotrope sur un talus en océan stratifié, résolution numérique et analytique." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2019.
Full textMuller, Mathieu. "Ecodynamique et activité toxicologique des œstrogènes au cours du traitement des eaux résiduaires et des boues urbaines." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20161.
Full textThe fate of estrogens and estrogenic activity through a sewage treatment plant were studied combining chemical and biological assessments. The behaviour of estrogens and endocrine-disrupting activities was also investigated during sludge anaerobic digestion or composting after validation of a specific analytical method. Finally, the bacteria involved in the degradation of estrogens were characterised using both classical and molecular microbiological methods. The estrogens and estrogenic activity are efficiently removed by biodegradation during urban sewage treatment. Despite slightly sorption of estrogens on sludge, persistence of these compounds and endocrine-disrupting activities was observed through anaerobic digestion and composting process. The estrogens-degrading consortia consist of until now uncultured species or bacteria already known to degrade estrogens or others organic pollutants. Brevundimonas diminuta was involved in the degradation of estradiol
Gomez, ruiz Braulio. "Prédiction de la dégradation de la vitamine C en conditions de traitement thermique : étude en milieu modèle liquide entre 50 et 90 °C." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0002.
Full textVitamin C is often used as an indicator of labile nutrient retention in processed products because of its sensitivity to processing and conservation conditions. Understanding the behavior of vitamin C in complex matrices transformation processes is difficult, due to the importance of several parameters that affect its degradation (temperature, pH, exposure to light, the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts). Studying reactivity in a simple environment of known composition, under controlled conditions, is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms and for modelling in order to predict the impact of process parameters on the residual vitamin content. The present research aims at contributing to this goal for temperatures of a transformation process (50 - 90 °C), while decoupling the effect of concentration of dissolved oxygen (between 0 and 30%). To achieve this, a simple and rapid method of quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) was first developed and validated. It allowed obtaining a reaction database for different couples of temperature and oxygen concentration, in a buffered and perfectly stirred medium. Two kinetic models were developed: a simple reaction model to predict the degradation of AA, and a more complex model taking into consideration both oxidative and thermal degradation pathways on the degradation kinetics of AA and DHAA. Both models show a good fit to experimental data and a strong correlation between k1 reaction rate of the oxidation reaction and the stoichiometric coefficient β relative to oxygen. A linear relationship between β and temperature was also proposed
Munoz, Gabriel. "Ecodynamique des composés poly- et perfluoroalkylés dans les écosystèmes aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0414/document.
Full textPoly- and perfluoroalkyl surfactants (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds that have been used sincethe 1950s in a variety of applications and that have emerged as ubiquitously distributed contaminants.The first aim of this work was to optimize and validate analytical procedures for the trace-leveldetermination of PFAS. These methods were then applied to various sets of environmental samples,providing new elements to document the occurrence and environmental fate of PFAS in aquaticecosystems. In terms of statistical analyses, a special care has been devoted to incorporate nondetects(data 1 for PFOS and several long-chain PFAA, providing new evidence for theirbiomagnification. The last theme addressed in this work was the analysis of newly-identified cationicand zwitterionic PFAS ; preliminary evidence seem to dispel concerns about the bioaccumulationpotential of the latter
Kogevnikov, Ivan. "Modélisation des systèmes de dimension infinie - Application à la dynamique des pneumatiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001850.
Full textFornecker, Luc-Matthieu. "Développements méthodologiques en analyse protéomique pour la découverte et la validation de biomarqueurs dans les hémopathies lymphoïdes B de l'adulte." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF015/document.
Full textThe current development of new « omics » technologies has led to the discovery of a large number of potential biomarkers, particularly in the field of oncology. Proteomics analysis bymass spectrometry have particularly benefited from these technological advances with the development of new global or targeted quantitative approaches. Nevertheless, only a few numbers of potential biomarkers are finally used in clinical practice, requiring further optimization of the development process. Following the initial identification of biomarkers in the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies performed previously, this thesis has allowed the development of a targeted proteomics method that can be used for the validation of new potential biomarkers. The ability of analysing a large number of samples with a global quantitative approach has also been demonstrated. The application of these global quantitative strategies on lymph node tissue of aggressive lymphoma has permitted the identification of potential new biomarkers associated with chemorefractoriness. Lastly, a tube-gel protocol facilitating the analysis of a large number of samples has been validated for differential proteomics studies
Orani, Anna Maria. "Développements analytiques pour la détermination des concentrations et de l’origine des contaminants inorganiques dans des environnements marins." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4112/document.
Full textTrace elements (TE) naturally occur in the environment but their inputs have been increasing by anthropogenic activities in the last decades, causing environmental concerns, particularly in coastal ecosystems. TE are toxic and the need of reliable methods for their determination in environmental samples is undeniable. The first part of this PhD was focused on the development and full validation of methods for the analysis of TE in sediments and marine organisms by Solid Sampling High Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SSHR-CS-AAS). Second, environmental studies based on these and others methodologies were then performed. A first monitoring survey was performed on sediments (surface and core samples) collected along the Namibian coast. This thesis provides the first baseline of TE contents and historical record of pollution in the area. Significant Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn enrichments were highlighted around the most populated areas, providing a needed baseline for present and future evaluation of the Namibian marine environment. Pb pollutions and their sources were also tracked through the use of Pb isotope ratios. A second monitoring survey was performed on different marine sponges and sediments collected in the French Mediterranean and in the Irish coasts. This work showed that sponges accumulate more TE than sediments in different extents according to species. Arsenic speciation analysis was performed in sponges by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ICP-MS. This special focus on arsenic highlighted the great bioaccumulation of this metalloid in sponges and its biotransformation from inorganic forms to less toxic organic forms
Le, Gac Marjorie. "Développement et validation de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation des organoétains et de l'arsenic par GC-PFPD." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3015.
Full textOrganotin and arsenic compounds have been recognised as responsible of very serious environmental contamination and the European Community has listed them as priority pollutants. In these conditions, the aim of this work was to develop analytical methods able to speciate and detect these compounds at low concentration levels in the different parts of the environment. The accelerated solvent extraction of the tri-organotin compounds has been developed and compared to the classical solid/liquid extraction. Headspace solid-phase microextraction has been investigated for the first time for the speciation analysis of fourteen organotin compounds in environmental samples. The limit of detection obtained are widely sub ng(Sn)/L. The potential of the GC-PFPD was also evaluated for the analysis of different forms of arsenic. The optimised method was successfully applied to spiked spring waters
Abahri, Kamilia. "Modélisation des transferts couplés de chaleur, d'air et d'humidité dans les matériaux poreux de construction." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROS384.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study coupled heat air and moisture transfer in porous building materials. Concerning the modeling part, the interest is to predict the hygrothermal behavior, with a macroscopic model, that incorporates simultaneously the effect of thermodiffusion phenomenon and that of total pressure on the building walls. The input parameters are evaluated experimentally using continuous driving potentials, where the ability to deal with problems of transfer in multilayer materials. In some configurations, it presents the advantage to undertake analytical solution that can be confronted with numerical solutions. Furthermore, a formal justification of balance equations of the developed model was addressed through the use of ascaling approach. Then, the modeling of macroscopic moisture transfer behavior, by implementing information from the microstructure can be refined. The transition of the microscopic to macroscopic scale was performed using the mean field homogenization. One of the difficulties with the use of this model lies in the identification of many parameters characterizing the hygrothermal properties of materials. Therefore, a part of the present work was devoted to the evaluation of the main properties of materials through the development of various experimental prototypes in the laboratory. More over, an experimental approach dedicated to the evaluation of the thermodiffusion process in porous materials has been undertaken. In this way, an experimentation concerning the determination of the temperature gradient and dynamics of water exchange process inside walls has been established. Furthermore, the use of the experimental platform MegaCup at theTechnical University of Denmark has collected data on the sensitivity of the thermodiffusion effect. Subsequently, a comparison of the experimental and the numerical results was performed. Few differences were observed. Otherwise, an experimental investigation on the contribution of the mass infiltration of water transfers in building materials was performed. A characterization of the moisture infiltration coefficient was performed through the development of the experimental test. This coefficient was used as an input parameter in the simulation models
Da, fonseca Clemens Stéphanie. "Spéciation du mercure dans les produits de la pêche par double dilution isotopique et chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse à plasma induit (GC-ICP-MS)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00753697.
Full textElistratova, Vera. "Conception optimale d’une gamme de moteurs synchrones à démarrage direct à haute performance énergétique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0022/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop a multi-physical generic model (and a pre-design software) for a range of LSPMSMs which would integrate the advantages of both technologies: self-start asynchronous technology and good energy performance of synchronous permanent magnet technology. The validation of this model is carried out by finite element commercial software ANSYS / Maxwell and by experimental tests using two 7.5kW.LSPMSM prototypes
Doron, Maeva. "Utilisation des données de couleur de l'océan pour estimer les propriétés optiques des eaux côtières : caractérisation du signal marin dans le proche infrarouge pour les eaux turbides, développement d'algorithmes semi-analytiques, validation avec des données satellitaires." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066423.
Full textFor human societies, the coastal ocean is very important for economical (harvest of the sea resources), ecological (water quality) and social (pressure of urbanization) reasons. Spaceborne ocean color sensors, owing to their spatial and temporal coverage, should provide powerful tools for monitoring of coastal zones. The present thesis is dedicated to the interpretation of remotely sensed ocean color data captured above coastal waters. Three different aspects, theoretical and applied, are studied: 1) the variations of the marine signal in the near infrared, which is crucial to perform atmospheric corrections above turbid waters, 2) the inversion of ocean color data to retrieve physical and biogeochemical properties, with the development of algorithms validated in coastal waters, 3) the elaboration and validation of an algorithm allowing the estimation of water transparency from space, the water transparency being an indicator of water quality. The general approach is to focus on the current knowledge of the optical properties of the substances, and to extract as analytically as possible the information encapsulated in the data, according to the published relationships between those properties and the radiometric data. At each step, measurements such as bio-optical data gathered in situ in various environments, water transparency data, radiative transfer simulations, or remotely sensed data allowed to test systematically the robustness and validity of the algorithms. This work paves the way to further use remotely sensed ocean color data above coastal waters, through development of semi-analytical algorithms
Fuchs, Benjamin. "Lentilles stratifiées et sources réelles associées - Analyses théoriques et validations expérimentales en ondes millimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194403.
Full textParmi celles-ci, la lentille hémisphérique "Half Maxwell Fish-Eye" (HMFE) a rarement été étudiée auparavant. Cette thèse a pour but d'approfondir les connaissances sur cette lentille. Des outils de conception et d'analyse ont ainsi été développés.
Une méthode d'optimisation de la discrétisation du gradient d'indice a été proposée et appliquée aux lentilles HMFE et de Luneburg. Elle permet de choisir les paramètres des lentilles stratifiées et est généralisable à tout type de loi à dépendance radiale tant diélectrique que magnétique.
La majeure partie de ce travail de thèse est consacrée au développement de deux codes de calcul utilisant la technique de raccordement des modes basée sur les fonctions d'ondes sphériques.
Le premier code permet l'analyse rapide des lentilles stratifiées de forme sphérique et hémisphérique de toute taille associées à une source réelle. Le second est formulé pour prendre en compte des structures stratifiées de forme arbitraire avec la possibilité d'introduire du métal. Cette méthode est appliquée à l'étude d'objets diffractants de révolution.
D'un point de vue applicatif, les performances en focalisation des antennes lentilles HMFE sont analysées et comparées à celles des lentilles de Luneburg. Les capacités de dépointage de cette lentille sont aussi quantifiées et une antenne lentille HMFE reconfigurable est présentée.
Ces performances sont validées par des mesures d'antennes lentilles HMFE en ondes millimétriques.
Marino, Sonia. "Phénomènes de transports couplés induits par des circulations de fluides dans des milieux poreux et fracturés." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077119.
Full textSwiha, Stéphanie. "Optimisation du suivi de l'exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques pendant la grossesse avec le développement et la validation de méthodes analytiques et biologiques Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human biological samples Development of an analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of 24 regulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in maternal and umbilical cord sera Validation of the analytical procedure for the determination of 22 regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in maternal and umbilical cord sera." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB020.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mainly emitted by human activities and are one of the main pollutant groups in air, soils, waters, and food. Therefore, they are subject to atmospheric, environmental and food monitoring. This study focuses on the particular case of exposure of pregnant women and their fetus, which are at risks. Indeed, PAH exposure can lead to fetal malformations, prematurity and even disorders in children and adult. To date, only a few PAHs regulated by US-EPA were searched and quantified in maternal or umbilical cord blood. Moreover, analytical performance data are often lacking. Hence, this study aims for the first time in France, at developing analytical and biological methods for the monitoring of PAH exposure during pregnancy. In a first part, the simultaneous determination of the 24 regulated PAHs in sera from maternal and umbilical cord bloods was developed. First, the analysis of the 24 PAHs by liquid chromatography and UV and fluorescence detections (HPLC-UV-FD) and by gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were optimized. The sample pretreatment of the plasma samples was next developed. The precipitation of the proteins present in the plasma was optimized with a Design of Experiment to disrupt all the interactions between them and the PAHs. A solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol, with a C18-based sorbent, was next optimized to extract and concentrate the PAHs. To improve the enrichment factors, the elution SPE fractions were next evaporated and 2 approaches were evaluated: a total or a partial evaporation ("last drop" method). The final analytical protocol involving the sample pretreatment followed by HPLC-UV-FD or GC-MS was successfully validated with spiked pooled sera from maternal and umbilical cord bloods with the accuracy profile approach. Then, sera samples from maternal and umbilical cord bloods were analyzed by LC/UV-FD and GC/MS. Finally, the previously developed analytical methods were used for a study with the ex vivo human cotyledon perfusion model. Perfusions were carried out for the first time with a mix of 14 US-EPA PAHs and their placental transfer was demonstrated. In addition, human trophoblast cell cultures with 1 µM with 14 US-EPA PAHs were carried out to evaluate the impact of PAH exposure on placental functions. The dysfunction of certain placental functions such as trophoblast fusion and differentiation, endocrine functions and detoxification functions was demonstrated
Tahami, Monfared Amir Abbas. "A reliable and robust algorithm to identify episodes of hospitalizations using RAMQ medical services claims : methodology issues & data validation." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14216.
Full textEngland, Roxane. "Développement d’outils analytiques pour évaluer la biodisponibilité du Cd dans les eaux douces." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4702.
Full textPhytochelatins (PC) are polypeptides having the general structure, (alpha-Glu-Cys)n-Gly, where n = 2 to 11. Many plants respond to an elevated concentration of metals in environment, particularly Cd, by synthesizing PC. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the bioavailability of the Cd in fresh water by determining phytochelatins in algae, C. reinhardtii, by online HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The gold of this work was the validation of the analytical method i.e. the determination of the calibration curves and the limits of detection. The addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), 25 mM, was found to be necessary to maintain the PC in their reduced form for analysis. It was shown that the liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) technique has excellent potential for PC analysis, however, it will still requires some more work with respect to sample purification. Furthermore, the stability of the PC was evaluated for different sample storage temperatures. At all temperatures studied, some degradation of PC was observed possibly due to physical rather than chemical or bacterial reasons. Finally, the induction of phytochelatins (PC2, PC3 and PC4) was observed in C. reinhardtii for two Cd concentrations (10-7 M and 10-6 M) and for several induction times (1, 2, 4, and 6 h).