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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Validity research'
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Krogstad, Finn. "Evaluating the validity of research implications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5551.
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Dadds, Marion. "Validity and award-bearing teacher action-research." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293229.
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Gaede, Rolf Joachim. "Validity in image-based research : a Delphi study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16049.
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Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The area of study is the notion of validity in image-based research, i.e. research approaches where visual images such as photographs or video recordings form an integral part of one or more of the methods used. In the literature investigation chapters of the study, (1) the notion of validity is reviewed with special reference to contributions by Cook and Campbell, Guba and Lincoln, Kvale, Lather and Morse; (2) the inherent properties of visual images are discussed from a semiotic perspective, and (3) following a discussion of reflexivity in image-based research, the various domains of image-based research practice are demarcated according to the unit of analysis, the data format, the researcher role (outsider, insider, participant) and the production of the visual material (ex ante or ex post with weak or strong researcher control). The literature investigation chapters were taken as the point of departure for the development of a conceptual framework for assessing validity in image-based research, the mechanics of which are illustrated with reference to selected aspects of image-based research projects by Lomax and Casey, Clark and Zimmer, Rich and Chalfen, DuFon and Chaplin. The conceptual framework was refined on the strength of a Delphi study. The Delphi procedure involved canvassing and pooling the opinions of experts in the field of image-based research about issues of validity with a view to ensure that the assumptions made during the development of the conceptual framework fit sufficiently with image-based research practice. Flowing from the literature investigation chapters as well as the Delphi procedure, the central thesis of the study is that the notion of validity is in the first instance contextdependent and that this is compounded in the case of image-based research by the relative instability of iconic codes and the strong drift towards 'unlimited' semiosis inherent in the visual communication process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studieveld behels ‘n ondersoek na die gedagte van geldigheid soos van toepassing op beeldgebaseerde navorsing, d.w.s. navorsingsbenaderings waar visuele beelde soos foto’s of video-opnames ‘n integrale deel uitmaak maak een of meer van die metodes wat gebruik word. In die hoofstukke wat die literatuurstudie uitmaak, word (1) die gedagte van geldigheid onder die loep geneem met spesifieke verwysing na die bydraes van Cook en Campbell, Guba en Lincoln, Kvale, Lather en Morse, (2) word die inherente eienskappe van visuele beelde vanaf 'n semiotiese oogpunt bespreek, en (3) word die verskeie velde van beeldgebaseerde navorsingspraktyk afgebaken volgens die eenheid van ontleding, die dataformaat, die rol van die navorser (buitestaander, binnestaander, deelnemer) en die produksie van die visuele materiaal (ex ante of ex post met sterk of swak navorserkontrole). Die hoofstukke wat gemoeid is met die literatuurstudie is as vertrekpunt geneem vir die daarstelling van ‘n konsepsuele raamwerk vir geldigheid aangaande beeldgebaseerde navorsing, en die werking hiervan is geïllustreer met verwysing na geselekteerde aspekte van beeldgebaseerde navorsing deur Lomax en Casey, Clark en Zimmer, Rich en Chalfen, DuFon end Chaplin. Hierdie konsepsuele raamwerk is verder verfyn op grond van ‘n Delphi-prosedure. Die Delphi-prosedure het behels dat die opinies van deskundiges in die veld van beeldgebaseerde navorsing aangaande kwessies van geldigheid ingewin en saamgevoeg is met die oog om te verseker dat die aannames wat gemaak is ten tyde van die ontwikkeling van die konsepsuele raamwerk genoegsaam gepas is vir die praktyk van beeldgebaseerde navorsing. Die tesis van die studie, gebaseer op die uitkomste van die literatuurstudie en die Delphi-prosedure, is dat die gedagte van geldigheid konteks-afhanklik is, wat in die geval van beeldgebaseerde navorsing vererger word deur die feit dat ikoniese kodes relatiefonstabiel is en dat die proses van visuele kommunikasie 'n sterk tendens na 'eindelose' semiosis toon.
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Berjawi, Rania. "Evaluating Construct Validity Within Preclinical In Vivo Animal Research." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42159.
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Background: Construct validity refers to the degree to which tests that claim to measure a “construct” (i.e., an inferred concept that is intangible regarding an individual’s health or internal state such as a disease, or postulated attribute) are truly reflective of that specific construct. It is suggested that construct validity is an important concept in preclinical research, as it may help reduce misinterpretations of study results allowing for better ability to predict the success of clinical translation of preclinical studies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to confirm its impact on preclinical research efficacy.
Objectives: (I) Conduct a scoping review of the construct validity literature as it relates to the design of in vivo animal studies. (II) Conduct an overview of systematics reviews evaluating the application and reporting of construct validity within systematic reviews of in vivo animal studies.
Methods: For the scoping review, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria was intentionally broad as we included any article that mentioned construct validity in preclinical in vivo research. Further review of citations was performed on eligible studies that provided substantial discussion on construct validity. For the overview, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and TOXLINE for systematic reviews of preclinical in vivo interventions. The outcomes of interest were the prevalence of systematic reviews that mentioned construct validity and the prevalence of reviews that assessed construct validity.
Results: The literature searches for the scoping and overview yielded 3657 and 2356 articles, respectively. After screening 372 and 444 met inclusion criteria for the scoping and overview. Six codes were generated (theory; mechanism; matches the human condition; measures what it reports to; experimental conditions; and outcomes) from the content analysis for the definition of construct validity. Of the 444 systematic reviews, seven mentioned construct validity, but only three used the term construct validity directly. None of the systematic reviews assessed construct validity.
Discussion/Conclusion: Construct validity was not defined uniformly among studies suggesting it is not clearly understood. There was limited reporting on construct validity in systematic reviews and entirely no assessment of it; this may reflect a lack of awareness of this concept. Future research should aim to find a consensus on the definition of construct validity in order to develop tools and frameworks to help researchers assess construct validity.
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James, Megan. "The validity endeavour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4162.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Qualitative and quantitative research implies different meta-theoretical approaches to knowledge production. The former maintains a constructivist and interpretative perspective, as opposed to the latter, which exists within a realist and even positivist paradigm. Within the field of research methodology, the dominant conceptualisation of validity is based on a positivist discourse, which suggests that (social) scientific research should strive to attain an ultimate truth. This understanding of validity is difficult to achieve within a research paradigm that values the idiosyncratic world views of the participants under investigation. The introduction of CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), however, brought with it the hope that its application would confer upon qualitative research the rigour associated with validity in a mainly positivist interpretation of the research process. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to determine whether CAQDAS can make a significant contribution to efforts aimed at validating qualitative research. The research design employed in the present study is that of a descriptive content analysis, focussing on scientific articles that not only report qualitative studies, but also make explicit reference to the use of CAQDAS, and describe validation techniques applied during the research process. Purposive sampling was applied to select 108 articles, published from 1996 to 2009, that meet the sampling criteria and that were identified through online searches of various bibliographic databases and search engines. The study investigates three predominant research questions concerned with the following: (1) the most commonly used software programmes; (2) trends in CAQDAS use over time; as well as (3) the validation techniques reported in examined scientific articles, distinguishing between techniques that are performed with and without the use of CAQDAS. With regard to the first two research questions, it was found that the three most commonly used software programmes are QSR N programmes (including NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 and N6), followed by Atlas.ti and MAXqda (including the earlier version winMAX), and that there has been a general increase over iv the past 13 years (1996-2009) in the number of qualitative research articles reporting CAQDAS use. The exploration of validation techniques utilised in qualitative research, as reported in the examined scientific articles, demonstrated that the techniques are in most cases performed manually. Although CAQDAS offers many benefits, the predominant validation techniques reported can be, and still are, performed without CAQDAS. Techniques that would have been impossible without CAQDAS are based on the data display features of CAQDAS, as well as on the accuracy and consistency offered by CAQDAS in the execution of certain actions. The findings generated by this study seem to support the hypothesis that CAQDAS per se does not enhance validity, since it is predominantly utilised as merely a research tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsing is gegrond op verskillende meta-teoretiese benaderings tot die lewering van inligting. Eersgenoemde handhaaf ‘n konstruktivistiese en interpretatiewe perspektief, teenoor laasgenoemde, wat binne ‘n paradigma bestaan wat gegrond is op realisme en positivisme. Binne die veld van navorsingsmetodologie, is die oorwegende konseptualisering van geldigheid, gebaseer op ‘n positivistiese diskoers, wat voorstel dat (sosiale) wetenskaplike navorsing daarna moet streef om ‘n absolute waarheid te bereik. Hierdie begrip van geldigheid word moeilik verwesenlik binne ‘n navorsingsparadigma wat waarde heg aan die ideosinkratiese wêreldbeskouinge van die navorsingsdeelnemers. CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), is bekend gestel met die hoop dat die gebruik daarvan kwalitatiewe navorsing sal verleen met stiptheid wat met geldigheid geassosieer word, oorwegend binne ‘n positivistiese interpretasie van die navorsingsproses. Die oorkoepelende doelwit van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of CAQDAS enige betekenisvolle bydrae kan maak tot pogings om die geldigheid van kwalitatiewe navorsing te verbeter. Die navorsingsontwerp van die huidige studie is die van ‘n beskrywende inhoudsanalise, wat fokus op wetenskaplike artikels wat nie net berig oor kwalitatiwe studies nie, maar ook verwys na die gebruik van CAQDAS, en die geldigheidstegnieke wat tydens die navorsingsproses toegepas is, bespreek. Doelgerigte steekproeftrekking is toegepas en 108 artikels, wat gepubliseer is vanaf 1996-2009, was geselekteer op grond van die feit dat hulle aan die seleksie kriteria voldoen. Die artikels was geïdentifiseer deur aanlyn soektogte van verskeie bibliografiese databasisse en soekenjins. Die studie ondersoek drie oorwegende navorsingsvrae met betrekking tot die volgende: (1) die sagteware programme wat die meeste gebruik word; (2) neigings in die gebruik van CAQDAS oor verloop van ‘n tydperk; sowel as (3) die geldigheidstegnieke wat in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels vi gerapporteer word, deur onderskeid te tref tussen tegnieke wat met of sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer word. Met verwysing na die eerste twee navorsingsvrae, was dit gevind dat die drie algemeenste sagteware programme wat gebruik is, QSR N programme (insluitend NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 en N6), gevolg deur Atlas.ti en MAXqda (insluitend die vroëere weergawe winMAX) is, en dat daar oor die algemeen ‘n toename is in die getal kwalitatiewe navorsingsartikels oor die afgelope 13 jaar (1996-2009), wat die gebruik van CAQDAS rapporteer. Die ondersoek na geldigheidstegnieke wat in kwalitatiewe navorsing gebruik word, soos berig in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels, het getoon dat die tegnieke in die meeste gevalle sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer is. Ten spyte van die feit dat die gebruik van CAQDAS voordele inhou, word die meerderheid geldigheidstegnieke wat gerapporteeer word, steeds sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer. Tegnieke wat nie sonder die hulp van CAQDAS uitegevoer kon word nie, is gebaseer op die data vertoningsvermoë van CAQDAS, sowel as op die akkuraatheid en konsekwentheid waarmee CAQDAS sekere opdragte uitvoer. Die bevindinge wat gegenereer is deur hierdie studie blyk asof dit die hipotese ondersteun dat CAQDAS nie opsig self die geldigheid versterk nie, aangesien dit oorwegend bloot as ‘n navorsingsinstrument gebruik word.
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Ramirez, Francisco Daniel. "Methodological Rigour in Preclinical Research: Implications for its Scientific Validity and Biomedical Progress." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39426.
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Preclinical research using animals often precedes and informs clinical trials; however, most attempts to translate findings from “bench-to-bedside” fail. There is growing concern that an important cause of failed translations is that much of preclinical research is not reproducible, with poor experimental methodology believed to be a major contributor. Four studies were conducted: (1) an assessment of reported study designs of preclinical experiments published in leading cardiovascular journals; (2) an examination of sex bias in preclinical cardiovascular research; (3) a comparison of experimental practices between male and female preclinical cardiovascular researchers; and (4) an analysis of the influence of journal initiatives on preclinical research quality. These studies suggest that (1) methodological shortcomings are prevalent and persistent in preclinical cardiovascular research; (2) women’s involvement in preclinical cardiovascular research is positively associated with considering sex as a biological variable; and (3) journals can exert considerable influence on the quality of published data.
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Perkins, Anne Witt. "Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI): A validity study." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618615.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the construct and predictive validity of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI). The LASSI is an instrument designed to assess utilization of learning and study strategies and methods for the purpose of measuring strategy use, diagnosing deficiencies, and prescribing intervention. The literature suggests that valid instruments of this type are sadly lacking. The LASSI User's Manual, however, presents no statistical evidence of instrument validity. The need for this verification became crucial with The College of William and Mary's selection of the inventory for administration to the 1990 freshman class. Using data obtained from this administration and a subsequent retest, statistical analyses were conducted to confirm instrument reliability and examine construct and predictive validity. Results indicated that while reliable, the ten LASSI scales possessed no construct validity, as measured by factor analysis, and low predictive validity when first semester college grade point average was the performance criterion. Until the completion of further research, the validity of the LASSI is at best suspect, and use of the instrument is not recommended.
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Liu, Yuanlong. "The statistical validity of using ratio variables in human kinetics research." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ46373.pdf.
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Ho, Ying-kit Edmond, and 何應傑. "Investigating the validity and reliability of international physical activity questionnaire (Chinese version)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257380.
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Kitchin, R. M. "Issues of validity and integrity in cognitive mapping research : investigating configurational knowledge." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637806.
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It is argued in this thesis that at present, research within the field of cognitive mapping is theoretically and practically weak. The relevant issues of validity which are leading to weak research are explored, and ways to increase the integrity of conclusions that can be drawn from cognitive mapping research are outlined. The first half of the thesis concentrates on examining how cognitive mapping research can be strengthened from a conceptual perspective. The field of cognitive mapping is defined and its reasons for study justified. Issues relating to the practical study of cognitive map knowledge are examined, and it is argued that the route to stronger validity is through the integration of ideas and concepts from geography and psychology. A conceptual shema is detailed which attempts such an integration. The second half of the thesis details the practical study. Four studies were undertaken using a multi-data, multi-analysis research strategy to examine issues of practical validity. Both quantitative tests and qualitative semi-talk aloud protocols were used to collect data. It was discovered that all the configurational knowledge tests produced varying results due to methodological biases. Spatial familiarity was found to be a significant factor in the acquisition of cognitive map knowledge, but there were only a few minor differences between the results of females and males. It was established that alternative aggregation strategies lead to different results, and it was concluded that each strategy should be used for specific purposes. Respondents reported many different strategies of thinking about geographic space, although no one strategy produced better results. There was evidence that respondents' knowledge is stored as both imagery and propositions, and that it is stored hierarchically. This thesis provides evidence that the convergence and integration of ideas and techniques from geography and psychology is fruitful, producing research which is conceptually sound, and that the issues of practical validity can be successfully strengthened.
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Žujović, Alisa Murphy. "Predictive Validity of Florida’s Postsecondary Education Readiness Test." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7253.
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The role of the community college is constantly evolving. At its inception in the early 1900’s, the community college’s broad focus was to provide quality, affordable education to the members of the community the college serves. Today, that focus remains the same, but has also morphed into one that meets the specific needs of its students. One of these needs that is a critical issue for community colleges relates to developmental education.
The assessment of developmental education has been a contentious subject among higher education institutions. Defining college readiness, methods describing how to measure it, and instruments with which to measure it, have all been issues that higher education researchers have debated. Using multilevel modeling, this study evaluated a customized developmental education assessment measure in a single community college in Florida, and its ability to correctly place students in appropriate courses.
The Postsecondary Education Readiness Test (PERT) was implemented in Florida in 2010 as the primary gauge of student readiness based on competencies identified by Florida’s high school, college and university faculty. PERT assesses these competencies in the areas of mathematics, reading and writing. The courses of interest in this study were four math courses offered in community colleges across Florida: Developmental Math I (MAT 0018), Developmental Math II (MAT 0028), Intermediate Algebra (MAT 1033), and College Algebra (MAC 1105).
The sample for Developmental Math I consisted of 727 students in 64 sections; for Developmental Math II, 900 students in 197 sections; for Intermediate Algebra, 713 students in 328 sections; and for College Algebra, 270 students in 204 sections. Five models were formulated to investigate the predictive validity of the PERT with final grades in the aforementioned math courses. These models also analyzed the relationships with student and course level predictors. Student level predictors included whether student had a first time in college status, student race/ethnicity, gender, student enrollment status (part-time or full-time), age, PERT score, and final grade in the math course. Course level variables consisted of employment status of instructor (part-time or full-time), the number of years the instructor had been employed, time of day of the course (day or evening), and the course delivery method (on campus or online).
Results of this study indicated that the PERT score was a significant predictor for Developmental Math I, Developmental Math II, and College Algebra showing a positive relationship with final grade in each of these courses. Four of the research questions inquired as to whether interaction effects with the PERT score and race, and PERT score and gender existed. No interaction were significant, which indicated that no differential predictive validity was evident. The remaining two research questions examined the level of variance associated with the student and course level variables. For Developmental Math I, Black students had lower final grades than White students, and older students performed better than younger students. In Developmental Math II, female students had higher final grades than males, and older students had higher grades. For the credit-level courses, in Intermediate Algebra, full-time students had higher final grades than part-time students, and once again, older students exhibited higher grades. In College Algebra, for the final model, only the PERT score was significant. No other student nor course level variables was found to be significant predictors of final grade.
These results are only a preliminary view of how PERT test scores relate to final math grades in only one institution in Florida. Statewide standard setting procedures are necessary in order to properly assess whether cut score for the PERT are appropriate, and to determine if this test is properly measuring the construct it intends in order to verify the reliability of the test items, and the validity of the test itself.
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Scott, Sara Ann. "An analysis of the validity of the Enneagram." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154163.
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Rae, Kirsty Margaret. "Measuring Stakeholder Perceptions: A Review of Social Validity Measures in Speech Pathology Research." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1587771051079892.
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Lee, Ching-yee Cherry, and 李靜儀. "Investigating the validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Chinese version)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257409.
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Miettunen, J. (Jouko). "Statistical methods in psychiatric research, with special reference on factor analysis." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273672.
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Abstract This interdisciplinary study describes in the first part the frequency with which various statistical research designs and methods are reported in psychiatric journals, and investigates how the use of these methods affect the visibility of the article in the form of received citations. In the second part focus is specifically on factor analysis, and the study presents two applications of this method. Original research articles (N = 448) from four general psychiatric journals in 1996 were reviewed. The journals were the American Journal of Psychiatry, the Archives of General Psychiatry, the British Journal of Psychiatry and the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. There were differences in the utilisation of statistical procedures among the journals. The use of statistical methods was not strongly associated with the further utilisation of an article. However, extended description of statistical procedures had a positive effect on the received citations. Factor analysis is a statistical method based on correlations of the variables, which is often used when validity and structure of psychiatric instruments are studied. Exploratory factor analysis is designed to explore underlying latent factors, and in confirmatory factor analysis the aim is to verify the factor structure based on earlier findings in other data sets. Using data from the 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study this study aimed to demonstrate the validity and factor structure of scales measuring temperament (Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, TPQ, and Temperament and Character Inventory, TCI) and alexithymia (20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20). The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated good performance of the TCI and TPQ, though the results suggested that some developmental work is still needed. Of the two scales, the TCI worked psychometrically better than the TPQ. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of TAS-20 was in agreement with the Finnish version of the scale. To conclude, future authors of psychiatric journals might apply these results in designing their research to present intelligible and compact analysis combined with a high quality presentation technique. Results of the factor analyses showed that the TPQ, TCI and TAS-20 can be used also in their Finnish versionsTiivistelmä Tämä poikkitieteellinen tutkimus kuvaa erilaisten tilastotieteellisten menetelmien yleisyyttä ja merkitystä psykiatriassa. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä osassa tutkitaan erilaisten tilastomenetelmien ja tutkimusasetelmien osuutta psykiatrisissa artikkeleissa ja lisäksi käytettyjen menetelmien vaikutusta artikkelien saamien viittausten lukumäärään. Tutkimuksen toisessa osassa keskitytään faktorianalyysiin ja esitetään kaksi siihen liittyvää sovellusta. Aineiston muodostavat alkuperäistuloksia esittelevät artikkelit (N = 448) neljästä eri psykiatrian tieteellisestä yleislehdestä vuodelta 1996. Kyseiset lehdet ovat American Journal of Psychiatry, Archives of General Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry ja Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. Lehdet erosivat toisistaan tilastotieteellisten menetelmien käytössä ja tulosten esittämisessä. Tilastotieteellisten menetelmien käytöllä ei ollut suurta vaikutusta artikkelien saamien viittausten lukumäärään, mutta laajalla menetelmien kuvauksella oli positiivinen vaikutus viittausten lukumäärään. Faktorianalyysi on tilastotieteellinen tutkimusmenetelmä, jota käytetään tutkittaessa millaisista osatekijöistä erilaiset monimutkaiset ilmiöt koostuvat. Erityisesti tutkittaessa psykiatristen mittareiden validiteettia ja rakennetta faktorianalyysi on osoittautunut hyödylliseksi. Eksploratiivisessa faktorianalyysissa tarkoituksena on etsiä taustalla olevia piileviä muuttujia ja konfirmatorisessa faktorianalyysissa tarkoitus on vahvistaa aiemmissa tutkimuksissa todettu mittarin faktorirakenne. Tässä tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään aineistoa Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohortin 31 vuoden seurannasta. Aineiston avulla tutkitaan temperamenttia (Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, TPQ, ja Temperament and Character Inventory, TCI) ja aleksitymiaa (20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20) tutkivien mittareiden suomenkielisten käännöksien validiteettia ja faktorirakennetta. Eksploratiivisen faktorianalyysin tulokset kertoivat, että TPQ ja TCI toimivat hyvin myös suomenkielellä. Kuitenkin mittareissa on vielä kehittämisen varaa. TCI:n psykometriset ominaisuudet olivat paremmat kuin TPQ:n. Aleksitymiamittarin TAS-20 konfirmatorinen faktorianalyysi osoitti että aiemmin julkaistu kolmen faktorin malli toimi hyvin myös suomalaisella versiolla. Psykiatristen artikkelien kirjoittajat voivat hyödyntää tämän tutkimuksen tuloksia suunnitellessaan psykiatrista tutkimusta suuntaan, jossa selkeä ja tiivis tulosten analysointitapa ja korkealaatuinen tulosten esitystapa korostuu. Faktorianalyysi soveltuu hyvin mittarin validiteetin tutkimiseen. Tutkimus osoitti TPQ-, TCI- ja TAS-20-mittareiden suomenkielisten versioiden validiteetin
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Goins, David Matthew. "Population Cross-Validity Estimation and Adjustment for Direct Range Restriction: A Monte Carlo Investigation of Procedural Sequences to Achieve Optimal Cross-Validity." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/165.
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The current study employs Monte Carlo analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of various statistical procedures for determining specific values of interest within a population of 1,000,000 cases. Specifically, the proper procedures for addressing the opposing effects of direct range restriction and validity overestimation were assessed through a comparison of multiple correlation coefficients derived using various sequences of procedures in randomly drawn samples. A comparison of the average bias associated with these methods indicated that correction for range restriction prior to the application of a validity overestimation adjustment formula yielded the best estimate of population parameters over a number of conditions. Additionally, similar methods were employed to assess the effectiveness of the standard ΔR2F-test for determining, based on characteristics of the derivation sample, the comparative superiority of either optimally or unit weighted composites in future samples; this procedure was largely ineffective under the conditions employed in the current study.
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Hoskins, Matt C. "Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency: Reliability, Validity, and Usability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3012.
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Standardized formative mathematics assessments typically fail to capture the depth of current standards and curricula. Consequently, these assessments demonstrate limited utility for informing the instructional implementation choices of teachers. This problem is particularly salient as it relates to the mathematical problem solving process. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency, a curriculum-based measure (CBM) of mathematical problem solving. The development of the assessment was based on previous research describing the cognitive process of translation (Mayer, 2002) as well as mathematical concept development at the quantitative, structural, and symbolic levels (Dehaene, 2011; Faulkner, 2009; Griffin, 2004).
Data on the Structural-Symbolic Translation Fluency assessment were collected from 11 mathematics and psychometrics experts and 42 second grade students during the spring of 2016. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequencies, Spearman-Brown correlation, joint probability of agreement, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Psychometric features of interest included internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, and criterion-related validity. Testing of the 9 research questions revealed 9 significant findings. Despite significant statistical findings, several coefficients did not meet pre-established criteria required for validation. Hypothesized modifications to improve the psychometric characteristics are suggested as the focus of future research. In addition, recommendations are made concerning the role of assessing the translation process of mathematical problem solving.
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Sahami, Saeed. "Modeling adaptation behavior to driving simulators and effect of experimental practice on research validity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34936.
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Driving simulators provide a safe and controllable environment, where different aspects of driving can be analyzed without risking other road users’ safety. However, as simulators cannot precisely replicate real-life scenarios, there has been an ongoing debate about how well the results of simulator studies can be generalized to the actual world. Many studies have compared the outcomes of field experiments and those involving their simulated counterparts in order to test the validity of the research on driving simulators. In nearly all cases, however, the researchers made comparisons without analyzing the underlying psychological explanations behind potential differences. This thesis will discuss why adaptation, or the process by which participants learn how to interact with a simulator, is an important precondition of validity in simulator experiments. Data collected from several experiments revealed that adaptation can distract participants from performing the main task and can systematically bias the results of the experiments. The current study demonstrated that although most researchers provide a practice session before the main scenario, there is no unified approach to determine the characteristics of practice scenarios. The practice sessions vary greatly both in duration and form; and no method has been formulated to verify that a participant has in fact adapted at the end of the practice session. To address these shortcomings, this thesis provides a methodology that mathematically models the learning pattern of subjects to steering and pedals, which can also help identify the adapted and non-adapted subjects at the conclusion of practice scenarios. A comparison of the results of two groups of subjects (control and experiment) showed that adaptation to a driving simulator is largely task-independent. This study analyzed the effect of the practice scenario design on the performance of participants in the main task, which led to the observation that during the main scenario participants tend to continue focusing on the subskills they learned during the practice scenario. Based on the results of these experiments, the thesis provides recommendations on how to measure adaptation and also how to improve the quality of the practice scenario design to minimize any unwanted impact on the main scenario.
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Thorsdottir, Fanney. "On the validity of attitude measurements in survey research : a comparison of psychometric models." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419492.
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Shearer, Jessica B. "Examining Content Validity of the Nurse Competence Scale in the United States." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6585.
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Nursing competence is a necessity as it affects public health, safety and welfare; however there are very few reliable and valid tools that measure nursing competence. The Nurse Competence Scale has been used in many different countries outside of the United States and is based on Benner’s Novice to Expert theory. The purpose of this study was to examine the content validity of the Nurse Competence Scale using a mixed methods approach. Descriptive statistics were used to report results of the frequency of use scale and the critical to practice scale. Nursing faculty indicate Prioritizing My Activities Flexibility According to Changing Situations in the Managing Situations category of the Nurse Competence Scale as most frequently used. Nursing faculty rated Acting Appropriate in Life Threatening Situations as most critical to practice. Based on the results from this study, there is evidence to support the content validity of the Nurse Competence Scale in the United States. Results may be used to assess students prior to National Council Licensure Examination and may further the discussion on how nursing competence is measured globally. Additional research is need on the use of the NCS in the United States.
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Ousley, Lisa, Retha Gentry, and Candice Short. "Pre-Research Face and Content Validity for New Dermatology Education Tools for Use in Simulation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7361.
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Baerecke, Lauren. "Investigating the psychometric properties of a South African adaptation of the Boston Naming Test : evidence for diagnostic validity from a memory clinic population." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10019.
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Includes abstract.The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a popular confrontation naming test that is frequently used in the detection of naming deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the test may not be appropriate when used outside of North America due to the influence of varying word frequency and familiarity between different cultures and languages. This study investigated the diagnostic validity of a South African 15-item adaption of the BNT (the BNT-SA-SF) in a Cape Town memory clinic population of patients with dementia and healthy, community-dwelling control participants. Between-groups comparisons, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and other diagnostic efficiency statistics were used to assess the test's discriminative capacity between patients with AD (n = 46), patients with other types of dementia (n = 23), and controls (n = 51), matched on key demographic variables. The AD group performed worse than patients with other types of dementia and controls on the BNT-SA-SF, and patients with other types of dementia scored more poorly than controls. The test showed the most significant discriminative capacity between patients with AD and controls, however. A general linear model examining the effects of socio-demographic variables on test performance found that BNT-SA-SF performance was not significantly affected by the socio-demographic characteristics of participants, including age, education, language, or socio-economic status, with the exception that men appear to achieve higher scores than women. Further, an item analysis identified a number of problematic items and suggestions are made concerning how to deal with these in future studies. Preliminary normative data stratified by sex and education are presented. Results support the clinical utility of the BNT-SA-SF as a screening test to aid in the diagnosis of AD from normal aging with older adults in South Africa. This study is a valuable step forward in the ongoing attempt to provide culturally appropriate and valid neuropsychological tests and norms for clinical and research purposes in South Africa. Future studies should examine the functioning of the test in larger samples, representative of the other major population and language groups in South Africa.
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Chan, Ka-lok, and 陳加樂. "Investigating the validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire (Chinese version)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257355.
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Saarinen, Leena A. "Should gender matter? : Assessing the validity of the research processes regarding women’s participation in peace negotiations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28974.
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Along with the United Nations Security Council Resolutions on women, peace and security, women’s participation in peace processes has become an increasingly popular research topic in the 2000s. However, while several authors have written on the topic, there seems to be a lack of empirical data to support the argumentation regarding women’s participation in peace negotiations and its impact on agreements and post-conflict societies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out an analysis on the recent research processes that concern women’s participation in formal peace negotiations and its impact, and assess this research in terms of its validity. As the primary data used for this study consisted of scientific publications, content analysis and discourse analysis proved to be appropriate methods to collect and categorise the data. After this process the data were analysed with the help of an analytical framework based on the criteria for validity in scientific research, which was composed of four different elements credibility, transferability, reliability and verifiability. The findings regarding the validity of the research processes concerning women’s participation in peace negotiations and its impact indicated that the research lacks validity to a great extent in all four areas depicted in the analytical framework. The main issues with the past research arose within the connections made between the methods, sources and findings. In addition, it was concluded that there are indications that the scientific discourse on women’s participation is heavily influenced by the UNSC resolutions on women, peace and security, creating more advocacy research with political agenda rather than scientific studies aiming at objectivity. In other words, there are great opportunities to be taken in different areas of research to create more validity on the argumentation and thus, to generate data to support relevant mechanisms for more sustainable peace-building in regards of women’s participation in peace negotiations.
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Shah, Deepti. "The sexual risk cognitions questionnaire : a reliability and validity; a portfolio of study, practice and research." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318657.
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Pierce, Laura E. "CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT INFORMANT RECORD FOR TEACHERS (FAIR-T)." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/9.
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This study assessed the convergent validity of the Functional Assessment Informant Record for Teachers (FAIR-T; Edwards, 2002) with analog functional analyses (FAs). Participants were five teachers and students located at a specialized school serving individuals with disabilities. Teachers had worked with the student for a minimum of 1 month, and students displayed a variety of behavioral topographies. The FAIR-T was conducted by the researcher using telephone or video conferencing technology, and analog functional analyses were conducted in a clinic setting by trained therapists within the course of the student’s typical treatment plan. Results of the FAIR-T were coded according to function, and the results of the analog FAs were graphed and analyzed visually. Results of the FAIR-T and FAs indicated limited convergence between the two assessment methods, though results were somewhat inconclusive. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of the FAIR-T, particularly in the school setting. Directions for future research are discussed in light of the need to delineate efficient means with which to conduct functional behavior assessments within the schools.
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Iurino, Kathryn. "Comparative and Cross-Cultural Validity of the Moral Actions Questionnaire, a Measure for Ethical Virtue." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23911.
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Though current personality models provide a starting point for measuring ethical virtues, ethical content may not be fully captured in existing personality inventories due in part to the systematic elimination of morally-relevant trait-adjectives in early lexical studies. Further, personality dimensions relevant to measuring the ethical domain include both ethical and non-ethical content. The Moral Actions Questionnaire was designed to assess seven conceptually-distinct ethical virtues that are emphasized across cultures and philosophies. This dissertation investigates the performance of the Moral Actions Questionnaire, relative to other candidate models of ethical virtue from personality inventories. Psychometric quality, structural validity, and predictive validity for these models are evaluated in samples from five countries: Kenya, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. Findings suggest that the Moral Actions Questionnaire aids in prediction of altruistic bravery, guilt proneness, satisfaction with life, and meaning with life across most countries. Patterns in psychometric quality and structure across countries and methods (self- and informant-report) are discussed.
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Adolfsson, Per, Marcus Mårdh, and Fredrik Sandevärn. "Att scanna eller inte scanna : En studie om neuromarknadsföringens potential som komplement till eller ersättning av enkät, intervju och fokusgrupp." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13061.
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In order to stay competitive and to be the first choice for customers in a world driven by a high level of competitive advantage, it is important for companies to stay ahead of the competition by conducting thorough market research. Even if this tends to be the case, many products still fail when reaching the market, leaving companies with great losses. The reason for this could be that the development of existing research methods has stagnated, or that they simply lack the ability to find the true answer as to what intentions underlie consumer’s decision making when shopping. Many believe that a new method is desired in order to get a better picture of what customers really think. As a solution to the problem, researchers are using a mix of neuroscience and marketing in order to get into the customers minds. Therefore, this study seeks to create knowledge about the new emerging trend called neuromarketing and its potential as a complement or substitute to surveys, interviews and focus groups. In order to achieve this purpose, relevant theory was collected and compared to the empirical data from focus group studies that were conducted. Findings show that scanning customers’ brains, for now, cannot fully substitute surveys, interviews or focus groups, since each have their own investigational characteristics. This could although change as neuromarketing still is in an early development stage and researchers believe that the method has good future potential. Although neuromarketing cannot be seen as a substitute for now, it still has its advantages compared to surveys, interviews and focus groups. We therefore see that scanning of the brain could be used as a sufficient complement to the other methods through triangulation if companies can afford it.
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Woods, S. A., S. Ahmed, I. Nikolaou, Ana-Cristina Costa, and Neil Anderson. "Personnel Selection in the Digital Age: A Review of Validity and Applicant Reactions, and Future Research Challenges." Taylor francis Group, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17369.
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YesWe present a targeted review of recent developments and advances in digital selection procedures (DSPs) with particular attention to advances in internet-based techniques. By reviewing the emergence of DSPs in selection research and practice, we highlight five main categories of methods (online applications, online psychometric testing, digital interviews, gamified assessment and social media). We discuss the evidence base for each of these DSP groups, focusing on construct and criterion validity, and applicant reactions to their use in organizations. Based on the findings of our review, we present a critique of the evidence base for DSPs in industrial, work and organizational psychology and set out an agenda for advancing research. We identify pressing gaps in our understanding of DSPs, and ten key questions to be answered. Given that DSPs are likely to depart further from traditional nondigital selection procedures in the future, a theme in this agenda is the need to establish a distinct and specific literature on DSPs, and to do so at a pace that reflects the speed of the underlying technological advancement. In concluding, we, therefore, issue a call to action for selection researchers in work and organizational psychology to commence a new and rigorous multidisciplinary programme of scientific study of DSPs.
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Sharp, Melanie. "Validation of self-reports for use in contact research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ee1df93-1a91-4645-b298-d1d2a80853ff.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether self-report measures of contact are valid for use in research testing the ‘contact hypothesis’. The vast majority of contact research has relied on the assumed validity of self-report methods of data collection (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006), even though the potential weaknesses of self-report methodology generally have been well documented. This reliance is necessary, as self-reports remain the only practical method so far developed of measuring certain of the facilitating conditions developed by Allport (1954/1979), and particularly of direct and indirect cross-group friendship (Pettigrew, 1998; Wright, Aron, McLaughlin-Volpe, & Ropp, 1997). However, if self-reports are not a valid method for measuring contact, the derived implications of a large portion of the research effort are potentially flawed. This thesis attempted to address this important oversight, using a variety of methods to investigate whether the use of self-reports in future research on intergroup contact is appropriate. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that self-reports of contact show considerable resistance to context effects, particularly in comparison with self-reports of the more subjective construct of attitudes. Studies 3-5 demonstrated that self-reports of contact agree with the observer-reports of a single observer who knows the target intimately – the spouse or parent. Studies 6 and 7 replicate this agreement through the consensually supported observer-reports of three close friends of the target, thereby reducing any variance due to individual response biases. Finally, studies 8 and 9 demonstrate the concurrent criterion-related validity of self-reports of contact, in that they are able to predict contact on a very large online network called Facebook, on which real-world rather than purely online friendships are primarily represented. These findings offer considerable support for the validity of self-reports as a suitable method for measuring contact. As self-reports remain the only method which has thus far proven suitable for the measurement of those aspects of contact which are essential for exploration of the contact hypothesis, this thesis presents a very heartening and optimistic conclusion and supports the continued use of self-reports in contact research.
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Thakur, Seema. "The validity of situational interview ratings as a function of channel of communication." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1271.
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Watson, Jennifer Marie. "Examining the reliability and validity of the Inicadores Dinámicos del Éxito en la Lectura (IDEL) : a research study /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153799.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-155). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Loftis, Christopher William. "An ecological validity study of executive function measures in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006461.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 128 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sutton, James Eric. "A Test of the Reliability and Validity of the Life-Events Calendar Method Using Ohio Prisoners." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222139932.
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McDonald, Tara. "TESTING VERT™ ACCELEROMETER TO IDENTIFY VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY WHEN COMPARED TO SWITCH MAT." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/475.
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This present study was intended to identify the reliability and validity of the Vert™ device when compared to a Switch mat. Vert is a wireless device intended to measure jump count and jump height through an application on a smartphone or tablet and the Switch mat provides jump height using wireless sensors. Jump height is an important factor in many sports such as volleyball and basketball and it is important to have devices that coaches and trainers can use for testing that they can rely on. If this device is found to be valid and reliable, coaches and trainers could potentially use it in more practical settings such as practice and games due to the portability and small size. This study consisted of 6 subjects who volunteered. The switch mat was connected to the device to display the jump height immediately after the jump. The Vert sensor was clipped onto the subject’s hip near the center of mass and the jump count and height were then displayed on an app. The subjects completed a series of warm-ups followed by 3 sets of 5 repetition countermovement jumps while using both devices to collect the data. The total 15 jump heights from these 3 sets of 5 were then analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis as well as a paired sample T-test. The jump height recorded from the Vert was consistently about 10 cm off from the jump height of the switch mat, which for a volleyball player, could be the difference between blocking and missing the ball. The results of this study showed that the Vert device is reliable but not practically valid. If technical improvements were made to the device to correct the height components the device could potentially be used in place of a force plate or switch mat when conducting athlete testing but the device is not currently valid for practical use.
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Wright, Jason Leonard. "Using Social Validity to Examine Teacher Perspectives of Positive Behavior Intervention Support Programs: A Quasi-Replication Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6179.
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This study represents a quasi-replication of Lane et al. (2009) investigation into the psychometric properties of the Primary Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS). This rating scale was designed to assess the social validity of primary to high school level Positive Behavior Support intervention plans completed by academic staff. Lane's results indicated the PIRS was a one- factor measure with strong reliability and structural validity. To substantiate these findings an adapted version of the PIRS was distributed to teachers from one Utah school district.Quantitative data and additional comments were collected from elementary and middle school teachers. The results were computed using a series of statistical analyses including Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Alpha. Teacher comments were used to provide additional feedback and to examine trends. Results confirmed the Lane et al. findings that the PIRS is a one factor measure with strong internal consistency. Results also indicated that the school district's PBS prevention plan was socially valid from the teachers' perspective.
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Corner, Kevin James. "Exploring the Reliability and Validity of Research Instruments to Examine Secondary School Principals' Authentic Leadership Behavior and Psychological Capital." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556211.
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This study presents research on the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) and the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) in a sample of Arizona secondary school principals. A comprehensive literature review was conducted linking the constructs of psychological capital and authentic leadership to other forms of positive leadership, effective organizational change theories, positive psychology, organizational learning, and empirical research on effective schools. A conceptual model of effective leadership for positive organizational was developed with psychological capital and authentic leadership as critical components. The goal of the study was to determine whether or not these measures of psychological capital and authentic leadership are valid, reliable, and appropriate for further research in educational settings. A confirmatory factor analysis quantitatively examined the goodness of fit between the data collected from Arizona secondary school principals and the predefined factor structure supported by previous theory and research. A sample of N=147 for the ALQ and N=149 for the PCQ-24 were collected from active secondary principals in Arizona. The following questions guided this study: 1. Is the factor structure of the PCQ-24 and the ALQ consistent with the theoretical model? 2. What are the internal consistencies (reliabilities) of the sub scales and the overall reliability for each questionnaire? 3. Are there any significant mean differences in psychological capital or authentic leadership behavior given any of the principal characteristics or school demographics? 4. What is the relationship between psychological capital and authentic leadership? Findings from the study suggested that the correlated four-factor model was a better fit than the theoretical latent factor model for both instruments. Overall reliability met acceptable levels for both instruments; however, some subscales in the self-report ALQ instrument were unreliable. Significant mean differences in principals' age and years as a principal were found in both instruments, along with mean differences on some school demographic factors. Several of these differences support the theoretical constructs of psychological capital and authentic leadership within this population. Given the tentative results of the instruments, additional research is recommended in validating these instruments and potentially modifying them slightly for a population of educators. Additional recommendations and limitations conclude this study.
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Bellmore, Aimée Ryan. "Gender, Culture, and Prison Classification: Testing the Reliability and Validity of a Prison Classification System." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/423.
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Research consistently shows actuarial classification instruments have equal or higher predictive validity than clinical judgment and can lead to more ethical and fair treatment of incarcerated men and women (Austin, 1983, 1986; Bonta, 2002; Clements, 1981; Holsigner, Lowenkamp, & Latessa, 2006; Meehl, 1954; Salisbury, Van Voorhis, & Spiropoulos, 2009). Best correctional practice recommends all objective classification systems are tested for reliability and validity to ensure they are effective for the population they intend to serve (Austin, 1986; Holsinger et al., 2006; Salisbury et al., 2009). This study examined the reliability and validity of the classification and assessment instruments currently used by Golden Grove Adult Correctional Facility (Golden Grove), located on St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). Golden Grove is a mixed-gender, mixed-security status prison managed by the USVI territorial government, and is subject to United States Federal laws and mandates. Data from archival files were used to assess the internal reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity of the classification and assessment instruments used with incarcerated men and women at Golden Grove (N = 200). Primary objectives of this study were separated into four main categories: 1) examine the construct validity of Golden Grove's custody assessment tools; 2) investigate the predictive validity of Golden Grove's custody assessment tools across gender; 3) determine reliability and assess to what extent the primary classification officer's decisions have higher predictive validity than the actuarial tool; and 4) investigate the relationship between items on the needs assessment form and level of custody (minimum, medium, or maximum). Results were mixed but generally indicated weak reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. Contrary to most research on gender and classification, a significant correlation between the initial custody score for incarcerated females and disciplinary reports (r = .26, n = 56, p < .05) indicated the initial custody tool predicted misconduct for maximum custody females better than for males. The mean number of disciplinary reports for maximum women (M = 1.12) was significantly higher compared to maximum men (M = .46). The classification officer overrode the instrument at a high rate for both the initial assessment instrument (44%) and the reassessment instrument (36.4%) rendering the objective assessment overly subjective. Overall, findings show the classification system at Golden Grove is not functioning as intended and improvements are recommended.
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Murteza, Noor Danielle. "Designer Fractal Patterns: Ecological Validity and the Psychological Wellbeing Effect of Fractal Patterns in Interior Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159422878465947.
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Wallace-Pascoe, Dawn Marie. "Assessing the Validity of a Measure of the Culture of Evidence at Two-Year Colleges." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373305560.
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Thacker, Brandon K. "A Methodological Analysis of Research into the Effect of Professional Learning Community on Student Academic Achievement." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6442.
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This study analyzed all published research articles examining the relationship between professional community efforts (plc) (used here as a broader category than, but inclusive of, Professional Learning Communities or PLCs) and student academic achievement (SAA) that reported primary research findings published before January 1, 2015. This study specifically identified primary, quantitative studies of SAA that in context are plc, but which may or may not be labeled as such, that were published before January 1, 2015. Analyses examined how many studies of plc and SAA were of a descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, quasi-experimental,or experimental design type, evaluated the internal validity of their findings, and assessed the generalizability of each study based on normative expectations of implementation and study design type. Each of the 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated using a Design and Quality of Implementation Matrix. Findings indicated that none of 57 primary research efforts examining plc and SAA exhibited acceptable levels of generalizability. For articles demonstrating high design and implementation scores, threats to external validity are presented and discussed. Recommendations are provided for improving the generalizability of research in plc.
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Morrison, Edward R. "Improving the ecological validity of attractiveness research : the role of movement in facial attractiveness and the context of mate-choice decisions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505767.
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Evolutionary theories of attractiveness have been very successful at explaining what physical traits are attractive in the human face and why we should be attracted to them. However, the ecological validity of much of the research is limited because of the static nature of the stimuli used and the lack of consideration of the context in which attractiveness ratings or mating decisions are made.
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Moss, Carol Ann. "Colorectal cancer screening in the Iowa Research Network (IRENE): a validity assessment of patient self-report of up-to-date status." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1489.
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Patient self-report of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains a critical source of information in determining adherence to recommended guidelines. Accurate assessment is important for clinical decision-making, quality assurance and research. Population subgroup differences can affect self-report accuracy. Studies relying on patient self-report benefit from assessing validity and attempting to quantify measurement error and bias. This study assessed self-reported CRC screening data accuracy - estimating overall and test-specific adherence using four common validity measures (sensitivity, specificity, concordance, and report-to-records ratio [R2R]) - and evaluated associations between predictor variables and accuracy that might explain variation in estimates.
1,399 patients aged 51-80 years from 16 family medicine offices in the Iowa Research Network (IRENE), a practice-based research network (PBRN), completed an investigator-developed questionnaire and had medical records (MRs) available. Comparison of self-report of up-to-date screening with test documentation in the MR was used to estimate validity; multivariable analysis assessed predictors of concordance, or agreement between self-report and test documentation in the MR, for colonoscopy (CSPY). Predictor variables included patient characteristics (age, gender, education, income, insurance status, family
history of CRC and IRENE office), healthcare utilization practices (recency of last visit to office and duration of patient status in office) and patient rural-urban residence classified according to a four-category Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) coding scheme.
Sixty percent of patients reported they were up-to-date with CRC screening by any test, while 48% had screening documented in the MR (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.73, concordance 0.83 and R2R 1.24). Nearly all documentation was for CSPY (sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.76, concordance 0.84 and R2R 1.21). Education, insurance source, CRC family history and patient duration in office, when adjusted for all other variables in the final model, were significant (p < 0.05) predictors of concordance. Age modified a significant association with concordance for patient rural-urban residence (p = 0.03) and for recency of last visit (p = 0.04).
Self-reported CRC screening validity was generally acceptable, but overreporting was prevalent across all tests. MR documentation of CRC screening was almost exclusively based on CSPY. Concordance between self-reported CSPY and the MR was good but varied with patient characteristics, healthcare utilization practices and rural-urban residence.
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Lanier, Madison Kathryn. "Much Ado About Immersion: Power, Reported Results, and the Validity of Research on the Psychology of Virtual Reality and Immersive Simulations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83778.
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Virtual reality (VR) technology has permeated consumer culture in recent years, consequentially inspiring a hotbed of interdisciplinary academic VR research to better understand its effects as a medium. It has become a popular subject of study in fields as varied as engineering, computer science, communication, and psychology. The present study evaluates methodological trends in behavioral research on VR in terms of best practices regarding data collection, reporting, and availability. A meta-scientific content analysis of 61 articles focused on power, p-values, reporting errors, and transparency of data, all of which respectively represent four stages of research: data collection, analysis, reporting, and sharing. The findings from 1,122 statistical tests show that there is room for improvement in much behavioral research on VR in terms of methodological trends regarding number of participants, reporting of results, and data availability. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn about the presence of p-hacking or other questionable research practices (QRPs), the present study demonstrates that chronically small sample sizes, instances of errors in reporting, and a lack of transparent supplemental data are evident. The trends observed are broad, yet informative, and further research in this area is crucial. Methodological recommendations are made for future research dealing with VR applications, particularly given the potential social and cultural impact of the technology.Master of Arts
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Heinrich, D. P. "The 'chain of evidence' : a critical appraisal of the applicability and validity of forensic research and the utility of forensic evidence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1473198/.
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In the past ten years the scientific basis of forensic science has been challenged, its reliability and validity in court contested and commercialisation of forensic provision introduced in England and Wales. In light of this there is the need for increased research into establishing a sound body of knowledge for forensic science, which supports the requirements of its end- users. This requires an increase in resources for forensic research, as well as evidence-based direction that is centred on the use of forensic evidence by law enforcement. This thesis explored the applicability and reliability of forensic research and investigated the impact forensic evidence has in court. By means of a case study, experimental findings regarding the effects of fire on sharp force trauma in bone highlighted the prevalence of assumptions made in forensic research. The results demonstrated the need to ensure that experimental studies within the forensic domain incorporate ‘forensic reality’ into experimental design in order to ensure findings are applicable to casework. The role of experimental research within the forensic sciences is crucial; however, frameworks must be created to enable research to be undertaken in collaboration with end-users to ensure results are applicable and implementable. Subsequently, using a mixed-methods approach, 115 homicide cases in London were analysed to assess the efficacy of forensic evidence in court. Medical evidence, CCTV, voice recognition and defence witnesses had the greatest effect on the adjudication of these cases. The findings provide law enforcement with empirical evidence of which types of evidence are most prevalent and have the greatest impact in a criminal trial. Understanding the utility of forensic evidence also provides support to forensic researchers and policy makers for directing research and resources. By conducting research that analyses both forensic research and evidence, this thesis demonstrates the benefits of a unified approach to forensic science.
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Samples, Agnes Mary Banks. "Validity of Self-Reported Data on Seat Belt Use: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0315104-172201/unrestricted/SamplesA032604f.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0315104-172201. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Constantinescu, Alexandra Caterina. "Importance of selecting research stimuli : a comparative study of the properties, structure and validity of both standard and novel emotion elicitation techniques." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31397.
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The principal aim of this doctoral research has been to investigate whether various popular methods of emotion elicitation perform differently in terms of self-reported participant affect - and if so, whether any of them is better able to mimic real-life emotional situations. A secondary goal has been to understand how continuous affect can be classified into discrete categories - whether by using clustering algorithms, or resorting to human participants for creating the classifications. A variety of research directions subserved these main goals: firstly, developing data-driven strategies for selecting 'appropriate' stimuli, and matching them across various stimulus modalities (i.e., words, sounds, images,films and virtual environments / VEs); secondly, comparing the chosen modalities on various self-report measures (with VEs assessed both with and without a head-mounted display / HMD); thirdly, comparing how humans classify emotional information vs. a clustering algorithm; and finally, comparing all five lab-based stimulus modalities to emotional data collected via an experience sampling phone app. Findings / outputs discussed will include a matched database of stimuli geared towards lab use, how the choice of stimulus modality may affect research results, the links (or discrepancies) between human and machine classification of emotional information, as well as range restriction affecting lab stimuli relative to `real-life' emotional phenomena.
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Heuvelman, Hein Hendrik Pieter. "Ethnicity and psychosis : an investigation of the validity of psychosis screening instruments in the context of cross-cultural population-based survey research." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnicity-and-psychosis--an-investigation-of-the-validity-of-psychosis-screening-instruments-in-the-context-of-crosscultural-populationbased-survey-research(1019c614-3576-4e4b-8487-41a3470c8371).html.
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Population-based evidence suggests that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms varies with ethnicity. However, the validity of these self-reported experiences, both as measures of psychotic symptoms per se and as measures of ethnic variation in risk for reporting these symptoms, is questionable. Cultural background and social position may affect the experience and expression of symptoms, which may in turn affect their measurement in survey research. This thesis explores these issues by assessing the psychometric properties of psychosis screening instruments as measures of ethnic differences in psychosis risk in two contexts, Great Britain and the United States. Following this, differences in risk for reporting psychotic symptoms were examined in the context of the varying social and economic conditions to which different ethnic groups and migrant generations are exposed. This was accomplished in the following way: Firstly, the prevalence of self-reported psychotic symptoms was examined across ethnic and generational groups in two large samples of British and American populations; Secondly, the construct validity of the instruments was assessed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of response to their symptom indicators. The concurrent validity of the symptoms with measures of self-perceived cognitive and social dysfunction was then examined in a structural equation modeling framework; Thirdly, the cross-ethnic and cross-generational validity of response to these screening instruments was assessed in a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis framework in which in which the psychometric characteristics of the instruments were compared; And finally, ethnic and generational differences in risk for reporting psychotic symptoms were examined in the context of differential exposure to racial discrimination. Both instruments had construct validity in their measurement of psychotic symptoms, with the exception of one item in the British instrument, as well as concurrent validity with measures of self-perceived cognitive or social dysfunction. The British instrument performed adequately in the measurement of psychotic symptoms across ethnic groups, but did not across migrant generations. The American instrument performed adequately in the measurement of psychotic symptoms across generations, but not across ethnic groups. The effect of measurement noninvariance on the estimation of risk across groups was, however, modest in size. Finally, there was evidence for risk of reporting psychotic symptoms being raised among those who were exposed to racial discrimination. These findings suggest that these self-reported psychotic symptoms constitute clinically relevant phenomena which appear phenotypically similar to the clinical symptoms in diagnosed psychotic disorder. Risk is distributed unevenly over ethnic groups in Britain and the US, is higher among minorities who were exposed to social adversity, and higher among the second generation (in most cases). These patterns are, therefore, highly suggestive of social causation in the aetiology of these self-reported symptoms.
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Slack, Patricia. "A Situational Assessment of Student Leadership: An Evaluation of Alternate Forms Reliability and Convergent Validity." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/172.
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The Situational Assessment of Leadership: Student Assessment (SALSA©) was developed in the spring of 2009 to be used as a measure of student leadership. Study 1 assessed alternate forms reliability of the SALSA using scores from 178 students. The overall scores on SALSA Form A and SALSA Form B showed a significant correlation (rAB = .906, p < .01). Dimension scores on the two forms ranged from rAB = .475 to rAB = .804. Study 2 evaluated the convergent validity between the SALSA and the Western Kentucky University Center for Leadership Excellence assessment center. SALSA scores as well as assessment scores from 53 students were analyzed. The overall scores on the SALSA and CLE assessment center had a significant yet moderate correlation (r = .513). Dimension correlations were significant but low, ranging from r = .310 to r = .392. The strong correlations in Study 1 indicate the two forms of the SALSA may be used as alternate measures such as in a pre and post-test of leadership. The convergent validities in Study 2 demonstrate that both the SALSA and assessment center may be used to assess leadership. However, the low convergent validities across dimensions indicate overall scores likely should be used rather than dimension scores.
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Peret, Trevor, and Loyd Lee Glenn. "Psychometrics of a Member Check Instrument for Credibility and Generalizability Assessments in Qualitative Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/533.
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The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an 8-item questionnaire instrument to support member checks in positivistic qualitative research. A sample of 1603 junior-level university nursing students (98.2% participation rate) a completed the questionnaire instrument which assessed how closely a written description of the lived experience of in-hospital training applied to their personal experience. The instrument had excellent psychometric properties, including high measurement reliability (α=0.94), strong concurrent validity (72.2%-77.4%), discriminant validity (p < 0.000001), a parametric score distribution with little kurtosis and no skew, and an average score (G score) was centered at midpoint of the scale (midpoint of 4 on a scale from 1 to 7). The experience match was at the level of “matches experience to high degree,” showing the transferability (generalizability) of the findings to the present sample. The instrument can be used to assess the credibility and transferability of findings from qualitative research, assist in finding negative cases, determine the degree of saturation and success of bracketing, and complement the constant comparative method. The instrument is recommended for general use in positivistic qualitative or naturalistic inquiry studies for any type of sample and any type of lived experience. This approach would magnify and empower the reach of the products of qualitative research.