Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vallée de la rivière (Québec)'
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Blanchet, Maude. "Paysage : un dialogue entre structure et représentations : caractérisation de la vallée de la rivière Saint-François." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68970.
Full textThe thesis explores a new research framework for landscape characterization in Quebec. The rural landscape is linked to the natural resources and anthropic structures that obtain and participate both in the formation of the establishment, in its material dimensions, and in the historical-cultural successions that have shaped it. Thus, the thesis explores two research approaches that stem from Italian research, suggesting that their combination fertilizes their relevance: the morphotypological approach - which describes, interprets and represents the forms of the territory in its successive iterations - and the historical-cultural approach - which decodes its genetic rules by considering aspects experienced by the populations. The observation of characters through these two lenses makes it possible to extract and analyze the process of formation and transformation of the territory, and ultimately to identify the permanence structures and inherited syntactic rules that are expressed in the landscape. To this effect, the notions of territorial structures, morphotypes and landscape figures allow a potentially new perspective and paves the way for the discipline of morphotypology in land-use planning research - particularly in the descriptive-historical and project fields. The knowledge of these landscape characters, along with that of the growth and decline rules and pressures of human establishments, make it possible to reveal, throughout the historic transformations of the territory, interpretations that can be projected. This knowledge allows for the elaboration of coherent projects, in continuity with history, local identity and the territory.
Sabourin, Mathieu. "Les squatters de la rivière Gatineau entre 1812 et 1870." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21551.
Full textVinet, Frédéric. "Géomorphologie, stratigraphie et évolution du niveau marin holocène d'une vallée soumise à des conditions macrotidales en régression forcée, région de Tasiujaq, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25059/25059.pdf.
Full textGuérard, Catherine. "Les glissements de terrain dans la vallée de la rivière Malbaie : le cas du grand glissement de Clermont, Charlevoix-Est, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29343/29343.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Jason. "Comparaisons des paysages forestiers préindustriels (1804 – 1864) et actuels (1982 – 2006) sur la base de la classification écologique dans la vallée de la rivière Gatineau, Québec, Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29362/29362.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Samuel. "Changements climatiques et interactions écologiques affectant le pergélisol et l'activité des coins de glace dans la vallée de la rivière Narsajuaq, Nunavik (Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66305.
Full textTo determine the direct impact of climate change on ice-wedge dynamics and the permafrost thermal regime, 16 study sites in the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) that were extensively studied for ice wedge between 1989 and 1991 were revisited between 2016 and 2018. Observations and measurements show that over the last 25 years, the ice wedges of the Narsajuaq river valley have experienced an unprecedented degradation of their upgrowth forms, resulting in a generalized deepening of their main stages due to the active layer reaching depths 1.2 to 3.4 times greater than in 1991. The thermal regime of the four main soil types identified (thin sandy peat, thick sandy peat, thick peat, fluvial sands) in the valley was modelled to reproduce permafrost temperature changes since 1990 and predict active layer thickness until 2100. In recent decades, ice wedges of all soil types have been active, cracking almost every year except in 2010, the warmest year on record. For the rest of the 21st century, simulations predict a complete cessation of soil cracking between 2020 and 2095 depending on the soil type, soil cracking threshold and the selected climate scenarios. However, based on the interannual variability of the climate in the region, it is very likely that ice wedges will stop cracking over the next 20-30 years. The active layer reached a record depth in 2010, then moved up with recent cooling. It is expected that the active layer will deepen sufficiently in the next few decades to cause widespread ice-wedge degradation, leaving only fossil ice-wedge roots deep in permafrost by the end of the century. This thesis also suggests a new approach to improve estimates of carbon stocks in Arctic permafrost based on image analysis of surface geology and landforms, as well as on the reconstitution of the geological history of Arctic permafrost landscapes. There is a strong connection between landscape features and surficial geology on the one hand, and carbon stocks as organic matter in soils on the other.
Baillargeon, Sébastien. "Analyse dendrogéomorphologique de glissements pelliculaire dans trois vallées glaciaires des Laurentides (Québec)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29946/29946.pdf.
Full textBêty, Isabelle. "Contexte paléoenvironnemental du peuplement de la région du détroit de Québec, au cours des périodes paléoindienne et archaïque ancienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23914.
Full textBoivin, Maxime. "Analyse par bilan ligneux de la dynamique des bois morts à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles dans une rivière semi-alluviale de région froide." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN006/document.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the dynamics of large wood in river by a multi-scale large wood budget approach in a semi-alluvial river of cold regions: the Saint-Jean River, Gaspé. The study of the spatial and temporal variability of the dynamics of large wood was carried out through a methodological approach combining four years of field and by analyzing historical documents. The rivers of the Gaspé Peninsula produce annually and carry large amounts of large wood. This production comes from the high specific power of rivers and by banks composed of noncohesive sediment and having a generally dense riparian forest tree. Until 2015, the Delta of the Saint-Jean River had several very large jams. These jams are put in place since the 1960s, they represent a unique opportunity to quantify and apply a wood budget and to identify key variables related to the dynamics of large wood at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Our results show that almost all large wood in river is produced by lateral migration and by the influence of the morphology. For the accumulations in the river corridor, two areas accumulate the majority of wood and these first results show a significant mobility, which can fluctuate substantially from year to year. In terms of mobility, video analysis of three different events showed that the intensity of the transport (number of large wood per minute) can be higher to ten times during an event with mechanical ice-breakup, compared to an open water.hydroclimatic event.Finally, we conducted an analysis by large wood budget and analysis of eco-hydromorphological trajectory over more than 50 years. We quantified each component (input, output and accumulated) of a large wood budget at multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the interannual scale or decadal, scale, the dynamics of large wood have periods when the input, storage and mobility of large wood differ according to eco-hydromorphological contexts. The eco-hydromorphological trajectory suggests an increase in river dynamics due to a significant change in the hydrology, resulting in higher production and mobility of large wood and increased in volumes accumulated in the corridor of the Saint-Jean River since the last decade
Marnezy, Alain. "L'Arc et sa vallée : anthropisation et géodynamique d'une rivière alpine dans son bassin versant." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10013.
Full textPrégent, André. "Sédimentologie de la basse vallée de la Gatineau, Québec." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5677.
Full textTremblay, Josuah. "Reconstruction paléoenvironnementale d'un méandre abandonné de la rivière L'Assomption, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67452.
Full textQuerrec, Lydia. "Reconstitution des environnements holocènes et historiques dans le cours inférieur de la rivière Saint-Charles, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29080/29080.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation documents the environmental history of Québec City, preceding and after the first European establishments in New France. Archaeological excavations at the Intendant Palace’s site, in Lower Town, has revealed an undisturbed sedimentary sequence and a section of a wooden palisade. This research is based on environmental and historical analyses and includes three sections. The first chapter describes a paleoecological reconstruction at two sites (Intendant’s Palace: PDI and Chateauguay: CHAT) located on the lower course of the Saint-Charles River, and dating as far back as the mid-Holocene up to the beginning of the European settlement of Quebec City. Geomorphological and macrofossil data along with a chronological framework established by using radiocarbon dating, suggest that the former river floodplain was influenced by two marine transgressions (Laurentian and Mitis). Macrofossil assemblages at the two sites indicate that the late-Holocene vegetation consisted of a mosaic of plant communities largely influenced by the local topography and proximity to the river bank. In the second chapter, we document the ecological and historical contexts of palisade construction at PDI. White cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) posts were used to erect this defensive structure, a species which was probably common in the site’s vicinity. Based on tree-ring data from archeological wood, we conclud that the palisade was quickly assembled in 1690 and 1691, for protection against enemy attacks. A long regional tree-ring chronology for white cedar, called the Saint-Laurent chronology (1489-2001), was constructed from the posts analysed. In the third chapter, we synthesize historical data in order to identify the environmental perceptions of the first european occupants of the Quebec City region and, to a broader scale, of New France. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Europeans experienced their new environment often through contacts with indigenous populations. Human settlement was possible through human adaptation to this new territory with the aim of exploiting its resources. Discovery of New France reflects the learned society’s passion for sciences and a sensitivity to nature.
St-Amour, Francis. "Dynamique hydrogéomorphologique des milieux riverains de la rivière Boniface, Québec subarctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30743/30743.pdf.
Full textGaspar, Neto Pascoal. "Les Relations nappe-rivière en milieu urbain : Application à la vallée de la Meurthe à Nancy." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10381.
Full textDu, Mingxuan. "Modélisation intégrée des écoulements souterrains et des échanges nappe-rivière dans la basse vallée du Var." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4107/document.
Full textGroundwater modeling with deterministic model is a complicated process, especially in complex aquiferswhere the quantity and the quality of the measuted data arc not satisfying. The unconfined alluvialaquifet is the main water resource in the lower valley of Vat river, Ftench Riviera, but it faces a thteat ofshortage and pollution. Despite numerous previous studies, the dynamics of the gtoundwater flow in thealluvial aquifer and the characteristics of the rivet-aquifer exchanges ¿re s':ll partially unknown.Therefore the local u/ater management service requires a decision support system PSS) based onnumerical models to ensure a better groundwater management. A hydraulic model is set up withFEFLO!ø software by considedng ptecþitation, evâpotranspiration, gtoundwatet exftacdon and rivetaquiferexchanges. The non-documented groundwater exttaction fot agticultural use and the transferrates in the dverbed along the river have been calibtated. The model has been validated with asimulation of 7266 days. The model is applied to simulate the scenarios of flood and drought events, thepollution events in the unconfined aquifer in the valley and the seawater inrusion in the estuary of Yarriver. These case studies contributes to increase the knowledge of the aquifet. A fust conception of theDSS tool is presented as the last example of model application. A coupling interface is developed thanksto aJava which enables an automatic exchange of data between the groundwater flow model and thesurface wâter flow model built with MII(E2ltr}'/. More tests should be done to validate the couplinginterface
Boutet, Guillaume. "Le changement de forme des berges de la rivière Saint-Charles à Québec : l'explication de l'approche culturelle de la géographie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23913/23913.pdf.
Full textCharpentier, Alain. "Sylvain Rivière, écrivain régionaliste contemporain." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82694.
Full textMartin, Julie. "Rivière-du-Loup et son espace au 19e siècle : du village linéaire à la ville industrielle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20986.
Full textFrenette, Arielle. "Du gaspillage au joyau : patrimonialisation de la rivière Nastapoka, Nunavik (1990-2015)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37729.
Full textToday, researchers widely consider Northern Quebec as being a “territory of representations” built by a series of sometimes contradictory discourses. Territorial representation is defined as the meaning given to a territory or landscape by society. Studying representations in geography is thus a significant approach in the current context in which Quebec's northern territories (Nunavik) are increasingly targeted by development. What territorial representations underlie the protection of natural areas in Nunavik? This research project is based on a case study of the inclusion of the Nastapoka River watershed within the boundaries of Tursujuq National Park. We use the concept of heritage to document representations of the northern territory. Indeed, by defining heritage as an object recognized by society as having a value worth preserving, natural heritage can be understood as a form of territorial representation. Through this case study, we seek to answer the following question: can (and how, if at all) a representation of the territory influence heritage construction processes? We proceed through discourse analysis to characterize, from a critical perspective, the Nastapoka River heritage construction process from 1990 to 2015. We identified three main groups of stakeholders participating in the debates, namely the local population (Umiujaq), the Quebec government, as well as scientific and environmental groups. Results suggest that the Nastapoka River area is represented by the residents of Umiujaq as essential to the practice of a traditional way of life, while scientific and environmental groups view this territory as a vulnerable ecosystem. Finally, the various plans proposed by the Government of Quebec demonstrate that protected areas are understood by the state planners as a compensation for resource development.
Lemieux, Josée. "Les enjeux socio-environnementaux de la gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant au Québec : le cas de la rivière Boyer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66565.
Full textWater management changed significantly in the province of Quebec since the early 2000s. The progressive implementation of integrated watershed management (IWM) in Quebec allowed for the transition from a sectoral management to an integrated management of the resource, which is based on the coordination of stakeholders carried out by watershed organizations. The Boyer River watershed is a 217 km² agricultural watershed located in the RCM of Bellechasse, Quebec. The Boyer River is an interesting case for researchers interested in the effects of agriculture on the quality of surface waters. There are many governmental reports on the dramatic deterioration of water quality and the disappearance of certain species from the river following the development of intensive agriculture in the Boyer watershed. Several measures have been put in place at different scales of intervention to restore the Boyer River water quality, like the enforcement of legislative tools to ensure a sustainable development of the agriculture and the decentralisation of water quality management, for instance. However, in spite of the application of the previously mentioned measures, the Boyer River water quality remains bad at this time. That led us to wonder whether the IWM in Quebec provides for the application of the sustainable development principles and adequate monitoring of the situation of the watershed organizations. More specifically, we aimed to identify what stops the application of an effective IWM in the Boyer River watershed. We conducted 44 interviews with various water stakeholders at the provincial and local scales and we analysed the content of the interviews using qualitative analysis. Our results tend to show that the effects of power decentralization related to water quality management are currently not sufficiently monitored and that most of the sustainable development principles we studied are not adequately applied at the moment through the IWM in Quebec. The social and environmental challenges that we have discovered show that reaching a balance between the economy and the protection of the environment is a difficult task in rural areas. There is a lack of institutional support to the IWM as well as the watershed organizations to ensure a proper protection of water quality, which results in a low perception of the value of the river by the residents of the watershed. As a consequence, the implementation of several sustainable development principles is deficient in the Boyer river watershed.
Boucher, Étienne. "Analyse hydro-climatique et géomorphologique des déglacements mécaniques de la rivière Necopastic au Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25534/25534.pdf.
Full textCampeau, Allen. "Remotely-sensed changes in the primary productivity of migratory caribou calving grounds and summer pasture : the mixed influences of climate change and caribou herbivory." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27199.
Full textThis thesis used remote sensing to examine how changes in caribou abundance can impact forage availability, and how these changes might in turn affect the population dynamics and space use patterns of migratory caribou. We investigated these relationships for the Rivière-George caribou herd (RGH) and its calving grounds and summer range in Northern Quebec and Labrador (Canada) from 1991-2011. We modelled the relationships between primary productivity and various climatic variables, allowing us to isolate the effects of non-climatic factors, such as caribou herbivory, on primary productivity. We found a negative relationship between caribou density and primary productivity at the range-scale, suggesting that caribou herbivory can reduce forage abundance and contribute to habitat degradation. However, a strong warming trend over the study period, coupled with a decline in RGH population size, meant that we observed a trend towards higher primary productivity. This greening trend may represent vegetation recovery following the reduction in caribou herbivory and/or an effect of climate warming.
L'Hérault, Emmanuel. "Contexte climatique critique favorable au déclenchement de ruptures de mollisol dans la vallée de Salluit, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26580/26580.pdf.
Full textPelletier, Pierre-Marc. "Évaluation de la vulnérabilité de la prise d'eau sous-fluviale de la rivière Montmorency - Secteur des îlets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28950/28950.pdf.
Full textRoy-Gosselin, Philippe-Hubert. "Gestion des débits au barrage Samson." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29224/29224.pdf.
Full textPelletier, Luc. "Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes of three peatlands in the La Grande Rivière watershed, James Bay lowland, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98765.
Full textAverage CH4 fluxes for the different biotypes on vegetated surfaces sampled during summer 2003 ranged from 3.5 to 197 mg m-2 d-1 while summer 2004 average floating chamber pool fluxes ranged between 6.2 and 3165 mg CH4 m-2 d -1. Mean daily CH4 fluxes on vegetated surface are strongly correlated (r2 > 0.75) with summer average water table depth, greater fluxes occurring where water table is close to the surface. The vegetated surface CH4 fluxes were also correlated with peat temperature as fluxes increase with increasing peat temperature during the summer.
Most net ecosystem productivity values calculated for the different biotypes in the three peatlands showed release of CO2 during both early and mid growing season periods. An annual budget calculated for the LG2 peatland showed that the peatland emitted CO2 to the atmosphere at a rate of 0.77 g m-2 d-1. The overall release of CO 2 may have been caused in part by dry conditions in the peatlands during summer 2003, due to high temperature and low precipitation.
Gingras, Mathieu. "Le rôle des représentations dans les projets de mise en valeur des rivières du Québec : les enjeux de l'implantation de la filière de la petite production hydroélectrique sur la rivière Batiscan." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24714/24714.pdf.
Full textAt the beginning of 1990s, to meet objectives of regional development and maximization of the hydroelectric production, the government of Quebec adopted energy policies aiming to retrofit and construct small power stations by independent producers. To ensure their profitability, small power stations must be built close to existent energy transport networks and consumption places. Moreover, they are often located where the rivers are banked or present important falls. These sites are situated near or in the heart of inhabited and attended places, notably for recreotouristic purposes. Furthermore, these falls and landscapes are symbols of identity and have territorial significance for the local communities. This situation inevitably generated river-use conflicts where many perceptions of the management and the development of the rivers are in opposition. To make an in-depth analysis of this problem, we made a case study concerning the Batiscan river (Mauricie), where promoters considered the construction of three small hydroelectric power stations (1987-1990). Using 15 semi-directed talks and through a review of five daily newspapers (1990-2007), we analyzed the speech of the actors, in order to understand the strategic role and the evolution of the territorial representations of those concerned with the projects of small hydroelectric power stations. This study shows that the promoters of the small hydroelectric power stations perceive this type of development of the river as being a type of regional development which would make it possible to generate substantial economic repercussions for host territories. On the other hand, the opponents, gathered within citizen committees to obtain the abandonment of the projects. Their speech conveys the representation that the realization of the hydroelectric power stations on the Batiscan river goes against the concept of common good and would undermine the landscape, the environmental integrity of the river and the recreotouristic development of the area. By a process of collective reappropriation and valorization of the elements of the territory having a strong patrimonial and identity value, those sought to work out and implement alternative projects which would make it possible to counter the projects of small hydroelectric power stations and to guarantee the protection of the inherent characteristics of the river.
Bernier, Jean-François. "Géoarchéologie de la Rivière aux ossements (Saunitarlik), Kangiqsujuaq (Nunavik, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25401.
Full textWien, William Thomas. "Peasant accumulation in a context of colonization : Rivière-du-Sud, Canada, 1720-1775." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75847.
Full textDoyon, Jean-François. "Life history and bioenergetics of the brook trout of rivière au Saumon, northern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59628.
Full textComparison between anadromous and freshwater trout showed very little difference in mean length at age, age at maturity, egg size and fecundity between the two groups. However, examination of energetic parameters indicated that sea run brook trout had a greater increase in condition factor during the summer than the freshwater residents. This raise in condition factor is accompanied by a decrease in water content and a lower water content in the eggs of anadromous fish. These results indicate that benefits associated with anadromous migrations in brook trout reside in the seasonal pattern of energy storage, which is important for the recovery from energy expenditure associated with spawning and overwintering.
Lavoie, Caroline. "Formation et évolution d'un delta sur une côte en émersion, rivière Nastapoka, Québec subarctique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49104.pdf.
Full textZimmermann, Pierre. "Impacts écologiques des fluctuations du régime hydro-climatique de la rivière Saint-Charles, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48963.pdf.
Full textSénavon, Djigbodi. "La concomitance violence conjugale et maltraitance des enfants dans les familles immigrantes d'origine africaine : points de vue des mères d'immigration récente sur leurs expériences." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20280.
Full textBrassard, Alex. "Marchandisation du rural : le cas de Petite-Rivière-Saint-François dans la région de Charlevoix." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26545.
Full textThis thesis examines the socioeconomic and political impacts of a massive recreation tourism project on the territory and habitants of Petite-Rivière-Saint-François (PRSF), a rural municipality of 750 people located in the Charlevoix region, 100 km northeast of Quebec City. Since the early 2000s, PRSF has been at the heart of an important real estate development project engendering important investments in the municipality by Le Groupe le Massif, which hopes to make PRSF a world-renowned ski destination. This research is divided in two parts: the first aims to situate this phenomenon in its broader geohistorical context. In doing so, it is possible to see how the material conditions of a society determine the representations of its territory and, by doing so, influence its relations to space. The second part is a case study of PRSF that uses tools derived from geographical sciences to illustrate the different socioeconomic dynamics that underlie massive recreational tourism development in a rural municipality and the problem of “absentee landlordism” and loss of local control that has come to dominate life in contemporary PRSF.
Ouzilleau, Samson David. "Paléoécologie d'un complexe tourbeux surmontant une terrasse située à l'embouchure de la rivière Guichaud, région de Salluit, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25220/25220.pdf.
Full textLemelin, Dany. "Évolution et caractérisatin des polygones de toundra de la région de la rivière Biscarat, Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20767.
Full textCyr, Sébastien. "Origine et dynamique des palses boisées de la région de la rivière Boniface, Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24703/24703.pdf.
Full textBisanswa, Donon. "Poussée de glaces en 2009 sur les barrages de la rivière St-Maurice." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27514/27514.pdf.
Full textVerrette, Michel. "L'alphabétisation au Québec 1660-1900." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29449.
Full textMovahedinia, Fatemeh. "Assessing hydro-climatic uncertainties on hydropower generation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25294.
Full textThis research quantifies the impact of hydrological and climatic uncertainties on hydropower generation in the Gatineau River basin. The proposed approach is based on climate simulations, hydrological modeling and optimization of reservoir operation. Hydrological results from this study confirm what other studies have shown, a more mixed hydrograph marked by earlier snow melting and greater flood volume, followed by drier summers than in the past. In terms of energy production, this translates into an expected increase in energy but also in a more variable production. This gain of energy mainly occurs in the late winter-early spring and follows the higher rainfall in the basin during the winter. Given the physical characteristics of the system (storage and turbine capacity), changes in the hydrological regime entail additional spills, mainly during snowmelt.
Foucry, Sophie. "La propriété seigneuriale dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIème siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18392.
Full textGraf, Tobias. "Physically-based assessment of intrinsic groundwater resource vulnerability." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26110.
Full textApproaches that rely on process-based models to assess groundwater vulnerability, as opposed to empirical relationships, have recently gained more attention as they have the potential to provide a general framework for all types of (re)source and stress relations. A comprehensive and sustainable management system is needed, based on integrated surface and groundwater models, for effective surface and groundwater protection on a scientific defensible basis. Using a process-based model, an approach to assess intrinsic groundwater vulnerability is proposed and demonstrated for the Saint-Charles River catchment, Québec. A fully integrated 2D surface and 3D groundwater flow model is implemented to simulate quasi steady-state flow in the catchment. Groundwater transit times, which represent an intrinsic system characteristic, are simulated with the flow model. They are then combined with future DPSIR (Driving forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) vulnerability scenarios to assess the system sensitivity. Climate change (decreasing precipitation) and land use change (urbanization) scenarios are simulated. Sensitivity coefficients are calculated for multiple state variables and form the basis for the system vulnerability prediction, with system threshold values of well-being. The scenarios are then compared with a MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) framework, which provides a common evaluation basis, accounting for quantitative (e.g. highly vulnerable catchment percentage) and non-quantitative (scenario relevance and probability) criteria. The MCDA ranks vulnerability and response investigation for the urbanization scenario with highest priority. When combined, the physical and generic framework-based vulnerability approaches represent a powerful tool for analyzing human- environmental interactions and impacts. An integrated surface and groundwater consideration is essential because the vulnerability is a function of the nature and origin of pressure (i.e. scenario specific) and the state variable chosen. Most system changes and impacts can be measured, analyzed and validated within a calibrated model for (quasi) steady-state conditions. The reliability of predicted system vulnerabilities is mainly subject to conceptual and parameter uncertainties and can suffer from the non-unique model calibration issues. Future work should focus on improving the combined approach by providing a clear guidance for the vulnerability evaluation with a threshold rating system which classifies the system damage state in space and time.
Das Hauptaugenmerk rezenter Ansätze zur Grundwasser vulnerabilitäts Kartierung liegt auf Prozessbasierten Modellen auf der Grundlage eines allgemein umfassenden, universellen Rahmenwerkes. Zunehmender Focus liegt dabei auf der Entwicklung eines nachhaltigen Management Systems mit integrierter Betrachtung von Oberflächen- und Untergrundwasser. Ein prozessbasierter Modell Ansatz zur Bestimmung der intrinsischen Grundwasser Vulnerabilität ist hier vorgestellt und dessen Anwendung für das Grundwassereinzugsgebietes des Saint-Charles River, Québec, demonstriert. Ein integriertes, hydrogeologisches 2D Oberflächen und 3D Untergrund Modell wurde zu diesem Zweck erstellt, und auf dessen Basis das quasi stationäre Strömungsregimes des ausgewählten Einzugsgebietes simuliert. Grundwasser Verweilzeiten, als intrinsische System Charakteristik, sind mithilfe des Strömungsmodells berechnet. In Verbindung mit prognostischen DPSIR (Driving forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) Vulnerabilität Szenarien dienen diese zur Berechnung der räumlichen Verteilung der System Sensitivitätskoeffizienten. Als Szenarien sind klimatischer Wandel (Niederschlagsabnahme) und landnutzungs Änderungen (Urbanisierung) betrachtet. Die Berechnung der Sensitivitätskoeffizienten beruht dabei auf verschiedenen System Zustandsvariablen und dient als Grundlage für die darauf aufbauenden, Grenzwert abhängigen Vulnerabilitätskoeffizienten. Ein Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Vulnerabilität Szenarien auf der Grundlage einer gemeinsamen Bewertungsbasis und unter Einbeziehung von quantitativen (z.B. prozentuale Verteilung der Einzugsgebiet Vulnerabilität) sowie nicht-quantitativen (z.B. Szenario Relevanz und Wahrscheinlichkeit) Kriterien ist mithilfe einer Multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse (MCDA) erreicht. Das Urbanisierung Szenario ist dabei als Priorität bezüglich der Vulnerabilitätsbewertung sowie der Notwendigkeit weiterer (Gegenmaßnahmen) Untersuchungen eingestuft.Der kombinierte Ansatz eines physikalisch basierten Models auf der Grundlage eines allgemeinen Rahmenwerkes zeigt großes Potential für die Analyse und Interpretation von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mensch und Umwelt. Eine integrierte Betrachtung von Oberflächen und Grundwasser erweist sich dabei als Essentiell, da die System Vulnerabilität sowohl von den betrachteten System Zustandsvariablen, als auch vom Szenario spezifischen Ursprung und der Art des betrachteten System Stresses abhängt. Die meisten Szenario abhängigen Systemänderungen innerhalb eines hydrogeologischen Systems können dabei auf der Grundlage eines kalibrierten, (quasi) stationären Models gemessen, analysiert und verifiziert werden. Die Verlässlichkeit der prognostizierten System Vulnerabilitäten ist dabei wesentlich bestimmt durch Faktoren wie dem Model Konzept und Parameter Ungewissheiten, sowie der Model Kalibrierung. Focus zukünftiger Arbeiten sollte auf der Verbesserung des vorgestellten kombinierten Ansatzes liegen, unter Einbeziehung eines Grenzwert Kataloges zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Definition des Systemzustandes.
Rompillon, Samantha. "Portrait et itinéraires de l'immigrant dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24333.
Full textGirard, Médéric. "Observation et modélisation de l'évaporation d'une rivière en milieu boréal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66317.
Full textThe objective of this study was to develop a river evaporation model for the boreal biome. A hydrometeorological station was installed on the bank of the Natashquan river to collect environmental data. The Natashquan river is major hydrographic component of the region with its 15 930 km2 watershed and its 349 m3/s mean annual flow. This powerful watercourse is one of the only remaining significant river that has not yet been dammed in the Côte-Nord region. Five intensive field campaigns were carried out targeting different conditions during the summers of 2018 and 2019. River water evaporation was observed using the floating minipan method. This method, inspired by the process behind the class A evaporation pan, allows small portable evaporation pans to be deployed on the water surface and to monitor in-situ evaporation in more holistic conditions. Observations were used to calibrate the wind function of a mass-transfer evaporation model and compare it with different wind functions taken from the literature. A stacked neural network was selected as the river model based on a higher performance compared to the mass transfer approach. The input variables of the network are the saturation vapour pressure, the incoming longwave radiation, the wind speed and the vapour pressure of the above air. The model allows a nonlinear combination of the selected environmental variables that is not accessible to the mass transfer equations. Therefore, the present study highlights the evident lack of research concerning fluvial evaporation in the context of rivers of considerable size, particularly in the boreal biome.
Taillon, Joëlle. "Condition physique, allocation maternelle et utilisation spatio-temporelle des aires de mise bas du caribou migrateur, rangifer tarandus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29639/29639.pdf.
Full textCochand, Fabien. "Impact des changements climatiques et du développement urbain sur les ressources en eaux du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Charles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25465.
Full textThe main part (57%) of Quebec City drinking water comes from the Saint-Charles River watershed. Most of this water is pumped directly from the river but a significant volume of groundwater is also supplied from municipal and private wells in bedrock and granular aquifers. The anticipated climate change and the probable urban area development of Quebec City could have an important impact on these water resources. To assess and quantify the impact of climate change and urban development on water resources of the Saint-Charles River watershed, a 3D numerical model was developed. This numerical model simulates surface water and groundwater flow dynamics for the catchment, using the physically-based, fully integrated, variably-saturated 3-D surface-subsurface simulator HydroGeoSphere (HGS). The first step of the methodology was to build and calibrate the model under current climate conditions (1971-2000). The second step was to identify climate projections from general circulation models (GCMs) with different emission scenarios and to downscale their output (with the “delta change” method) to the catchment scale, as well as to propose urbanisation scenarios. Using the calibrated model as a starting point, the output of the GCMs and urbanisation scenarios were then used as boundary conditions in the numerical model for predictive simulations. Results show that, compared to current conditions, the amount of water (snowmelt water and rainfall) could be about 4 to 7 times greater during warmer winters, according to different emission scenarios, and evapotranspiration could increase by about 15 % to 25 % during warmer summers. These changes could increase winter stream flows by a factor of 2 to 3, and lead to earlier occurrence of snowmelt floods during springs, (by 10 to 30 days), and a reduction of 10 % to 25 % of summer stream flows. In winter, hydraulic heads would dramatically increase, by more than 15 m, mainly in the high-elevation areas and, in summer, hydraulic heads would decrease in the high-elevation areas as well as in the low-elevation areas for the granular aquifers. The simulated effects of urban development on hydraulic heads and stream flows are lower than those induced by climate change. The main effect of planned urban development is an increase (max +0.6 m3/s) of monthly mean stream flow during winter.
Denis, Marie-Pier. "Expansion des arbustes et pollen : étude palynologique des sédiments lacustres récents de la région de la rivière Boniface, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29964/29964.pdf.
Full textDuchesne, Mathieu. "Sédimentologie de dépôts quaternaires graveleux dans le bassin versant de la rivière Chicoutimi à Laterrière, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61998.pdf.
Full textAubry, Lauriane. "Analyse des impacts du barrage de Rawdon sur l'évolution hydromorphologique de la rivière Ouareau (Québec, Canada)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4410/1/030308869.pdf.
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