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McParland, Clare. "European investment valuation practices and implications for the harmonisation of valuation standards." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342318.
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Brumovský, Martin. "STANDARDIZACE A HARMONIZACE ZNALECKÉHO POSTUPU PŘI ZJIŠTĚNÍ OBVYKLÉ CENY NEMOVITOSTI." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234300.
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In the current context of globalisation and development of international investment market along with increasing influence of European Union legislation and activities of professional organisations, there is an urgent need for standardisation and harmonisation of not only valuation procedures but also individual terms, definitions, approaches, methods and requirements for the qualification of valuers. This takes on special importance particularly in the field of real property valuation and market value („the usual price“ according to Czech law) assessment. At present there are three large international organisations contributing significantly to the development of this process through the development of their standards. The main objective of this thesis is standardisation and harmonisation of expert valuation procedure in establishing real property market value (the usual price), particularly in view of international valuation standards, namely IVS, EVS and the Red Book. To achieve this main goal it was necessary to clarify at first several related issues, as proper understanding of the background and context in particular is always an indispensable basis for successful harmonization process. The result of this work is thus both the design of a standard and harmonised procedure carried out by a qualified valuer in establishing the market value (the usual price), and the clarification of related issues, terms, definitions, methods and valuation approaches used in the Czech Republic and abroad, as well as the requirements imposed on the resulting report, etc.. The knowledge and information from this work will thus contribute to the development of the field of forensic engineering both in terms of theory, practice and teaching.
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Bewley, Kathryn Anne. "The economic consequences of financial reporting standards, the market valuation of environmental liabilities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/NQ38222.pdf.
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Doležalová, Lucie. "Nedostatky ve znaleckých posudcích s doporučením na jejich odstranění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77861.
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The content of this work is the analysis of expert opinions on the valuation of the business or its parts in several respects. In the introduction it is mentioned adjustment of valuation by Czech methodology ZNAL, International Valuation Standards IVS and European Valuation Standards EVS. Furthermore, it is carried out the comparison of these methodologies, including the German Standard IDW S1, according to some criteria. The analytical section is dedicated to the analysis of expert opinions, to assess their level of processing, and to point out some weaknesses or strengths. The conclusion is a quantitative summary of the results of analysis of expertise, as well as pointing out the most common shortcomings and proposals for their elimination.
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Jachan, Tomáš. "Analýza požadavků oceňovacích standardů RICS a jejich aplikace v posudku o ocenění majetku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232531.
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This diploma thesis is about the valuation of property, it is focused to requirements of international valuation standards RICS. The motivation of this thesis is popularization of using RICS standards in Czech Republic. These standards have not been translated to Czech language yet. Requirements of these standards are dispersed to many chapters in these standards. The aim of this thesis is analysis of RICS standards and their implication to valuation report according to Czech law. Analysis is made with structured approach with using systematic concept. Analysis refers to valuer, valuation process and valuation report. These objects are structured again. The results are implicated to valuation report according to Czech law and compliance to RICS standards too.
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Čibera, Roman. "Privátní a veřejná zdravotnická zařízení a jejich ocenění v podmínkách ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15697.
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This text considers a possibilities of using business valuation methods in an evaluation of the private and public health care institutions in the Czech Republic. It tries to explain the specifics associated with the functioning of health care institutions and their influence on the choice of the valuation standards, valuation methodology and the selection of the final method of valuation. The first part describes health care institutions and their operation in the health care market. Other parts deal with the possibilities of the evaluation separately for private and public health care institutions. Differences are summarized in the conclusion.
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Hlásková, Michaela. "Analýza požadavků oceňovacích standardů IVS a jejich aplikace v posudku o ocenění majetku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232532.
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The motivation to this master`s thesis is an increasing demand on evaluation of expertise report in conformity with requirements of internationally accepted standards as well as with national legal regulations. This master`s thesis is focused on defining of requirements of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The objective of the introductory study of this thesis is an effort to provide overview of the structure, the history and development of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The introductory study points out that the IVS standard is not stationary one, but shows the importance to keep the continuous track and analyze other possible information sources in connection to it. The main objective is to analyze the principal requirements of International Valuation Standards for expert as a person, expertise activity and required features of expertise report. The gained information is processed on the base of an expertise system approach, where the expertise is interpreted as a structured object with principal features: expertise object, expertise problem, expertise activity, expertise report and expert. Established findings are then analyzed regarding to such interpreted system approach of expertise and applied in the determination of type of approach which an expert should follow in the procedure of making out an expertise report of property valuation. Finally, an example expertise report for valuation of real estate is compiled. Such expertise report could be considered in conformity with national legal regulation as well as with requirements of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The expertise report is a practical example of findings of this master`s thesis.
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Elzahar, Hany. "Determinants and consequences of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) reporting by UK non-financial firms." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19767.
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The study examines the level of quantity and quality of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) reporting for a sample of FTSE 350 UK listed companies over the period (2006-2010). Furthermore, it identifies the determinants of KPIs reporting and investigates its impact upon firm value. Based upon the guidance of the best practice recommended by the Accounting Standard Board (2006), the study develops a measure of disclosure quality by considering the main qualitative attributes of information which, arguably, makes KPIs information more useful to stakeholders. The distinction between disclosure quantity and quality in the study enables the researcher to get greater insights into the drivers and implications of KPIs reporting quantity and quality. The study finds a variation between UK firms in the number of KPIs disclosed with a notable low level of reporting quality, especially for non-financial KPIs. It also finds that corporate governance mechanisms play an important role in improving KPIs reporting. In particular, it shows that directors’ compensations affect the quantity and quality of KPIs disclosure. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that quantity and quality of KPIs disclosure are not derived by the same factors, and both have different impacts on firm value. Whereas, the study finds a negative association between the numbers of KPIs disclosed and firm value, a non-significant relationship is reported between KPIs reporting quality and firm valuation. Overall, this study provides evidence that disclosure quantity is not a good proxy for disclosure quality.
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Prosserová, Kateřina. "Vykazování vybraných skupin aktiv podle IFRS, US GAAP a české účetní legislativy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417353.
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The master´s thesis focuses on excluding certain asset groups by IFRS and czech accounting legislation. The target of the thesis is the charecteristics of assets, there dispence, awards, managment from the point of view of mentioned systems as described by the czech accounting legislation and international accounting standards. In the master´s thesis i compare systems and pointing out the mostsignificant differences in reporting and then application to the selected entity.
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Jelínková, Markéta. "Hodnocení vnitřních účetních směrnic obce Heřmanice a návrhy na jejich zlepšení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224258.
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The master‘s thesis is focused on the accounting for fixed assets of municipality. It defines the basic concepts necessary for understanding of this problem. In the first part, the methodology for recording fixed assets accounting and other financial operations associated with this property is presented. Attention is given to current methods of accounting for property that uses the entity. The thesis then identifies current state of accounting. It hopes to improve the quality adjustment and to update some internal guidelines.
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Horáková, Kateřina. "Vykazování stálých aktiv podle české účetní legislativy a IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383566.
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The theme of the diploma thesis is „Reporting of tangible fixed assets according to Czech accounting legislation and IFRS “. The goal is to characterize the tangible fixed assets, its amortization, valuation, acquisition from the point of view how it is characterized by Czech accounting legislation and International accounting standards. Part of the thesis is the comparison of individual systems and pointing to the most significant differences in reporting and application to the particular entity.
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Müllerová, Denisa. "Dlouhodobý hmotný majetek z pohledu české účetní legislativy a mezinárodních účetních standardů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240978.
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The thesis topic „Fixed Assets According to Czech Accounting Legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards“ is to characterize valuation, amortization, decrease the values, reserves and leasing with relation to tangible asset sunder the rules of Czech accounting legislation and International Financial Reporting Standarts, as well as carry out a comparison of the two systems by high lifting the key differences in reporting. The theoretical approach is used to show the differences in the reporting of fixed assets for a specific accounting unit keeping accounts according to Czech accounting legislation which is considering the possibility of preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.
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Střasák, Tomáš. "Vykazování vybraných skupin aktiv podle IFRS a české účetní legislativy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402049.
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The diploma thesis „Reporting of Selected Groups of Assets according to IFRS and Czech Accounting Legislation“ focuses on comparation of reporting of tangible fixed assets in various accounting systems. Thesis examines valuation, amortization and financial leasing. Also, thesis focuses on assessing the impact on financial statements and the impact on economic result.
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Filipe, Ana Paula Leal. "A Contabilidade no Sector da Promoção Imobiliária : Contributos Para a Sua Normalização." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4163.
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Mestrado em Gestão/MBAEste estudo faz uma breve caracterização e análise de algumas problemáticas contabilísticas no sector específico da promoção imobiliária em Portugal. A análise é feita mediante o enquadramento dos factos de acordo com legislação nacional e internacional. A caracterização do sector é feita com base numa amostra com informação recolhida a partir de um inquérito, observando-se então a prática das empresas em termos contabilísticos a nível nacional. Esta prática é posteriormente analisada e criticada em termos globais e comparativos. Por fim, com este suporte propõe-se determinados procedimentos, políticas contabilísticas em cada uma das situações analisadas tendo presente as respectivas vantagens e desvantagens.
This study characterizes and analyses some of the major issues on Real Estate accounting in Portugal. The analysis takes into consideration both national and international accounting standards. The characterization of the sector is based on a sample obtained from a questionary, according to this information the current practice in terms of national accounting policies are observed. These policies, are analised in a global and comparative perspective. Finally, based on the evidence we propose specific procedures and accounting policies for each of the issues analised, contempling their advantages and desadvantages.
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Valihrachová, Lea. "Rozdíly mezi českou účetní legislativou a mezinárodními účetními standardy u dlouhodobého majetku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374717.
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There is a significant number of differences between the Czech accounting legislation and the International Financial Reporting standards in the area of posting and presentation of non-current assets. These are eliminated by the process of harmonization within the European Union. Harmonization process shows clear advantages for the users of financial information; however, the process is still not fully completed. Continuous changes in accounting rules also bring to business a lot of complications and additional costs. The diploma thesis presents a comparison of both accounting conceptions; shows a discussion on their advantages and disadvantages and demonstrates the impact of different approaches to booking for non-current assets to the financial statements of a business entity.
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Langer, Petr. "Oceňování průmyslových nemovitostí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193404.
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The aim of this thesis is to explain the operation of the industrial market and the procedure for their valuation. The main objective is the comparison of Czech and international RICS standards and their practical application in the valuation of two concrete industrial estate. The first valuation is based on the Czech legislation and it is used the cost, comparative and DCF method together with the residual method. Valuation of the prime real estate valuation is based on international RICS standards are it is applied Hardcore & Layer and Term & Reversion valuation methods.
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Günther, Edeltraud, Oliver Schill, and Heiko Schuh. "Standardisation of Cost Accounting for Cost-Benchmarking." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1004104688890-01115.
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This study aims at the presentation of the standardisation method in benchmarking at the conceptual level. This conceptual level is to serve as the basis for the transfer into numerous practical applications. The field example demonstrated is meant to provide additional support. At the same time, this example reveals that the concept is feasible and necessary. The necessity refers to the identification, discussion and solution - oriented towards the goals of the intended benchmarking - of the aspects in the planning and analysis phases of benchmarking which are behind the standardisations. Under certain circumstances this may lead to the fact that this method makes the participating comparative partners sensitive for the conscious perception of the possible significance of standardisations. A more exact analysis may quite as well show that the options in cost accounting are used uniformly to a large extent so that for reasons of materiality the standardisations are not put into practice. Even if this study exclusively examines monetary quantities such as costs we should state that - particularly when benchmarking is extended to further objectives, e.g. quality, environment and time - the need for standardisation is identified for non-monetary quantities as well. Non-monetary quantities also involve - sometimes very complex - questions of evaluation that imply options for subjective evaluation. The basic question of how to evaluate environmental influences or quality aspects is to illustrate this issue. Since standardisations can not at all eliminate subjectivity, which is connected with the determination of options by standards, it may be quite useful in some cases to examine the influence that alternative standards produce. This is particularly useful for the influencing factor parameter, where the Hoechster-Spinne may serve as an analytical tool to illustrate the sensitivity of the quantity which is calculated taking into account this influencing factor.
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Rebane, Martin, and Martin Kolga. "Timberland valuation : Current theory and practice in Estonia and Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101486.
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In some countries forests are state or community owned and there is no market for forest land. However, in many countries timberland can be privately owned and thus there exists an active market for it. In Estonia and Sweden private timberland ownership is very high, 54% and 66% of the total timberland area respectively. Since property transactions in general require valuations, the need for timberland valuations is high in these countries. There are several timberland valuation approaches discussed and analysed in timberland valuation literature. Three of the most prominent approaches are the income approach, the sales comparison approach and the cost approach. Although timberland valuation is well-founded in theory, it is often rather different in practice. The timberland valuation methods as well as the underlying assumptions in the methods can vary significantly across countries and regions. The dissimilarities and confusion in timberland valuations are, at least to some extent, related to the circumstance that existing valuation standards comprehend very little guidance regarding timberland appraisal. The thesis in hand is a comparative case study, in which the same interview questions were asked from several timberland appraisers in Estonia and Sweden in order to find out how timberland is appraised in these countries. It was found that the timberland valuation approaches used within a country are rather similar, but differ when comparing Estonia with Sweden. The assumptions used in the valuation approaches vary between countries as well as across companies within a country. In Estonia 3 the appraisers use only the income approach to value a timberland, while in Sweden the appraisers use both the comparable sales approach and the income approach. There are, however, substantial differences in the way the income method is carried out in each country. In Sweden the appraisers use the income approach, to a great extent, in accordance with scientific literature, which cannot be said about the Estonian appraisers. The main differences in the income approach across the countries are the future cash flow treatment, the premerchantable timber value treatment and the length of the time period in the income approach. Along with many other details about timberland valuation practises in Estonia and Sweden, the study also found that none of the appraisers are using the uncertainty intervals in their valuation reports. The consistency and solidarity of Swedish timberland valuation practice results from the existence of the guidelines and recommendations along with the valuation program provided by the National Land Survey of Sweden. Latter is a clear sign of the importance of valuation standards and guidelines.
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Guimarães, Israel Efraim. "Impacto da adoção do IFRS na avaliação das empresas brasileiras." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19463.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The economic environment, after several changes and global impact with advent of technology and expansion of communications currently, has required from companies a universal financial language. It has known as international accounting standards, also called IFRS - (International Financial Reporting Standards). In Brazil, that deployment has begun in 2007, with the publication of specific law called “Brazilian Accounting Harmonization with International Financial Reporting Standards”, which has changed the structure that law have used by companies and stock market's corporations. The first studies have shown greater transparency and quality of financial statements, since it had adhered to fair value accounting to set accountability values. This research has been motivated by the topicality and importance of the issue harmonization of IFRS around the world and value-based on accounting management like best practices. The first tested hypotheses have been shown (i) the adoption of IFRS haven’t affected the book value substantially and the Market Value of Companies (VME). In addition, (ii) there hasn’t changed significant statistically at Free Cash Flow (FCF) and on EBITDA’s companies that have been adopted IFRS rules. This study has conducted with the companies listed on Brazilian stock markets (also called BM&FBOVESPA), taking as sample 123 companies that have the basic requirements for research during the years 2004-2014, totaling 1,353 observations. The ANOVA test and regression models for panel data have been used. The main findings in the survey have shown that the VPC and FCL have been affected by the implementation of IFRS and the VME. On the other hand, EBITDA haven’t suffered impacts in isolation from the international standard, and that the distance between the VME and VPC have reduced with the implementation of IFRS. This study has conducted with the companies listed on the Brazilian stock market. It has gotten 123 companies sample that have basic requirements for research during the years 2004-2014, totaling 1,353 observations. It has used ANOVA test regression model and data panel statistics way. The main conclusions in the survey have shown equity value of companies and EVA indicator; thus, FCF have affected by the implementation of IFRS. On the other hand, MV, MVA® and EBITDA haven’t impacted isolation from the international standard. Finally, the distance between the MV and equity value of companies have reduced with the implementation of IFRS
O cenário econômico, após diversas mudanças e impactos globais, com advento da tecnologia e ampliação de comunicação, exige atualmente das empresas uma linguagem financeira universal, conhecida como normas internacionais de contabilidade, ou melhor, o padrão IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards. No Brasil, essa implantação se iniciou no ano de 2007, com a divulgação da lei nº 11.638, que alterou a estrutura da Lei das Sociedades por Ações. Os primeiros estudos realizados apontaram maior transparência e qualidade nas demonstrações contábeis, uma vez que aderiram o valor justo para definir valores contábeis. Esta pesquisa foi motivada devido à atualidade do tema, relevância, harmonização do IFRS e a gestão contábil baseada em valor. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, por meio de métricas de avaliação de empresa, se o valor das companhias não financeiras foi afetado com a convergência da adoção das práticas internacionais de contabilidade. As primeiras hipóteses testadas são (i) a adoção ao IFRS não alterou substancialmente o valor patrimonial (VPC) e o valor de mercado das empresas (VME) e (ii) não ocorreu alteração estatisticamente significativa ao Fluxo de Caixa Livre (FCL) e Ebitda das empresas com a adoção ao IFRS. Este estudo foi realizado com as empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa, tomando como amostra 123 empresas, que atendiam os requisitos básicos para a pesquisa, durante os anos de 2004 a 2014, totalizando 1.353 observações. Foram utilizados testes Anova e testes modelos de regressão em painel de dados. Os principais resultados encontrados com a pesquisa foram que o VPC e FCL sofreram impacto com a implantação da norma internacional de contabilidade, e que o VME e Ebitda não sofreram impactos isoladamente da norma internacional, e que a distância entre o VME e VPC foi reduzida com a implantação do IFRS
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Wännström, Robin. "Moving average - Valuation of Inventories : An empirical study of four manufacturing companies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56666.
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Abstract The thesis is addressing the inventory valuation method called moving average and how this inventory method handles exchange rate differences. Intentions of the study is also to highlight differences and similarities between the two methods standard cost and moving average. This study fills an existing gap in science regarding pros and cons with the moving average method which made the topic very interesting. It also has strong practical contribution regarding possible benefits and problems of relevance to companies that have intentions of implementing moving average on their inventory. The relationships between foreign exchange rate risks and inventory leads to the formulated research question for this thesis: What are the effects of currency movements in the cost of goods sold from an inventory valued at moving average method? Based on the technical problem statement was a constructive approach and interpretive standpoint considered best suited for the study. The gathering of data was conducted by using a qualitative research strategy. Three different topics are used in the theoretical frame; inventory valuation, exchange rates and hedging. The theoretical frame describes the accounting standards behind inventory valuation and exchange rates, as well as the theories addressed. Third and final topic hedging is about how to manage exchange rate exposures using different hedging techniques. The in-depth investigation was made for four business units with inventories valued according to the moving average method. Sampling was divided into two parts one for the companies and another choosing respondents. Selection of companies was a convenient sample within the non-probability samples used and the respondents were selected using a snowball sample. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine respondents. Both the empirical- and analysis chapter follows the same three topics as the theory structure and the empirical answers are divided into companies to facilitate the comparison. A short summary of the analysis is that moving average is most suitable for inventories with; high inventory turnovers, sales from shelf and stable costs. There is a need to identify input costs to manage exchange rate differences correctly. The final part about hedging showed that different exposures need different hedging techniques. Forward contracts were the most common financial instrument used for hedging transaction exposures. Input risks also identified as an economic risk is one of the hardest to manage. This study has showed that effects from exchange rate fluctuations affect the moving average inventory value different than other inventory models. The input currencies need to be identified and separated from the sales currencies otherwise there is a potential risk to make wrong decisions.
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Oliveira, Carl Douglas de Gennaro. "Convergência brasileira às normas internacionais de contabilidade: uma aplicação prática do IFRS 2 em um programa de phantom stock options real praticado no Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1767.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-24The process of Brazil s compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) took a big step forward, definitively getting on the agenda of regulatory agencies, companies and auditing firms, when Federal Law 11.638 was signed in December 2007, altering the accounting chapter of Brazilian Corporate Law, 6.404/76. This study contributes to Brazil s process of compliance with the IFRS, specifically regarding the applicability of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment, or its Brazilian corollary CPC 10 Pagamento Baseado em Ações, and the impact on accounting and on the disclosure of a long-term compensation program for executives, characterized as phantom stock options. IFRS 2 was published in February 2002 and was required internationally from January 2005, as an outcome of the growing use of commercial transaction payments based on shares, and also the IOSCO´s report that pointed out the lack of an accounting standard dealing with this kind of transaction. The study found that IFRS 2 or CPC 10 can be appropriately applied to guide the accounting treatment given to a phantom stock option program, and was a more informative accounting practice than that which had been used in Brazil, before 2008. The study also found a wide-spread need of financial knowledge regarding the valuation of stock options, such as the Black-Scholes-Merton model, as well as statistical methods for appropriately account and disclose the fair value of share-based incentive plans. Furthermore, in order to understand more fully the economic event which is being accounted, it is highly important to understand its essence. In the case of long-term share-based incentives for executives, the essence of their existence can be found in agency theory
O processo de convergência do Brasil às Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRSs) deu um grande salto e entrou definitivamente na agenda dos órgãos reguladores, empresas e auditorias, com a sanção da lei federal 11.638 em dezembro de 2007, que alterou o capítulo contábil da Lei das Sociedades Anônimas, 6.404/76. Este estudo contribui para o processo de convergência brasileiro às IFRSs, especificamente quanto à aplicabilidade do IFRS 2 Share Based Payment, ou sua correlação brasileira CPC 10 Pagamento Baseado em Ações, e dos impactos contábeis e de divulgação decorrentes de um programa de compensação de longo prazo a executivos, com as características de phantom stock options, ou opções fantasmas. O IFRS 2 foi publicado em fevereiro de 2002 e requerido internacionalmente a partir de janeiro de 2005, como uma decorrência do crescente uso de pagamento das transações comerciais com base em ações e também do relatório da IOSCO, que identificou como falha a lacuna de norma contábil que tratasse deste tipo de transação. O estudo identificou que o IFRS 2 ou CPC 10 aplica-se adequadamente para orientar o tratamento contábil de um programa de phantom stock option e representou uma prática contábil mais informativa que aquela até então adotada no Brasil, antes do ano de 2008. O estudo também identificou a grande necessidade de conhecimento de finanças relacionado à avaliação de opções, tal como o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton, bem como de métodos estatísticos, para uma apropriada contabilização e divulgação do valor justo dos planos de incentivo baseados em ações. Além disso, para que se entenda com profundidade o evento econômico que se contabiliza, é de suma importância a compreensão de sua essência. No caso de incentivos de longo prazo para executivos, baseados em ações, a essência de sua existência pode ser encontrada na Teoria de Agência
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Helperin, Malin. "Småhusfastigheters värde utifrån standard, skick och ägarens innehavstid." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24448.
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Denna studie handlar om fastighetsvärdering och hur faktorerna taxerad standard, byggnadens faktiska skick och fastighetsägarens innehavstid påverkar småhusfastigheters värde och skrivs på uppdrag av Lantmäteriet. Syftet är att få bredare kunskap om värdefaktorn standard och dess samband med byggnadens skick och ägarens innehavstid samt standardens, skickets och innehavstidens påverkan på småhusfastigheters värde. Vid fastighetstaxering bestäms byggnadens värde utifrån värdefaktorerna som anges i 8 kap 3 § fastighetstaxeringslagen (SFS 1979:1152) som är storlek, ålder, standard, byggnadskategori, fastighetsrättsliga förhållanden och värdeordning. Enligt fastighetstaxeringslagen bestäms värdefaktorn standard utifrån småhusets byggnadsmaterial och utrustning. Det finns begränsad forskning kring värdefaktorn standard och dess påverkan på småhusfastigheters värde, detta tyder på att denna studie behövs och kan fylla luckor i kunskapen kring ämnet. För att undersöka detta har en representativ delmarknad i Gävle valts ut. Med representativ delmarknad menas ett delområde som kan representera ett generellt resultat som kan antas vara desamma oavsett lokalisering. Data har samlats in om fastigheterna i den valda delmarknaden (insamlingsmetoden), analyser har genomförts (analysmetoden) samt enkäter och intervjuer. Studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan fastigheters värde och fastighetsägares innehavstid. Fastigheter som har längre innehavstid har lägre kvadratmeterpris och de som har kortare innehavstid har högre värden. Det går inte att utläsa något samband mellan standardpoängen och värdet eller standardpoängen och ägarens innehavstid. Undersökningarna kring hur skicket påverkar värdet och dess samband med innehavstiden tyder på att skicket är som bäst i början på innehavstiden. Detta förklaras genom att fastighetsägarna i stor utsträckning väljer att utföra renoveringsåtgärder i inledningen av sin innehavstid. Analysen av sambandet mellan antal utförda åtgärder(skicket) och värdet visar inget samband eller mönster. Fastighetsmäklarna anser dock att det finns ett samband mellan antal utförda renoveringsåtgärder och fastigheternas slutpris. Det anses även att kvalitén på hur åtgärderna är utförda är avgörande för hur mycket åtgärden påverkar värdet samt vilka specifika åtgärder fastighetsägarna valt att utföra. Även material- och trendval kan påverka hur mycket en åtgärd påverkar fastighetens värde.This study is about property valuation and how the factors taxed standard, the actual condition of the building and the real estate owner's holding time affect the value of small houses and are written on behalf of Lantmäteriet. The aim is to get broader knowledge of the value factor standard and its relation to the condition of the building and the owner's holding time as well as the standard, condition and holding times impact on the value of small houses. In the case of property taxation valuation, the value of the building is determined on the basis of the value factors listed in chapter 8, section 3, of the Property Taxation Act (SFS 1979: 1152), size, age, standard, building category, property rights and value order. According to the Real Estate Tax Act, the value factor is determined by the building materials and equipment of the housing. There is limited research on the value factor standard and its impact on the value of small houses, this suggests that this study is needed and can fill gaps in knowledge about the subject. To investigate this, a representative submarket in Gävle has been selected. "Representative submarketing" means a subset that can represent a general result that can be assumed to be the same regardless of location. Data has been collected about the properties in the selected submarket (collection method), analyzes have been carried out (analysis method), and questionnaires and interviews. The study shows that there is a connection between the value of the property and the ownership owners' holding time. Real estate that has a longer holding time has lower square meterprise, and those with a shorter holding time have higher values. There is no connection between standard points and the value or owner's holding time and standard points. The surveys on how the condition affects the value and its relation to the holding time indicates that the condition is the best at the start of the holding period. This is explained by the fact that property owners often choose to carry out renovation measures at the beginning of their holding time. The analysis of the relationship between the number of improvments performed (the condition) and the value shows no relationship or pattern. However, real estate agents consider that there is a correlation between the number of renovation measures and the real estate prices. It is also considered that the quality of the actions taken affects the value as well as what specific actions property owners have chosen to perform and that material and trend choices can affect how much a measure affects the property's final price.
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Robitaille, Jean. "Valuation of household production time : conceptual and empirical refinements of the standard opportunity cost of time methodology /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924919.
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Krejza, Zdeněk. "ANALÝZA A FORMULACE ROZHODOVACÍCH PROBLÉMŮ ZNALCE PŘI OCEŇOVÁNÍ NEMOVITOSTÍ." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234312.
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The thesis deals with the decision-making of the expert in real estate valuation. Due to the complexity of the process and the difficulties of valuation it can be assumed that the decision will be an arduous process. It is obvious that the choice of an expert is crucial to the result of the valuation process. This topic is currently relatively little explored, and therefore the work will deal with the analysis and formulation of decision problems expert in real estate valuation. The thesis analyses the current status of forensic engineering and decision-making regarding to real estate valuation. The general decision-making process, divided into seven steps, is adapted to the requirements of expert decision-making in real estate valuation. As in the managerial decision-making process, property valuation is also divided into three levels. These three levels considered the described fundamental decision problems that lead to the formulation of the expert decision-making principles in real estate valuation. For better understanding the extensiveness of the decision-making process in the valuation of real estate the author created a decision tree respectively schemes whose functionality has been verified at the end of the thesis, exemplified with the help of a specific case study of the determined price in real estate valuation.
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Slamená, Iveta. "Vliv investice do stavebních úprav na zhodnocení standardního rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232567.
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The master's thesis deals with determining the influence of investment intro construction alterations on the valuation of a standard family house. Quantifying the cost of investment into the construction budget adjustments and valuation of a standard family house a home's value difference before and after completion of building alterations. Calculated data on the amount of investment and valuation of a standard family house to compare and evaluate in what time period, age structure and in what kind of investment in construction to occur by similar adjustments to the assessment.
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Snowball, Jen. "The economic valuation of cultural events in developing countries: combining market and non-market valuation techniques at the South African National Arts Festival." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002703.
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The arts in many countries, but particularly in developing ones, are coming under increasing financial pressure and finding it difficult to justify the increases in government funding needed to maintain and grow the cultural sector. The trend in cultural economics, as well as in other areas, appears to be towards including qualitative valuations, as well as the more traditional quantitative ones. This thesis argues that the value of cultural events should include long term historical qualitative analysis, financial or economic impact and a valuation of the positive externalities provided by cultural events and that any one of these should only be regarded as a partial analysis. Four methods of valuing the arts using the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) as an example are demonstrated. Firstly, a qualitative historical analysis of the role of the NAF in South Africa’s transformation process from Apartheid to the democratic New South Africa is examined, using theories of cultural capital as a theoretical basis. It is argued that the value of cultural events needs to take into account long-term influences especially in countries undergoing political and social transformation. The second valuation method applied is the traditional economic impact study. Four economic impact studies conducted on the NAF are discussed and methodologies compared. It is concluded that, despite the skepticism of many cultural economists, the method can provide a useful partial valuation and may also be used for effective lobbying for government support of the arts. Chapter four discusses willingness to pay studies conducted at the NAF in 2000 and 2003 (as well as a pilot study conducted at the Klein Karoo Nationale Kunstefees). It is found that lower income and education groups do benefit from the positive externalities provided by the Festival and that this is reflected in their willingness to pay to support it. It is also argued that such contingent valuation studies can provide a reasonably reliable valuation of Festival externalities, but that they may be partly capturing current or future expected financial gains as well. Finally, the relatively new choice experiment methodology (also called conjoint analysis) is demonstrated on visitors to the NAF. The great advantage of this method in valuing cultural events is that it provides part-worths of various Festival attributes for different demographic groups. This enables organizes to structure the programme in such a way as to attract previously excluded groups and to conduct a cost-benefit analysis for each part of the Festival.
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Dobrovolná, Jana. "Problematika zásob z hlediska českých účetních předpisů a mezinárodních standardů s rozšířením o audit dané oblasti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73625.
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Thesis deal with problems of inventories with from two different looks, namely in light of Czech accounting recipes and International Financial Reporting Standards IAS/IFRS, including the completion of the audit inventories. Attention is devoted to the status of stocks owned enterprise, the definition of the term, the fundamental characteristics of stock, Czech legislative adjustments, and adjustments according to IAS/IFRS, inventory systems, methods and techniques of valuation, audit procedures and specific audit procedures of supplies.
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Sedláček, Jan. "STANDARDIZACE ZNALECKÉHO POSTUPU PŘI ZJIŠTĚNÍ OBVYKLÉ CENY VĚCNÉHO BŘEMENE PŘI VÝSTAVBĚ POZEMNÍCH KOMUNIKACÍ." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234326.
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This PhD thesis analyzes the current situation in appraisals of technical infrastructure easements created by the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic in the process of transport infrastructure development. The thesis explains the basic concepts, identifies the relevant legisla-tion and examines the appraising methods used for these easements as described in the literature. It then discusses and critically assesses, based on existing legislation and best practices, the indi-vidual appraising approaches used in expert opinions prepared for the Road and Motorway Di-rectorate of the Czech Republic. Drawing on this assessment, it makes recommendations for a standardized approach for establishing the fair market value of easements and demonstrates its application on a model example.
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Olsson, Camilla. "Motorists´evaluation of road maintenance management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3474.
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The road network is extremely valuable. Road Administrationsare expected to invest maintenance funding in a way thatreturns maximum benefit to road users. Cost-benefit analysis isone method to ensure that an adequate return in terms ofbenefits results from committing expenditure. Today,cost-benefit calculations are frequently used as a base fordecision making of investments. The surges for such methods inthe maintenance management sector are increasing.
Up to the present, one reason for not analysing costs andbenefits for various maintenance management measures has beenthe lack of knowledge about comfort benefits for road users inquantitative monetary terms. The aim with this thesis is toinvestigate motoristsapprehension of pavementmaintenance management and winter maintenance operations. Thefinal goal is to find out their willingness to pay fordifferent levels of road maintenance management. Those valuescan later be used in cost-benefit calculations and also ineffect models of road maintenance management.
Due to the pioneer status of this study, focus groups andin-depth interviews as well as a number of pilot studies havebeen carried out before a main survey with stated choiceexperiments could be designed. These exploratory studies showedthat the interviewees were familiar with the types of roadsurface damage that exist and in many cases mastered the sameterminology as the Road Administration and others. Showingpictures of well-known types of road damage lead to highermonetary valuations of getting better road standard incomparison with just text descriptions. One reason for thatcould be the requisite severness of the damage in order toillustrate a certain road maintenance shortage. The respondentswith the text descriptions could have stated their preferencesfor an, in their own minds, average shortcoming while the groupwith access to photograph of road damage all saw the samesevere damage. Illustrations of different road maintenancestandards make it possible to control the respondentsinterpretation of the maintenance management standard valuatedbut could lead to high monetary estimations.
Driving comfort was very important to the interviewees inthe exploratory studies. That was manifested in the pilotstated choice surveys, which resulted in high willingness topay for better pavement management.
The main study consisted of two surveys; the first one wasabout pavement maintenance management and was carried out inOctober to November 2000 and the second one took place inFebruary to March 2001 and was about winter maintenanceoperations. Both the pavement and the winter survey includedattitude questions and two stated choice experiments. Theresult showed that the maintenance management status of theroad network was important to car users. For example, the worstpavement damage was roughness; the motorists were willing topay 1.7 SEK (Swedish Crowns) per kilometre to avoid roadsdamaged in their full length. The least harmful damage of thosestudied was cracks; the willingness to pay to avoid that was0.5 SEK per kilometre. For more rapid snow clearance, the carusers were willing to pay 60 to 80 SEK per year for getting theroads cleared from snow one hour earlier than the currentstandard implies. The willingness to pay for driving on bareroads in comparison with snow roads was 0.4 SEK per kilometre.Statistical tests on the models showed that the parametervalueswere well estimated.
In the pavement as well as in the winter survey, a clustergroup analysis was performed in order to test the heterogeneityof attitudes and behaviour to road maintenance management. Theanalysis resulted in two separate groups in each survey. Onegroup consisted of drivers who reported to be very influencedby the level of maintenance management regarding chosen speed,joy of driving and so on. The other group reported to be lessinfluenced and had lower acceptance of higher road tax for thepurpose to increase the maintenance management standard.Separate stated choice models revealed that the differences inattitudes could also reflect the respondentswillingnessto pay for higher road maintenance standard. However, thedifferences were only small and the different groupsmonetary valuations were not found to be significantlydifferent from each other.
The result of this study, better knowledge aboutmotoristsapprehension of maintenance management, theirattitudes to driving comfort and road standard and theirmonetary valuations of different levels of pavement maintenanceand winter maintenance operations, opens up the possibility tomake cost-benefit analysis of various maintenance managementprojects. The impact of the monetary values found in this studyhas been studied in a limited cost-benefit analysis.
Keywords:stated choice, stated preference, valuationsof maintenance management, driving comfort, road standardevaluation
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Černocký, Robert. "OCEŇOVÁNÍ STAVEB POŠKOZENÝCH, NEPOVOLENÝCH A NEOPRÁVNĚNÝCH." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234611.
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This PhD thesis analyzes the current, by experts in minimum benchmark solved condition of valuation of damaged, unlicensed and unauthorized buildings, it defines the problematic status of the individual administrative areas where the expert report is the decisive evidence and it recommends suitable method of valuation of these buildings, so as to minimize the risk of bringing faulty expert opinion. The paper not only explains the basic concepts identified in the relevant legislation, but also systematically analyzes the possible ways of determining the usual price of mentioned buildings. Derived ways of valuation methods are validated on examples and evaluated. On the basis of this verification there is a recommended procedure to determine the usual price of these types of buildings, ie. the expert standard.
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Puchýř, Bohumil. "Oceňování golfových hřišť s ověřením možností aplikace Naegeliho metody třídy polohy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232865.
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Subject of this thesis is the valuation of golf courses with the verification of possible application of Naegeli class method. The solution includes a description of individual objects located on golf courses used for this sport. Application of Naegeli class method will be carried out in both theoretical and practical way. Result will be compared with the use of other conventional valuation methods, eventually estimate as well. According to the achieved results, a standard expert valuation process using Naegeli class method will be proposed.
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Maňásek, Petr. "Povolování terénních úprav a jejich návaznost na oceňovací předpisy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241333.
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This thesis deals with landscaping issues from the legal standpoint and evaluates the influence of landcaping on the price of estate according to legislative assessment and standard price in the Stare Mesto region.
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Vondrák, Radek. "Srovnání vybraných způsobů ocenění pro nemovitost typu rodinný dům v lokalitě Telč a okolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232530.
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This master´s thesis „Comparison of selected methods of valuation of the property type of family house in Telč and its surroundings” deals with the analysis of possible valuation methods and their comparing. The main objective of this thesis is to describe the methods of valuation and on the basis of selecting valuation methods prepare their confrontation. In the diploma thesis is valued ten of family houses in Telč and its surrounding, which are compared by the following methods: coast approach, comparative public notice, comparative non-promulgation method and price at present time. Part of objective this thesis is describe to the main influences acting on the standard price in the area of Telč and its surroundings.
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Reppling, Simon. "Ändringarna i Expropriationslagen 2010 : En analys." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230912.
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Expropriation används för att med tvång ta mark i anspråk för att tillgodose allmänna behov. Bestämmelserna kring detta återfinns i expropriationslagen (SFS 1972:719) där det specificeras vem som får expropriera, hur det går till, vilka ersättningsmöjligheter som finns m.m. Lagen var i princip oförändrad sedan dess införande i början av 1970-talet och 2005 tillsattes på uppdrag av regeringen en grupp för att utvärdera reglerna. Syftet var att stärka äganderätten och resultatet blev huvudsakligen ändringar av tre bestämmelser, schablonpåslaget, toleransavdraget och presumtionsregeln. Denna uppsats har som syfte att besvara frågan om varför det finns tvångsmöjligheter och hur detta går till. Vidare utvärderas också det aktualiserade ändringarna från 2010 och slutsatser dras kring deras påverkan på annan rätt, oklarheter och om de kan anses uppnå syftet med lagändringen. För att besvara dessa frågor baseras uppsatsen på existerande lagtext, förarbeten och annan juridisk text. Till hjälp används även relevant litteratur inom det markjuridiska området. Utöver detta så har även det svenska ersättningssystemet jämförts mot internationell rätt via ett par utvalda länder i Europa. Slutsatser som kan dras är att lagändringarna huvudsakligen är positiva och tjänar det syfte som ursprungligen satts upp av de som är ansvariga för ändringarna. Dock finns vissa problem med lagstiftningen, såsom oklarheter i värdering och definitioner, inte helt kompletta följdändringar i andra lagar eller oförutsedda konsekvenser. Ändringarna i ersättningen av marknadsvärdet till ett högre värde än tidigare är den klart största förändringen och i jämförelse mot internationell rätt så har Sverige bland de mest generösa ersättningsreglerna. Vissa länder har börjat anpassa sin lagstiftning enligt samma principer som föranledde förändringar i den svenska lagstiftningen men har ännu inte nått lika långt. Detta kan vi troligtvis ses förändras inom den närmsta framtiden då individens rättigheter kommer i fokus samt att expropriation numera ofta används för andra ändamål än förr.Expropriation (also known as compulsory purchase or eminent domain) is the method used for acquiring land by force to cater public needs. The regulations regarding this is in Swedish law is found in the Expropriation Act (SFS 1972:719) where it is specified who may use expropriation, how it works, how the compensation is decided, etc. The law has been mostly unaltered since its adaptation in the early 1970’s and in 2005 a group was assigned to investigate possible changes. This was to achieve the purpose of strengthening individual and ownership rights and resulted in three main changes. Firstly, the land compensation was raised from 100 % of the market value to 125 %, secondly a special tolerance deduction was removed, and thirdly the rule of presumption was also removed. This thesis aims to answer the question of why there are compulsory measures and how they work. It will also examine the changes to the Swedish expropriation act from 2010 to evaluate how it affected other parts of the justice system, what could be unclear and whether they achieved their own purpose. To answer this, existing legislation has been used, as well as its preparatory work and other legal documents. Furthermore, other relevant legal documents have been reviewed. A brief investigation into other international legal systems has also been conducted. In summary we can draw conclusions regarding these amendments and see that they are mainly positive and serves the purpose behind the changes. There are however certain problems with the legislation, such as difficulties with the valuation and definitions, certain follow-up changes to other legislation and some unforeseen consequences. The raised compensation for market value was the clearly biggest change and in comparison to international law, the compensation regulations in Sweden is among the most liberal. Some countries have begun altering their respective laws in accordance with the same principles used for the Swedish amendments but have yet to reach the levels that has been adapted here. This is probably something that will change further in the near future as individual rights are more in focus and because expropriation these days is used for different purposes than before.
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Vondrová, Monika. "Analýza vybraných faktorů ovlivňujících zjištěnou a obvyklou cenu bytů v Ústí nad Orlicí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232630.
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The aim of this master´s thesis is valuation of 11 real estate propetries of type flat in Ústí nad Orlicí by selected methods of valuation. Subsequently comparison of these methods and analysis of selected factors influencing the ascertained price and the standard price is done.
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Douglas, Jason G. "Towards a New Currency of Economic Criticism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1466.
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“The Purloined Letter,” Edgar Allan Poe's third and final tale featuring the detective Dupin, has evoked a long history of critical response. Criticism has tended to read the text for its role in the development of detective fiction and as illustrative of various theoretical positions. However, the implications of the “The Purloined Letter,” as a tale of ratiocination, has largely been left unexplored. “The Purloined Letter” explores logical processes of value and exchange, particularly economic exchange, in a manner very similar to what Charles Sanders Peirce will call pragmatism several decades later. Dupin's deductive methods and Peirce's abductive logic express the nature of objects in terms of social systems of preference and perception rather metaphysics. Peirce's classification of signs as icon, index, or symbol provides a framework of signification which can be read in conjunction with “The Purloined Letter” to flesh out the role of materiality and value in the theory of economic criticism. Reading value and exchange as part of a social system of signs, perceptions, and representations of value will serve to expose a penchant for material fetishism in economic criticism and provide a theory of currency, value, and exchange that contextualizes representational and material notions of value within the social and economic system that provides the processes and mechanisms of value determination. The way that the Prefect, the Minister D___, and Dupin each conceptualize the purloined letter as having a different representational relationship with value can be used to demonstrate Poe's abductive framework for economy.
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Lin, Yuting, and 林育葶. "Development of Taiwan Valuation Standards and Comparison with International Valuation Standards & China Valuation Standards." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zqv4gq.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
會計學研究所
106
Taiwan valuation standards are published one after another by Accounting Research and Development Foundation from 2007. In order to comprehend the formulation of Taiwan valuation standards, this paper will use International valuation standards (IVS) and China valuation standards as comparison subject. The comparison will base on Taiwan valuation standards and therefore the comparison will divide into twelve standards and one guideline. Moreover, in order to understand the amendment of Taiwan valuation standards, IVS and China valuation standards, this paper will compare new edition with old version of each one. Finally, this paper will introduce foreign valuation credentials and Taiwan valuation credentials to understand regulations and requirements about valuation credentials. The results show that, there are fewer differences between Taiwan valuation standards and IVS in the standards of equipment, financial instruments and discount cash flow than the others. There are fewer differences between Taiwan valuation standards and China valuation standards in the standards of engagement letter and working paper than the others. In addition, the extent of amendment of IVS and China valuation standards is larger than that of Taiwan valuation standards. Finally, when comparing foreign valuation credentials with Taiwan valuation credentials, the result shows that there are some deficiencies in Taiwan valuation credentials.
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Chou, Jen-Chieh, and 周仁杰. "The Development of Valuation in Taiwan and Harmonization with International Standards." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97220875987920655435.
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碩士輔仁大學
金融研究所
91
Appraisal is a process to render a fair evaluation of a defined value of a property. It has to be accomplished by an experienced and objective third party so that the appraised price can convey the desired credibility expected by both the buyer and the seller, or by both the creditor and the debtor. Appraisal is a catalyst to business transactions, especially for properties that are short of a regular and open market. Appraisal must build on creditable standards and considerations that are generally referred to as the valuation system. Valuation system has been developed in Europe and North America for a long time. The improvement in the soundness of the system and the advancement of business activities reinforce each other. In Taiwan, professionals who are permitted to serve as appraisers are grouped into five categories under current regulations. They are (1) real estate appraisers, (2) certified accountants, (3) certified architects, (4) independent parties permitted by the competent authority for financial assets valuation, and (5) institutions permitted by the competent authority for the appraisal of intellectual properties. These five categories of appraisers are subjected to different regulations issued from different competent authorities, summing together, are subjected to guidance and restrictions scattered in 19 different administrative ordinances. All these indicate that Taiwan is short of an Appraisal Law based valuation system. Financial markets in Taiwan are currently undergoing revolutionary changes, reliable real estate and financial products appraisals are in urgent need to make transactions in the capital market transparent. This adds up to the motivation for us to build a cohesive valuation system. The purposes of this thesis are twofold. First, the trend of movement from historical cost based accounting to fair value based accounting requires a sound valuation system. Second, the global integration of capital markets requires that valuation systems used in other countries, together with their experience and considerations, be taken into consideration in developing domestic standards and practices. This thesis should provide a useful reference to the design of a modern valuation system in Taiwan.
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"An empirical analysis of mandatory valuation allowance change in China: an accounting choice and valuation study." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890748.
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Babalyan, Levon. "Earnings management by firms applying international financial reporting standards : implications for valuation /." 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/488927331.pdf.
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Van, Reenen Andrea Frances. "The usefulness of IFRS financial statements of the valuation of private equity investments." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11506.
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Laux, Andreas. "Valuation of non-cash contributions in the German start-up balance sheet according to the German Commercial Code, Austrian Commercial Code and International Financial Accounting Standards." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425106.
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The current economic crisis shows that the valuation of assets is an important subject for our global economy because reserves help a company to better with-stand a crisis. The valuation of assets should therefore be perfected as soon as a company is established. How non-cash contributions are valued in the start-up balance sheet has long-term consequences for future balance sheets and profit and loss accounts. There is a loophole in the valuation of non-cash contributions in Germany as the §§ 242 I, 253 I, 255 I HGB (German Commercial Code) are only to be applied by analogy. When comparing this with international standards on the other hand, the valuation of non-cash contributions on company start-up is clearly regulated in other countries; for example in Austria by codification of the fair value in § 202 UGB (Austrian Commercial Code) and in the IFRS reporting system by the prin-ciple of fair value. Due to the German loophole, there is an ongoing controversial discussion in academic literature on the valuation of non-cash contributions. This leads to a need to investigate the subject in more detail with the aim of ascertain-ing whether there should be a uniform perspective and accordingly an ideal valua-tion. The dissertation concludes that non-cash contributions should be valued at the attributable market value (fair value). With the introduction of the term, attribut-able market value in § 255 IV HGB, the German legislator has taken the first step in this direction and should now take the second step and extend the application of this term to non-cash contributions analogous to § 202 UGB. If this recom-mendation is adopted, this would contribute to the standardization of reporting from a scientific perspective and to the solidity of German companies.
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"Value-relevance of the aging disclosure of accounts receivable: evidence from Chinese A-share listed firms." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890769.
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VACKOVÁ, Lenka. "Oceňování v podmínkách českých účetních předpisů a IFRS na příkladu konkrétní účetní jednotky." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153567.
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The aim of this work is to analyse the methods of valuation in accounting in accordance with Czech Accounting Legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards. This thesis compares different approaches on the example of the specific accounting entity. The company is called E.ON Czech Republic, s. r. o. The theoretical part of the thesis describes accounting systems and defines some of the international standards. The practical part of the thesis characterizes the accounting entity and describes the found differences. The next point is the subsequent comparison and evaluation.
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SHIAO, ZHU, and 朱師奧. "Valuation of FRAND Royalties for Standard Essential Patent." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b6wshq.
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碩士國立交通大學
科技法律研究所
108
With the advancement of technology, in order to pursue the improvement of production efficiency and the reduction of commercial costs, technical standards become an increasingly important part of the technology industry. Due to the particularity of technical standards, licensees usually situate at disadvantaged position in standard essential patent’s licensing negotiation. The patentee may put pressure on the licensee that will lead to hold up and royalty stalking. In order to curb this situation, the standards-setting organization established “fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory” terms and conditions to balance the positions of both parties of the negotiation and to promote the standard by limiting the rights of standard-essential patents’ holders. However, there is not a clear definition of FRAND principle, so the FRAND royalties calculation became the most important problem in relevant cases. This dissertation summarized approaches of FRAND royalties calculation by study of cases among the world and concluded that the upper principle of FRAND royalties should be the hypothetical negotiation approach and Georgia-Pacific factors which are adjusted in accordance with FRAND principle. Reasonable royalty includes the contribution of patent technology and the contribution of non-patent technology. For standard essential patents, the technical standard will bring more value which does not belong to the patent itself. Therefore, when calculating the FRAND royalties, the patent contribution (including technical contribution, contribution to standards and contribution to products) should be specially evaluated. This paper proposes three patent contribution calculation methods that have been applied in typical cases or recommended by the academic papers. For specific calculation, this paper summarized three approaches, namely “bottom-up approach (incremental value approach)”, “comparable licensing approach”, “top-down approach”, and suggested that various approaches should be used and use cross-validation to obtain a more convincing reasonable royalty in one case. The evaluation of patent value is the last part of patent litigation. This dissertation aims to give a hand to the disputes of FRAND royalties in the future, and promote the development of Patent Act
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WEINAROVÁ, Milena. "Zásoby z pohledu českých účetních standardů a Mezinárodních standardů účetního výkaznictví (IFRS)." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251833.
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The diploma thesis is aimed to explore the issue of the inventory while comparing CAS and IFRS. The section concerning the theory of the issue includes the inventory characteristics, methods of valuation and the accounting of the inventory according to the CAS. The following section of the theory is describing the inventory, its valuation, and showing it in statements according to the IFRS. The section concerning the issue in practice provides information about selected manufacturing concern with determining the inventory. First part includes the analysis of differences between the method used by the accounting entity and methods approved by the IFRS when valuating the consumption of the inventory. In the following part of the section are solved problems of the spare parts accounting in the CAS in comparison with the IFRS. The last part of the section includes the analysis of the sale of their own products at the end of the accounting period relevant to the accounting entity in comparison with the methods the IFRS. Each chapter provides some suggestions or solutions to should achieve the true and fair view of the company's accountancy.
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KALINOVÁ, Regina. "Vývoj metodiky oceňování bytů." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154453.
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The theme of this thesis is ?The development of metodology valuation of flats?. Its aim is to monitor and evaluating the development of prices by regulations. The first part of this thesis describes basic definitions relating to the valuation of flats explain the concepts of price and value and the methods that are used in the valuation of flats. In a separate chapter I focused on the wording of the laws and regulations in the valuation. In practical part I appraised flat using program Delta-NEM working with regulations available in this program. There were used comparative and expense methods. In the last part is shown progressive evolution of prices model and used flat using graphs and made comparsion prices progression of these two flats.
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Van, Biljon Marilene. "An application guideline for the fair value accounting of biological assets." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21598.
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Reporting in terms of the principles of IAS 41, or equivalent, did not result in comparable financial results in the industry. This is mainly due to valuation challenges experienced and the significant costs of these valuations, contributing to the theoretical gap addressed in this study, where the cognitive theory was applied to determine how to improve the consistency, validity and reliability of the fair valuing of biological assets. The knowledge gap is a result of the inconsistent application of the requirements of IAS 41 which results in incomparable financial results which impairs the decision-making of the users of such information. The results of the study were analysed and contextualised to develop an application guideline to assist the financial statement compilers to present results to users that will enhance their decision-making. This guideline is the result of an investigation on the industry trend and standards on how to value, disclose and report on biological assets in the annual reports; an assessment of the valuation challenges experienced, the valuation factors considered and the frequency thereof; an analysis of the valuation inputs applied and a contextualisation of the various users’ expectations when these financial results are assessed. Such assessment included an inductive content analysis, further grounded theory contextualisation and grouping of the results into a guideline that was tested on various users to ensure the usefulness and validity thereof. The purpose of the study and the developed guideline is to determine how to improve the consistency, the validity and the reliability of the fair valuing of biological assets to derive at informing, comparable, decision-enhancing balances in a cost efficient manner when detailed information is presented.Centre for Accounting Studies
D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)
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Yang, Shu-Hao, and 楊書豪. "TAIWAN AND HONGKONG MARKET’S VALUATION OF STANDARD CHARTERED TENDER OFFER FOR HSINCHU INTERNATIONAL BANK." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9hk54j.
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碩士銘傳大學
風險管理與保險學系碩士班
95
Standard Chartered Bank launches a recommended tender offer 100 percent of the issued and to be issued share capital of Hsinchu International Bank on September 29th ,2006. On October 31th,2006, achieved 95.4％ acceptances from Hsinchu International Bank shareholders. It is the first merger case that foreign bank acquire Taiwan’s bank. It also had it’s target meaning. So ,this is a worthy issue to study. This thesis used “ Event Study Method “ to value and the findings as follows： 1.After 30 days of announced, both Standard Chartered Bank and Hsinchu International Bank had positive cumulated abnormal return that are 7.48％ and 27.18％ . The combined cumulated abnormal return is 7.99％. So, this case supports “Synergy Hypothesis” and disproves “Hubris Hypothesis”. 2.Testing the cumulated abnormal return before 30 days of announced, Hsinchu International Bank already had positive cumulated abnormal return of 42.1％. It shows that the acquisition news might be knew before announced.
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Snowball, Jeanette Dalziel. "The economic valuation of cultural events in developing countries : combining market and non-market valuation techniques at the South African National Arts Festival /." 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/896/.
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