To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Value benefit analysis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Value benefit analysis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Value benefit analysis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Welsh, Brandon C. "Preventing crime : the contribution of benefit-cost analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268877.
Full text
2
Fang, Jayming Sha. "Making the business case for process safety using value-at-risk concepts." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4272.
Full textAbstract:
An increasing emphasis on chemical process safety over the last two decades has led to the development and application of powerful risk assessment tools. Hazard analysis and risk evaluation techniques have developed to the point where quantitatively meaningful risks can be calculated for processes and plants. However, the results are typically presented in semi-quantitative âÂÂranked listâ or âÂÂcategorical matrixâ formats, which are certainly useful but not optimal for making business decisions. A relatively new technique for performing valuation under uncertainty, Value at Risk (VaR), has been developed in the financial world. VaR is a method of evaluating the probability of a gain or loss by a complex venture, by examining the stochastic behavior of its components. We believe that combining quantitative risk assessment techniques with VaR concepts will bridge the gap between engineers and scientists who determine process risk and business leaders and policy makers who evaluate, manage, or regulate risk. We present a few basic examples of the application of VaR to hazard analysis in the chemical process industry. We discover that by using the VaR tool we are able to present data that allows management to make better informed decisions.
3
Hasselström, Linus. "The monetary value of marine environmental change." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193727.
Full textAbstract:
The marine ecosystems are fundamental for human welfare. A number of current environmental pressures need attention, and the formulation of management strategies requires information from a variety of analytical dimensions. The linkage between environmental change and resulting implications for human welfare is one such dimension. This thesis presents studies on welfare implications from hypothetical future policies which improve the state of the marine environment. The method for these studies is economic valuation. The studied scenarios concern eutrophication in the Baltic Sea (including the Kattegat) and oil spill risk from shipping in the Lofoten-Vesterålen area in the Arctic Barents Sea. The thesis shows that the economic benefits from undertaking policies to improve or protect the marine environment in these cases are substantial and exceed the costs of taking measures. In addition to providing new monetary estimates, the thesis also provides new insights concerning 1) what type of scenario to use when valuing an environmental improvement and 2) whether there may exist trade-offs between precision in estimates and the level of ambition with respect to survey instrument complexity and econometric models when conducting valuation studies. The findings suggest an end of an era for studies in which the environmental change is unspecified or based on a single environmental indicator while the actual consequences of the suggested measures are more multifaceted. In contrast, relevant scenarios to study are well-specified and holistic. The thesis further reveals that it might not always be worth the effort to go for the most advanced scenario presentation or statistically best-fitting model specifications. This is something that needs to be further discussed among practitioners in order to allocate valuation resources wisely and not waste resources on unnecessarily elegant valuation studies.QC 20161011
4
Tanous, William Brandon. "A benefit-cost analysis of the San Marcos conference center in San Marcos, Texas /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/266/.
Full text
5
Fanta, Elias Gebreselassie. "The production of oilseeds in Ethiopia: value chain analysis and the benefit that accrue to the primary producers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9950_1249265362.
Full textAbstract:
Oilseed is the third most important export item in Ethiopian foreign trade. It has registered a high export growth rate over recent years both in terms of volume and value. Besides its growing share in export, it is widely used for the extraction of edible oil and oilcake that is supplied to the domestic market. Although farmers are the primary producers of oilseeds, they are not able to benefit from the growing market share of the product due to the fact that they find themselves at the end of an extended market chain. As a result they only receive a very small proportion of what the final buyers are paying for the oilseed products. In addition, there is not much experience on the part of the farmers to process oilseeds, change it to edible oil and oilcake and retain the value addition in the local economy. This thesis used the value chain approach to investigate the possibilities for the primary producers to increase their income share from the selling of their products either by directly selling to exporters or by processing oilseeds, producing edible oil and oilcake, and retaining the value addition in the local economy.
6
Fethers, A. V., and n/a. "Valuing public goods." University of Canberra. Management, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060710.105721.
Full textAbstract:
There are three broad areas of public administration that
require valuation for public goods. One of these areas is
concerned with value for cost benefit analysis. The concept
here is quantitative, in money terms, and the purpose is to
aid decision making. Planners and economists either
calculate, or estimate total costs and total benefits of
programs or projects as an aid to decision making.
The second broad area involves justifying, or allocating
public resources. Benefits bestowed by intangibles such as
the arts, or questions that affect the environment are
difficult to quantify as value may involve concepts the
beneficiaries find difficult to identify or describe. The
concept of value involves total costs, but also may involve
perceptions of the community about value. Valuation costs
may be calculated from the aggregate demand, but estimating
demand can be difficult.
The third broad area involves estimating demand for government
services such as those provided by the Bureau of Statistics,
and the Department of Administrative Services, as well as many
others, who are being required to charge fees for services
previously provided without direct charge. This development
is part of the trend called corporatisation now occurring in
many countries, including Australia.
Economists and planners have a range of approaches available
to assist them in the estimation of value, whether it be for
the purpose of comparing costs with benefits, or for
estimating the demand for tangible or intangible items like
the arts or statistics.
Surveys have been used for many years to assist a wide range
of decisions by private enterprise. The use of surveys by
government in Australia has been limited, but is increasing.
US and European governments have used surveys to value both
more and less tangible public goods since 1970. Surveys have
also proved useful to assist many other decisions, including
policy making, developing the means for implementing policies,
monitoring and adjusting programs, and evaluation.
This paper is primarily concerned with surveys. A particular
type of survey, known as contingent valuation (CV), has been
developed to assist the estimation of value for intangible
public goods. Also discussed are other applications of
surveys for government decision making, and other ways of
imputing or estimating values, largely developed by economists
and planners to assist cost benefit analysis.
Three examples of surveys used to estimate values are
discussed. These include a survey of Sydney households to
help estimate the value of clean water; an Australia wide
survey to help estimate the value of the arts; and a survey
of Australians to help estimate the value of Coronation Hill
without mining development.
While the paper suggests that surveys have potential to assist
a range of government decisions, examples also demonstrate the
care required to obtain results that are reasonably precise
and reliable.
7
Cardholm, Lucas. "Adding value to business performance through cost benefit analyses of information security investments : MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-238.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to present an approach for good practice with regards to using cost benefit analysis (CBA) as a value-adding activity in the information security investment process for large enterprises. The approach is supported by empirical data.
From a MIO model perspective, this report is focused on the phase of strategic choices regarding organization, i.e. trying to find optimal investments for efficient operations. To assess, improve and monitor the operational effectiveness and management’s internal control environment is essential in today’s business execution. Executive management and boards are increasingly looking for an information security governance framework that encompasses information technology and information security: a single framework through which all information assets and activities within the organisation can be governed, to provide the optimum capability for meeting the organisation’s objectives, in terms of functionality and security.
The investment decision is one of the most visible and controversial key decisions in an enterprise. Some projects are approved, others are bounced, and the rest enter the organisational equivalent of suspended animation with the dreaded request from the decision makers to “redo the business case” or “provide more information.”
The concept of cost benefit analyses of information security helps management to make decisions on which initiatives to fund with how much, as there needs to be an approach for measuring and comparing different alternatives and how they meet business objectives of the enterprise. Non-financial metrics are identified using different approaches: governance effectiveness, risk analysis, business case analysis or game theory. The financial performance metrics are driven by the main value disciplines of an enterprise. These lead to the use of formulas enabling the measurement of asset utilisation, profit or growth: ROI (ROIC), NPV, IRR (MIRR), FCF, DCF, Payback Period, TCO, TBO, EVA, and ROSI.
The author shows research in the field of good corporate governance and the investment approval process, as well as case studies from two multinational enterprises. The case from Motorola demonstrates how IT governance principles are equally applicable to information security governance, while the case from Ericsson demonstrates how an information security investment decision can be supported by performing a cost benefit analysis using traditional marketing approaches of business case analysis (BCA) and standard financial calculations.
The suggested good practice presented in this thesis is summarised in four steps:
1. Understand main rationale for the security investment
2. Identify stakeholders and strategic goals
3. Perform Cost Benefit Analysis (non-financial and financial performance metrics)
4. Validate that the results are relevant to stakeholders and strategic goals
DISCLAIMER
This report is intended for academic training only and should not be used for any other purposes. The contents are not to be considered legal or otherwise professional advice. No liability is taken, whatsoever, by the author.
8
Ogunlade, Abimbola Adegoke. "Comparative cost-benefit analysis of renewable energy resources for rural community development in Nigeria / A.A. Ogunlade." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2646.
Full textAbstract:
Rural development by means of providing uninterruptible power supply has become a priority among developing countries. Nigeria especially has on its top agenda the mandate to provide clean and cost-effective means of energy to the rural communities, hardest hit by wave of incessant outages of electricity supply. Renewable Energy (RE), a clean form of energy that can be derived from natural sources is widely available throughout Nigeria but is not harnessed.
In this dissertation a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) framework is proposed for renewable energy towards rural community development in Nigeria as indicated in the 18-point recommendations of Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN). Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis tool is formulated and developed from the CBA framework in order to analyze comparatively the costs and intangible benefits of renewable energy projects for rural application. A case study demonstrating the working methodology of the proposed framework is presented in order to establish the cost-benefit components by assessing the comparative cost-benefit analysis of RE at a rural site of Nigeria.
Erinjiyan Ekiti rural area is located for CBA assessment with three RE resources (solar, wind and small hydro) selected for consideration. Through the application of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the respondents' willingness to pay for RE supply is obtained and RE benefits in monetary terms computed. Using three economic decision criteria namely: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR); the three RE resources are ranked according to their economic viability.
The result of the analysis provides useful insight to investors and decision makers into how RE projects in rural community should be conducted. Foremost, it is revealed that all three RE options will be economically viable if implemented, though adequate caution must be taken when making a decision. Based on the CBA assessment, the Small-Hydro Power (SHP) option is ranked as the most viable option. However, this is swiftly negated if RE social impact, such as the spiritual belief of the rural dwellers, who rely on the only potential river as a medium of communication with their ancestors, are taken into consideration. Furthermore, a sensitivity assessment of the three RE options revealed that only solar photovoltaic (PV) option is marginally viable, thus turns negative upon an assumed increase in discount rate of only 17%.
Herein, the proposed CBA framework provides a useful insight into an efficient method of appraising RE projects in rural communities. A CBA simulation tool is formulated and adapted from the CBA framework to enable quicker, reliable and automated means of assessing RE projects with a view to making wise investment decision.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
9
Andersson, David, and Simon Robertsson. "Intelligent Transportation Systems : Capturing the socio-economic value of uncertain and flexible investments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322388.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to evaluate an alternative socio-economical valuation method (i.e., Hybrid Real Options, HRO) to the traditional benefit cost method (CBA) for the evaluation of investments within Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The proposed alternative method will be evaluated by the use of a case study where it is applied and compared to the results of the traditional method. The case study evaluates the socio-economical effects of an investment in Variable Speed Limits along a section of the motorway E18. The results of the study shows that the choice of evaluation methods affects both the investment strategy and the estimated socio-economical benefits of the investment. Using the HRO method yields twice as high socio-economical benefits compared to the CBA method. The main reason for this being that HRO account for risk and uncertainties wheras CBA only accounts for the most probable outcome of the investment. The choice of method is a complex task that involves many stakeholders however a more critical approach to the choice of socio-economical evaluation method is advocated based on the results of this study.
10
Akofio-Sowah, Margaret-Avis. "Quantifying the benefits of ancillary transportation asset management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42911.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, transportation asset management has focused on roadways and bridges, but more recently, many agencies are looking to extend their programs to ancillary assets such as traffic signs and guardrails. This thesis investigates the state of practice of managing these assets in order to assess the data and system needs for successful program implementation, and further reviews the opportunities for making a business case for formal management procedures based on quantified benefits of managing ancillary assets. The asset classes, selected from a review of asset management literature, include culverts, earth retaining structures, guardrails, mitigation features, pavement markings, sidewalks and curbs, street lights, traffic signals, traffic signs and utilities and manholes, with data as an information asset. Findings from a literature review showed that a number of agencies have made substantial efforts to manage their ancillary transportation assets; however, methods and practices vary. Specific state and municipal agencies identified from the literature review were surveyed for further details on their practices. The survey results show significant knowledge gaps in data collection cost estimates, and cost savings from the implementation of a transportation asset management program for ancillary assets. Finally, this work evaluates the opportunities to quantify the benefits of ancillary transportation asset management, indicating several challenges due to a lack of the data needed. The results obtained highlight the current state of practice, revealing opportunities and challenges for improving the management of ancillary transportation assets.
11
Granit, Jakob. "The Collective Action Dilemma in Managing Transboundary Freshwaters : An Analysis of an Outcome-Driven Framework." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74964.
Full textAbstract:
It is recognised by society that freshwater resources play a major role in economic development and in maintaining life supporting ecosystems services. Transboundary river basins cover about 45% of the earth’s land surface and their governance is therefore of critical importance. Transboundary freshwater resources are considered a common-pool resource. Collective action is therefore needed in order to supply both public and private goods from these resources but is yet in short supply. This thesis intends to analyse a complementary framework to the common Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach with the objective of enhancing investments in collective action to address this dilemma. Results indicate that transboundary water resources management in itself can be identified as a regional public good. The results also indicate that IWRM has been promoted as a standard management concept; often without first having identified and agreed the objectives of the intended multiple uses of water. Outcomes related to IWRM at the transboundary scale are therefore difficult to identify and evidence points towards continued water quality degradation at a global scale and development opportunities not achieved. Two different tools for how to assess the generation of benefits from cooperation are presented in this thesis including an institutional assessment framework adapted to transboundary institutions. Together these steps make up an outcome-driven approach that clarifies the value of water in all management and development stages. Through such an outcome-driven approach, water issues can provide the incentives necessary in order to identify cooperative paths and thus become important factors in negotiations to establish effective regional governance regimes. This would take the broader political, economic and geographical context into consideration thus supporting a process towards more integration of interests between countries.
12
Stašek, Jakub. "Analýza nákladů a užitků veřejného projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225582.
Full textAbstract:
The Master´s thesis is focus on analysis of costs and benefits of public projects. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical, which describes each points of CBA analysis and public project. The second part of the thesis is practical. It is focus on CBA analysis of the specific public project.
13
Weerathunga, Lahiru. "ANALYSIS FOR AN ECONOMICALLY SUITABLE COAL TO PUTTALAM COAL POWER STATION TO RUN THE PLANT IN FULL LOAD CAPACITY." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16344.
Full textAbstract:
Sri Lanka is an island at the Indian Ocean with 65234 km2 and it has a power demand of 2000 MW. The hydro power was the main power source before year 2000, after maximum usage of hydro power Sri Lanka installed fossil fuel power plant to achieve the demand. Then the electricity price gradually increased due to higher increment of fuel price. As the solution for this higher price of electricity the government has to go to new profitable power source the coal power. Finally year 2011 Puttalam coal power plant 300 MW x 1 was installed with the hope of providing the low cost reliable energy supply to Sri Lanka and it will be extended to 300MW x 3 plan in year 2015. Therefore the puttalam coal power plant is the key power plant to the Sri Lankan power generation and it is expected to have the maximum output (base load) to the Power demand of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a tropical country and it has two different weather seasons as rainy season and dry season. The puttalam power plant situated at Kalpitiya peninsula and it has normally dry weather condition, Months of April, October November and December have heavy rain condition (Meteorological Department, Sri Lanka, 2012). The puttalam coal power plant may not achieve full load because of high moisture content at rainy season. So this Thesis carried out to find the capability to achieve the full load with available plant, plant capacity by using different coal qualities. Then find the economical benefits and effect on the environment with the recommended coal for different seasons and also design a storage plan to coal storage at existing coal yard. Based on the historical data and the Meteorological department rain fall data and by doing a technical analysis the recommended coal type was selected and the capability of plant equipment capacity to the recommended coal to achieve the full load was analyzed. Then the coal storage plan was designed according to annual requirement of the different recommended coal and economical benefit was analyzed by considering last year cost for generated power and the generation cost, if recommended coal is used for last year. Finally flue gas analysis was carried out for the recommended coal to find the effect on the environment. The recommended coal for rainy season is with the heating value of 6600 kcal/kg and for dry season it is 6300 kcal/kg. The capacities of main boiler and other plant equipments are capable for the recommended coal to achieve the full load of the plant. Then the design of the coal storage plan was given under figure 4.2 and table 4.1. It was calculated that a profit of 3.932 million US$ can be achieved by using the recommended coal for the last year and also when compared with the changing price of oil and coal it will be more profitable for the future. Because the oil price increases very rapidly and the increase in coal price is very low compared to the oil price. Finally the SOx and NOx emissions from recommended coal were analyzed and it was within the environmental limits because of the high quality emission reduction plant equipments.
14
Sund, Björn. "Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.
Full textAbstract:
The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.
15
Liljekvist, Markus, and Daniel Andersson. "Kostnad-/nyttoanalys av bergtekniska förundersökningar med statistisk datavärdesanalys." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82089.
Full textAbstract:
Många infrastrukturprojekt involverar byggnation i berg där det alltid finns osäkerheter att hantera, dessa kan minskas genom att utföra fler undersökningar. Eftersom förundersökningar i berg är relativt dyra gäller det att hitta en balans där fältprogrammet är ekonomiskt försvarbart. Ett området som studerats det senaste åren är att utreda kostnadsnyttan som förundersökningarna tillför. Metoden som har utvecklats kallas datavärdesanalys och används för att kunna bedöma kostnadsnyttan av att utföra ytterligare förundersökningar innan de är utförda. Syfte med studien är att utvärdera kostnadsnyttan av ytterligare förundersökningar för en injekterings- och bergförstärkningsdesign i ett riktigt bergbyggnadsprojekt. Detta kommer att göras med en utvecklad statistisk metod av datavärdesanalysen. Förväntade resultat från studien var: Undersöka hur insamlad data från tidigare förundersökningar i projektet kan användas för att bedöma sannolikheterna i datavärdesanalysen. Utveckla datavärdesanalysen för att vara tillämpbar i ett bergbyggnadsprojekt. Testa metoden i ett byggprojekt med riktig data och kostnader. Utvärdera om den framtagna metoden är tillämpbar i ett bergbyggnadsprojekt. I studien upprättades först två olika typdesigner för injekteringen och bergförstärkningen, baserat på en begränsad mängd data som fanns tillgänglig för en utvald sektion (fall 1). Mängden data som var tillgänglig i fall 1 är liknande som i en förstudie. Sedan upprättades två nya typdesigner för vardera område där kompletterande information från högkvalitativ data från kärnborrhål, hammarborrhål och vattenförlustmätning adderades (fall 2). Sannolikheterna i datavärdesanalysen bedömdes genom att använda en statistik metod. Den statistiska metoden baserades på en monte carlo simulering där stupningen på brottet antogs variera för bergförstärkningen och konduktiviteten antogs variera för injekteringen. Studien påvisade goda resultat för att datavärdesanalyser skulle kunna implementeras i projekt som ett beslutsunderlag. Problematiken som kan uppstå i projekt där man har olika åsikter om hur mycket förundersökningar som behövs skulle kunna elimineras genom att använda datavärdesanalyser på den tillgängliga informationen samt nyttan av mer information. Detta är viktigt ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv. Det är dock viktigt att personen som använder verktyget förstår hur metoden är uppbyggd och dess antaganden. Gör man inte det finns det stor risk att beslut fattas på grund av felaktigheter som kan finnas i både indata och misstolkad utdata. Vidare rekommenderas att metoden utvecklas innan den används i ett riktigt projekt. Exempel på detta kan vara att göra mindre antaganden. Det kan också vara att försöka koppla datavärdesanalysen till var man har utfört undersökningen på sträckan man studerar. Man skulle även kunna inkludera fler parametrar i sin monte carlo simulering. Slutligen kan man, för att göra metoden mer användarvänlig, skapa en bättre plattform som den kan användas på.Many infrastructure projects involve construction in rock, where there are a lot of uncertainties to deal with. These uncertainties can be reduced by performing preliminary investigations. Since preliminary investigations are expensive, it is necessary to find a balance where the field program is financially justifiable. In recent years cost-benefit analysis has been studied to investigate the benefits that preliminary investigations add. The method that has been developed is called value of information analysis and it assesses the cost-benefit of doing more investigations before they are performed. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the benefits of additional preliminary investigations in a real project that could improve the grouting and rock support designs. The studied method is VOIA (Value of Information Analysis) based on statistical probabilities. The expected result of the study was: Investigate how collected data from preliminary investigations can be used to determine the probabilities used in the VOIA concept based on statistics. Develop a VOIA concept that is based on statistics and can be applied in a real project. Test the concept in a real project with real data and costs. Evaluate however the statistical approach was suitable to be applied in a real project. First part of the study consists of establishing two basic designs for grouting and rock support, that is based on a limited amount of information for a certain section of the project (case 1). The data available in case 1 is similar to a desk study. For the second part of the study the previous designs were updated and adjusted according to the additional information, from high quality investigations such as core drilling and water pressure test (case 2). The probabilities in the value of information analysis were evaluated using a statistical approach. The method was based on a monte carlo simulation where the dip of the plane was assumed to vary for the reinforcement design. For the grouting design the conductivity was assumed to vary. Conclusions from this report proves that a statistical approach for the VOIA concept has great possibilities of being applied in projects as a tool before making decisions regarding preliminary investigations. The problem that often occur in projects today concerning different opinions about the amount of investigations needed, could be eliminated if a well constructed statistical model can be used that has the possibility of adjusting to the amount of available data. This would be beneficial from a socioeconomic perspective. However it's important that the user of this approach understand the purpose of every assumption and understands how to interpret the output data. Otherwise, decisions can be based on errors made by assumptions or bad input data. Furthermore, recommendations is presented in this report regarding some areas that need to be developed before it is suitable to apply the method in a real project. One is to construct the VOIA concept based on fewer assumptions. Another is to connect the VOIA method to the geographical point of where the investigations have been made. There is also a possibility to include more parameters in the monte carlo simulation. Finally, to construct a more applicable tool in a project, a user friendly platform to conduct the analysis from is a great area to develop.
16
Rokošová, Lucie. "Náklady a výnosy alkoholové prohibice v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193337.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis compares the profits and costs of the prohibition adopted in the Czech Republic during September 2012. The prohibition that lasted two weeks was a reaction of the Czech government on series of intoxication due to the proof of toxic methanol. The thesis detects, based on the comparison of the value of saved lives and costs that the prohibition cause, the effectivity of the government interference on the market oriented economy. The profits of the prohibition are defined as a value of saved lives of people, who would die because of the intoxication if the prohibition would not be adopted. The value of the human life is defined by DALY (disability-adjusted life years), the willingness to pay for prolongation of own life and the amount of potential juridical refunds. The costs of the prohibition are formulated as a value of unsold goods and services. Diploma thesis considers also impact of prohibition on tax collection. We can state that, based on the cost-benefit analysis, the adopted prohibition was economically effective.
17
Bush, Glenn K. "The economic value of Albertine Rift Forests : applications in policy and programming." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2309.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to quantitatively understand the economic performance of protected area management strategies for forest and biodiversity conservation. Examples such as integrated conservation and development and eco tourism are assessed in terms of their ability to deliver on welfare benefits to local communities, and an assessment of the opportunity costs of forest conservation as a land use strategy. In addition the contribution of forest conservation in protected areas can make to poverty alleviation and economic development is also examined. The geographical focus of this study is the Albertine Rift region of East and Central Africa, stretching north from the southern end of Lake Tanganyika through the spine of Africa to the northern end of Lake Albert. The Albertine Rift is one of Africa’s most important landscapes for the conservation of forests and biodiversity. The overarching objective is addressed using a series of case studies empirically valuing the opportunity costs of conserving forests in a selection of sites in the central part of the Albertine Rift. The success of conservation is most often measured against progress in reducing habitat or species loss and not often in terms of the contribution of the protected area to poverty alleviation and local economic development. Achieving improvements of conservation strategies in the social dimension requires objective evidence on their effects. Economic valuation of protected area resources provides a quantitative means of assessing the promise and performance of conservation policies in achieving welfare benefits to local communities. This thesis provides three case studies each addressing current valuation and social issues in conservation and sets them in a context of managing protected areas in the broad dynamic setting of poverty alleviation and economic growth from a developing economy perspective. In addition two of the empirical studies are as concerned with methodological enquiry and the performance of novel environmental economic valuation techniques, such as the contingent valuation and choice modelling approaches, as the application of results to conservation questions. The empirical studies show that the benefits to local households and communities from their local forests may be greater than at first perceived. Across all protected area categories, biomes and income groups, households derived significant amounts of their overall income from their local protected area with large proportions of the value of goods harvested from forests being consumed in the home. Amongst income groups high income households often appropriated a greater share of the value of forest goods. There was no significant difference found between the household consumption and the sale of protected area products between income groups. The findings indicate that imposing reductions in forest use may increase poverty amongst local people whilst increasing household income will not necessarily reduce forest exploitation. This indicates that community conservation and integrated conservation and development programmes must target the poor forest adjacent households more actively to ensure poverty alleviation, whilst providing improved protection and law enforcement for effective conservation. It is also shown that biodiversity conservation can have an economic return through mountain gorilla eco-tourism. Findings show a disparity between what constitutes eco-tourism and the real values of tourists towards biodiversity conservation and local social benefits from protected areas. Despite showing a high marginal utility for biodiversity conservation, consumers are unwilling to pay for local community benefits from tourism as part of the permit price to view gorillas. Clearly the link between successful conservation and the welfare status of local communities is not sufficiently established in the minds of consumers to influence their spending decisions. The challenges of effectively mobilising communities to protect biodiversity are discussed in the context of the variable impacts of integrated conservation and development programs over the last three decades. Direct payment payments for conservation services schemes are discussed as an innovative tool to add to the gamut of community approaches currently on offer. Payments for conservation schemes are viewed with cautious optimism in terms of their possibility for success. Despite their allure of being more economically and socially efficient at achieving welfare and conservation objectives, given the complex nature of any society, no less research in to social and economic dynamics of protected area use by local communities would be needed to ensure success of such schemes. However, the overwhelming majority of benefits form protected areas are tied up in ecosystem services values. Mechanisms to generate funding and distribute payments for these benefits in terms of offsetting the local opportunity costs are essential to change local behavior and reduce forest degradation and destruction.
18
Peñalver, Rojo Domingo. "Intergenerational redistributive effects due to the financing formula of investments in transport infrastructure : a microeconomic analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667464.
Full textAbstract:
Investments in major transport infrastructure projects involve a significant mobilisation of
economic resources both for construction and operation. In these projects, to assess the
efficiency of the resources used, decision-makers usually use cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This key element of welfare economics is carried out taking into account the effects for society as a whole. Social welfare is thus measured independently of who are the components of society receiving the benefits or suffering the costs. However, besides the best use of resources, which should be always ensured, transport projects often have other objectives. These objectives, which are ideally defined by the political programs of elected decision-makers, often involve redistributive effects. Favouring the economic development of less advanced regions is, for instance, an argument that is used to justify territorial biases in investment.
Practitioners have increasingly tried to identify redistributive effects to both create awareness of their existence and to quantify them in order to incorporate them rigorously in project appraisal. Intergenerational redistributive effects due to the financial scheme adopted for the project are a kind of redistributive effects that has neither been properly highlighted nor researched until now. The actual payments to cover the costs of projects unfolding over long timespans depend on the financing formula chosen and affect taxpayers and/or users of different generations. When transport investments are directly covered by the annual budgets of public administrations, they are paid by the taxpayers of the construction period but benefit users that will live in decades ahead. However, if the project is financed through loans, their payment schedule will define a very different financial time-profile. Relating the payments profile with the benefits produced by the project, which occur over its life cycle, can indicate the fairness of the distribution of expenditure and benefits across the successive generations affected by the project.
At microeconomic level, intergenerational impacts have been discussed, often with insufficient rigor, in relation to environmental sustainability and mostly regarding the appropriate discount rate to be applied in CBA. However, the financial structuring of the project could have a much stronger impact on a project’s legacy. The issue of the long-term implications of financial decisions is illustrated, at a broader macroeconomic level, by the problems of public debt confronted by many countries.
In this work the redistributive effects of transport investment projects are analysed, though the major contribution is the development of the “Intergenerational Redistributive Effects Model” (IREM). This microeconomic model allows performing an analysis of intergenerational impact for both major project of transport infrastructure and integrated investment programmes that is useful to obtain indicators of their utility for the successive (overlapped) generations concerned.
Decision makers and financiers may use the IREM’s outputs when proposing a financial
montage for a project and deciding the participation of private stakeholders and the contribution of users in it. They also can use the IREM’s indicators as insights to establish the most convenient financial montage to carry out a project.
In synthesis, what is presented, developed and tested is a tool to characterise the
intergenerational impacts from major transport investment. These effects should be included in the wide concept of project sustainability but have, until now, been disregarded in spite of their importance for decision makers and financiers.Las inversiones en grandes proyectos de infraestructura de transporte comportan una movilización significativa de recursos económicos. Para analizar si se realiza un uso eficiente de estos recursos, los responsables de la toma de decisiones suelen evaluar la rentabilidad socieconómica de la inversión mediante un análisis coste-beneficio (ACB). Este análisis se lleva a cabo teniendo en cuenta los efectos del proyecto para la sociedad en su conjunto, sin tener en cuenta quiénes reciben los beneficios y quiénes sufren los costos. Sin embargo, las grandes inversiones en proyectos de transporte a menudo persiguen favorecer ciertos grupos sociales, territorios, etc. Estos objetivos, idealmente establecidos en los programas políticos de los responsables de la toma de decisiones, a menudo implican efectos redistributivos. Los efectos redistributivos de carácter social, territorial y medioambiental se han tratado de identificar tanto para crear conciencia de su existencia como con el fin de incorporarlos rigurosamente a la evaluación del proyecto. Sin embargo, los efectos redistributivos de carácter intergeneracional derivados de la fórmula de financiación utilizada para llevar a cabo el proyecto han pasado relativamente desapercibidos hasta ahora. Los pagos que se realizan para sufragar los costos de los proyectos dependen del montaje financiero finalmente empleado. En este sentido, si se recurre a préstamos a muy largo plazo, serán los contribuyentes y/o usuarios de diferentes generaciones quienes terminarán soportando la carga financiera del proyecto. Pero si la inversión principal se sufraga directamente con los presupuestos anuales de las administraciones públicas, la carga financiera recaerá en los contribuyentes del período de construcción mientras usuarios que vivirán en las próximas décadas se benefician de los efectos positivos del proyecto. Relacionar el perfil temporal de pagos y beneficios a lo largo del ciclo de vida del proyecto permite obtener información acerca si existe un cierto equilibrio entre la distribución de la carga financiera y los beneficios que obtienen las generaciones sucesivas afectadas por el proyecto. A nivel microeconómico, se han discutido los impactos intergeneracionales, a menudo con un rigor insuficiente, en relación con la sostenibilidad ambiental y, principalmente, con respecto a la tasa de descuento de aplicación al ACB. Sin embargo, la estructuración financiera del proyecto podría tener un impacto mucho mayor en su legado. El problema de las consecuencias a largo plazo de las decisiones financieras se ilustra, a nivel macroeconómico, por los problemas de la deuda pública que enfrentan muchos países. En este trabajo se analizan y clasifican por primera vez los distintos efectos redistributivos asociados a los grandes proyectos de inversión en infraestructuras de transporte. La mayor contribución de esta tesis es, sin embargo, el desarrollo de una herramienta de análisis denominada "Ingergenerational Redistributive Effects Model¿ (IREM). El modelo ofrece una serie de indicadores estandarizados que son útiles para evaluar la conveniencia de la inversión desde la perspectiva de las sucesivas generaciones involucradas y, además, permite establecer hasta que punto la fórmula de financiación empleada es adecuada o no teniendo en cuenta los potenciales efectos redistributivos intergeneracionales que provoca. En síntesis, esta tesis doctoral presenta, desarrolla y pone en práctica una herramienta que permite caracterizar los impactos intergeneracionales de las principales inversiones en transporte. Estos impactos deberían incluirse en el amplio concepto de sostenibilidad del proyecto, aunque hasta ahora han pasado desapercibidos tanto para los responsables de la toma de decisiones como para los agentes financieros.
19
Bengtsson, Anna. "Monetär värdering av effekter från transportprojekt : En fallstudie med fokus på Trafikverkets väginvesteringar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29099.
Full textAbstract:
Ett företag som ska välja mellan olika investeringsalternativ kan använda sig av nettonuvärdesmetoden för att beräkna vilken investering som anses mest lönsam. För att genomföra uträkningen prognostiseras framtida positiva kassaflöden som investeringen förväntas generera. Nettonuvärdesmetoden kan även användas vid bedömningar av infrastrukturinvesteringar men för den offentliga sektorn är de positiva kassaflödena inte lika frekventa i investeringsprocessen. För den offentliga sektorn är det istället befolkningens nytta av en investering som värderas. Nyttan är från början kvalitativ och värderas monetärt med hjälp av kalkylvärden, kalkylprinciper, trafikprognoser och andra verktyg. En monetär värdering av nytta gör att en nettonuvärdesuträkning blir möjlig. För att genomföra omformuleringen används en metod som kallas Cost-Benefit Analysis. Genom metoden identifieras de kvalitativa effekterna av en investering för att de sedan ska kunna kvantifieras. Studiens undersökningsenhet är Trafikverket som utvecklar och underhåller det Svenska transportsystemet. Studien har identifierat vilka värden Trafikverket kvantifierar i sin nettonuvärdesuträkning, vilka faktorer som ligger bakom värderingen och hur kvantifieringen går till. Det är nyttan i form av sparad tid, trafiksäkerhet och konsekvenser för miljö som kvantifieras. Undersökningen har skett genom insamling av teori i form av vetenskapliga artiklar samt rapporter och den empiriska utgångspunkten har varit de rekommendationer och den beräkningsmetodik som Trafikverket använder sig av vid den monetära värderingen. Värderingen av nytta som genereras av en investering är beroende av befolkningens betalningsvilja för ökad nytta. Det är den betalningsviljan som är grunden för de rekommendationer som Trafikverket följer. Resultatet har visat de faktorer som är grunden för värderingen, vilka värden som kvantifieras och hur kvantifieringen är möjlig, för att Trafikverket ska kunna använda nettonuvärdesmetoden för att göra en bedömning angående ett investeringsalternativ.When a company decides which project to invest in among different alternatives they can use the net present value method. The method uses the expected generation of cash flow from the different investments in order to determine which investment would generate the most profit for the company. The net present value method can also be used by the public sector to decide between different projects. The public sector does not consider the same aspects with regards to cash flows as companies. The public sector calculates future cash flows in terms of benefits and costs for the countries population. The benefits from an investment are qualitative from the start and need to be monetized in order to be used in the net present value calculation. The quantification of the qualitative effects is accomplished though calculation values, calculation principles, traffic forecasts and other applications. To be able to facilitate the transformation the public sector can use a method called Cost-Benefit Analysis. The method makes it possible to identify the qualitative effects of an investment and then translate the effects to quantity values. A case study has been made with the Swedish Transport Administration as investigation unit, which is the organization that develops and maintains the Swedish transportation system. The case study has resulted in an identification of which values the Swedish Transport Administration decides to monetize, which aspects the values depends on and how the monetization is made. It is the benefits of saved travel time, value of a statistical life and environmental effects that are monetized. The theoretical part of the study is composed of scientific journals and reports. The empirical part of the study has been founded in the different recommendations and calculation methods which the Swedish Transport Administration uses to perform the monetization. The valuation of the benefits generated from a project is dependent on the populations’ willingness to pay for it. It is the willingness to pay which is the foundation of the recommendations which the Swedish Transport Administration adhere to. The results have shown the different aspects which are the foundation for the valuation. The results have also shown which values are quantified and how the quantification is possible to enable the Swedish Transport Administration to use the net present value method in order to judge different investment alternatives.
20
Stéphan, Maïté. "Fiabilité du temps de transport : Mesures, valorisation monétaire et intégration dans le calcul économique public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD072/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse aborde la question de la fiabilité du temps de transport. L’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport trouve ses sources dans le fait que, dans bien des situations, le temps de transport n’est pas certain, mais aléatoire. De nombreux évènements peuvent en effet modifier le temps de transport prévu par les opérateurs ou espéré par les usagers. Par ailleurs, lors de l’évaluation socioéconomique de projets d’investissement en infrastructure de transport, il peut exister un arbitrage entre gain de temps et gain de fiabilité. Or, comme la fiabilité est encore à l’heure actuelle, difficilement intégrable dans ce type d’évaluation, ces projets d’investissement voient leur rentabilité collective sous-estimée conduisant à leurs reports. Il émerge ainsi trois problématiques majeures relatives à l’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport : sa mesure, sa valorisation monétaire (i.e. la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport) et enfin, sa prise en compte dans les analyses coûts-avantages. Un premier chapitre permet d’adapter les mesures usuelles de la fiabilité du temps de transport appliquées dans le cadre du transport routier, aux modes de transport collectif (fer et aérien plus particulièrement). Nous proposons également une nouvelle mesure de la fiabilité, le Delay-at-Risk (DaR) inspiré de la littérature financière. Le DaR est une transposition de la mesure de la Value-at-Risk (V aR) à l’économie des transports. Cette mesure est plus utile du point de vue des usagers pour la planification des trajets avec correspondance que les autres mesures. Le deuxième chapitre a pour principal objectif de déterminer la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport. Nous proposons un cadre théorique inspiré de la théorie de la décision en univers risqué à partir duquel nous définissons la préférence des individus à l’égard de la fiabilité (i.e. reliabilityproneness) ainsi que la prudence. Nous développons des nouvelles mesures de la fiabilité du temps de transport, exprimées comme des primes de risque : la reliability-premium et la V OR. La reliability-premium détermine le temps de transport maximum supplémentaire qu’un individu est prêt à accepter pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. La V OR, quant à elle, se définit comme la disposition maximale à payer d’un individu pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. Par ailleurs, nous établissons également les conséquences sur la valeur du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR), de la prise en considération de l’attitude à l’égard du risque sur le temps de transport des usagers (aversion et prudence). Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse a pour objet d’intégrer la fiabilité dans les évaluations socioéconomiques de projet d’investissement et plus particulièrement dans la détermination du surplus des usagers. Nous mettonsen exergue un effet de diffusion des gains de fiabilité par rapport aux gains de temps. Ainsi, nous proposons des recommandations quant à l’arbitrage entre les projets générateurs de gain de temps et de gain de fiabilité en fonction des valeurs monétaires du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR)This thesis deals with the issue of travel time reliability. The study of travel time reliability emerges from the fact that in many situations, travel time is random. Many events can change the travel time forecasted by operators or expected by users. Moreover, a tradeoff may exist between time and reliability benefits when evaluating socio economic appraisal of transport infrastructure. However, since reliability is still difficult to integrate in this type of evaluation, investment projects’ collective profitability is underestimated and often postponed. Thus, three main issues of travel time reliability analysis emerge: measurement, monetary valuation and implication for cost benefit analysis. This thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter adapts the measure of travel time reliability typically used in the road transport context to the collective modes (rail and air, in particular). We also develop a new reliability measure: the Delay-at-Risk (DaR). DaR is an implementation of the Value-at-Risk (V aR) measure into the transport economic framework. The DaR seem to be relevant and understandable information for the users, especially to plan their travel and avoid missing their connections. The main objective of the second chapter is to define the users’ willingness to pay to improve travel time reliability. We present a theoretical framework based on decision theory under risk. We introduce the concept of reliability-proneness (i.e. travel time risk aversion) and prudence. We develop new measures of travel time reliability expressed as risk premium: the reliability-premium and V OR. The reliability-premium is the maximum amount of additional travel time that an individual is willing to accept to escape all the risk of travel time. The V OR is defined as the maximum monetary amount that an individual is willing to pay to escape all the risk of travel time. Furthermore, we also establish the link with attitudes towards risks of travel time (aversion and prudence) and the impact of the value of travel time (V TTS) and the value of reliability (V OR). The final chapter of this thesis integrates reliability in investments project’s socioeconomic appraisal. More particularly, it allows to determine users’ surplus valuation. We highlight a diffusion effect of reliability benefits with regard to travel time benefits. Thus, we propose recommendations regarding the tradeoff between projects that generate time benefits compared with reliability benefits, according to the monetary values of travel time(V TTS) and reliability (V OR)
21
Edfeldt, Johan, and Edfeldt Linn Petersson. "Should Sweden impose excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in order to improve public health?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14519.
Full textAbstract:
In recent time, several reports have been published about a more and more unhealthy population world wide, with increasing Body Mass Index (BMI) in welfare countries, such as Sweden. Diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, which is strongly connected to a high BMI, have increased and together with them also the medical expenses for society/state. Several initiatives have been started, in different countries, to tackle these problems and some have introduced a “sugar tax” on unhealthy products, like candy and soda, which has become a well- debated subject also in Sweden today. In this MBA master thesis, a literature study has been conducted with the goal of evaluating if an excise tax should be introduced in an efficient way on unhealthy sugar-sweetened beverages in Sweden. This case study is built on secondary data where reports and official statistics, from governments and health authorities/organizations, have been studied both for Sweden as well as from other countries. There has been a particular focus on Sweden's neighbouring countries Denmark and Finland, who has both experiences in the implementation of a “sugar tax”. Our theory is that introducing an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages will reduce the demand and consumption of these products, which will reduce welfare disease such as obesity and diabetes and yield a tax income for the state. However it is important to have in mind that the reduced consumption also will result in less tax income from the no longer sold goods, fewer personnel employed in the producing industries etc. The results showed that the overall sugar consumption actually has decreased in Sweden, as well as the overall consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. However during the same time period the average calorie consumption and BMI has continued to increase resulting in a more unhealthy population that results in increased medical expenses. In conclusion an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages will not solve the welfare disease problems but may positively influence health. However it comes with a price also for the state from both gains and loss in tax incomes and increased administrations costs for managing the new tax. Finally it should be noted that since sugar-sweetened beverages are unhealthy products, which do not contribute to any positive health effects, sugar taxation might still be considered.
22
Balogová, Kristina. "Ekonomické hodnocení veřejného investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409880.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the economic evaluation of optimalization of transport infrastructure. Aim of the thesis is to define problematics of economical evaluation of public investment projects and It’s specifics. In analytical part It describes theme of public sector, project life cycle, cost output methods and transport infrastructure evaluation. In the practical part, the project is analysed in the original variant and in case of project suspension for one year. Furthermore, there are perfomed evaluation analyses by sensitivity and quantitative analyzes for both variants.
23
Schach, Rainer, and Manuel Hentschel. "Grundlagen für die Nutzwertanalyse für Verstärkungen aus textilbewehrtem Beton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244049476991-75979.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen des Transferprojektes sollen baubetriebliche Rahmenbedingungen und Kennwerte, die zur Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Anwendung des Verfahrens geeignet sind, erarbeitet werden. Untersucht werden soll die Applikation von textilbewehrtem Beton im Bereich der Sanierung und Verstärkung von großflächigen Betonbauteilen. Generell können Bauaufgaben in sehr vielen Fällen durch verschiedene Bauverfahren realisiert werden, die sich regelmäßig hinsichtlich der Kosten, der benötigten Bauzeit aber auch hinsichtlich der gelieferten Qualität und des Einflusses auf die Umwelt unterscheiden. Aus baubetrieblicher Sicht wird traditionell über den kalkulatorischen Verfahrensvergleich jenes Verfahren ermittelt, mit dem die Realisierung am wirtschaftlichsten ausgeführt werden kann. Falls qualitative Kriterien beim Verfahrensvergleich mit berücksichtigt werden sollen, stehen verschiedene Methoden zur Auswahl. Der Begriff Nutzwertanalyse wird häufig als Synonym für diese nichtmonetären Bewertungsverfahren verwendet. In diesem Sinne ist auch der Titel des Beitrages zu verstehen. Die Grundlage bilden die baubetrieblichen Rahmenbedingungen, welche im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes bestimmt werden. Hierzu zählen unter anderem die Entwicklung einer Trockenmischung des zu verwendenden Betons aus der bisher verwendeten Standardrezeptur der TU Dresden und geeigneter Maschinen für die Applikation des textilbewehrten Betons.
24
Dvorská, Věra. "Získávání dotací z fondů EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222722.
Full textAbstract:
Annotation This Master’s thesis deals with obtaining grants from EU funds that are specified for railroad development in the Czech Republic – modernization, reconstruction, interconnection and making the railroad traffic accessible for the whole Europe. In parlance of the Czech Republic the word modernization means speeding up the trains. In my Master’s thesis I would like to describe you the way how to evaluate the efficiency of the project “Reconstruction of Railroad Station in Olomouc” by means of main economic indexes (IRR, BCR, NPV) and further familiarize you with the Benefit 7+ form used for raising money from EU structural funds. I also would like to introduce you the procedure of elaborating required scheme used in economic evaluation – cost and benefits analysis (CBA). This scheme is absolutely necessary in order to get the grants from abovementioned EU structural funds concerning any investment project in the Czech Republic.
25
Čevorová, Nina. "Problematika ROI v oblasti získávání a výběru zaměstnanců." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77881.
Full textAbstract:
The paper brings answers on the the question whether it is possible to measure the field of recruitment. Via quantifying the administrative process of recrutment, the paper reflects the savings of time and costs by using e-recruitment application (applicant tracking system ATS) and it searchs for the relationship between quality of hire and increase of company value and its profit.
26
Hanzelka, Michael. "VYUŽITÍ KONCEPTU CELOŽIVOTNÍ HODNOTY ZÁKAZNÍKA VE STRATEGICKÉM ŘÍZENÍ FIREM." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357002.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to define methods for measuring CLV in the segment of internal customers of companies operating in the financial market. It's about finding such a method to determine the value of internal customers to predict and measure whether an internal customer pays off to the company. The standalone task is to quantify the internal customer's contributions to the overall value of the company. The area of CLV determination for internal customers of the company is not described in the literature. From this point of view, the determination of CLV internal customers in the strategic management system will be a major scientific achievement. Similarly to external customers (markets), as well as internal customers express greater or lesser affinities with their behavior and performance, in the first case the brand and in the latter case the employer. Therefore, CLV modeling for internal customers requires qualified predictions and expressions of a whole range of both hard (eg, cash flow indicators) and Soft (indicators of qualitative research such as loyalty) of indicators and their use in the calculation of CLV internal customers. An important prerequisite for CLV for both internal customers is their segmentation.
27
Stéphan, Maïté. "Fiabilité du temps de transport : Mesures, valorisation monétaire et intégration dans le calcul économique public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD043/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse aborde la question de la fiabilité du temps de transport. L’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport trouve ses sources dans le fait que, dans biens des situations, le temps de transport n’est pas certain, mais aléatoire. De nombreux évènements peuvent en effet modifier le temps de transport prévu par les opérateurs ou espéré par les usagers. Par ailleurs, lors de l’évaluation socioéconomique de projets d’investissement en infrastructure de transport, il peut exister un arbitrage entre gain de temps et gain de fiabilité. Or, comme la fiabilité est encore à l’heure actuelle, difficilement intégrable dans ce type d’évaluation, ces projets d’investissement voient leur rentabilité collective sous-estimée conduisant à leurs reports. Il émerge ainsi trois problématiques majeures relatives à l’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport : sa mesure, sa valorisation monétaire (i.e. la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport) et enfin, sa prise en compte dans les analyses coûts-avantages. Un premier chapitre permet d’adapter les mesures usuelles de la fiabilité du temps de transport appliquées dans le cadre du transport routier, aux modes de transport collectif (fer et aérien plus particulièrement). Nous proposons également une nouvelle mesure de la fiabilité, le Delay-at-Risk (DaR) inspiré de la littérature financière. Le DaR est une transposition de la mesure de la Value-at-Risk (V aR) à l’économie des transports. Cette mesure est plus utile du point de vue des usagers pour la planification des trajets avec correspondance que les autres mesures. Le deuxième chapitre a pour principal objectif de déterminer la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport. Nous proposons un cadre théorique inspiré de la théorie de la décision en univers risqué à partir duquel nous définissons la préférence des individus à l’égard de la fiabilité (i.e. reliabilityproneness) ainsi que la prudence. Nous développons des nouvelles mesures de la fiabilité du temps de transport, exprimées comme des primes de risque : la reliability-premium et la V OR. La reliability-premium détermine le temps de transport maximum supplémentaire qu’un individu est prêt à accepter pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. La V OR, quant à elle, se définit comme la disposition maximale à payer d’un individu pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. Par ailleurs, nous établissons également les conséquences sur la valeur du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR), de la prise en considération de l’attitude à l’égard du risque sur le temps de transport des usagers (aversion et prudence). Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse a pour objet d’intégrer la fiabilité dans les évaluations socioéconomiques de projet d’investissement et plus particulièrement dans la détermination du surplus des usagers. Nous mettons en exergue un effet de diffusion des gains de fiabilité par rapport aux gains de temps. Ainsi, nous proposons des recommandations quant à l’arbitrage entre les projets générateurs de gain de temps et de gain de fiabilité en fonction des valeurs monétaires du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR)This thesis deals with the issue of travel time reliability. The study of travel time reliability emerges from the fact that in many situations, travel time is random. Many events can change the travel time forecasted by operators or expected by users. Moreover, a tradeoff may exist between time and reliability benefits when evaluating socio economic appraisal of transport infrastructure. However, since reliability is still difficult to integrate in this type of evaluation, investment projects’ collective profitability is underestimated and often postponed. Thus, three main issues of travel time reliability analysis emerge: measurement, monetary valuation and implication for cost benefit analysis. This thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter adapts the measure of travel time reliability typically used in the road transport context to the collective modes (rail and air, in particular). We also develop a new reliability measure: the Delay-at-Risk (DaR). DaR is an implementation of the Value-at-Risk (V aR) measure into the transport economic framework. The DaR seem to be relevant and understandable information for the users, especially to plan their travel and avoid missing their connections. The main objective of the second chapter is to define the users’ willingness to pay to improve travel time reliability. We present a theoretical framework based on decision theory under risk. We introduce the concept of reliability-proneness (i.e. travel time risk aversion) and prudence. We develop new measures of travel time reliability expressed as risk premium: the reliability-premium and V OR. The reliability-premium is the maximum amount of additional travel time that an individual is willing to accept to escape all the risk of travel time. The V OR is defined as the maximum monetary amount that an individual is willing to pay to escape all the risk of travel time. Furthermore, we also establish the link with attitudes towards risks of travel time (aversion and prudence) and the impact of the value of travel time (V TTS) and the value of reliability (V OR). The final chapter of this thesis integrates reliability in investments project’s socioeconomic appraisal. More particularly, it allows to determine users’ surplus valuation. We highlight a diffusion effect of reliability benefits with regard to travel time benefits. Thus, we propose recommendations regarding the tradeoff between projects that generate time benefits compared with reliability benefits, according to the monetary values of travel time (V TTS) and reliability (V OR)
28
Benson, Jonathan. "An epistemic theory of deliberative democracy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2019. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-epistemic-theory-of-deliberative-democracy(6583716a-470d-4b9e-b80e-44a1e71a4ff7).html.
Full textAbstract:
Democracy has been encountering an increasing number of critics. Whether it comes from a sympathy for autocrats, free-markets, or the more knowledgeable, this increasing democratic scepticism often takes an epistemic form. Democracy's critics argue that democratic procedures and institutions are unlikely to make good decisions or produce good outcomes in terms of justice or the common good, and should, therefore, be restricted if not completely rejected in favour of its more able alternatives. In the face of such scepticism, this thesis develops an epistemic theory of deliberative democracy. This theory has two principal aims. The first is to analyse and define the epistemic properties of deliberative democracy, and the second is to clarify the possible role epistemic values can play in a wider justification of democratic rule. In accordance with the first, the thesis analyses the ability of deliberative democratic institutions to make good or correct decisions in comparison to a broad range of prominent alternatives. These include traditional rivals such as autocracy and aristocracy, but also more modern and less considered alternatives such as free-markets, limited epistocracy and forms of technical calculation. Through these comparisons, it is argued that we have no good or clear epistemic reason to reject democracy. Deliberative democracy is found to be epistemically superior to many of its alternatives and epistemically equivalent to even its best competitors. The thesis, therefore, mounts a strong reply to democracy's epistemic sceptics. The analysis, however, also helps clarify which form of deliberative democracy is epistemically most valuable, pointing to the value systems approaches which give a prominent role to direct citizen deliberation. The epistemic theory of deliberative democracy also aims to clarify what role epistemic values can play in a wider justification of democratic rule. The thesis argues that deliberative democracy is epistemically superior to many of its rivals and no worse epistemically than even its best alternatives. This suggests that although epistemic values cannot mount a stand-alone defence of democracy, democrats would only be required to defend very weak non-epistemic values to produce a mixed justification. Far from being 'rule by the incompetent many' and therefore highly reliant on procedural values, the thesis will demonstrate that epistemic values can carry significant weight in an argument for democratic rule.
29
Sousa, Tanara Rosângela Vieira. "Ensaios em economia da saúde : o risco e o valor de uma vida estatística no caso dos acidentes de trânsito na cidade de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25785.
Full textAbstract:
Nesta tese são desenvolvidos três estudos sobre o risco associado aos acidentes de trânsito, com o objetivo de avaliar como a população o percebe, e o valor que estaria disposta a pagar para reduzi-lo. As análises foram feitas com duas diferentes metodologias econométricas e dois diferentes conjuntos de dados da população de Porto Alegre. O primeiro estudo procurou avaliar que fatores de risco contribuem para aumentar a gravidade dos acidentes de trânsito, utilizando dados de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos na cidade de Porto Alegre no período 2000-2008, através de modelos logit ordenados generalizados. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das vítimas feridas em acidentes de trânsito são condutores jovens, do sexo masculino e que estavam em motocicletas ou cujo acidente foi um choque contra obstáculos. Contudo, as vítimas fatais têm maior probabilidade de morte são os pedestres, com mais de 60 anos de idade. Os acidentes com maior gravidade ocorrem em maior proporção a noite ou finais de semana, em locais mais afastados do centro da cidade, o que sugere comportamento associado à alta velocidade e uso de substâncias psicoativas como álcool. Para os demais estudos utilizaram-se dados de um survey feito com a população de Porto Alegre em 2009. O segundo estudo avalia como as características sócio-demográficas, a experiência no trânsito e a informação recebida, afetam a percepção do risco e o comportamento no trânsito. Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos que tem risco maior de morte no trânsito subestimam seu próprio risco e vice-versa; e que os mais jovens têm maior percepção deste risco, assim como os que tiveram experiência de acidente de trânsito ou passam mais tempo expostos a ele. O risco do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas associado ao trânsito, no entanto é percebido maior pelos idosos, mulheres, não bebedores ou quem não tem comportamento de risco, assim como pelos que têm mais informação do risco. Da mesma maneira, o comportamento de risco no trânsito associado ao consumo de álcool está negativamente relacionado a percepção deste risco e a idade. O terceiro estudo estimou a disposição a pagar ( ) dos entrevistados pela redução no seu próprio risco de sofrer lesões em um acidente de trânsito e o valor de uma vida estatística ( ), utilizando modelos lineares e não-lineares ajustados através de uma transformação Box-Cox. Os resultados indicam que a esta relacionada de forma decrescente com a idade e com a não utilização de dispositivos de segurança, mas aumenta com a renda, o tempo de exposição ao trânsito, a experiência com acidentes, para as mulheres e para os que têm dependentes. O valor médio eliciado da para reduzir a zero o risco das lesões mais graves, que resultam em morte, implicou em de cerca de R$ 13,4 milhões (US$7,3 milhões) - valor menor, porém comparável ao encontrado para países desenvolvidos e em estudo para o Brasil.This thesis develops three studies on the risk associated with traffic accidents, in order to assess how people perceive it and the value they would be willing to pay to reduce it. The analysis was made with two different econometric methods and two different sets of data from Porto Alegre's population. The first study to assess at risk factors that contribute to increased severity of accidents, using data obtained from traffic accidents in the city of Porto Alegre between the years 2000 and 2008, and applying the generalized ordered logit. The results indicate that most of the victims injured in accidents are young drivers, males, motorcyclists and whose crash was a “collision with obstacles”. However, fatal victims have a different profile: they are pedestrians, over 60 years old. The most serious accidents occur in greater proportions at nights or weekends, at locations further away from the city center, which suggests behavior associated with high speed driving and the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol. The other two studies used data from a survey done with the population of Porto Alegre in 2009. The second study evaluates how socio-demographic characteristics, traffic experience and the information received about the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol, affect risk perception and behavior in the traffic. The results indicate that individuals who have greater risk of dying in traffic, underestimate their own risk and vice versa; and that young people as well as those who have been in an accident or those who spend a lot of time in traffic, have a greater perception of their risk. On the other hand, the risk of alcohol consumption associated with traffic, is perceived better by older people, women, non-drinkers, people without risky behavior, and those who are more aware of the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol. Similarly, risky behavior in traffic, related to alcohol consumption, is inversely proportional to perception of risk and to age. The third study estimated the respondents' willingness to pay ( ) for the reduction in their risk of suffering injuries in a traffic accident, as well as the value of a statistical life ( ), using linear and nonlinear models adjusted by the Box-Cox transformation. The results indicate that the decreases with age and with not using safety devices, but increases with income, exposure to traffic, and the accidents experience, for women and for those who have dependents. The average value elicited by to reduce to zero the risk of severe injuries that result in death, implied a of about R$13.4 million (US$ 7.3 million) - lower, but still a comparable value to that found in developed countries, and studied in Brazil.
30
Rovenská, Lenka. "Financování projektu veřejného zájmu prostřednictvím Public Private Partnership." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224173.
Full textAbstract:
The Diploma Thesis analyzes the possibilities of financing an existing project of public interest with the accent on financing in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP). The crucial part of theoretical knowledge presents the above mentioned financing option. The following part introduces the real project including cost analysis and the benefits from its realization. The last part is dedicated to the project realization and its evaluation.
31
Bångman, Gunnel. "Equity in welfare evaluations : The rationale for and effects of distributional weighting." Doctoral thesis, Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-309.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the issue of weighted cost-benefit analysis (WCBA). WCBA is a welfare evaluation model where income distribution effects are valued by distributional weighting. The method was developed already in the 1970s. The interest in and applications of this method have increased in the past decade, e.g. when evaluating of global environmental problems. There are, however, still unsolved problems regarding the application of this method. One such issue is the choice of the approach to the means of estimating of the distributional weights. The literature on WCBA suggests a couple of approaches, but gives no clues as to which one is the most appropriate one to use, either from a theoretical or from an empirical point of view. Accordingly, the choice of distributional weights may be an arbitrary one. In the first paper in this thesis, the consequences of the choice of distributional weights on project decisions have been studied. Different sets of distributional weights have been compared across a variety of strategically chosen income distribution effects. The distributional weights examined are those that correspond to the WCBA approaches commonly suggested in literature on the topic. The results indicate that the choice of distributional weights is of importance for the rank of projects only when the income distribution effects concern target populations with low incomes. The results also show that not only the mean income but also the span of incomes, of the target population of the income distribution effect, affects the result of the distributional weighting when applying very progressive non-linear distributional weights. This may cause the distributional weighting to indicate an income distribution effect even though the project effect is evenly distributed across the population.
One rational for distributional weighting, commonly referred to when applying WCBA, is that marginal utility of income is decreasing with income. In the second paper, this hypothesis is tested. My study contributes to this literature by employing stated preference data on compensated variation (CV) in a model flexible as to the functional form of the marginal utility. The results indicate that the marginal utility of income decreases linearly with income.
Under certain conditions, a decreasing marginal utility of income corresponds to risk aversion. Thus the hypothesis that marginal utility of income is decreasing with income can be tested by analyses of individuals’ behaviour in gambling situations. The third paper examines of the role of risk aversion, defined by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility function, for people’s concern about the problem of ‘sick’ buildings. The analysis is based on data on the willingness to pay (WTP) for having the indoor air quality (IAQ) at home examined and diagnosed by experts and the WTP for acquiring an IAQ at home that is guaranteed to be good. The results indicate that some of the households are willing to pay for an elimination of the uncertainty of the IAQ at home, even though they are not willing to pay for an elimination of the risks for building related ill health. The probability to pay, for an elimination of the uncertainty of the indoor air quality at home, only because of risk aversion is estimated to 0.3-0.4. Risk aversion seems to be a more common motive, for the decision to pay for a diagnosis of the IAQ at home, among young people.
Another rationale for distributional weighting, commonly referred to, is the existence of unselfish motives for economic behaviour, such as social inequality aversion or altruism. In the fourth paper the hypothesis that people have altruistic preferences, i.e. that they care about other people’s well being, is tested. The WTP for a public project, that ensures good indoor air quality in all buildings, have been measured in three different ways for three randomly drawn sub-samples, capturing different motives for economic behaviour (pure altruism, paternalism and selfishness). The significance of different questions, and different motives, is analysed using an independent samples test of the mean WTPs of the sub-samples, a chi-square test of the association between the WTP and the sample group membership and an econometric analysis of the decision to pay to the public project. No evidence for altruism, either pure altruism or paternalism, is found in this study.
32
Bergerová, Sandra. "Stanovení ekonomické efektivnosti podnikatelského záměru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227527.
Full textAbstract:
The diplome thesis deals with determination of economic efficiency of the project. This si a project of completion in the sports, recreation, hiking and biking. The theoretical part begins by a chapter describing preparation and implementation phases of the project. The following chapter is an overview of the methods that can be used to assess projects. The most of attention is given to the feasibility study as one of the methods for assessing projects. In the theoretical part is a list of indicators of evaluation of the project and a separated chapter with cost benefit analysis. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of the project, the assessment of cash flow and the resulting financial and economic evaluation of the project.
33
Bianchin, Sylvi. "Feldhecken und deren Einfluss auf Hochwasser und Naturschutz unter Berücksichtigung von agrarökonomischen Belangen im Naturraum Erzgebirge." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-81954.
Full textAbstract:
Ziel der Arbeit war die Beurteilung der räumlichen Verteilung und Struktur von Feldhecken hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung für Hochwasser- und Naturschutz, sowie die Analyse von agrarökonomischen Faktoren, welche die Anlage von Hecken fördern beziehungsweise behindern. Folgende Fragen standen bei den Untersuchungen im Mittelpunkt: Wie muss eine Hecke sowohl aus naturschutzfachlicher als auch hydrologischer Sicht aufgebaut sein, um eine optimale Wirkung zu erzielen, und wie müssen die Rahmenbedingungen für Landwirte aussehen, damit Heckenstrukturen nicht nur erhalten, sondern auch neu angelegt werden können? Um diese komplexen Fragen zu beantworten, wurden verschiedene methodische Ansätze zur Analyse ökologischer, hydrologischer und entscheidungsbildender Prozesse gewählt. Um die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Skalenarten (ordinal / kardinal) zu vergleichen und dabei aus verschiedenen Optionen eine für alle Ziele optimale Vorzugsvariante zu ermitteln, wurde am Ende eine Nutzwertanalyse durchgeführtThere were two main purposes of the study; the evaluation of the spatial distribution and structural patterns of hedgerows in regard to their impact on flood prevention and nature conservation, and the investigation of factors facilitating or constraining the establishment of hedgerows. On the basis of this assessment, knowledge based recommendations were developed for the facilitation of hedgerows in agricultural landscapes in mountainous areas such as the Erzgebirge. The following questions were the main focus of the investigation: how should a hedgerow be composed to obtain the optimal effect from the nature conservation as well as the flood prevention point of view, and how should the general requirements for farmers be constructed so that hedgerows are not only maintained but also newly established. To answer these complex questions different methodologies were applied for analysing ecological, hydrological and decision-forming processes. In order to compare the results and hedgerow alternatives to determine the optimal choice, a value-benefit analysis was performed
34
Joneš, Filip. "Hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti projektů dopravní infrastruktury." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392149.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency of investment projects in transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure projects is carried out according to the methodological documents of the Ministry of Transport, the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure and the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic. As changes in methodological procedures have taken place in recent years, the diploma thesis deals with the resulting values of economic efficiency indicators, especially with net present value. The thesis analyzes the basic calculation formula for the evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure, which is an integral part of the evaluation of road projects. There are also described fundamental methodological changes regarding, for example, the calculation of the residual value of the project at the end of the reference period or the change in the discount rate. The changes are applied to a case study of a specific section of the Czech transport industry. It evaluates their impact on the final value of the critical indicator of economic efficiency, which is the net present value.
35
Porubský, Michal. "Efektivnost u staveb pro využití volného času." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240289.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with public investment project. The thesis first describes, what are the sources of investments, cash flows and investment evaluation methodes of investment efficiency. Further, the thesis is focused on project Urban swimming pools in Luhačovice. It is mainly about the history, construction and operation of swimming pools. Finally, it assessed the efficiency of the project in program eCBA.
36
Thoresson, Karin. "Att beräkna det goda samhället : Samhällsekonomiska analyser och gränslandet expertis–politik inom transportområdet." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70554.
Full textAbstract:
Det övergripande transportpolitiska målet i Sverige har sedan 1998 varit att säkerställa en samhällsekonomiskt effektiv och långsiktigt hållbar transportförsörjning för medborgarna och näringslivet i hela landet. Under perioden fram till 2010 har samhällsekonomiska underlag fått en allt tyngre roll i den formulerade transportpolitiken och den statliga styrningen av den långsiktiga planeringen som ett verktyg för att prioritera mellan investeringar i nya vägar och järnvägslänkar. I studien utforskades den samhällsekonomiska analysens roll i den formulerade transportpolitiken och dess styrning av den regionala infrastrukturplaneringen. Studien utgår ifrån ett konstruktivistiskt angreppssätt och en syn på relationen mellan vetenskap/expertis och politik som samproducerad. Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för analysen består av dokument och intervjutranskriptioner. De dokument som har analyserats är publikationer om den samhällsekonomiska analysmetoden, utgivna av myndigheten Statens institut för kommunikationsanalys (SIKA) och dels olika typer av transportpolitiska dokument. Intervjuerna genomfördes med tretton regionala beslutsfattare och en tjänsteman, vilka varit delaktiga i upprättandet av en regional infrastrukturplan i Västra Götaland. Studien visar att samhällsekonomisk analys är en värderingsmetod med stort inflytande i den formulerade transportpolitiken. Trots att den framställs som ett objektivt sätt att utvärdera den samhällsekonomiska effektiviteten hos väg- och järnvägsobjekt, och i förlängningen deras bidrag till det övergripande målet, utgör metodens grunder till stor del en svart låda i den transportpolitiska diskussionen. Detta gäller även hos de intervjuade beslutsfattarna, men de konstruerar den enskilde politikerns omdöme som den viktigaste grunden för beslut.The study deals with applied cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and the significant role this method has acquired in transport policy in Sweden since 1998. It is a study of a valuation method at the intersection between neoclassical economics, expertise, Swedish transport policy, long term planning and regional decision makers. Specifically, it focuses on the co-production of expertise and politics and how boundaries are drawn between them in relation to valuation. Departing from a constructionist approach to science and expertise, the study is concerned with how CBA and valuation is depicted in various contexts. The empirical foundation of the study concists of documents dealing with CBA, several kinds of transport policy documents and interview transcripts resulting from interviews with thirteen regional decision makers and one regional official. The analysis shows the significant influence of CBA on transport policy. While this valuation method is depicted as an objective valuation tool in planning, its conceptual foundation tends to be black-boxed outside the domain of expertise. This applies also to the interviewed regional decision makers. However, they delimit the space for CBA as a sufficient decision support. In addition, they construct judgment as the most important basis for decisions on infrastructure. Still, it is argued, the black-boxing of CBA in transport policy affect the political landscape negatively: it entails a risk that important political issues are made more inaccessible for public debate.
37
Duffy, Shawn P. "Social Security : a present value analysis of Old Age Survivors Insurance (OASI) taxes and benefits /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306111.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.Thesis advisor(,):David R. Henderson, Katsuaki L. Terasawa. "December 1995." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
38
Fazlollahi, Ariyan. "Benefits of Enterprise Integration Systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98486.
Full textAbstract:
Today, with various technology and business standards, organizations face rapid changes in both internal and external environments. To be able to rapidly respond to such changing environments, integration of software systems has entered among the top priorities of many organizations. However, despite extended use of software integration, methods for estimating the business value of implementing such integration are still missing. Besides presenting a conceptual model to define the benefits of systems integration and related causal relationships, this study proposes a method for measuring such benefits in monetary terms. In particular, we demonstrate how a mathematical programming technique called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used to evaluate the business value of software integration. Our method is illustrated using data from 12 organizations. The results indicate significant productivity gains by integrating software systems, which represent the value of software integration in organizations.
39
Zaiter, Youssef. "Optimisation du design des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l'eau en maximisant la valeur économique de l'information." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB006.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse consiste à combiner, pour la première fois, les deux types de littérature concernant les réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l’eau, la littérature sur l’optimisation physique des réseaux et la littérature sur la valeur économique de l’information pour un réseau prédéfini. Nous cherchons à optimiser le design du réseau de surveillance en maximisant la valeur économique de l'information. Nous nous intéressons principalement à l'aspect spatial du réseau de surveillance, plus précisément à la localisation des stations de surveillance. Nous appelons cette méthode l'optimisation économique du réseau de surveillance. Cela signifie que l'optimisation du réseau de surveillance ne repose pas seulement sur des considérations physiques ou hydrologiques, mais qu'elle tient compte de considérations économiques. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions en particulier l'avantage d'une telle optimisation économique par rapport à l'optimisation physique traditionnelleThe work presented in this thesis consists in combining, for the first time, the two types of literature concerning water quality monitoring networks, the literature on physical optimization of networks and the literature on the economic value of information for a predefined network. We seek to optimize the design of the monitoring network by maximizing the economic value of the information. We are mainly interested in the spatial aspect of the monitoring network, more specifically the location of the monitoring stations. We call this method the economic optimization of the monitoring network. This means that the optimization of the monitoring network is not only based on physical or hydrological considerations, but also takes into account economic considerations. In this thesis, we study in particular the advantage of such an economic optimization compared to the traditional physical optimization
40
Lamare, Julia de. "Análise de impacto regulatório no direito ambiental : limites e possibilidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15981.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Julia de Lamare (ju_delamare@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-10T14:23:56Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação Julia de Lamare - versão final 10.03.2016.pdf: 1781385 bytes, checksum: 5e0a14bc6abef953bdd67e2359263eaf (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-03-16T13:15:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Julia de Lamare - versão final 10.03.2016.pdf: 1781385 bytes, checksum: 5e0a14bc6abef953bdd67e2359263eaf (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-03-18T13:37:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Julia de Lamare - versão final 10.03.2016.pdf: 1781385 bytes, checksum: 5e0a14bc6abef953bdd67e2359263eaf (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-18T13:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Julia de Lamare - versão final 10.03.2016.pdf: 1781385 bytes, checksum: 5e0a14bc6abef953bdd67e2359263eaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15
Environmental regulation lacks transparency. Agencies responsible for environmental protection, in most of the cases, only publish the final versions of the regulatory measures adopted, without further details on supporting, technical justifications, alternatives considered and possible contributions from social participation, among other issues. As a consequence, the environmental management faces accountability issues. To overcome this scenario, the regulatory impact analysis is presented as an instrument able to add clarity, objectivity and efficiency to environmental decision making. The incorporation of the tool, however, should be performed with particular caution, in view of three major peculiarities of Environmental Law. Firstly, the sector not only handles with risk, but also with uncertainty, in which due to the absence of information, it is impossible to make probability calculation about possible outcomes. Secondly, environmental regulation deals with non-tradable assets to which traditional cost-benefit analysis is not easily applicable. Finally, the environmental regulatory authority is shared by various agencies at all levels of government, increasing the odds of technical failures.
A regulação ambiental carece de maior transparência. Os órgãos de proteção do meio ambiente, em regra, apenas publicam as versões finais das medidas elaboradas, sem explicitar as justificativas técnicas que as embasaram, as alternativas consideradas e as possíveis contribuições decorrentes de participação social, entre outras questões. Em consequência, tem-se um cenário desfavorável à realização de controle pelos mais diversos atores. Para superá-lo, a análise de impacto regulatório é apresentada como instrumento apto a agregar clareza, objetividade e eficiência ao processo decisório ambiental. A incorporação da ferramenta, no entanto, deve ser realizada com cuidado especial, tendo em vista a existência de três principais peculiaridades do direito do meio ambiente. Primeiro, o setor lida não só com situações de risco, mas também com casos de incerteza, em que a ausência de informação impossibilita o cálculo de probabilidade de ocorrência de possíveis resultados. Em segundo lugar, a regulação ambiental recai sobre bens não transacionados em mercados, o que dificulta a obtenção de seu valor de troca, aspecto relevante para a análise de custo-benefício como tradicionalmente conhecida. Por fim, o meio ambiente apresenta desenho regulatório absolutamente fragmentado, composto por variados órgãos normatizadores, deliberativos e fiscalizadores em todos os níveis da federação, o que eleva o risco de deficiências na formação técnica das autoridades reguladoras.
41
Malan, van Rooyen Marlize. "Content analysis of developmental assets in HIV/AIDS message framing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25535.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe how the developmental asset framework could be used to conceptualise HIV/AIDS message framing. LoveLife media messages (as gain-framed HIV/AIDS prevention messages) were purposefully sampled. Qualitative content analysis allowed loveLife media messages to be analysed through coding, categorisation and memoing. The analysis process revealed core values and developmental assets portrayed in gain-framed HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Core values identified included, love, respect (portrayed least), dignity (portrayed most) and responsibility. Internal assets identified included, achievement motivation, school engagement, responsibility, integrity, restraint, honesty, planning and decision making, resistant skills, personal power, sense of purpose, self-esteem and positive view of personal future., External assets identified included, family support and positive family communication. Responsibility and personal power, were portrayed most and honesty together with family support, and positive family communication, least. Broadcast messages portrayed the most developmental assets and outdoor messages the least. Correlations were found between core values love, dignity, and responsibility, and the identified developmental assets. Insight was gained into three potential roles developmental assets could play in framing HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Firstly, developmental assets could serve as a source of enablement to make youth aware of strengths they could utilise to foster well-being. Secondly, developmental assets could direct incorporation of positive psychology principles in designing HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Lastly, the study revealed that the developmental asset framework could be used in conjunction with the theory of message framing in designing HIV/AIDS prevention messages.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
42
Andersson, Joakim, and Mike Bizimana. "Digitalisering och kundnytta : En undersökning om digitaliserings effekt på ett företag och dess kunder." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31305.
Full textAbstract:
In today’s society, businesses and organizations are facing increasing challenges to change and adapt to a digitizing world. In order to stay relevant in the market, businesses need to work constantly on developing and improving the efficiency of its various processes. This study is designed as a case study at MittSverige Vatten & Avfall which is a municipal corporation in Sundsvall municipality. Its goal is to be a leader in its sector by the year 2021. The study’s objective was to investigate if the digitization of information gathering could bring benefit to a company and its customers. The investigation has focused on the digitization of information gathering from the customer's water meter. The study's objective has been to identify and analyze how digitization impacts business processes and its financial condition with help from value stream mapping and a customer survey. The study was conducted with the support of written and web based literary sources. A survey as well as interviews was conducted. An investment analysis has been conducted to study and evaluate the benefits that the investment brings the customer and MittSverige Vatten & Avfall regarding cost. The study proved that the digitization of water meters would mean an improvement for both MittSverige Vatten & Avfall and its customers.Verksamheter och organisationer står i dagens samhälle framför ökande utmaningar till förändringar och anpassning till en digitaliserande värld. För att kunna fortsätta vara relevant på marknaden så behöver verksamheter arbeta ständigt med utveckling och effektivisering av dess olika processer. Denna studie är utförd som en fallstudie hos MittSverige Vatten & Avfall som är ett kommunalt bolag i Sundsvall kommun. Studien hade som syfte att undersöka vad digitalisering av informationsinhämtning kunde tillföra för nytta för ett företag och dess kunder. Undersökningen har fokuserat på digitalisering av informationsinhämtning från kundens vattenmätare. Studien har haft som mål att kartlägga och analysera digitaliseringens effekt på verksamhetens processer och ekonomiskt tillstånd med hjälp av värdeflödesanalys och kundundersökning. En enkät och intervjuer har utförts. En investeringsanalys har utförts för att studera och värdera nyttan som investeringen tillför kunden och MittSverige Vatten & Avfall med hänsyn till kostnaden. Studien bevisade att en digitalisering av vattenmätare skulle innebära en förbättring för både MittSverige Vatten & Avfall och dess kunder.
43
Ng, Anthony Kwok-Lung. "Risk Assessment of Transformer Fire Protection in a Typical New Zealand High-Rise Building." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1223.
Full textAbstract:
Prescriptively, the requirement of fire safety protection systems for distribution substations is not provided in the compliance document for fire safety to the New Zealand Building Code. Therefore, the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS) has proposed a list of fire safety protection requirements for distribution substations in a letter, dated 10th July 2002. A review by Nyman [1], has considered the fire safety requirements proposed by the NZFS and discussed the issues with a number of fire engineers over the last three years. Nyman concerned that one of the requirements regarding the four hour fire separation between the distribution substation and the interior spaces of the building may not be necessary when considering the risk exposure to the building occupants in different situations, such as the involvement of the sprinkler systems and the use of transformers with a lower fire hazard. Fire resistance rating (FRR) typically means the time duration for which passive fire protection system, such as fire barriers, fire walls and other fire rated building elements, can maintain its integrity, insulation and stability in a standard fire endurance test. Based on the literature review and discussions with industry experts, it is found that failure of the passive fire protection system in a real fire exposure could potentially occur earlier than the time indicated by the fire resistance rating derived from the standard test depending on the characteristics of the actual fire (heat release rate, fire load density and fire location) and the characteristics of the fire compartment (its geometric, ventilation conditions, opening definition, building services and equipment). Hence, it is known that a higher level of fire safety, such as 4 hour fire rated construction and use of sprinkler system, may significantly improve the fire risk to health of safety of occupants in the building; however, they could never eliminate the risk. This report presents a fire engineering Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) on a transformer fire initiating in a distribution substation inside a high-rise residential and commercial mixeduse building. It compares the fire safety protection requirements for distribution substations from the NZFS to other relevant documents worldwide: the regulatory standards in New Zealand, Australia and United States of America, as well as the non-regulatory guidelines from other stakeholders, such as electrical engineering organisation, insurance companies and electricity providers. This report also examines the characteristics of historical data for transformer fires in distribution substations both in New Zealand and United States of America buildings. Reliability of active fire safety protection systems, such as smoke detection systems and sprinkler systems is reviewed in this research. Based on the data analysis results, a fire risk estimate is determined using an Event Tree Analysis (ETA) for a total of 14 scenarios with different fire safety designs and transformer types for a distribution substation in a high-rise residential and commercial mixed-use building. In Scenario 1 to 10 scenarios, different combinations of fire safety systems are evaluated with the same type of transformer, Flammable liquid (mineral oil) insulated transformer. In Scenario 11 to Scenario 14, two particular fire safety designs are selected as a baseline for the analysis of transformer types. Two types of transformer with a low fire hazard are used to replace the flammable liquid (mineral oil) insulated transformer in a distribution substation. These are less flammable liquid (silicone oil) insulated transformers and dry type (dry air) transformers. The entire fire risk estimate is determined using the software package @Risk4.5. The results from the event tree analysis are used in the cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit ratios are measured based on the reduced fire risk exposures to the building occupants, with respect to the investment costs of the alternative cases, from its respective base case. The outcomes of the assessment show that the proposed four hour fire separation between the distribution substations and the interior spaces of the building, when no sprinkler systems are provided, is not considered to be the most cost-effective alternative to the life safety of occupants, where the cost-benefit ratio of this scenario is ranked fifth. The most cost-effective alternative is found to be the scenario with 30 minute fire separation and sprinkler system installed. In addition to the findings, replacing a flammable liquid insulated transformer with a less flammable liquid insulated transformer or a dry type transformer is generally considered to be economical alternatives. From the QRA analysis, it is concluded that 3 hour fire separation is considered to be appropriate for distribution substations, containing a flammable liquid insulated transformer and associated equipment, in non-sprinklered buildings. The fire ratings of the separation construction can be reduced to 30 minute FRR if sprinkler system is installed. This conclusion is also in agreement with the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
44
Orire, Endurance. "The techno-economics of bitumen recovery from oil and tar sands as a complement to oil exploration in Nigeria / E. Orire." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5704.
Full textAbstract:
The Nigeria economy is wholly dependent on revenue from oil. However, bitumen has been discovered in
the country since 1903 and has remained untapped over the years. The need for the country to
complement oil exploration with the huge bitumen deposit cannot be overemphasized. This will help to
improve the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and revenue available to government. Bitumen is
classifled as heavy crude with API (American petroleum Institute) number ranging between 50 and 110
and occurs in Nigeria, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela etc from which petroleum products could be
derived.
This dissertation looked at the Canadian experience by comparing the oil and tar sand deposit found in Canada with particular reference to Athabasca (Grosmont, Wabiskaw McMurray and Nsiku) with
that in Nigeria with a view of transferring process technology from Canada to Nigeria. The Nigeria and Athabasca tar sands occur in the same type of environment. These are the deltaic, fluvial marine deposit in an incised valley with similar reservoir, chemical and physical properties. However, the Nigeria tar sand is more asphaltenic and also contains more resin and as such will yield more product volume during
hydro cracking albeit more acidic. The differences in the components (viscosity, resin and asphaltenes
contents, sulphur and heavy metal contents) of the tar sands is within the limit of technology adaptation.
Any of the technologies used in Athabasca, Canada is adaptable to Nigeria according to the findings of this research.
The techno-economics of some of the process technologies are. x-rayed using the PTAC (petroleum
technology alliance Canada) technology recovery model in order to obtain their unit cost for Nigeria
bitumen. The unit cost of processed bitumen adopting steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ
combustion (ISC) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process technology is 40.59, 25.00 and 44.14
Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Canada using the same process technology is 57.27, 25.00
and 61.33 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Nigeria is substantively lesser than in Canada.
A trade off is thereafter done using life cycle costing so as to select the best process technology for the
Nigeria oil/tar sands. The net present value/internal rate of return is found to be B$3,062/36.35% for
steam assisted gravity drainage, B$I,570124.51 % for cyclic steam stimulation and B$3,503/39.64% for in
situ combustion. Though in situ combustion returned the highest net present value and internal rate of
return, it proved not to be the best option for Nigeria due to environmental concern and response time to
production. The best viable option for the Nigeria tar sand was then deemed to be steam assisted gravity
drainage.
An integrated oil strategy coupled with cogeneration using MSAR was also seen to considerably amplify
the benefits accruable from bitumen exploration; therefore, an investment in bitumen exploration in
Nigeria is a wise economic decision.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
45
Stojaspalová, Vendula. "Hodnocení výkonnosti společnosti s využitím Balanced Scorecard." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399466.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis Evaluation of Company Performance is to propose the implementation of the Balance Scorecard for selected company CZECHmetal spol. s r. o., which aims to increase the competitiveness and performance of the particular company. The analytical part is devoted to the introduction of the company and the services offered, the design part will be elaborated on the basis of strategic analysis outputs. Strategic goals are set out in individual perspectives as well as benchmarks that accompany target values. The thesis sets out strategic initiatives that lead to the achievement of the objectives previously set. The conclusion contains the risks and benefits associated with the implementation of the model in society.
46
Henriques, Rita Raminhos Coelho Fuentes. "Redes inter-organizacionais e criação de valor: participação e apropriação de resultados." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9982.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em GestãoEsta dissertação propõe-se investigar o comportamento das empresas inseridas em redes inter-organizacionais, em termos da captação de resultados individuais. O argumento principal deste estudo centra-se na importância da complementaridade entre a posição estrutural na Rede e o conteúdo do portfólio de relações para a identificação dos resuiltados que cada empresa consegue apropriar quando inserida numa rede interorganizacional. Essa apropriação será ainda explicada endogenamente pelos atributos das empresas e pela sua participação na actividade operacional e estratégica da Rede. Este modelo é testado numa Rede de Inovação de PMEs portuguesas. Clarifica-se a forma como as trocas diferenciadas de recursos e os objectivos distintos dos actores fazem emergir na Rede diferentes estruturas interactivas que se comportam como sub-redes autónomas com características próprias. Evidencia-se as empresas líder em cada sub-rede, realçando o papel que desempenham e a sua actuação em subgrupos coesos de actores. Foram utilizadas diferentes lentes teóricas e metodológicas capazes de explorar os contornos específicos do estudo e induzir os faxtores que determinam a participação das empresas na Rede, a obtenção de resultados por parte dessas organizações e o efeito de diferentes estruturas e conteúdos relacionais presentes numa rede de inovação. Concluiu-se que a participação na Rede é parcialmente explicada por um perfil de parceria mais interactivo por parte da empresa, dá-se evidência empírica forte à associação positiva entre participação na Rede e obtenção de benefícios e atesta-se a existência de duas dimensões distintas que caracterizam os resultados gerados na Rede, uma explicada endogenamente pelos atributos dos actores e pela sua participação, a outra de cariz abstracto, mais associada às características da Rede e com suporte limitado na literatura.
This dissertation aims to investigate the dynamics of firms within an interorganizational network, namely in what concerns its capturing of benefits. To do so, we underline not only their position within the structure, but also the contents of relationships they engage in. Additionally, firm's characteristics will be tested to understand whether some actors will be able to rip more results due to their profiles. The research, in its premises, will be conducted over a national SME innovation network. We argue that benefits for firms involved in inter-organizational networks will airse endogenously from their characteristics, the diversity of the relationships they develop within the network and the degree of participation of these organizations within the operational and strategic activities of the structure. Given that different resources are shared between the agents and that different actors possess different goals, autonomous sub-networks emerge within the global structure with specific dynamics and interactions. Consequently, a leader can be pinpointed for each sub-network, focusing on its role and actions within cohesive subgroups of actors. The research was designed under several methodological and theoretical grounds to better explain the specifics of the network analyzed and to induce on the factors that determine SMS's participation and their appropriation of results as well as the consequences of different relational structures and contents. We argue that those who participate more actively within the network will generate more benefits for themselves (or perceive it this way) and that results obtained within the network can be further discriminated into two different dimensions: one endogenous to the model underlined and another, more abstract in its identification and less associated with actor specifics and more network structure, with less support from extant literature.
47
Knapová, Barbora. "Návrh implementace modelu Balanced Scorecard ve vybrané společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241437.
Full textAbstract:
Master’s thesis deals with issue of the Balanced Scorecard model and the proposal of its implementation at chosen company. Strategic objectives of the perspectives are deduced on the basis of strategic and financial outcomes and also measures as well as target values are assigned to the strategic objectives. The strategic initiatives that lead to fulfill proposed strategic objectives are determined afterwards. The final part of this thesis deals with risks and benefits related to the Balanced Scorecard concept implementation.
48
Stryja, Michal. "Ekonomická efektivnost investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372033.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis solves the evaluation of the economic efficiency of the investment - Municipal Library in Třinec. The aim of the work was to verify the effectiveness of this project using the CBA analysis. The theoretical part generally describes concepts such as investments, public contracts, public projects, the life stage of the project and, above all, the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects. The practical part deals with the effectiveness of the investment from the operational data provided by the library, which is compared with the planned variant.
49
Pohlová, Aneta. "Hodnocení výkonnosti společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316868.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis Company performance measurement is to propose a particular approach of the Balanced Scorecard method implementation for the company IZOL94, s.r.o. that can lead to the increase in the competitiveness and efficiency of the company. Strategic objectives of the perspectives are deduced on the basis of strategic and financial outcomes and also measures as well as target values are assigned to the strategic objectives. The strategic initiatives that lead to fulfill proposed strategic objectives are determined afterwards. The final part of this thesis deals with risks and benefits related to the Balanced Scorecard concept implementation.
50
Scouflaire, Charlotte. "Mécanismes de rémunération de la capacité : évaluation analytique des expériences contemporaines et leçons pour la conception future des marchés de l'électricité. Real World Capacity Mechanisms: Context, Dynamics and Performance What Do Models Tell Us About Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms? Information Value in Capacity Market Designs Capacity Remuneration in Power Markets: An Empirical Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Precaution." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED017.
Full textAbstract:
Les mécanismes de capacité (CRM) sont instaurés pour aligner l’équilibre de marché avec l’optimum social, c’est-à dire assurer la sécurité d’approvisionnement au moindre coût. Sur le plan théorique, les marchés energy-only sont censés atteindre cet objectif, mais leur efficacité est mise en doute. Si le bien-fondé de la qualification des CRMs comme mécanisme optimal de second rang occupe les chercheurs depuis plusieurs décennies, l’évaluation empirique des CRMs a reçu une attention beaucoup plus limitée. Cette lacune constitue un domaine de recherche académique fertile, mais limite la capacité de chacun à transposer les résultats théoriques en termes d’élaboration de politiques publiques. L’évaluation empirique des CRMs est d’autant plus nécessaire que leur performance dépend non seulement de paramètres structurels, techniques et culturels spécifiques à chaque pays, mais aussi des détails de leur mise en œuvre. A ce titre, cette thèse présente le premier travail traitant de la performance empirique des CRMs ainsi que des choix de mise en œuvre réglementaire. L’étude de la convergence relative des designs des CRMs depuis les années90 permet l’identification des caractéristiques indispensables à leur succès quand les divergences de résultats dans la littérature quantitative existante aident à prendre la mesure des défis futurs restants. Le coût net d’une telle intervention sur le marché est aussi discuté à l’aide d’une approche économétrique trans-nationale. Enfin, les préférences des agents quant à la précision de l’information sur les obligations de capacité sont abordées dans un modèle analytiqueCapacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs) are widely implemented as an attempt of correcting the real-world imperfections of electricity markets and aligning market outcomes with social optimality. Mainly, many observers doubt theability of the EOM to provide sufficient investment incentives to ensure the security of supply, and CRMs are expected to mitigate the risk of failure. Unfortunately, the numerous real world experiences have led to limited academic publications.In addition, the abundant theoretical literature fails to deliver clear take away messages with respect to the performance ofCRMs in real life conditions. The empirical assessment of CRMs is all the more necessary as their performance depends on a number of country-specific, structural, technical and behavioral parameters, as well on the details of implementation that structure the incentives. Reducing the literature gap from both ends, this doctoral thesis represents the first attempts to empirically discuss CRM performance and design choices. It provides a conceptual reflection on the evolution of CRM designs over time (Chapter 1) and discusses the divergences existing in the quantitative literature (Chapter 2). It also contributesto the discussion on the net cost of such intervention thanks to an econometric cross-country analysis (Chapter4). From a theoretical stand point, an analytical model analyses the preferences for the precision of information available under different capacity market designs (Chapter 3)