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Journal articles on the topic 'Value hierarchy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Haynes, Naomi, and Jason Hickel. "Hierarchy, Value, and the Value of Hierarchy." Social Analysis 60, no. 4 (January 1, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2016.600401.

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2

Knott, Anne Marie. "The Dynamic Value of Hierarchy." Management Science 47, no. 3 (March 2001): 430–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.47.3.430.9776.

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3

Howell, Signe. "Hierarchy and value: An introduction." Ethnos 55, no. 3-4 (January 1990): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1990.9981409.

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4

SAKAI, KEIKO, AKIHIRO YAMAGUCHI, and MASAKI HISANO. "Unidimensional-Hierarchy in Value-Intention Scale." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 46, no. 2 (1998): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.46.2_153.

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5

Lin, Yu-Ling, Hong-Wen Lin, and Tzu-Ting Hung. "Value hierarchy for Massive Open Online Courses." Computers in Human Behavior 53 (December 2015): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.006.

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6

Mechelli, Alessandro, Vincenzo Sforza, Alessandra Stefanoni, and Riccardo Cimini. "The value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Empirical evidence from the European Union." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 2 (October 2018): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2018-002002.

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This paper investigates the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy disclosed for financial instruments through a sample of 97 financial entities listed over the period 2011-2016 in the stock markets of 23 European countries. Its main objectives are threefold. First, by analysing the European setting, the paper means to study the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy to judge the choice of the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) to extend the disclosure of the hierarchy to all the assets and liabilities. Second, the paper aims to evaluate the choice of abandoning management intent as a criterion for the classification and measurement of financial instruments investigating the effect that such an intent has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Finally, by studying the effect that exposure to risks has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchical levels, the paper plans to investigate the implications that the disclosure of the hierarchy could have on the rules of Basel 3 capital adequacy. Formulating three different research hypotheses, the findings validate them providing evidence that the value relevance of fair value measurement depends on the source of inputs used to estimate fair value and that both management intent and the risk intensity of the asset book only affect the value relevance of the less reliable fair value estimates. These results are useful for standard setters and regulators. Actually, for the investors decisions, they suggest the importance of disclosing the fair value hierarchy for all the assets and liabilities as required by IFRS 13, as well as the advantage of replacing in IFRS 9 the management intent criterion with the business model test and the characteristics of the instruments for the classification and measurement of financial assets. For the future, the findings suggest the opportunity to introduce filters within the common equity tier 1 for the less reliable fair value estimates. This paper's current and future implications for standard setters and regulators are to avoid earnings management and capital management behaviour possibly affecting the quality of financial reporting.
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7

Juczyński, Zygfryd. "Health in the Hierarchy of Personal Values of Children and Youth." Pedagogika Rodziny 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fampe-2014-0007.

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Abstract Most people would agree that health is universally and highly valued. The Rokeach Value Survey is a commonly used measure of human values. The values are ranked to form value hierarchies, called value systems. This method has a number of limitations. In presented study the Juczynski’ Personal Value List was used to rated 10 personal values. Participants were representative sample of 2006 school-boys and -girls in Lodz. Good health was on the second place ranked of 10 values, anywhere 23% of the respondents did not rank “good health” among their five highest personal values. Other groups have responded to the question: What does “being healthy“ mean to you? The health as the instrumental value refers to functioning of the individual. This aspect became apparent more clearly with reference to the health, than to illness. He is keeping an eye on it over the 18-years 60% in defining the health, and only 22% with reference to illness.
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8

Adra, Najwa. "Tournaments of Value: Sociability and Hierarchy in a Yemeni Town:Tournaments of Value: Sociability and Hierarchy in a Yemeni Town." American Anthropologist 100, no. 2 (June 1998): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.2.561.

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9

TRUMP, THOMAS M. "Value Formation and Postmaterialism." Comparative Political Studies 24, no. 3 (October 1991): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414091024003005.

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The argument that the rise of postmaterialist values is bringing about fundamental changes in Western societies is based on a theory devised by Ronald Inglehart that has not received thorough testing. This article presents a rigorous test of his theory employing data collected from secondary school students in the United States and West Germany. The test consists of two parts: (a) an analysis of the relationship between a measure of Maslow's need hierarchy and values, and (b) an assessment of the relationship between economic conditions, measured at the macro and micro levels, and both the need hierarchy and values. A relatively strong relationship was found between the need hierarchy and values among the German sample, whereas a weak relationship was found among the American sample. The mixed nature of this finding suggests that this theoretical relationship may not exist, or at least not develop during childhood, in all Western nations. More important, the data indicate, in contrast to theoretical expectations, that economic conditions are not strongly related to either psychological needs or to values. Based on this finding, the theoretical explanation for the development of postmaterialist values is drawn into question.
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10

Partyko, Neonila, Olena Kryvopyshyna, Liubov Pomytkina, and Eduard Pomytkin. "Peculiarities of hierarchy of leaders’ personal values." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128409007.

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The aim of the research is to confirm whether gender, age, residence in rural or urban areas and work experience influence the peculiarities of hierarchy of leaders’ personal values, and also to investigate the differences in the hierarchy of leaders’ personal values and that of their subordinates. The significant changes in the social value system create for the majority of people the urgent need to adopt new benchmarks and rebuild their personal values system. This also applies directly to the modern leader who is trying to reach a mutual understanding in the relationship. The goal of our research is to study the peculiarities of the hierarchy of leaders’ personal values. These were the hypotheses of the study: 1) the specific and individual-oriented values prevail in leaders as well as values of “business” and “self-affirmation”; 2) the hierarchy of value self-determination of modern leaders in education is influenced by their work experience, residence in rural or urban areas, age and gender. To solve the empirical problems of our research and to confirm or refute the hypotheses, we used the method of studying the value orientations, developed by the American researcher Milton Rokeach. According to the results of the research, the most important leaders’ terminal values have been the specific and individually oriented values, and the most important leaders’ instrumental values have been mainly the values of «business» and «self-affirmation», while gender affects the terminal and instrumental values, and the age impacts mainly instrumental values.
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11

Bagna, Emanuel, Giuseppe Di Martino, and Davide Rossi. "No more discount under enhanced fair value hierarchy." Applied Economics 47, no. 51 (June 18, 2015): 5559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1054068.

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12

Guil, Francisco. "The initial-value problem for the dKP hierarchy." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 40, no. 50 (November 28, 2007): 15041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/50/009.

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13

Gregory, T. Ryan. "Macroevolution, hierarchy theory, and the C-value enigma." Paleobiology 30, no. 2 (June 2004): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0179:mhtatc>2.0.co;2.

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14

Miller, Janet E., and Chris McGee. "Revealing What's Important to the User: Value-Focused Thinking." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 5 (September 2005): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900513.

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Despite the importance of software interfaces, trade-offs must be made during development. Value Focused Thinking (VFT) provides an objective methodology that is well suited for handling multi-objective problems such as interface design issues. Facilitated sessions are held with the intended users to elicit what is of importance to the user. These values are characterized and put to a common scale, allowing measurement of their contribution to the overall objective. The resulting hierarchy can be used to guide software development or compare different interface solutions. In this study, a VFT hierarchy was developed with military intelligence analysts to identify what values were desired in an interface for software intended to address a facet of data overload. The prototype interface was evaluated against the hierarchy with these stated values. The process and the hierarchy itself provided insight on where resources should be expended to provide the greatest benefit in the final product.
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15

Lu, Hung-Yuan (Richard), and Vivek Mande. "Does disaggregation of fair value information increase the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy?" Research in Accounting Regulation 26, no. 1 (April 2014): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.racreg.2014.02.009.

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16

Muslim, Erlinda, Irvan Riansa, and Komarudin Komarudin. "Analytic hierarchy process; Consistency index; Missing value; Pairwise matrix." International Journal of Technology 8, no. 7 (December 26, 2017): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i7.773.

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17

Lin, Hong-Wen, and Yu-Ling Lin. "Digital educational game value hierarchy from a learners’ perspective." Computers in Human Behavior 30 (January 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.034.

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18

Liu, Song-Tao. "Modified hierarchy basis for solving singular boundary value problems." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 325, no. 2 (January 2007): 1240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.02.043.

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19

Mentzer, John T., Stephen M. Rutner, and Ken Matsuno. "Application of the means‐end value hierarchy model to understanding logistics service value." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 27, no. 9/10 (December 1997): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039710188693.

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20

Marusic-Jablanovic, Milica. "Value priorities of future preschool and class teachers in Serbia in terms of the Schwartz refined value theory." Psihologija 51, no. 2 (2018): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160902013m.

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To understand an individual?s behavior, attitudes, and decisions, it is necessary to learn his/her value priorities. In order to explore the structure and hierarchy of values of future preschool and class teachers we conducted a survey (N = 232). It relies on the famous Schwartz value theory in its refined version, applying his PVQ-57 (Portrait Value Questionnaire). The analysis encompassed reliability analysis, goodness of fit, multidimensional scaling, mean rating and ranking, and t-test. The obtained data fits the theoretical model well, and the location of empirical value types can be predicted by the proposed circumplex, except for universalism and benevolence values, which are located in reverse. Several values adjacent in the model appear combined in the data. The value hierarchy starts with Benevolence (Care and Dependability), Self-direction?Action, Security?Personal, Universalism?Concern, and finishes with Humility, Power?Resources and Dominance.
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21

Marusic, Milica, and Andreas Oikonomou. "Value hierarchy of future subject teachers in Serbia in the context of Schwartz theory." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 45, no. 2 (2013): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1302241m.

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High concordance of value priorities and actual behaviour implies the importance of studying values, especially on teachers as important agents of socialization. The theoretical framework comprises Schwartz theory of individual values, a taxonomy of values which embraces ten value types with different motivational goals. We applied a questionnaire in the form of five-point Likert-scale with a com?prehensive list of values on the sample of 163 students, future teachers. The value hierarchy was defined as the set of the most important and less important values. For data analysis we used: descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-test; frequencies of ranks; and principal component analysis. We compared the value hierarchy of our student sample with the results obtained for the samples of students, teachers and representative samples in the cross-national study conducted by Schwartz and his associates. Generally speaking, our research results are in concordance with the results of the cross-cultural study, suggesting that the most important values can be found among the value types benevolence, universalism and self-direction, while less important values belong to the types stimulation, power and tradition. The main difference from the international study results is found in the treatment of the value type tradition, placed at the bottom of the hierarchy by our sample of students.
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22

Musafa’ah, Suqiyah. "Kontekstualisasi Pemikiran Waris Abdullah Saeed dalam Hukum Kewarisan di Indonesia." ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2016): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2015.9.2.447-478.

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<p>This article seeks to discuss the issue of inheritance in Indonesia and the solution offered through studying the Quranic verses of inheritance according to Abdullah Saeed. Saeed’s methodological approach is used as a tool of analysis to reconstruct the law of inheritance in Indonesia. On the one hand, Saeed’s theory of ‘value hierarchy’ is formulated in order to maintain the principle of Islam’s universality. On the other hand, this theory is applied in order for Islam to be valid for every time and place (<em>sâlih li kull zamân wa makân</em>). Saeed’s theory of ‘value hierarchy’ consists of among others obligatory values, fundamental values, protectional values, implementational values, and instructional values. Based on Saeed’s theory of value hierarchy, the division of inheritance based of customary law (<em>adat</em>) called <em>dumdum kupat</em> (the portion of inheritance for son and that for daughter is the same) is valid and can be applied.</p>
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23

Qingyu, Zhang. "Fair Value Hierarchy and Audit Fees: An Empirical Analysis based on the Listed Banks in China." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021402022.

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The key to the criticism of fair value lies in the lack of measurement in the active market quotation, while the fair value hierarchy hopes to make up for the reliability of fair value information by increasing disclosure. Using listed commercial bank data from 2007 through 2016, this paper documents that the assets and liabilities measured by fair value are significantly positively associated with audit fees. The positive association between audit fees and the fair value obtained via Level 2 or Level 3 inputs is greater than that Level 1.These results indicate that when the fair value needs to be estimated, the auditor needs to increase audit effort with resulting in higher audit fees. Moreover, the balance of assets and liabilities that fair-valued using Level 2 inputs is the largest and accounts for the highest proportion, which leads to more substantial changes in audit expenses. This result is consistent with the scale determinism of audit expenses. At the same time, due to the impact of professional judgment on the fair value hierarchy and the absence of corresponding supervision, the management has the motivation to use hierarchy for earnings management. The assets and liabilities that fair-valued using Level 2 inputs may represent the characteristics of fair value earnings management, audit risk is higher.
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24

Dietterich, T. G. "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with the MAXQ Value Function Decomposition." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 13 (November 1, 2000): 227–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.639.

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This paper presents a new approach to hierarchical reinforcement learning based on decomposing the target Markov decision process (MDP) into a hierarchy of smaller MDPs and decomposing the value function of the target MDP into an additive combination of the value functions of the smaller MDPs. The decomposition, known as the MAXQ decomposition, has both a procedural semantics---as a subroutine hierarchy---and a declarative semantics---as a representation of the value function of a hierarchical policy. MAXQ unifies and extends previous work on hierarchical reinforcement learning by Singh, Kaelbling, and Dayan and Hinton. It is based on the assumption that the programmer can identify useful subgoals and define subtasks that achieve these subgoals. By defining such subgoals, the programmer constrains the set of policies that need to be considered during reinforcement learning. The MAXQ value function decomposition can represent the value function of any policy that is consistent with the given hierarchy. The decomposition also creates opportunities to exploit state abstractions, so that individual MDPs within the hierarchy can ignore large parts of the state space. This is important for the practical application of the method. This paper defines the MAXQ hierarchy, proves formal results on its representational power, and establishes five conditions for the safe use of state abstractions. The paper presents an online model-free learning algorithm, MAXQ-Q, and proves that it converges with probability 1 to a kind of locally-optimal policy known as a recursively optimal policy, even in the presence of the five kinds of state abstraction. The paper evaluates the MAXQ representation and MAXQ-Q through a series of experiments in three domains and shows experimentally that MAXQ-Q (with state abstractions) converges to a recursively optimal policy much faster than flat Q learning. The fact that MAXQ learns a representation of the value function has an important benefit: it makes it possible to compute and execute an improved, non-hierarchical policy via a procedure similar to the policy improvement step of policy iteration. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this non-hierarchical execution experimentally. Finally, the paper concludes with a comparison to related work and a discussion of the design tradeoffs in hierarchical reinforcement learning.
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25

vom Bruck, Gabriele, and Anne Meneley. "Tournaments of Value: Sociability and Hierarchy in a Yemeni Town." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034560.

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26

Zhu, Jigao, Kangtao Ye, Jennifer Wu Tucker, and Kam (Johnny) C. Chan. "Board hierarchy, independent directors, and firm value: Evidence from China." Journal of Corporate Finance 41 (December 2016): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.09.009.

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27

Homer, Pamela M., and Lynn R. Kahle. "A structural equation test of the value-attitude-behavior hierarchy." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54, no. 4 (April 1988): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.638.

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28

Milfont, Taciano L., John Duckitt, and Claire Wagner. "A Cross-Cultural Test of the Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 40, no. 11 (November 2010): 2791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00681.x.

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29

Eddy, Albert R., and H. Gene Swanson. "A hierarchy of skills approach to teaching accounting present value." Journal of Accounting Education 14, no. 1 (March 1996): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0748-5751(95)00027-5.

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30

Christian Gunawan, Theodorus. "Philosophical Reflection on the Value Hierarchy According to Max Scheler." Advances in Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 3 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20210703.11.

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31

Kang, Soon-kyung, and Hyuk Shawn. "Information Risk in the Fair Value hierarchy and Audit Efforts." Korean Accounting Review 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 83–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kar.2021.12.003.

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32

Kang, Soon－kyung, Jae－gyung Jung, and Hyuk Shawn. "Information Risk in the Fair Value Hierarchy and Firm Characteristics." Korean Accounting Information Association 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiajfai.22.1.1.

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33

Chakrabarti, Subhadip, Amandine Ghintran, and Rajnish Kumar. "Assignment of heterogeneous agents in trees under the permission value." Review of Economic Design 23, no. 3-4 (September 23, 2019): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10058-019-00226-y.

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Abstract We investigate assignment of heterogeneous agents in trees where the payoff is given by the permission value. We focus on optimal hierarchies, namely those, for which the payoff of the top agent is maximized. For additive games, such hierarchies are always cogent, namely, more productive agents occupy higher positions. The result can be extended to non-additive games with appropriate restrictions on the value function. Next, we consider auctions where agents bid for positions in a vertical hierarchy of depth 2 . Under standard auctions, usually this results in a non-cogent hierarchy.
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34

Nurani, Shinta. "Hierarchy of Values in Qur’anic Hermeneutic of Abdullah Saeed (A Study of Contextual Interpretation in Q.S. Al-Hujurat)." AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis 5, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v5i1.1951.

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This article discusses an interpretation of the Qur’an by Abdullah Said using the contextual interpretation model. However, this paper will focus on how Abdullah Saeed developed the concept hierarchy of values inspired by Fazlur Rahman's thought, how application and implication of this concept in Qur’anic interpretation. Abdullah Saeed developed and formulated the concept hierarchy of values into five levels, including obligatory values, fundamental values, protective values, implementational values, and instructional values. The five hierarchies of values become a complete unified frame as an effort to the contextual interpretation of the Qur’an, especially the ethico-legal verses that mostly fill the daily life of most Muslims based on the understanding of maqashid al-sharia and the concept of good deeds. This study uses a descriptive analysis method and hermeneutic analysis techniques to apply the concept hierarchy of values in the Qur’anic interpretation. The results of this paper are in the contextual interpretation of QS. Al-Hujurat in the 1st-5th verses are instructional value; the 6th and 9th verses are combination of fundamental, protectional and impementational values; the 7th-8th verses and the 14th-18th verses are obligatory value; the 10th verse implementational value; the 11th-13th verses are instructional value. In QS. Al-Hujurat contain the five hierarchical levels of values that have been specifically conceived by Abdullah Saeed
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Kudlak, Grzegorz. "Hierarchia wartości nieletnich przestępców i jej możliwe związki z zachowaniami przestępczymi." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 2021(42), no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2021.3.08.

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Value theory defines values as an essential, normative factor determining an individual's behavior, and superior to beliefs and attitudes. Hierarchized in a specific system, values constitute an important factor of human mental health, shaping people's attitude to the past, their ability to formulate future goals and conditioning personality development. The greater the importance of a certain value in the hierarchy, the more it affects the decisions and actions of man. In the light of the known psychological models, it seems important to analyse the possible relationship between the hierarchy of values recognized by the juveniles and their criminal behavior. This study shows significant differences in the declared hierarchy of final and instrumental values among a group of juvenile offenders detained in Juvenile Shelter and a control group of non-offender juveniles, against the norms of a particular age group. The nature and magnitude of the reported differences allows to confirm, that preference of certain values could be related with criminal behavior among youth.
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Кошлякова, М., and M. Koshlyakova. "Value Aspect of Communication." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ce3b51b47b691.51930758.

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The nature, forms and results of the impact of communication on social life can be of significant value to various social groups and individuals. The concept to describe the value identity of different social and other groups is correlated with the criteria of communication. Professional communication is included in a person’s professional activity and creates, directly or indirectly, tangible and intangible values. The value of communication is determined by the hierarchy of professional and role statuses, the system of contexts and markers.
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37

Murti, Nugroho Wisnu, and Indriyana Widyastuti. "KRITIK TERHADAP KLAIM KEANDALAN PADA HIRARKI PENGUKURAN NILAI WAJAR: Sebuah Literature Review." Wahana 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35591/wahana.v21i2.142.

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This article provide consideration for the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board that requires a review of Indonesia's Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 68 concerning Measurement of Fair Value. Fair Value has potential misinterpretation definition between price and value. This potential misinterpretation is indicated to be the rationale put forward in the fair value hierarchy which is indicated unfair. This potential based on claims at each level which can be questioned with the existence of aggressive discretionary issues and the analogy of financial statement analysis. However, this problem had been proven getting down by involvement of independent and professional assessment. Therefore, fair value hierarchy has the same potential of reliability by the third party. If each level has the same potential, this hierarchy can be removed to avoid misinterpretation by users of financial statements. The obligation to disclose the basis of valuation is fairer to be implemented than the hierarchy which is have potensial misinterpretation. This opinion was not without foundation, because this article based on a literature review that starts from: 1) study of the relevance of the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards concerning fair value with the Indonesian Assessment Standards; 2) fundamental study to interpret fair value based on review literature; and 3) study of allegations of the same potential submitted in the direction of fair value as regulated in PSAK 68. Keywords: fair value hierarchy, riliability, agresive discretionary, PSAK 68
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Murti, Nugroho Wisnu, and Indriyana Widyastuti. "KRITIK TERHADAP KLAIM KEANDALAN PADA HIRARKI PENGUKURAN NILAI WAJAR: Sebuah Literature Review." Wahana 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35591/whn.v21i2.142.

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This article provide consideration for the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board that requires a review of Indonesia's Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 68 concerning Measurement of Fair Value. Fair Value has potential misinterpretation definition between price and value. This potential misinterpretation is indicated to be the rationale put forward in the fair value hierarchy which is indicated unfair. This potential based on claims at each level which can be questioned with the existence of aggressive discretionary issues and the analogy of financial statement analysis. However, this problem had been proven getting down by involvement of independent and professional assessment. Therefore, fair value hierarchy has the same potential of reliability by the third party. If each level has the same potential, this hierarchy can be removed to avoid misinterpretation by users of financial statements. The obligation to disclose the basis of valuation is fairer to be implemented than the hierarchy which is have potensial misinterpretation. This opinion was not without foundation, because this article based on a literature review that starts from: 1) study of the relevance of the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards concerning fair value with the Indonesian Assessment Standards; 2) fundamental study to interpret fair value based on review literature; and 3) study of allegations of the same potential submitted in the direction of fair value as regulated in PSAK 68. Keywords: fair value hierarchy, riliability, agresive discretionary, PSAK 68
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39

Ryan, Paul, Giulio Buciuni, Majella Giblin, and Ulf Andersson. "Global Value Chain Governance in the MNE: A Dynamic Hierarchy Perspective." California Management Review 64, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00081256211068544.

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The pandemic crisis caused a severe shock to global value chains and led to supply shortages for complex medical goods such as respiratory ventilators. What followed were calls to reshore production for security, and the loss of efficiencies from foreign global value chain (GVC) operations for the multinational enterprise. This article merges internalization and GVC theory to demonstrate a dynamic hierarchy managerial response to these crisis conditions. An optimally configured GVC under hierarchy governance can resiliently eliminate global supply line ruptures yet maintain the benefits of global efficiency.
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40

Wilson, Doirean. "A hierarchy of respect." Human Resource Management International Digest 23, no. 5 (July 13, 2015): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-06-2015-0104.

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Purpose – Interviews two black minority ethnic (BME) male youths who were raised in high knife and gun-crime areas of London. Design/methodology/approach – Considers whether feral youth behavior might have something to do with British youths’ need for respect. Findings – Quotes one of the youths as saying it is disrespectful to enter their territory without permission. Practical implications – Quotes the other as saying that BME male youths do not get respect from the British police, the politicians or the society and so do not have a voice. Social implications – Considers that society might therefore benefit from changing its attitude to BME youth. Originality/value – Contains the views of two BME young people who were prepared to be named in an interview that would provide them with the opportunity to air their views without criticism.
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41

Song, Chang Joon, Wayne B. Thomas, and Han Yi. "Value Relevance of FAS No. 157 Fair Value Hierarchy Information and the Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms." Accounting Review 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 1375–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.4.1375.

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ABSTRACT: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (FAS No. 157), Fair Value Measurements, prioritizes the source of information used in fair value measurements into three levels: (1) Level 1 (observable inputs from quoted prices in active markets), (2) Level 2 (indirectly observable inputs from quoted prices of comparable items in active markets, identical items in inactive markets, or other market-related information), and (3) Level 3 (unobservable, firm-generated inputs). Using quarterly reports of banking firms in 2008, we find that the value relevance of Level 1 and Level 2 fair values is greater than the value relevance of Level 3 fair values. In addition, we find evidence that the value relevance of fair values (especially Level 3 fair values) is greater for firms with strong corporate governance. Overall, our results support the relevance of fair value measurements under FAS No. 157, but weaker corporate governance mechanisms may reduce the relevance of these measures.
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42

Wallace, Steven, and Lakshmi Iyer. "Healthcare IT Value Hierarchy Framework for the Small Physician Practices Context." Journal of the Midwest Association for Information Systems 2017, no. 2 (July 2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/3jmwa.00033.

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43

Gesztesy, Fritz, Helge Holden, Johanna Michor, and Gerald Teschl. "The algebro-geometric initial value problem for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A 26, no. 1 (2010): 151–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2010.26.151.

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44

Sheng, Jiafei, Hong Xu, Junyan Zheng, Mandi Luo, and Xuan Zhou. "Commercial Value Assessment of “Grey Space” under Overpasses: Analytic Hierarchy Process." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (December 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4970697.

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Although the rise of urban overpasses has optimized the urban transport system and improved the spatial structure of the city, the use of space under overpasses has many problems, and they can be dark, short, unpleasant, and abandoned spaces which are full of girders and include ill-shaped areas in some places. This study aims at the recent study of space utilization under overpasses. Taking the Xudong district in Wuhan as an example, the multistandards weight analysis was conducted to evaluate the value of the commercial form of the “grey space” under overpasses and analyzed the feasibility of commercial forms.
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45

Yoon, Sung-Wook, and Mi-Ok Seo. "Analysis of Casino Customer Value Hierarchy Applying APT Hard Laddering Technique." Journal of MICE & Tourism Research 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35176/jmtr.20.4.4.

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46

Okabe, A., and Y. Sadahiro. "An Illusion of Spatial Hierarchy: Spatial Hierarchy in a Random Configuration." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 9 (September 1996): 1533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a281533.

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In this paper we show the properties of a spatial hierarchy found in a random configuration in which points are randomly placed on a plane and ranks are randomly assigned to these points. First we show a method of detecting a spatial hierarchy in a configuration of ranked points on a plane (not necessarily the random configuration). Second, using this method we obtain the spatial hierarchy of the random configuration mentioned above, and examine its properties theoretically as well as numerically with the Monte Carlo simulation. From this examination, we find that the spatial hierarchy of the random configuration shares more or less similar properties with Christaller's spatial hierarchy. Stated explicitly, the shape of dominant regions is hexagonal on average; the areas of the same rank centers are fairly homogeneous; the K value defined by Christaller is almost constant. The constant K of the random configuration is close to seven, implying that the spatial hierarchy of the random configuration is close to Christaller's hierarchy of the administrative principle. These results explain to a certain extent why spatial hierarchies are often observed in the real world. At the same time, these results give us a warning. Even if we find a spatial hierarchy in the real world, we should question whether or not the observed hierarchy is a seeming hierarchy like the spatial hierarchy in the random configuration.
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Liao, Lin, Daifei (Troy) Yao, Helen Kang, and Richard D. Morris. "The impact of legal efficacy on value relevance of the three-level fair value measurement hierarchy." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 59 (February 2020): 101259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101259.

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48

Lin, Wen Tsann, Shen Tsu Wang, Meng Hua Li, and Jiung Ming Huang. "Intelligent Manufacturing System of Product Life Cycle Management in Value Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.251.

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This study first introduced product life cycle management procedures for designing expert questionnaire, and employed the Delphi method to investigate managerial functions of an intelligent manufacturing system in order to demonstrate performance of preliminary research results. Following that, the intelligent manufacturing management system was constructed, and weighted values of management functions were collected. The management function performance was evaluated through value analysis in order to determine whether system functions meet corporate goals. All functions were obtained using the hierarchic analysis method in value engineering analysis. The rational function weights were guaranteed through hierarchy consistency, and compared with the labor costs of operating such system functions to analyze whether the functions were in a suitable domain. After a two-phase investigation, based on expert comments and application functions, production control based on an intelligent manufacturing system can reduce personnel and time costs, thus, effectively increasing corporate competitive power.
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Song, Wen Juan, Bin Zhan, and Guan Ze Wang. "Grey Analytic Hierarchy X DG Corporate Risk Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2377.

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First, the gray theory and analytic hierarchy brief overview, and then establish the evaluation index system, using the gray system theory and the analytic hierarchy process AHP gray formed to establish a specific hazardous materials transportation safety risk assessment model, Company X hazardous materials transportation risk evaluation, get the value of the company's risk level, and the evaluation value analysis.
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Loneli Costaner, Guntoro Guntoro, and Febrizal Alfarasy. "Analisis Analitical Hierarchy Process Dalam Percepat Penyeleksian Penerimaan Tenaga Pendidik." Digital Zone: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 12, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/digitalzone.v12i1.6614.

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Sekolah khoiru ummah merupakan salah satu lembaga yang selalu berhubungan dengan tenaga pendidik sebagai aktor pertama dan tenaga kependidikan sebagai support organisasi. Permasalahan terjadi ketika harus menyeleksi calon tenaga pendidik, dimana banyaknya pelamar membuat proses penyeleksian dalam menentukan alternatif terbaik yang dilakukan masih dengan cara menimbang setiap skor secara manual diatas kertas. Kondisi tersebut terjadi kendala sulitnya untuk memutuskan calon tenaga pendidik yang sesuai kebutuhan dikarenakan harus menimbang dengan prasaan, kemudian proses keputusan juga masih lambat karena harus bermusyarawah yang cukup panjang dari personalia, kepala sekolah hingga yayasan demi konsistensi keputusan tepat untuk dipilih. Dengan demikian persoalan ini dibutuhkan suatu solusi proses keputusan yang relevan dan cepat dengan analisis metode Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) dengan kriteria kelengkapan adminitrasi pelamar, ujian tertulis, penilaian personality, wawancara dan micro teaching. Sedangkan sampel data alternatif ada tiga pelamar yang akan dianalisis dengan metode AHP. Data nilai awal masukan didapatkan melalui quisioner perbandingan yang dinilai oleh personalia, kepala sekolah dan Yayasan dengan konsistensi kriteria 0.08 dimana nilai ini falid karena sesuai dengan kaedah konsistensi standar Thomas l.Saaty yaitu konsisten nilai < 0.1. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan langkah perhitungan consisten indek dan index random yang terdapat pada tahapan AHP kepada nilai masukan nilai tabel matrik perbandingan dari data alternatif. Hasil pengujian dengan nilai konsistensi seluruh data baik kriteria dan alternatif mendapatkan keputusan tebaik rekomendasi dengan nilai tertinggi didapatkan oleh Husen ahmad dengan nilai 0.729, kedua Sikin al hafidz dengan nilai 0.163 dan Sulaiman akhbar dengan nilai 0.109. Abstract The khoiru ummah school is one of the institutions that is always in touch with educators as the first actors and educational staff as organizational support. The problem occurs when it comes to selecting prospective teaching staff, where many applicants make a selection process in determining the best alternative which is still done by weighing each score manually on paper. In this condition, there is an obstacle in the difficulty of deciding the candidate for educators who are suitable for their needs because they have to weigh carefully, then the decision process is also still slow because they have to have a long discussion from personnel, principals to foundations for consistency in the right decision to be chosen. Thus, this problem requires a solution for the decision process that is relevant and fast by analyzing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the criteria for completeness of applicant administration, written examinations, personality assessments, interviews and micro teaching. Meanwhile, the sample of alternative data were three applicants who were analyzed using the AHP method. Initial input value data were obtained through comparative questionnaires assessed by personnel, principals and foundations with the consistency of the criterion of 0.08 where this value was falid because it was in accordance with Thomas L.aaty's standard consistency principle, which was consistent with a value of <0.1. This test is carried out by calculating the consisten index and random index contained in the AHP stage to the input values ​​of the comparison matrix table values ​​from alternative data. The results of the test with the consistency value of all data, both criteria and alternatives, get the best recommendation with the highest value obtained by Husen Ahmad with a value of 0.729, both Sikin al Hafidz with a value of 0.163 and Sulaiman akhbar with a value of 0.109.
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