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Journal articles on the topic 'Value judgments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Singer, Marcus G., and Stephen R. L. Clark. "Value Judgments: Value Judgments and Normative Claims." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 24 (March 1988): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004776.

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A person's values are what that person regards as or thinks important; a society's values are what that society regards as important. A society's values are expressed in laws and legislatively enacted policies, in its mores, social habits, and positive morality. Any body's values—an individual person's or a society's—are subject to change, and in our time especially. An individual manifests his or her values in expressions of approval or disapproval, of admiration or disdain, by seeking or avoidance behaviour, and by his or her characteristic activities. What one values one seeks for or tries

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2

Singer, Marcus G., and Stephen R. L. Clark. "Value Judgments." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 24 (March 1988): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135824610000477x.

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A person's values are what that person regards as or thinks important; a society's values are what that society regards as important. A society's values are expressed in laws and legislatively enacted policies, in its mores, social habits, and positive morality. Any body's values—an individual person's or a society's—are subject to change, and in our time especially. An individual manifests his or her values in expressions of approval or disapproval, of admiration or disdain, by seeking or avoidance behaviour, and by his or her characteristic activities. What one values one seeks for or tries

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3

Hope, Tony. "Value judgments." BMJ 321, Suppl S6 (2000): 0012437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0012437.

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4

Clark, Stephen R. L. "Value Judgments: How to Reason About Value Judgments." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 24 (March 1988): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00009883.

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When opinion polls are conducted on some urgent matter of the day (the character of Colonel Qaddafi, or the compatibility of some soon-to-be-married royal couple) those polled are permitted to declare themselves ‘Don't Knows’. It is usually a minority who are so ill-disposed as to forget their civic duty to have an opinion on each and every subject, and they can usually expect to be rebuked as fence-sitters or slugabeds. People confronted by the demand that they take sides can generally produce a ‘view’ which they maintain against all-comers without the slightest attempt to seek out confirmati

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5

Lemaire, Stéphane. "Values and Value Judgments: New Perspectives." Dialogue 51, no. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217312000406.

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6

Mattila, Anna. "Consumer's Value Judgments." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1999): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088049904000121.

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7

Nagel, Jennifer. "THE SOCIAL VALUE OF REASONING IN EPISTEMIC JUSTIFICATION." Episteme 12, no. 2 (2015): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2015.4.

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Social epistemology has to be admired for its courage in tackling those areas of human judgment that seem most epistemically problematic. When and how are we justified in accepting the testimony of a stranger? That looks like a hard question. Social epistemology has less obvious application to what might be considered the easy cases of epistemic justification: for example, the justification of judgments founded on explicit reasoning (‘there is no largest prime number’), or inner sense (‘I am presently feeling cold and a bit nervous’). My aim in what follows is to explore the social dimension o

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8

Lankoski, Leena, N. Craig Smith, and Luk Van Wassenhove. "Stakeholder Judgments of Value." Business Ethics Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2016): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.28.

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ABSTRACT:Although central to stakeholder theory, stakeholder value is surprisingly neglected in the literature. We draw upon prospect theory to show how stakeholder judgments of value depend crucially on the reference state, how there are several alternative reference states that may be operative when stakeholders judge value, how the choice of reference state for stakeholders’ value judgments can occur intuitively or deliberately, and how the level of the operant reference state may change with time and may also be incorrectly perceived by stakeholders or managers. Our theorizing results in a

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9

Millie, A. "Value Judgments and Criminalization." British Journal of Criminology 51, no. 2 (2011): 278–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr009.

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10

Fallis, Don. "Epistemic Value Theory and Judgment Aggregation." Episteme 2, no. 1 (2005): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/epi.2005.2.1.39.

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We frequently make judgments about the world. Juries make judgments about whether defendants are guilty. Umpires make judgments about whether pitches are strikes. Tenure committees make judgments about whether professors deserve tenure. We typically want these judgments about the world to have good epistemic properties. We would like our judgments to be true rather than false, for example. We would also like our judgments to be consistent with each other; and we would like to have good reasons for our judgments. This paper will be concerned with how we can make judgments that have such good ep

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11

Soni, Nitin, and Jagrook Dawra. "Judgments of acquisition value and transaction value." Journal of Indian Business Research 12, no. 3 (2019): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-06-2018-0170.

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Purpose An open question of behavioral pricing literature is: What are the factors which influence consumers’ judgments of acquisition value and transaction value? An important framework to explain consumers’ shopping and purchase decisions is their decision-making styles. This paper aims to examine the influence of consumers’ decision-making styles, that is, perfectionistic high-quality conscious, brand conscious-price equals quality, novelty-fashion conscious, recreational-hedonistic, price conscious-value for money, impulsive-careless, habitual-brand loyal and confused by overchoice on thei

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12

Clark, Steven C., and Victor A. Benassi. "JUDGMENT OF CONTINGENCY: CONTRAST AND ASSIMILATION, DISPLACEMENT OF JUDGMENTS, AND SELF-EFFICACY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 2 (1997): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.2.183.

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College students who judged extreme contingency problems (100% or 0%) and then midscale problems (50%) produced a contrast effect whereas students who judged more moderate contingency problems (67% or 33%) and then the same midscale problems did not. In addition, students in the 100%–50% and 67%–50% experimental conditions showed greater judgmental displacement from their anchoring judgments than participants in the 0%–50% and 33%–50% conditions. We attribute this finding to the psychological function for the judgment of contingency which indicates that a 50% contingency problem is typically j

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13

Si, Tianyuan. "Problem Analysis and Application Research in Legal Judgment Prediction Based on Data Mining." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 4s (2024): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1916.

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The judgments of some hot cases that exceeded public expectations seem to confirm this. Although the legal certainty is questioned, the judgment remains predictable. The predictability of judgments is a way to enhance judicial authority and maintain judicial credibility. It is also a way to achieve overlapping consensus between the judiciary and the public, provide stable value guidance and behavioral expectations for the public, and promote the generation and development of public rational trust. To enhance public legal trust by improving the predictability of judgments, it is necessary to in

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14

Cypher, Matthew, and J. Andrew Hansz. "Does assessed value influence market value judgments?" Journal of Property Research 20, no. 4 (2003): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0959991042000182001.

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15

MONGIN, PHILIPPE. "Value Judgments and Value Neutrality in Economics." Economica 73, no. 290 (2006): 257–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2006.00501.x.

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16

Villa, Vittorio. "Legal Theory and Value Judgments." Law and Philosophy 16, no. 4 (1997): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3504984.

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17

Milevski, Voin. "Can value judgments guide choices?" Theoria, Beograd 53, no. 1 (2010): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1001067m.

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According to R.M.Hare, the primary function of the value-words is to commend Also, in his opinion, whenever we commend something, it is always in order to, at least indirectly, guide choices. This thesis was very often questioned. In his article 'Objectivism and Mr. Hare's Language of Morals' professor Sidney Zink attempts to prove that Hare's central thesis is incorrect. My primary contention in this paper is to demonstrate that professor Zink's argumentation is quite unworkable. At the same time, this contention represents one step further in justification of internalism.

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18

Michaels, Jonathan A. "Improving NICE's social value judgments." BMJ 332, no. 7532 (2006): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7532.48.

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19

Friedman, Alexander W. "Rationing and Social Value Judgments." American Journal of Bioethics 11, no. 7 (2011): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2011.581735.

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20

Carlson, Robert W., and Joan S. McClure. "Medical Facts vs. Value Judgments." New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 15 (2015): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc1509650.

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21

COATES, JOSEPH F. "Applying Value Judgments to Science." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 19 (1986): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n019.p040.

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22

Schlottmann, Anne, and Norman H. Anderson. "Children's judgments of expected value." Developmental Psychology 30, no. 1 (1994): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.56.

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23

Anderson, David James. "Skeptical theism and value judgments." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 72, no. 1 (2012): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11153-012-9358-1.

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24

Qothrunnada, Qonita, Nurrisda Hermin Oktavian, Nanda Shabrina Alisya, et al. "TEARY EYES: VALUE JUDGEMENTS IN THE CAPTIONS OF CELEBRITIES REGARDING ISRAEL-PALESTINE WAR." FRASA: ENGLISH EDUCATION AND LITERATURE JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (2025): 39–57. https://doi.org/10.47701/frasa.v6i1.4297.

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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has gained significant global attention, with notable Hollywood celebrities expressing their support or disapproval via social media, particularly on Instagram. Despite Hollywood celebrities' evident influence on Instagram, their role in voicing their opinions concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has not been extensively studied. This qualitative research examines how Hollywood celebrities employ Instagram posts to voice their opinions on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. To achieve this aim, we employ the value judgments theory that Macagno propounded t

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25

House, William, and David Peters. "NICE and its value judgments: Utilitarian values are inadequate." BMJ 329, no. 7468 (2004): 740.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7468.740-a.

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26

Presnyakov, I.V. "Max Weber on "freedom from evaluation" and "sobriety of judgments": from the moral strength of universities to the strength of "personality"." Sociology of Power, no. 4 (June 7, 2021): 217–36. https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-0492-2021-4-217-236.

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Present paper is dedicated to categories of "freedom from value judgments” and "sobriety of judgment” in Max Weber's theory. The author examines them in three contexts: as a logical principle of science, as Weber's position in university politics, and as elements of his conceptions of "personality” and "life conduct”. The author shows that the principle of "freedom” as a logical requirement is a necessary but insufficient condition for objectivity in social sciences. In actuality, it aims to separate the heterogeneous spheres of facts and practical judgments. Howe

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27

Robison, Wade. "Understanding Cases within Professions." Teaching Ethics 18, no. 2 (2018): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej201910263.

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It seems commonly assumed that presenting data is value-neutral. The data is what it is, and it is for those assessing it to make judgments of value. So a chart of earnings just tells us what a company has earned. The chart does not tell us whether the earnings are a good or bad sign. That valuation is to be made by those looking at the chart and is independent of the chart itself. This view of the relation between presentations of data and value judgments is mistaken. Presentations are value-laden in at least two ways. How we choose to represent data is itself an ethically loaded value-judgme

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28

Hofmann, Bjørn, Irina Cleemput, Kenneth Bond, et al. "REVEALING AND ACKNOWLEDGING VALUE JUDGMENTS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 6 (2014): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000671.

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Background:Although value issues are increasingly addressed in health technology assessment (HTA) reports, HTA is still seen as a scientific endeavor and sometimes contrasted with value judgments, which are considered arbitrary and unscientific. This article aims at illustrating how numerous value judgments are at play in the HTA process, and why it is important to acknowledge and address value judgments.Methods:A panel of experts involved in HTA, including ethicists, scrutinized the HTA process with regard to implicit value judgments. It was analyzed whether these value judgments undermine th

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Ravana, Sri Devi, Prabha Rajagopal, and Vimala Balakrishnan. "Ranking retrieval systems using pseudo relevance judgments." Aslib Journal of Information Management 67, no. 6 (2015): 700–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-03-2015-0046.

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Purpose – In a system-based approach, replicating the web would require large test collections, and judging the relevancy of all documents per topic in creating relevance judgment through human assessors is infeasible. Due to the large amount of documents that requires judgment, there are possible errors introduced by human assessors because of disagreements. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study explores exponential variation and document ranking methods that generate a reliable set of relevance judgments (pseudo relevance judgments) to reduce human

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30

PARTRIDGE, P. H. "Value Judgments and the Social Sciences." Australian Journal of Politics & History 1, no. 2 (2008): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1956.tb00993.x.

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31

GREEN, G. S. M. "LEGAL TECHNIQUES AND MEDICAL VALUE JUDGMENTS*." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 17, no. 1 (1987): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb05065.x.

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32

Newman, George E., Paul Bloom, and Joshua Knobe. "Value Judgments and the True Self." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40, no. 2 (2013): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167213508791.

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33

Segerstedt, Torgny T. "Imperative Propositions and Judgments of Value." Theoria 11, no. 1 (2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1945.tb00001.x.

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34

Mark, Melvin M., and R. Lance Shotland. "Stakeholder-Based Evaluation and Value Judgments." Evaluation Review 9, no. 5 (1985): 605–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x8500900504.

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35

Rawlins, Michael, and Tonya Gillis. "NICE, social value judgments and you." British Journal of Healthcare Management 14, no. 1 (2008): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2008.14.1.28082.

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36

Goldthwait, John T. "The forward look of value judgments." Journal of Value Inquiry 30, no. 4 (1996): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00148560.

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37

Tao, Jiang. "Value Judgments in Criminal Law Interpretation." Social Sciences in China 44, no. 4 (2023): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2023.2290816.

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38

Höfel, Lea, and Thomas Jacobsen. "Electrophysiological Indices of Processing Symmetry and Aesthetics." Journal of Psychophysiology 21, no. 1 (2007): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.21.1.9.

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Abstract. Evaluative aesthetic judgments and descriptive symmetry judgments were compared. Electrophysiological activity was recorded while participants judged the aesthetic value or the symmetry status of novel graphic black and white patterns. In order to experimentally separate judgment categorization processes and judgment report processes, participants were instructed to misreport their true actual judgment in half of the trials. Three effects found in a previous study were examined: (1) an early frontocentral effect for the evaluation of not-beautiful patterns reflecting an early impress

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39

Ha, Byoung-Chun, and Hyunjeong Nam. "Ethical judgments in supply chain management: a scenario analysis." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 1 (2016): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2014-0148.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze managers’ ethical judgments in supply chain management. It investigated the influence of those judgments on trust and collaboration in relationships with suppliers. Design/methodology/approach – A scenario-based method was applied to measure managers’ ethical judgments using a sample of 341 data sets collected via survey. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the proposed hypotheses associating ethical judgments with trust and collaboration in supply chains. Findings – This study illustrates that managers’ ethical judgme

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40

Šindelář, Jiří, and Martin Svoboda. "Evaluating the quality of investment products: can expert judgment outsmart the market?" foresight 21, no. 4 (2019): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-10-2018-0087.

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with expert judgment and its predictive ability in the context of investment funds. The judgmental ratings awarder with a large set of experts was compared to a sample of the dynamic investment funds operating in Central and Eastern Europe with their objective performance, both past and future, relatively to the time of the forecast. Design/methodology/approach Data on the survey sample enabled the authors to evaluate both ex post judgmental validity, i.e. how the experts reflected the previous performance of funds, and ex ante predictive accuracy, i.e. how well

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41

Beckstead, Jason W. "Modeling sequential context effects in judgment analysis: A time series approach." Judgment and Decision Making 3, no. 7 (2008): 570–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500000814.

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AbstractIn this article a broad perspective incorporating elements of time series theory is presented for conceptualizing the data obtained in multi-trial judgment experiments. Recent evidence suggests that sequential context effects, assimilation and contrast, commonly found in psychophysical judgment tasks, may be present in judgments of abstract magnitudes. A time series approach for analyzing single-subject data is developed and applied to expert prognostic judgments of risk for heart disease with an emphasis on detecting possible sequential context effects. The results demonstrate that se

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42

Williams, Jessica J. "A Kantian Account of Aesthetic Communitarianism." Philosophical Topics 52, no. 1 (2024): 161–80. https://doi.org/10.5840/philtopics202452110.

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For aesthetic communitarians, social aesthetic goods are important—if not the most important—sources of aesthetic value. In this paper, I develop a Kantian account of aesthetic communitarianism that is distinct from contemporary accounts in focusing on the irreducibly communal dimension of judgments of beauty and the goods this affords. For Kant, a condition of making judgments of beauty is that one take oneself to belong to a universal community of taste, even if one is alone. Furthermore, the value of beauty lies in the shared feeling that this judgment constitutively involves.

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43

Cowan, Kirsten, and Atefeh Yazdanparast. "Moral foundations and judgment: conceptualizing boundaries." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (2019): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2018-2548.

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Purpose Even though the definitions of morality may seem to provide straightforward criteria to assess the morality of individuals, moral judgments are challenging and less exact. This paper aims to advance extant work on morality and moral judgment by providing a conceptualization of boundary conditions in the relationship between moral judgments and consumer behavior. Design/methodology/approach An interdisciplinary literature review is conducted to integrate extant knowledge on morality, moral judgment and consumer behavior to identify and conceptualize boundary conditions affecting moral j

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44

Matthews, William J., and Neil Stewart. "Psychophysics and the judgment of price: Judging complex objects on a non-physical dimension elicits sequential effects like those in perceptual tasks." Judgment and Decision Making 4, no. 1 (2009): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500000711.

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AbstractWhen participants in psychophysical experiments are asked to estimate or identify stimuli which differ on a single physical dimension, their judgments are influenced by the local experimental context — the item presented and judgment made on the previous trial. It has been suggested that similar sequential effects occur in more naturalistic, real-world judgments. In three experiments we asked participants to judge the prices of a sequence of items. In Experiment 1, judgments were biased towards the previous response (assimilation) but away from the true value of the previous item (cont

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45

Zhang, Yuhan, and Kathryn Davidson. "De re interpretation in belief reports: An experimental investigation." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4874.

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Determiner phrases (DPs) under intensional operators give rise to multiple interpretations, known as the de re/de dicto ambiguity. Formal theoretical approaches to modeling this ambiguity must rely on nuanced semantic judgments, but inconsistent judgments in the literature suggest that informal judgment collection may be insufficient. In addition, little is known about how these ambiguities are resolved in context and how preferences between these readings vary by context and across individuals, etc. We reported three controlled experiments to systemize the truth-value judgment collection of d

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46

Polanowska-Sygulska, Beata. "The Crucifix Dispute and Value Pluralism." Analyse & Kritik 41, no. 2 (2019): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2019-0019.

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Abstract This article seeks to interpret the striking divergence between the two judgments passed by the European Court of Human Rights in the Lautsi v Italy case in terms of value pluralism. The latter is a hotly debated position in ethics, brought to life in the second half of the twentieth century by Isaiah Berlin. Pluralism elucidates these in interesting ways. First, value pluralism sheds light on three major aspects of the trial before the European Court of Human Rights: the nature of the collision of values, the discrepancy between the two decisions, and the rationale of the final judgm

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47

Lewis, Russell. "Judgments of Value, Judgments of Fact: The Ethical Dimension of Biohistorical Research." Public Historian 28, no. 1 (2006): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2006.28.1.93.

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The public increasingly views DNA testing as an unassailable way to verify the identity of historical figures. The Chicago Historical Society explored the appropriateness of DNA analysis and other forensic scientific methods to authenticate Lincoln assassination-related artifacts in its collection. The study concluded that DNA testing would damage or destroy the artifacts. More importantly, it determined that DNA and other scientific analysis of historical artifacts or historical figures' remains should be done only in the context of an ethical framework. The article discusses the development

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48

Chung, Ku-Tae. "A Review of Major Supreme Court Precedents on Inheritance Law Rendered in 2021." Korean Society Of Family Law 36, no. 2 (2022): 403–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31998/ksfl.2022.36.2.403.

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In this article, I examined the main precedents of the inheritance law sentenced in 2021. The subjects of these judgments are as follows: ① Supreme Court judgment on June 10, 2021, concerning the partition of inherited property by agreement and the period of exercise of the creditor’s right of revocation, ② Supreme Court judgment on February 25, 2021, regarding acceptance of qualified acceptance declaration and the effect of special qualified acceptance, ③ Supreme Court judgment on June 10, 2021, concerning the method of returning legal reserve of inheritance and the standard time for calculat

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49

Cheng, Le, and Lianzhen He. "Revisiting judgment translation in Hong Kong." Semiotica 2016, no. 209 (2016): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0007.

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AbstractAs Hong Kong is the only common law jurisdiction operating in Chinese, alongside English, writing a common law judgment in Chinese is like exploring an uncharted domain in legal discourse. Apart from those judgments originally written in Chinese, Chinese judgments have also been prepared by way of translation from English. Besides, there are also English translations of Chinese judgments of jurisprudential value. Judgments in Hong Kong therefore present an interesting case for study both from a legal point of view and from the perspective of discourse analysis. As Chinese judgments in

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50

Malinowski, Andrzej. "O sądach wartościujących w wykładni doktrynalnej sensu stricto w opisowym ujęciu pragmatycznym." Studia Iuridica, no. 86 (June 14, 2021): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.11.

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The subject of the article is a description of reasoning that occurs in the doctrinal interpretation process, in which value judgments are used. The value judgments in doctrinal interpretation have been grouped according to the subject of the evaluation. Distinctions were made regarding the semantic ambiguities of the legal text, syntactic ambiguities of the legal text, and validation problems, filling the gap by using analogia legis.

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