Academic literature on the topic 'Value relevance research (VRR)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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Reitmaier, Christine, and Wolfgang Schultze. "Enhanced business reporting: value relevance and determinants of valuation-related disclosures." Journal of Intellectual Capital 18, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 832–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2016-0136.
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Purpose Enhanced business reporting (EBR) seeks to address the information needs of investors when making company valuations for investment decisions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relevance for market valuation of EBR disclosures that are directly related to firm valuation (value-based reporting (VBR)). Design/methodology/approach Data are hand collected from annual reports of German publicly listed companies over five years. The content analysis is based on the valuation-related disclosure framework of the German Schmalenbach Society of Business Administration. A 2SLS approach accounts for potential endogeneity. Findings Share-based compensation, leverage, corporate size, and share volatility are significant determinants of VBR. The level of VBR is significantly associated with market values and provides additional market value explanatory power, indicating its relevance to investors in the process of valuation and decision making. Also, the relevance of book value and earnings for explaining market values increases for firms with better VBR. The findings are robust to the exclusion of banks and assurance companies and to alternative model and variable specifications. Research limitations/implications The research contributes to the literature on voluntary disclosures by testing an EBR framework explicitly derived from valuation theory. The results provide indirect evidence of the investors’ use of respective valuation techniques in decision making. A contribution is made to the value relevance literature by showing that valuation-related disclosures constitute a suitable proxy for “other information” in the Ohlson’s (1995) model. Such disclosures complement traditional accounting metrics, i.e. book value and earnings, as basis for valuations. Potential caveats relate to the content analysis of annual reports and the endogeneity of voluntary disclosures. Originality/value This paper informs the debate on further developments of EBR in helping to identify important components thereof.
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Shaikh, Omar. "On the relevance of higher-moments for portfolio-management within Islamic finance." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 13, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2018-0388.
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Purpose Using a convenient tail-risk measure of performance, this paper aims to explore the extent to which incorporating higher statistical moments such as an assets skewness and kurtosis, provides further insight into the potential benefits of asset-class diversification within the realm of Islamic finance. Design/methodology/approach The authors use Engle’s (2002) DCC-GARCH model to study the dynamic conditional correlations between asset classes. Furthermore, the authors use the modified value-at-risk (Favre and Galeano, 2002), which incorporates higher statistical moments, to measure the performance of portfolios during both crisis and bullish regimes. Findings The most important finding relates to the estimation of portfolio tail-risk. In particular, the authors find that using a standard two-moment value-at-risk (VaR) measure, which assumes normally distributed returns, rather than a four-moment VaR, which incorporates an asset skewness and kurtosis, can lead to a substantial underestimation of portfolio risk during the most extreme market conditions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the extremely limited research considering higher-moments within the realm of Islamic portfolio-management. The results suggest that Islamic portfolio managers should remain cognisant of the skewness and kurtosis parameters of their assets. Ignoring higher-moments could induce misleading inferences and would, therefore, constitute imprudent risk-management.
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Benavides, Guillermo. "Asymmetric Volatility Relevance in Risk Management: An Empirical Analysis using Stock Index Futures." Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas 16, TNEA (September 14, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21919/remef.v16i0.704.
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The objective of this research work is to show the relevance of asymmetries in estimating volatility. The methodology consists in the application of ARCH-type models and implied volatilities of options (IV) to estimate Value-at-Risk (VaR). These for a portfolio of stock index futures for various time horizons. The empirical analysis is carried out for the futures contracts for the Standard and Poors 500 and Mexican Stock Exchange Indices. According to the results, the IV model is superior in terms of precision compared to the ARCH-type models. It is recommended to use the relevant statistical gains when asymmetries are included with respect to when asymmetries are not used. The referred gains range from 4 to 150 basis points of minimum capital risk requirements. The originality of the present work consists of showing the importance of considering the asymmetric effects with IV and ARCH-type models in volatility forecasts within risk management analysis. It is concluded that the methodology means gains in monetary terms.
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Schrage, Stephanie. "Ethnografische Methoden in der Managementforschung." Der Betriebswirt: Volume 61, Issue 4 61, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/dbw.61.4.195.
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Abstract This paper deals with the subject of ethnographic methods and discusses them regarding their relevance in management research. Ethnographic methods describe longitudinal studies of well-defined communities that are based on direct observation and the researcher’s participation in the research context. The paper identifies ethnography as especially capable to study communities in their specific context, temporality, culture and complexity. However, the method is limited concerning generalization and value judgement, and requires time, effort, and willingness to deal with uncertainty. Considering these limitations, the paper concludes that ethnographic methods are of high relevance to management research in order to address inductive and theory-building research questions. Zusammenfassung Dieses Paper befasst sich mit ethnografischen Methoden und diskutiert ihre Relevanz in der Managementforschung. Die Ethnografie beschreibt Langzeitstudien, die auf direkter Beobachtung und Teilhabe der Forschenden am Forschungskontext basieren. Die Ethnografie wird als geeignet identifiziert, um Gemeinschaften in ihrem Kontext und ihrer Temporalität, Kultur und Komplexität zu beforschen. Als Limitationen der Methode lassen sich die erschwerte Generalisiertbarkeit, der hohe Studienaufwand und die Studienunsicherheit und die problematische Wertfreiheit festhalten. Das Paper schließt mit dem Fazit, dass die Ethnografie, unter Berücksichtigung der Limitationen, einen großen Beitrag zur Managementforschung leisten kann und insbesondere für induktive und theoriebildende Fragestellungen geeignet ist. Es lässt sich vermuten, dass die Methode vor Hintergrund der Globalisierung und Digitalisierung weiter an Bedeutsamkeit gewinnen wird, da diese die Komplexität von Forschungskontexten erhöhen.
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Amrial, Ahmad Mikail, and Tika Arundina. "Implementation of dual monetary policy and its relevance to inflation and unemployment in the Phillips curve context in Indonesia." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12, no. 5 (November 11, 2019): 680–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2018-0398.
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Purpose Studies linking monetary policy to inflation and unemployment rates in the context of the Phillips curve are limited to conventional economics. On the other hand, research related to application of the dual monetary policy is limited to discussion of monetary policy transmission lines, especially in Islamic banking channels. Therefore, this study aims to determine the monetary policy response in implementation of the dual monetary policy to two important indicators in the macro economy, namely, inflation and unemployment. In addition, the study reveals the relevance of the Phillips curve in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach The method used is vector auto regression vector autoregression (VAR) with monthly data from February 2005 to October 2016 for the first model and semi-annual data from February 2005 to August 2017 for the second model. Analysis of VAR estimation in this research uses the impulse response function (IRF) to analyze the degree of sensitivity or responsiveness to a shock between variables and the variance decomposition (VD) application to analyze how the proportion of each independent variable’s contribution affects the money supply. Findings The result shows that monetary policy has responded appropriately to the problems of inflation and unemployment. However, inflation generates a bigger response than unemployment. Bank Indonesia considers the inflation expectations aspect of both conventional and Islamic references. Finally, the concept of the Phillips curve proves to be irrelevant in Indonesia. Practical implications The central bank is expected to build a more effective policy for transmission from the monetary sector to the real sector to effectively overcome the problems of inflation and unemployment. Furthermore, Indonesia needs to increase policies to overcome problems on the supply side. Originality/value The results of this study provide new insights into application of the dual monetary policy toward inflation and unemployment.
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Hamilton, Lindsay, Nick Evans, and James Allcock. ""I don’t go to Meetings": understanding farmer perspectives on bovine TB and biosecurity training." Veterinary Record 184, no. 13 (January 7, 2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104995.
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In 2016, a veterinary service company, XL Farmcare UK, was awarded a Defra contract to manage a series of on-farm demonstration workshops to raise biosecurity awareness. The workshops provided free training for cattle farmers in England on the practical measures that they could take to limit the threat of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Despite communicating these events to farmers, the number who subsequently attended them was low and the company decided to conduct research to seek explanation. Farmers were interviewed at agricultural shows, their comments analysed and the frequency of words in use were measured to produce a set of common themes. This thematic analysis provides an illustrative rather than representative picture of farmer opinions yet holds significant explanatory value for understanding the apparent lack of engagement with biosecurity training. Broad-ranging farmer perspectives can be understood through a ‘typology’ of feelings about bTB, particularly expressions of blame, loss, confusion, ignorance, resignation and fear. The cumulative effect amounts to one of overwhelming negativity, explaining why so many farmers disengaged from training provision; a finding with relevance and value for the way training providers plan future communication methods in relation to biosecurity risk mitigation.
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Kushnirenko, Оksana, and Olga Zarudna. "Opportunities for the integration of the Ukrainian industry into global value chains." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 20, 2018): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-65-74.
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Relevance of the research topic is due to the impact of globalization which had brought an increasing number of more and more products pass through global value-added chains to reach the end users. That has led to new forms of transnational production, that gives new opportunities for Ukrainian producers. Formulation of the problem. The utilizing the opportunities and mitigating the negative impact of the liberalization of foreign trade makes new requirements for production oriented businesses in a more open and competitive international environment. The development of global production systems provides opportunities for participating in global value chains, that opens up new opportunities for the industry of Ukraine and requires further scientific researches. Analysis of recent research and publications. There are various dimensions to the development of global value chains of industry that need to be taken into account. The most important of these are P.Marsh, R.Kaplinski and Morris, K.Schwab, R.Rajk, D.Rodrik, E.Rajnert, S.Veber, P Labasta, G. Dzerffi, Geets VM, Vishnevsky AS, Deineko LV, Kizim NA, Kvasha TK, Lyashenko VI, Musina LA, Pyatnitsky VT, Sidenko V.R. and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In the context of increasing influence of integration processes on the development of international trade and production, the problem of choosing the most effective ways of integration into global value chains for the processing industry of Ukraine as a reliable supplier of products with a higher degree of processing remains insufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the article is to analyze the features of the formation of value added chains and ways of integrating them into the processing industry of Ukraine as a reliable supplier of products with a higher degree of processing. The purpose of the study is developing the proposals for possible constructive ways of promoting the integration of Ukrainian processing industry into global value-added chains. Method or methodology for conducting research. This paper used of general scientific: abstract-logical, induction and deduction, systemic approach; analysis, and synthesis and special scientific research methods: statistical comparisons, grouping, sampling; structure-functional analysis, expert judgments. Presentation of the main material (results of work).The existing approaches to the definition of the notion of value added chains are disclosed and their grouping is carried out on significant grounds; The features and modern trends in the development of global value chains in the processing industry are explored; The opportunities and the existing risks have been identified in the chain of value added for the developing countries; and substantiated practical recommendations for choosing the most effective ways of integration into global value chains for the processing industry of Ukraine as a reliable supplier of products with a higher degree of processing. The field of application of results. The results of this research can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's integration industrial policy. Conclusions according to the article. In the article authors was made in assessment of the integration of Ukrainian manufacturing companies into global value chains. The adoption of effective tools and instruments for encouraging the entry of Ukraine's processing industry into global value chains provides for the creation of effective policies and institutions, aimed at eliminating restrictions in the the Ukrainian producers integration into international production networks.
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Urazbaeva, Alina, Valentin Voytenkov, and Rogneda Groznykh. "The analysis of COVID-19 impact on the internet and telecommunications service sector through modelling the dependence of shares of Russian companies on the American stock market." R-Economy 6, no. 3 (2020): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2020.6.3.014.
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Relevance. The coronavirus pandemic has both negative and less obvious positive effects on the world economy. In order to better understand these processes, it is necessary to examine the sectors that have shown growth against the general decline in production. Such sectors include the Internet and telecommunication services. Research objective. The purpose of this study is to model the impact of the pandemic and foreign companies on the value of shares of Russian tech companies. Data and methods. The study involves daily share price data of such American corporations as Google, PayPal, Netflix, Adobe, and the Russian company Yandex. Moreover, we used the dummy variable Covid-19. The econometric analysis was conducted by using vector autoregression (VAR). The direction of cause-and-effect relationships was investigated with the help of the Granger test, and the effect of single shocks, through impulse response functions (IRF). Results. A stable VAR model was built. The IRF graphs were used to describe the impact of the pandemic and the value of US. companies on Russian companies. Conclusions. The study shows that the 2020 pandemic has proven to be a positive shock for companies in the ICT sector, contributing to increased demand for their services and market capitalization. The pandemic has affected both Russian and foreign companies. The study has also found the influence of the American stock market on share prices in Russia. Russian companies reacted to changes in the American stock market with a lag of up to 10 days.
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Ushakova, O. V., A. V. Molchanova, and L. L. Bondareva. "Content of biologically active substances in seedlings of cabbage of the genus Brassica L." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-1-96-104.
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Relevance. Photosynthetic seedlings, as a model object, are interesting both in the study of nutritional value and the species response of a plant organism to the cultivation.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the laboratory analytical department of the FSBSI FSVC. The material of the research was sprouts of Brassica chinensis L., cv. Vesnyanka; Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck, cv. Tonus; Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC., cv. Malinovka; Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., hybrid F1 Sonata and cv. Venskaya Belaya 1350; Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell., cv. Gako 741. The seeds of the 2018 harvest were germinated in filter paper cassettes using distilled water. The cassettes with seeds were placed in a thermostat under constant illumination and a temperature of 25°C. They have been germinated for 8 days, after which a biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out.Results. It was found out that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in the studied of cabbage crops was in the range of concentrations from 3.58-4.57 mg-eq HA/g (wet weight). According to this indicator of 8-day-old seedlings, red cabbage variety Gako 741 was distinguished by the maximum values. The total content of antioxidants in the alcoholic extract ranged from 21.24 to 28.23 mg-eq HA/g (dry weight). The content of polyphenols – in the concentration range of 16.39-24.94 mg-eq of HA/g (dry weight). As a result of the research, direct correlations of the studied characteristics were revealed. A high correlation was shown between the content of water-soluble antioxidants and dry matter (r=0.72...0.98) and between the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls (r=0.98...0. 99).
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Solovyeva, Alla E., Tatiana V. Shelenga, and Anna M. Artemyeva. "The metabolomic approach to the complex biochemical characteristics of cole Brassica oleracea L." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-72-79.
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Relevance A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, cabbage originated in culture from the large-leaved forms of leafy cabbage. Portuguese tronchuda is a transitional form to a typical headed cabbage. It is represented by leafy and semi-capped forms and evolutionarily related to Portuguese halega (Galician) leafy cabbage. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (DC.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.) is the most significant in the world and Russian economy. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (varieties of white cabbage and tronchuda) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Methods The research material included 48 samples of cabbage, including 27 samples of 13 European cultivar types, including Dutch, Central European and South European cultivar types, 8 samples – two Russian northwestern and central Russian cultivar types and 13 samples – five oriental cultivar types of Caucasian and Turkish-Balkan origin, 9 samples – Portuguese cabbage tronchuda from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographic and genetic diversity of cabbage. Samples of cabbage were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of VIR. Results As a result of using of the modern non-specific metabolic approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of white cabbage, about 100 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, wax, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques, including the nonspecific metabolic approach, new data on the biochemical composition of white and semi-capped forms were obtained. The cabbage within the studied botanical varieties and groups of cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes cabbage samples as samples with potentially high value (the role and importance of far from all compounds in the organization of healthy human nutrition is known), which confirms the need for in-depth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Samples with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of theRussian Federation were found.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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Ahumada, P. E. "The theoretical relevance of an updated Marxian theory of commodity in economics." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/365.
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How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx's answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society's labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society's labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith's invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.
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Qureshi, Maqsood Iqbal. "The value relevance of goodwill, advertising and research and development [R&D] expenditures : some UK evidence." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433052.
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Motokawa, Katsuhiro. "Research on Corporate Disclosure of Human Capital:An Analysis from the Decision-Usefulness Approach." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233830.
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Clout, Victoria Jane. "Investigating the relationship between market values and accounting numbers for 30 selected Australian listed companies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16515/1/Victoria_Jane_Clout_Thesis.pdf.
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In capital market research (CMR) studies of the value relevance of accounting numbers are founded upon the concept that, in equilibrium, the book values are equal to or have some long-term relationship with the market value and that market returns are related to book returns.
This thesis seeks to resolve a gap in the CMR by examining 30 selected individual firms listed on the Australian stock market during the period 1950 to 2004, using equilibrium correction modelling techniques. Even these limited prior works used cross-sectional techniques rather than the long-run, time-series, analysis used in this study. Moreover, dynamic analysis in the CMR has tended to focus on indexes or portfolio data rather than using firm-specific case study data of the type modelled here. No prior research has taken this approach using Australian data.
The results of this thesis indicated that an equilibrium correction relationship between market values and book values for firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) could be determined by using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The findings of the thesis were consistent with the literature in terms of the variables suggested and important in the firm's valuation from the three main approaches, the analysts (industry) approach, the finance and accounting theory (textbook) approach and the CMR literature approach. The earnings, dividends and book value variables are significant in their relationships with the firm's market values. The models constructed were typically more informative and had an increased forecasting performance compared with the a priori models tested, based on theory and the literature.
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Clout, Victoria Jane. "Investigating the relationship between market values and accounting numbers for 30 selected Australian listed companies." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16515/.
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In capital market research (CMR) studies of the value relevance of accounting numbers are founded upon the concept that, in equilibrium, the book values are equal to or have some long-term relationship with the market value and that market returns are related to book returns. This thesis seeks to resolve a gap in the CMR by examining 30 selected individual firms listed on the Australian stock market during the period 1950 to 2004, using equilibrium correction modelling techniques. Even these limited prior works used cross-sectional techniques rather than the long-run, time-series, analysis used in this study. Moreover, dynamic analysis in the CMR has tended to focus on indexes or portfolio data rather than using firm-specific case study data of the type modelled here. No prior research has taken this approach using Australian data. The results of this thesis indicated that an equilibrium correction relationship between market values and book values for firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) could be determined by using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The findings of the thesis were consistent with the literature in terms of the variables suggested and important in the firm's valuation from the three main approaches, the analysts (industry) approach, the finance and accounting theory (textbook) approach and the CMR literature approach. The earnings, dividends and book value variables are significant in their relationships with the firm's market values. The models constructed were typically more informative and had an increased forecasting performance compared with the a priori models tested, based on theory and the literature.
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Suwardi, Eko. "Exploring the relationship between market values and accounting numbers of firms listed in an emerging market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15986/1/Eko_Suwardi_Thesis.pdf.
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Studies of the relationship between market values and accounting numbers have long been a part of an established theme in capital markets research (CMR). These studies have taken various forms, most being conducted on a cross sectional basis, tied closely with the assumptions of equilibrium behaviour and efficient markets.
Explanatory variables for market value have been dominated by firm-specific variables without incorporating macroeconomic variables. Recently, however, some studies have employed macroeconomic variables and dynamic specification in assessing the relationship between market values and accounting numbers (e.g. Bilson et al. 2001, Nissim and Penman, 2003, and Willett, 2003).
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between share prices and accounting numbers on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period 1992-2002, using dynamic modelling principles in addition to the more usual cross sectional analysis. The approach to regression modelling (general-to-specific strategy)incorporated in this thesis relies less heavily than most CMR on prior economic theories of equilibrium behaviour. Apart from these novel aspects of approach and
method, the study also provides valuable information about the emerging financial
markets of Indonesia.
The results of this thesis show that cointegration and the accompanying equilibrium
correction relationship between market and book values for firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) can often be identified using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The models are typically more informative, plausible and consistent than cross sectional models and are useful in interpreting the context in which the market to book relationship exists in Indonesia. A possibly surprising result is that in Indonesia, compared to similar models estimated using US data, the book value of net assets seems to have a stronger relationship with market value. This may be a function of the
relative importance of financial statements as a source of information on the JSX.
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Suwardi, Eko. "Exploring the relationship between market values and accounting numbers of firms listed in an emerging market." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15986/.
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Studies of the relationship between market values and accounting numbers have long been a part of an established theme in capital markets research (CMR). These studies have taken various forms, most being conducted on a cross sectional basis, tied closely with the assumptions of equilibrium behaviour and efficient markets. Explanatory variables for market value have been dominated by firm-specific variables without incorporating macroeconomic variables. Recently, however, some studies have employed macroeconomic variables and dynamic specification in assessing the relationship between market values and accounting numbers (e.g. Bilson et al. 2001, Nissim and Penman, 2003, and Willett, 2003). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between share prices and accounting numbers on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period 1992-2002, using dynamic modelling principles in addition to the more usual cross sectional analysis. The approach to regression modelling (general-to-specific strategy)incorporated in this thesis relies less heavily than most CMR on prior economic theories of equilibrium behaviour. Apart from these novel aspects of approach and method, the study also provides valuable information about the emerging financial markets of Indonesia. The results of this thesis show that cointegration and the accompanying equilibrium correction relationship between market and book values for firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) can often be identified using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The models are typically more informative, plausible and consistent than cross sectional models and are useful in interpreting the context in which the market to book relationship exists in Indonesia. A possibly surprising result is that in Indonesia, compared to similar models estimated using US data, the book value of net assets seems to have a stronger relationship with market value. This may be a function of the relative importance of financial statements as a source of information on the JSX.
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Senthilnathan, Samithamby. "The role of the most recent prior period's price in value relevance studies : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/930.
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Numerous value relevance investigations use the Ohlson (1995) model to empirically explore the value relevance of accounting variables such as earnings and goodwill amortisation by employing equity price as the dependent variable, but do not incorporate the most recent prior period’s equity price as an additional explanatory variable. The Ohlson (1995) model and the efficient market literature indicate that, since share prices represent the present value of future permanent earnings in an efficient market, the most recent prior period’s equity price should be a crucial variable for explaining the current price in value relevance models. This thesis therefore outlines how the Ohlson (1995) model incorporates the most recent prior period’s price as a potentially important value relevant explanatory variable, and reformulates the Ohlson (1995) model to demonstrate how the empirical specification of value relevance regression models can be greatly improved by including the most recent prior period’s price as an additional explanatory variable. We revisit the Jennings, LeClere, and Thompson (2001) empirical specification used to study whether goodwill amortisation is value relevant and potentially informative with respect to future earnings to illustrate the improvement to the Ohlson (1995) value relevance model empirical specification. When the model specification is improved by including the most recent prior period’s price as an additional explanatory variable, trailing earnings are shown, using time series, cross-sectional, and returns-based analysis, to be at best marginally value relevant when empirically explaining share prices in value relevance regression models. The thesis also indicates that goodwill amortisation should not be deducted from earnings in accounting statements because the presence of goodwill amortisation is significantly positively (not negatively) related to equity prices. This effect is eliminated when the most recent prior period’s price is included as an additional explanatory variable in the regression analysis, thus indicating that goodwill amortisation information as well as trailing earnings information have already been incorporated into the most recent prior period’s price. The thesis further indicates that value relevance studies that use the Ohlson (1995) model should use, for econometric reasons, change in price or else returns, not the price level, as the dependent variable. When returns are used to test the value relevance of goodwill amortisation, firms that report positive goodwill amortization actually have higher subsequent returns, a result that could possibly be due to the fact that growing firms tend to possess goodwill when they use acquisitions to expand. Results obtained when using returns to test whether goodwill amortisation is value relevant therefore extend the existing literature, since the prevailing expectation in the accounting literature is that goodwill amortization either represents a reduction in the value of goodwill over time or is not value relevant.
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Horndahl, Hampus, David Petersson, and Gerhard sköldeholt. "Nedskrivning av Goodwill : Finns det skäl för företag att vara oroliga?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96905.
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The purpose of this thesis is to determine if impairment of goodwill is a value relevant factor to the investors in the companies listed on the Stockholm Large Cap stock exchange. This paper focuses on the annual reports from the 100 largest companies listed on the exchange. The empirical model used is Capital Market Research and Market Based Accounting Research which is derived from Positive Accounting Theory. Capital Market Research and Market Based Accounting Research are based on critical assumptions made in the Efficient Market Hypothesis which is why it has its own section in the theoretical chapter. The theoretical chapter contains extensive information regarding the components of goodwill, its uses in accounting and how it is meant to be dealt with. The analysis connects our empirical findings with our empirical model in order to draw conclusions from the output gathered in Minitab. Our analysis shows that only small proportions of the large quantities of goodwill on the Swedish stock exchange are impaired on a yearly basis. We also find that impairment of goodwill does not have a significant impact on market value, however goodwill itself does. Investors either do not view impairment of goodwill as value relevant, or the impairment was known beforehand and was therefore reflected in the price of the stock. Goodwill is considered value relevant most likely due to investors viewing the preeminence of goodwill as a sign that the company will draw benefit from the underlying assets for years to come. We conclude that impairment of goodwill is not a value relevant factor to the investors in the Swedish stock exchange, but that goodwill, and increasing goodwill is. The paper ends with suggestions for further research.Syftet med denna avhandling är att fastställa om nedskrivning av goodwill är en värderelevant faktor för investerarna på den svenska Large Cap-börsen. Denna avhandling fokuserar på årsredovisningarna från de 100 största bolagen som är noterade på denna börs. De empiriska modeller som används är kapitalmarknadsforskning och marknadsbaserad redovisningsforskning, vilka båda härstammar från positiv redovisningsteori. Kapitalmarknadsforskning och marknadsbaserad redovisningsforskning baseras på viktiga antagande gjorda i den effektiva marknadshypotesen, som har sitt egna avsnitt under teorikapitlet. Teorikapitlet innehåller omfattande information gällande komponenterna i goodwill, dess användning inom redovisning samt hanteringen av goodwill. Analysen kopplar samman våra empiriska fynd med vår empiriska modell i syfte att dra slutsatser kring resultaten som sammanställts från programmet Minitab. Vår analys visar att förhållandevis små mängder av de enorma goodwillposterna på den svenska Large cap-börsen skrivs ner på årlig basis. Vi finner också att nedskrivning av goodwill inte har någon väsentlig påverkan på bolagets marknadsvärde, vilket däremot goodwillposten i sig har. Antingen så ser inte investerarna nedskrivning av goodwill som värderelevant eller så var nedskrivningarna kända i förväg och således redan inräknade i aktiens pris. Att goodwill i sig är betraktat som värderelevant beror troligen på att investerarna ser innehavet av goodwill som ett tecken på att bolaget kommer dra nytta av dessa underliggande tillgångar under de kommande åren. Vi drar slutsatsen att nedskrivning av goodwill inte är en värderelevant faktor för investerarna på den svenska börsen, men däremot att goodwill och en ökning av goodwillposten är värderelevant. Uppsatsen avslutas med förslag till ytterligare forskning
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Frostå, Amanda, and Beatrice Bergander. "Goodwillnedskrivningarnas värderelevans: belägg från Storbritannien." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16177.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan redovisad nedskrivning av goodwill och börsvärdet hos företag noterade vid London Stock Exchange mellan 2009 och 2012. Inledning: EU införde 2005 en ny standard för koncernredovisning. Syftet med den nya redovisningsstandarden, IFRS 3, är att öka relevansen, pålitligheten och jämförbarheten i den finansiella rapporteringen. Detta medförde bland annat att posten goodwill inte längre får skrivas av enligt plan, utan årligen ska testas för eventuell nedskrivning. Metod: För att fylla studiens syfte har vi använt oss av en kvantitativ undersökning, där relevant data har samlats in via marknadsdata och analysverktyget Bloomberg. Studien genomfördes på de största företagen registrerade på London Stock Exchange med undantag för de företag som inte hade den data som krävdes för att vara relevanta för studiens syfte. Svaren analyserades genom multipel regressionsanalys samt deskriptiv statistik framställda i statistikverktyget Minitab. Slutsats: Undersökningen visade att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant negativt samband mellan nedskrivning av goodwill och börsvärde. Detta tyder på att investerare anser att en nedskrivning av goodwill är ett tecken på att börsvärdet försämrats. Resultatet kan tolkas som att investerare litar på företagsledningens förmåga att värdera goodwillpostens storlek.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a correlation between reported goodwill impairment and market value for companies listed on the London Stock Exchange between the years 2009 and 2012. Introduction: A new accounting standard was introduced in the EU in 2005, which meant a new standard for mergers. The goal of the new accounting standard, IFRS 3, is to increase the relevance, reliability and comparability in financial reporting. This resulted in a change where goodwill no longer will be amortized, but tested annually for impairment. Method: To fulfil the purpose of this study, we used a quantitative method where secondary data was collected from the market data and analyst tool Bloomberg. The study was conducted on the largest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange, except for the firms that did not have the data relevant for the purpose of the study. The responses were analysed by multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics analysis, both produced by the statistical software Minitab. Conclusion: The findings indicate a statistical significant correlation between the impairment of goodwill and decrease in share price. This suggests that investors believe that goodwill impairment is indicative of a decrease in expected present value of future returns, i.e. decrease in share price. The result can be interpreted as evidence that investors rely on the corporate management's ability to value the firm’s goodwill.
Books on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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O'Cathain, Alicia. Rationales for using qualitative research with RCTs. Edited by Alicia O'Cathain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198802082.003.0001.
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The focus of this chapter is on why researchers may want to use qualitative research with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to generate evidence of effectiveness. The chapter starts by offering definitions of qualitative research and randomized controlled trials. It then moves on to exploring the types of interventions and contexts where qualitative research may be of most value. Ten rationales for combining qualitative research with RCTs are explored, followed by exploration of concerns researchers have expressed about this endeavour. Finally, the relevance of qualitative research to different fields of health research is considered.
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Felde, Andrea Kronstad, Tor Halvorsen, Anja Myrtveit, and Reidar Øygard. Democracy and the Discourse on Relevance Within the Academic Profession at Makerere University. African Minds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502272.
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Democracy and the Discourse of Relevanceis set against the backdrop of the spread of neoliberal ideas and reforms since the 1980s, accepting also that these ideas are rooted in a longer history. It focuses on how neoliberalism has worked to transform the university sector and the academic profession. In particular, it examines how understandings of, and control over, what constitutes relevant knowledge have changed. Taken as a whole, these changes have sought to reorient universities and academics towards economic development in various ways. This includes the installation of strategies for how institutions and academics achieve recognition and status within the academy, the privatisation of educational services and the downgrading of the value of public higher education, as well as a steady shift away from the public funding for universities. Research universities are increasingly adopting a user- and market-oriented model, with an emphasis on meeting corporate demands, the privileging of short-term research, and a strong tendency to view utility, and the potential to sell intellectual property for profit, as primary criteria for determining the relevance of academic knowledge. The privatisation of education services and the reorienting of universities towards the needs of the ‘knowledge economy’ have largely succeeded in transforming the discourse around the role of the academic profession in society, including in many African countries. Makerere University in Uganda has often been lauded as an example of successful transformation along neoliberal lines. However, our research into the working lives of academics at Makerere revealed a very different picture. Far from epitomising the allegedly positive outcomes of neoliberal reform, academics and postgraduate students interviewed at Makerere provide worrying insights into the undermining of a vibrant and independent academic culture. The stories of the ordinary academics on the ground, the empirical focus of the book, are in contrast to the claimed successes of the university; and the official stories of the university leadership and administration paint a picture of an academic profession in crisis. With diminishing influence on deciding what is relevant knowledge and thus on processes of democratization of their own institution and society, academic freedom is also losing its value. This perspective from the ground-level exposes the many problems that neoliberal reforms have created for academics at Makerere, leaving them feeling disempowered, often reducing them to the status of consultants. We also show how a range of local initiatives are steadily increasing resistance to the neoliberal model. We consider how academics and others can further mobilise to regain control over what knowledge is considered relevant, and thereby deepen democracy. In so doing, we aim to highlight some responses and actions that have proven effective so far. Democracy and the Discourse of Relevancewill hopefully help to change the systems that value knowledge in ways that are driving research institutions towards competitive and market-like behaviour. We also aim to contribute to contemporary debates about what knowledge is relevant.
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Ramanadhan, Shoba, Racquel E. Kohler, and K. Viswanath. Partnerships and Networks to Support Implementation Science. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0038.
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Partnerships between researchers and stakeholders offer an opportunity to bring scientific and practice-based knowledge and experience together to improve the quality, value, and relevance of implementation science efforts and increase the application of findings. The chapter covers (1) a continuum of engagement for research–practice partnerships, including the benefits and challenges of engaged implementation science; (2) challenges and opportunities for partnerships in implementation science in community, policy, public opinion, and public–private partnership domains; (3) implementation science partnership evaluation, with an emphasis on social network analysis; and (4) a series of questions for the field as increasing attention is paid to partnerships for implementation science.
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Staley, Kent W. Decisions, Decisions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0003.
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Much of the discussion of the argument from inductive risk (AIR) centers on scientific research that has relevance to policymaking. To emphasize that inductive risk pervades science, this chapter discusses the AIR in the context of high energy physics: specifically, the discovery of the Higgs boson, a scientific finding that is irrelevant to policy. The applicability of the AIR for the case of the Higgs boson is established through a pragmatic approach to scientific inquiry, emphasizing the centrality of practical decision problems to the production of scientific knowledge. This approach, drawing on debates among pragmatists over the interpretation of statistical inference, eschews the classification of value judgments into epistemic and non-epistemic.
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McComas, Alan J. Aranzio's Seahorse and the Search for Memory and Consciousness. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192868244.001.0001.
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Abstract Completing a neuroscience trilogy, prize-winning author Alan McComas recounts the research that led to the hippocampus, a structure deep within the brain, as being primarily responsible for memory. The intriguing and exciting account includes observations on patients with memory loss as well as insights from ingenious laboratory experiments. Using several arguments, McComas suggests that it is the electrical activity of neurons in the hippocampus that creates consciousness and that the latter is, in fact, the ever-changing sequence of short-term memories. With its many illustrations and referenced sources ‘Aranzio’s Seahorse’ will be of value not only to neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers but to all those interested in the brain and in the history of its exploration. Its relevance for a fuller understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders of memory including ‘long’ COVID is obvious.
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Hoff, Paul. On reification of mental illness: Historical and conceptual issues from Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0014.
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Reification is the assumption that mental illnesses exist independent of the observer’s conceptualization. The present debate usually addresses naturalistic reification, i.e., the definition of mental illness as an empirically detectable neurobiological dysfunction. This chapter discusses Kraepelin’s and Bleuler’s views on nosology and the position of current operationalized diagnoses (DSM-5, ICD-10), delineating recent debate on the relevance of new research technologies.There are two main conclusions: (1) “Mental illness” always refers to a concept, not to a given thing. This does not reduce the scientific value of neurobiological research: If subjective and interpersonal phenomena are acknowledged although they do not fit into a strictly naturalistic framework, sound neurobiological research will be promoted, not hampered. (2) Diagnostic and therapeutic processes in psychiatry require human interaction, so any model of mental illness must address interpersonality. Recent phenomenological concepts support this view and it seems particularly promising to reevaluate the philosophical approaches of Kant and Fichte in this respect.
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Görlitz, Anna. What can we learn from Deferred Tax Accountig? Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.404.
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The StuFo-Expo gives me the opportunity to make my research accessible to a broad, interdisciplinary public as part of my doctoral project. I also get the chance to get to know research topics, results and methods across disciplines. It is a unique project that connects students with one another and promotes important student skills. The topic of my research is the value relevance of deferred taxes. I am investigating the question of whether deferred taxes provide additional information for various stakeholders when predicting future corporate development. To do this, I analyze the almost 1,800 available annual financial statements of all companies listed in the DAX Prime Standard between 2007 and 2018. The poster I submitted shows that deferred taxes help forecast the development of the market value of equity up to two years in advance. Deferred tax assets as probable future tax repayments contribute positively to the company value and therefore to the market value, and deferred tax liabilities as probable future tax payments contribute negatively to the company value and therefore to the market value. I can also prove that the supplementary reporting on deferred taxes is rated negatively by market participants. Possible reasons for this are the high complexity of the information and the lack of transferability of this information to balance sheet and income statement figures. Interview studies also show that trust in deferred taxes and the associated reporting is low, as stakeholders suspect that deferred taxes are at least partially used for accounting policy.
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Saranakumar, Dr AR, Megha Ojha, Dr Malkar Vinod, and Dr D. Baskaran. Digital Innovation, Transformation and Disruption of Higher Education. SVDES BOOK SERIES, Delhi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842468.2022.eb.
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The theme of this book “Digital Innovation, Transformation and Disruption of Higher Education" was chosen due to its relevance in the global digitalized world. Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to create new — or modify existing — business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements. This reimagining of business in the digital age is digital transformation. Digital transformation is the integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how you operate and deliver value to customers. It's also a cultural change that requires organizations to continually challenge the status quo, experiment, and get comfortable with failure. Technology has the potential to revolutionize the traditional teaching and learning process. It can eliminate the barriers to education imposed by space and time and dramatically expand access to lifelong learning. Students no longer have to meet in the same place at the same time to learn together from an instructor. Digital transformation in higher education refers to an organizational change realized by means of digital technologies and business models with the aim to improve an institution's operational performance. The book encompasses chapters with research-based perspectives in the area of digital innovations & related fields. The book can be read as a compendium of readings of digitization of higher education institutions, business and industry. We editors offer heartfelt thanks to all contributors for their valuable research incorporated in this edited book as a chapter.
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Forster, Chris. Filthy Material. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840860.001.0001.
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Modernist literature is inextricable from the history of obscenity. The trials of such figures as James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, and Radclyffe Hall loom large in accounts of twentieth-century literature. Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity reveals the ways that debates about obscenity and literature were shaped by changes in the history of media. The emergence of film, photography, and new printing technologies shaped how “literary value” was understood, altering how obscenity was defined and which texts were considered obscene. Filthy Material rereads the history of modernist obscenity to discover the role played by technological media in debates about obscenity. The shift from the intense censorship of the early twentieth century to the effective “end of obscenity” for literature at the middle of the century was not simply a product of cultural liberalization but also of a changing media ecology. Filthy Material brings together media theory and archival research to offer a fresh account of modernist obscenity with novel readings of works of modernist literature. It sheds new light on figures at the center of modernism’s obscenity trials (such as Joyce and Lawrence), demonstrates the relevance of the discourse of obscenity to understanding figures not typically associated with obscenity debates (such as T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis), and introduces new figures to our account of modernism (such as Norah James and Jack Kahane). It reveals how modernist obscenity reflected a contest over the literary in the face of new media technologies.
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SINGH, Dr ANIMESH, Dr BHAWNA CHOUDHARY, and Dr MANISHA GUPTA. TRANSFORMING BUSINESS THROUGH DIGITALIZATION. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, DELHI, INDIA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842390.2021.eb.
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The theme of this book “Transforming Business through Digitization‖ was chosen due to its relevance in the contemporary globalized world. The world is witnessing the pace of change of digitalization like never before the similar trend will be seen in future too. With integration of value chains and supply chains becoming a global imperative, the contribution of IT enabled services and digitalization has had great impact on Tran‘s nationalisation of businesses. The responsiveness in the value chains and in the larger supply chains will be the key to increasing the market share in future. The application of Artificial Intelligence has helped the stakeholders in value chains and supply chains in making informed & quick decisions. This has been made possible due to integrated and well organized businesses linkages leading to better storage, access and management of data. The increase digitalization and ability to track and capture data at different nodes in the value chain and supply chain will help the marketers understand the impact of various variables on the sales performance of various brands. The marketers have to work of ways to convince the stakeholders about the privacy of the data. In future there is a possibility of mixing compete data privacy with fluid artificial intelligence across the supply chain making business processes easier using the technology of block chains. The most important contribution of the digitalization in the supply chain may be seen in the area of sustainability and green initiatives. The may be made possible by the way of assessing the levels of reduction in exploitative and polluting systems and processes and making progressive modifications in those systems and processes. The book- ―transforming business through digitization‖ is an attempt to record Innovative and novel manuscripts, research-based articles, case studies, conceptual outcome-oriented business models, and practices from the innovative minds of researchers and academicians. The book encompasses twenty-four chapters with research-based perspectives in the area of e-commerce, digital governance, digital transaction platforms, business analytics, and digitalization in agriculture, digital marketing, block chain, nuero marketing, search engine marketing, UPIs, Search Engine Marketing, Digi-preneurship, and digital finance. The book can be read as a compendium of readings of digitization of business and industry.
Book chapters on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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Eikelmann, Nils. "Application and Value Relevance of Value Based Performance Measures in Europe." In FOM-Edition Research, 169–259. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31429-3_4.
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Wessely, Philip. "Introduction and relevance of the research on the value determination of SCIs." In Value Determination of Supply Chain Initiatives, 1–14. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6323-9_1.
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Ertuğrul, Melik. "The Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on the Value Relevance of Accounting Items." In Contributions to Management Science, 41–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45023-6_3.
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Maris, Elena, and Nancy Baym. "Community Rankings and Affective Discipline: The Case of Fandometrics." In Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research, 323–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_14.
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AbstractTumblr’s Fandometrics is a metrics project that posts weekly fandom rankings for TV shows, movies, music, video games, ‘ships,’ and more. Tumblr describes the rankings as representing “each fandom’s influence across Tumblr.” This influence is determined with a measurement that does not account for sentiment and yet provides prominence and voice to the ‘loudest’ fandoms. Building on work on audience measurement, we argue Fandometrics encourages social jostling by online communities for relevance on the Tumblr platform, and within fandom and wider culture. By equating the strength of communities with their status as influencers or markets, these rankings usher fans towards subjectivities that put data and quantitative rankings at the centre of societal value and inter-community relationships. We argue that as metrics become more visible to users, some communities respond with a kind of affective discipline, at times exaggerating, restraining, cloaking, or reconfiguring positive and negative affect in their online engagement in line with algorithmic requirements for measurement. We identify and discuss the major affective and social implications for the communities ranked by Tumblr’s Fandometrics. Finally, we discuss efforts by some users to resist or withdraw from Fandometrics and/or the communities that value its rankings, and efforts by fans to (re)claim their own data through self-measurement. We argue that with platforms’ increasing concentration of data power, critical data studies must attend to such community-driven alternative models of data and metrics. The fandom metrics phenomenon reflects larger anxieties about value, relevance, and power in increasingly metrified online spaces.
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Eberle, Noreen, Jessica Lütgens, Andrea Pohling, Tina Spies, and Petra Bauer. "Biographical Articulation in Transition." In Life Course Research and Social Policies, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13512-5_9.
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AbstractBiographical research approaches have been relevant for the analysis of transitions in the life course for a long time. From the beginning of a social science-based analysis of (auto-)biographical narratives, the “biography” as concept was oriented towards understanding the relationship between the development of individual identity against the background of collective phenomena as well as in their relevance for life histories. But biographical narrations are also connected to discourses and discursive orientation patterns. The concept of “articulation” in the sense of Stuart Hall allows for the building of a bridge between discourses and subject positions, in describing this as a suture between discourses and a subject. Based on the re-analysis of three narrative interviews which are linked to different biographical research projects, the article explains and illustrates three different modi of articulation linked to relevant biographical transitions. All three modi of articulation are examples that show the complexity and variety of social positioning and articulation in biographical turning points. At the end the article discusses the added value and the possibilities of this approach in understanding transitions in life courses from a biographical perspective.
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Hummel, D. "The nexus between climate change, migration and gender." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 159–73. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0012.
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Abstract This chapter explores gender-specific dimensions of so-called 'climate-induced migration' and elucidates their relevance for research on climate change, gender, and livelihoods in the Global South. To this end, the chapter starts with a brief overview on the state of the scientific debate on the interlinkages of climate driven environmental change and migration, followed by a discussion of conceptual approaches applicable for the inclusion of the gender dimension. The chapter provides empirical evidence for gender relevance using a case study on the West African Sahel and ends with some considerations on policy issues and further research. In doing so, the chapter illustrates in which way a 'gender lens' adds to more robust knowledge and in what way the perspective of social ecology is of particular value.
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Merla, Laura, Jonathan Dedonder, Bérengère Nobels, and Sarah Murru. "The SOHI: Operationalizing a New Model for Studying Teenagers’ Sense of Home in Post-divorce Families." In European Studies of Population, 155–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_8.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the important question of whether, and under which conditions, children alternating between two distinct family dwellings can develop a sense of home that might nourish a sense of belonging to their sometimes, complex family configurations. We first present a theoretical framework to understand the various dimensions that influence children’s sense of home in shared custody arrangements, building on Hashemnezhad et al. (2013)’s work. We then show how this framework can be operationalized in quantitative research. For this purpose, we introduce the Sense of Home Instrument (SOHI), a new instrument for measuring the impact of material and behavioral-relational dimensions on teenagers’ sense of home at their mothers’ and fathers’. We then illustrate its relevance and value with supporting analyses of data collected through a survey conducted with Belgian adolescents aged between 11 and 18. In doing so, we propose new avenues for research on the consequences of divorce and separations for children’s identity construction and belonging, where the spatiality of family life is taken into-account.
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Marques, João Lourenço, Paulo Batista, Eduardo Anselmo Castro, and Arnab Bhattacharjee. "Spatial Automated Valuation Model (sAVM) – From the Notion of Space to the Design of an Evaluation Tool." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 75–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86973-1_6.
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AbstractAssuming that it is not possible to detach a dwelling from its location, this article highlights the relevance of space in the context of housing market analysis and the challenge of capturing the key elements of spatial structure in an automated valuation model: location attributes, heterogeneity, dependence and scale. Thus, the aim is to present a spatial automated valuation model (sAVM) prototype, which uses spatial econometric models to determine the value of a residential property, based on identification of eight housing characteristics (seven are physical attributes of a dwelling, and one is its location; once this spatial data is known, dozens of new variables are automatically associated with the model, producing new and valuable information to estimate the price of a housing unit). This prototype was developed in a successful cooperation between an academic institution (University of Aveiro) and a business company (PrimeYield SA), resulting the Prime AVM & Analytics product/service. This collaboration has provided an opportunity to materialize some of fundamental knowledge and research produced in the field of spatial econometric models over the last 15 years into decision support tools.
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De Dominicis, Stefano, and Erica Molinario. "The Elusive Quantification of Self-Esteem: Current Challenges and Future Directions." In Quantifying Quality of Life, 269–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_11.
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AbstractSelf-esteem, a person’s overall evaluation that she is valued and accepted vs. devalued and rejected by others, is crucial for people quality of life. As such, self-esteem has been central in the social-psychological literature since the late eighteenth century. However, its relevance is coupled with lack of agreement on how self-esteem is best conceived and assessed. Here we review definitions and measures of self-esteem in relation to quality of life in order (a) to understand how self-esteem has been defined, operationalized and assessed, and (b) to clarify which facets of self-esteem have been overlooked and need further study. Although we found multiple definitions of self-esteem, which led to a series of measures ranging from single item to multi-dimensional measures of state, trait and contingent self-esteem, the motivational component of self-esteem and its in-context behavioral correlates have yet to be operationalized. What follows, is that whether people think, feel, or behave in particular ways is caused by, concomitant with, or causes self-esteem, is still not understood. Because self-esteem is an emotionally laden system monitoring one’s relational value to others, we suggest that future research could use new technology-based research methods and eventually grasp real-time self-report and behavioral assessment of self-esteem. This appears a promising approach to overcome the limitations of self-esteem’s current theorizations and operationalizations. Thus, a new line of research considering the momentary experience of self-esteem, its behavioral components and its social context, could potentially unveil novel processes and mechanisms linking self-esteem and quality of life that have yet to be discovered and understood.
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Ertuğrul, Melik. "Interpretation of the Value Relevance Indicator With(out) Dummies." In Handbook of Research on Global Issues in Financial Communication and Investment Decision Making, 192–213. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9265-5.ch010.
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In the value relevance (VR) literature, the R2 figure of a regression is considered the VR indicator. Furthermore, a financial reporting item is considered value relevant if its regression coefficient is statistically significant. The variation across the variables of interest is named unobservable heterogeneity (UH) which leads to biased estimators and generates incorrect inferences. The common approach of eliminating UH is adding dummies into a regression. However, this method adds the explanatory power of dummies to that of accounting items, and it eventually results in inflated R2 figures. Hence, R2 figures become misleading with dummies since R2 figures do not purely explain the VR of accounting items. This chapter suggests demeaning as an alternative methodology to deal with UH. Although demeaning and adding dummies are the same methodology of mitigating UH, this chapter documents that adding dummies inflates R2 figures while demeaning does not.
Conference papers on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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Liu, Xiao-yan, Jing Yang, and Yuan Cao. "An Empirical Research on the Relevance of Fair Value." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998924.
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Meichyel, Meichyel, and Novy Silvia Dewi. "The Value Relevance and Subjectivity of Other Comprehensive Income." In 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200812.036.
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Al-Jawaheri, Bushra Abdul Wahhab, Karar Jasim Najm, and Ahmed Hussein Machi. "Determinants of the Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Iraq." In AADNIC-ABMECR '21: 3rd Africa-Asia Dialogue Network International Conference on Advances in Business Management and Electronic Commerce Research. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503491.3503501.
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Spirin, Nikita V., Mikhail Kuznetsov, Julia Kiseleva, Yaroslav V. Spirin, and Pavel A. Izhutov. "Relevance-aware Filtering of Tuples Sorted by an Attribute Value via Direct Optimization of Search Quality Metrics." In SIGIR '15: The 38th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2766462.2767822.
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Alvelos, Heitor, and Abhishek Chatterjee. "The connotations of ‘Value’ in heritage crafts, and their relevance to a skill-based education towards knowledge economic systems." In 14th International Conference of the European Academy of Design, Safe Harbours for Design Research. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/ead2021-130.
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Gao, Yanru, Li Ma, and Haiwei Fu. "Study on the Value Relevance of Investment Real Estate Measured through the Fair Value Pattern: Empirical Research from the Data of Listed Companies in China." In 2014 International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413777.161.
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Mauger, Vincent. "Framing Play: the Relevance of Game Studies for Design Discipline and the Value of Design Research for Game Design Education." In European Academy of Design Conference Proceedings 2015. Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/ead/2015/71.
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Erro-Garcés, Amaya, and Giedrius Čyras. "The creation of clusters of value to reduce youth unemployment in Lithuania and Spain." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.071.
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Purpose – this article presents empirical evidence of the creation of clusters of value that emerge when creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship are developed together. These clusters contribute to welfare creation and, to the reduction of youth unemployment. Research methodology – this paper aims to conduct an exploratory qualitative research study through multiple case studies. Findings – findings show the relevance of emotions in social initiatives, the role of teams and experts that recognizes innovations, the relevance of stakeholders wealth to motivate employees and the importance of linking the day-to-day challenges to local apprenticeship programs, as creativity is closely related to these daily lives and everyday concerns. Research limitations – this research paper has some limitations because multiple cases studies not allow for generalizations. An extension of this study encompassing a greater number of case studies could confirm findings. Practical implications – this article describes the role of future entrepreneurs and can be applied in the identification of entrepreneurs’ skills and characteristics. Originality/Value – it is related to how to support entrepreneurs, taking into account the role of key actors, their teams, their local situation, and their intentions. Emotions were essential in the cases presented, and, even more, for the professionals that joined the initiatives
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Gustaitė, Akvilė, and Algita Miečinskienė. "RESEARCH ON THE USE OF ADTECH IN FINTECH COMPANIES." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.841.
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The FinTech sector is booming with record funding and investment every year. It is no surprise that the industry is becoming remarkably attractive to new business players and, as a result, increasingly competitive. To cut through the noise and lead, it is important to promote the service or product most effectively and accurately. The Fin-Tech advertising and marketing literature analyses well-known approaches such as social media or even traditional advertising; however, the usage of AdTech in the FinTech sector is barely discussed and analyzed. This article aims to fill the gap and research the usage of AdTech in the FinTech sector, analyzing the relevance, efficiency, and value of Ad-Tech tools in FinTech companies. This research methodology includes an experts’ survey, Kendall’s coefficient of con-cordance (W), TOPSIS, and AHP methods that help determine the factors of the use of AdTech in the FinTech sector.
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Velzing, Evert-Jan, Annemiek Van der Meijden, Kitty Vreeswijk, and Ruben Vrijhoef. "Circularity in value chains for building materials." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10196.
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AbstractThe urgency for developing a circular economy is growing, and more and more companies and organisations are concerned with the importance of adapting their business to fit a changing economy. However, many analyses on the circular economy are still rather abstract and there is a lack of understanding about what circularity would mean for specific industries. This insufficient insight especially seems to be apparent in the building and construction sector. Besides, the building and construction sector is responsible for a major part of energy use and emissions. To tackle the issue of insufficient insight into the business consequences of circular devlopments, further research is necessary. Therefore, we propose to collaborate on a research project that aims to provide a more detailed level of analysis. The goal is to identify drivers and barriers to make better use of materials in the building and construction sector. This further research would benefit from an international collaboration between universities of applied sciences and industry from different European countries. An additional benefit of the applied orientation would be the relevance for professional education programmes. References CBS, PBL & Wageningen UR. (2017). Vrijkomen en verwerking van afval per doelgroep, 1990-2014 (indicator 0206, versie 13, 26 janauri2017). Retrieved from: https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0206-vrijkomen-en-verwerking-van-afval-per-doelgroep Cuchí, A.; Arcas, J.; Casals, M. & Fobella, G. (2014). Building a common home Building sector – A global vision report. Produced by the Global Vision Area within the World SB14 Barcelona Conference. De Jesus, A. & Mendonça, S. (2018). Lost in Transition? Drivers and Barriers in the Eco-innovation Road to the Circular Economy. Ecological Economics, 145, 75-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.001. EC. (2015). Closing the Loop – An EU action plan for the Circular Economy. Brussels: European Commission. EC. (2019). Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of the Circualr Economy Action Plan. Brussels: European Commission. Ghisellini, P; Cialini, C. & Ulgiati, S. (2016). A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007. Kirchherr, J., Pisciceli, L., Bour, R., Kostense-Smit, E., Muller, J., Huibrechtse-Truijens, A. & Hekkert, M. (2018). Barriers to the Circular Economy: Evidence From the European Union (EU). Ecological Economics, 150, 264-272. Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-Oriented Research & Innovation in the European Union – A problem-solving approach to fuel innovation-led growth. Retrieved from: European Commission; https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf Nederland circulair in 2050. Rijksbreed programma Circulaire Economie (2016). Den Haag: Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu & Ministerie van Economische Zaken. Stahel, W.R. (2016) The Circular Economy. Nature, 531(7595), 435-438. UN. (2018). 2018 Global Status Report – Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector. United Nations Environment Programme. UNCTAD. (2018). Circular Economy: The New Normal (Policy Brief No. 61). Retrieved from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/presspb2017d10_en.pdf
Reports on the topic "Value relevance research (VRR)"
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Torrijos, Ivan Dario Pinerez, Tina Puntervold, Skule Strand, Panagiotis Aslanidis, Ingebret Fjelde, and Aleksandr Mamonov. Core restoration: A guide for improved wettability assessments. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.198.
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The initial wetting of a reservoir sets a limit for the EOR potential during water-based recovery operations and “Smart Water” injection. For this reason, an improved understanding of the factors influencing the wetting can help to control and better forecast oil production during water-based floods. To preserve and reproduce the original reservoir wettability is a challenging task and wrong cleaning and core restoration procedures can lead to incorrect wettability estimations and thus induce serious errors when evaluating the initial wettability of a reservoir system or its EOR potential by water-based methods. Thereby, there is a need to improve the chemical knowledge on interactions among the rock, brine and fluids present in reservoir systems. This will help to understanding the influence of the parameters affecting wettability during cleaning and core restoration processes. Understanding which are the main parameters influencing oil recovery processes is of great relevance. The objective of this document is to provide suggestions for added-value experiments, complementing and challenging the standard RCA and SCAL procedures, prior to performing experimental research in which wettability and wettability alteration processes are important. Lessons learned will be highlighted and new ideas to optimize core restoration protocols to preserve and closely reproduce wettability are put forward. These recommended practices target core restoration procedures after the core material has been received in the laboratory. The target audience for this document is engineers and scientists with an interest in core preparation for wettability studies.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.