Journal articles: 'Value transfers'

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Acland, Daniel. "Poverty, Irrationality, and the Value of Cash Transfers." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 2 (2021): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.22.

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AbstractIt has been demonstrated that irrationality reduces the efficiency of individuals’ allocations, as measured by their “true” or rational preferences. There is also evidence that poverty increases irrationality of different sorts. As a result, the net benefit to society of a cash transfer from taxpayers to welfare recipients may not be zero. The fact that the transfer will be allocated less efficiently by the recipients than by the taxpayers will reduce the value of the transfer, while if the transfer increases recipients’ rationality, it will increase the efficiency of the allocation of their pretransfer budgets, thus increasing the value of the transfer. The net effect on society will be positive or negative, depending in large part on the degree to which the transfer increases rationality. I model these effects in the context of present-biased preferences and explore the effect of irrationality, income, and the size of transfer on the value of transfers. I conclude that under a plausible range of conditions, transfers can generate a substantial positive net benefit. I also model the choices of a fully rational paternalist and find little support for paternalistic in-kind transfers.

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Bakhshi, Samira, Mohammad Shakeri, M. Rose Olfert, Mark D. Partridge, and Simon Weseen. "Do Local Residents Value Federal Transfers?" Public Finance Review 37, no. 3 (September 11, 2008): 235–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142109331638.

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Retsikas, Konstantinos. "Value transfers in South East Asia." South East Asia Research 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967828x17716598.

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Lang, Maria-Katharina, and Baatarnaran Tsetsentsolmon. "Artefact Transfers." Inner Asia 22, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340150.

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Abstract The paper explores the flows of artefacts between public and private settings in alternative political and social relations in Mongolia. It investigates sacred places such as Buddhist temples and monasteries as well as museums (which were former temples) and examines movements of objects such as Buddhist figures, sacred books and ethnographic objects. The ‘artefact transfers’ not only relate to massive movements such as the displacement of sacred objects or deities (burkhan), their transformation into museum objects and the concealing of items underground, but the phrase also implies changes in perception, value and attitudes towards artefacts. Material culture also needed to be fitted into another order due to the process of ‘modernisation’ and societal transformation in Mongolia. Objects that suddenly appeared ambivalent had to be dealt with in order to conform to new or changing ideologies. Following the ‘biographies’ and ‘efficacy’ of artefacts, the authors argue that, through various cultural and economic exchanges in translocal networks, changes of perception and value activate artefact transfers.

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Miller, Stephanie W., Cheryl A. Hassett, and John A. Faulkner. "Recovery of muscle transfers replacing the total plantar flexor muscle group in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 1865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.6.1865.

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In rats, combinations of plantar flexor muscles representing ∼20, 40, 60, and 80% of the mass of the total plantar flexor group were transferred orthotopically in the absence of synergistic muscles and allowed to recover for 120 days. We hypothesized that, compared with their individual control values for structural and functional variables, the transfers would display a hierarchical array of deficits, proportional to their initial mass and, consequently, inversely proportional to the relative load on the transfers. Surprisingly, compared with their individual control values, each muscle transfer displayed deficits of 30–40% in muscle mass, total fiber cross-sectional area, and maximum isometric force, with the exception of the smallest transfer, the plantaris (PLN) muscle, which recovered 100% of its control value for each of these variables. Therefore, except for the PLN transfer, the muscle transfers studied displayed deficits similar in magnitude to those reported for muscles transferred in the presence of synergistic muscles. The greater recovery of the PLN transfer was attributed to the relatively large requirement for force production imposed on this transfer due to the average force requirements of the total plantar flexor group.

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Liu, Rongfang, Ram M. Pendyala, and Steven Polzin. "Assessment of Intermodal Transfer Penalties Using Stated Preference Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-11.

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Since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 there has been an increasing interest in the planning and design of an intermodal passenger transportation system. It has long been recognized that modal transfer has a certain penalty associated with it. The recent surge in intermodal planning merits an in-depth examination and accurate measurement of the penalties associated with transfers between modes. Current planning procedures usually involve an ad hoc treatment of transfer penalties based on various assumptions of wait time and value of time. To better assess the disutility associated with modal transfers, discrete choice models are used to quantify transfer penalties and their effects on mode choice in different transfer contexts. Revealed and stated preference data from the New York–New Jersey commute corridors are used to estimate logit models of mode choice reflecting the impacts of modal transfers. The model results suggest that the penalty factor associated with transfer time should be higher than that traditionally used in travel demand models and that the value of the transfer penalty varies according to the type of modal transfer.

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Saputra, Teddy. "THE FIRST GENERATION'S TACIT KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER." Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (September 24, 2018): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/jee.v7i2.1109.

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This study aims to see and learn when, how and what are the transfer of tacit knowledge between the senior generation and the next generation of first generation family companies in Surabaya. This is qualitative research. The study found that the transfer of tacit knowledge was planned and initiated by the senior generation. Transfers are carried out by observation, experiencing and reflection methods where unique senior generation knowledge such as trust in certain value values is transferred to the next generation which is then studied by the next generation to become a separate value.

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Ahmed, Malik Aleem, Marijn Janssen, and Jeroen van den Hoven. "Value Sensitive Transfer (VST) of Systems Among Countries." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no. 1 (January 2012): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012010102.

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Systems like large technical and operational networks are necessary in modern societies, yet they are costly and time-consuming to develop. Instead of countries and organizations having to build systems from scratch, the transfer of systems is becoming more common. Yet systems reflect the values of the societies in which they are built and of the designers who develop them. Public values differ among cultures and countries; this not only hinders the transfer of systems but results in a lack of their adoption and acceptance by the receiving country. This article investigates the case of the transfer of parliamentary webcasting/telecasting systems from the US to Pakistan to better understand the international transfer of e-government systems. Although the concept of systems transfer is simple, implementing the system within a different cultural setting was more complicated than initially anticipated. The transfer of the system was influenced by the political objectives and cultural differences. Value tensions were found, especially surrounding openness, transparency, and accountability. Hence, the authors propose broadening the perspective on the transfer and development of systems by taking value differences into consideration. Toward this purpose, a framework for designing Value Sensitive Transfers (VST) is proposed.

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Palm-Forster, Leah H., Frank Lupi, and Min Chen. "Valuing Lake Erie Beaches Using Value and Function Transfers." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 270–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.15.

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Two benefit-transfer approaches are used to estimate welfare losses from closure of Lake Erie beaches. We identify conditions for which the function transfer, which is more time-consuming and data-intensive, is worth the effort relative to a simple value transfer. The function transfer was essential for estimating beach demand (trips) and demand elasticity (change in trips); when evaluating individual beach closures with known trip demand, the two methods yielded similar results. Results produced by the two transfer methods deviated (up to 106 percent) when multiple beaches were closed simultaneously because value transfer did not account for the loss of beach substitutes.

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Kvitko, Alexander N., Oksana S. Firyulina, and Alexey S. Eremin. "Solving Boundary Value Problem for a Nonlinear Stationary Controllable System with Synthesizing Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8529760.

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An algorithm for constructing a control function that transfers a wide class of stationary nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations from an initial state to a final state under certain control restrictions is proposed. The algorithm is designed to be convenient for numerical implementation. A constructive criterion of the desired transfer possibility is presented. The problem of an interorbital flight is considered as a test example and it is simulated numerically with the presented method.

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Silverstein, Merril, and Wencheng Zhang. "Grandparents’ Financial Contributions to Grandchildren in Rural China: The Role of Remittances, Household Structure, and Patrilineal Culture." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz009.

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Abstract Objectives This investigation examined predictors of monetary transfers made by grandparents for the benefit of their grandchildren in rural China. Predictors included family factors related to financial supply (remittances received from the parents of grandchildren), household demand (living in a skipped-generation household), and patrilineal culture (targeting sons and grandsons). Method The 2015 wave of the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province was used to study financial transfers made by 831 grandparents to grandchildren in the families of 1,633 parents. Two-part random-effects regression was used to predict whether a transfer was made and the value of transfers, given that one occurred. Results Grandparents provided higher value transfers to grandchildren whose parents provided greater remittances and with whom they coresided in skipped-generation households. The likelihood of making a transfer fully followed the male lineage, and was greatest to grandson-only families in which parents were first-born sons. Discussion Results show that economic, household, and cultural factors are independently associated with the largesse of grandparents. We conclude that grandparents’ economic contributions to grandchildren in rural China are shaped by family demands in a highly mobile society, intergenerational interdependence, and a persistent patrilineal gender system that reaches to the level of grandchildren.

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Yang, Huanxin, Kai Huang, Xin Deng, and Dingde Xu. "Livelihood Capital and Land Transfer of Different Types of Farmers: Evidence from Panel Data in Sichuan Province, China." Land 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050532.

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Farmers’ livelihood and land have been the focus of academic and political attention for a long time. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, as farmers change their livelihood strategies and livelihood capital allocation driven by economic interests, farmland abandonment increases, which is not conducive to the guarantee of food security. This study aims to explore the characteristics of livelihood capital and land transfer of farmers under different livelihood strategies and the effect of livelihood capital on land transfer. Based on the data obtained from Sichuan Province in 2012, 2016 and 2019 by the China Rural Development Survey Group, this paper divides farmers into pure farmers, part-time farmers and non-farmers according to the proportion of non-agricultural income in total income, and constructed the panel binary Logit model and panel Tobit model. The analysis points to the following results: (1) pure farmers tend to shift other capitals toward natural capital, so their livelihood capital total index value decreased. The part-time farmers have different shift characteristics but their livelihood capital total index value both increased first and then decreased. Non-farmers tend to shift natural capital towards other livelihood capitals, so their livelihood capital total index value increased. (2) The higher the natural capital and human capital, the higher the probability of land transfers in. The higher the natural capital, the larger the area of land transfers in. The higher the financial capital, the higher the probability of land transfers out. The higher the financial capital and social capital, the larger the area of land transfers out. It is expected to provide suggestions for the policy of farmers’ land transfer under different livelihood capital endowments.

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WANG, ZHI-GANG, and ZHI-BIN WANG. "ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTOR OF THE π MESON WITH LIGHT-CONE QCD SUM RULES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 27n28 (November 10, 2008): 4621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041499.

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In this paper, we calculate the electromagnetic form-factor of the π meson with the light-cone QCD sum rules. The numerical value [Formula: see text] is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (extrapolated to the limit of zero momentum transfer or the normalization condition Fπ(0) = 1). For large momentum transfers, the values from the two sum rules are all comparable with the experimental data and theoretical estimations.

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Tate, Kaitlyn, Jude Spiers, Rowan El-Bialy, and Greta Cummings. "Long-Term Care Health Care Aides’ Perceptions of Decision-Making Processes in Transferring Residents to Acute Care Services." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 8 (June 5, 2018): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464818779936.

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Most transfers of long-term care (LTC) facility residents to the emergency department (ED) via 911 calls are necessary. Avoidable transfers can have adverse effects including increased confusion and dehydration. Around 20% of transfers are perceived to be avoidable or unnecessary, yet decision making around transfers is complex and poorly understood. Using a qualitative-focused ethnographic approach, we examined 20 health care aides’ (HCAs) perceptions of decision processes leading to transfer using experiential interview data. Inductive analysis throughout iterative data collection and analysis illuminated how HCAs’ familiarity with residents make them vital in initiating care processes. Hierarchical reporting structures influenced HCAs’ perceptions of nurse responsiveness to their concerns about resident condition, which influenced communications related to transfers. Communication processes in LTC facilities and the value placed on HCA concerns are inconsistent. There is an urgent need to improve conceptualization of HCA roles and communication structures in LTCs.

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Furukawa, Mitsuaki, and Junichiro Takahata. "General Budget Support in Tanzania." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2017-0170.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze late disbursements for service delivery by focusing on donors’ General Budget Support disbursement to Tanzania and on the intergovernmental money flows in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined empirical analysis using statistics of intergovernmental transfers in Tanzania. Findings This paper shows that such center-local transfers are significantly correlated with the timing of local government expenditures in general and health expenditures in particular. It also shows that development expenditures are more affected than recurrent expenditures by delays in the transfer. Practical implications In order to improve service delivery on the ground, the transfers from donors to the central government and from the central government to local governments need to be timely. Originality/value The authors examined empirical analysis using statistics of intergovernmental transfers in Tanzania so as to see whether timing of transfers matters or not, which has not been considered thus far.

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Creedy, John. "Means-tested versus Universal Transfers: Alternative Models and Value Judgements." Manchester School 66, no. 1 (January 1998): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9957.00091.

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Brehmer, Meike, Ksenia Podoynitsyna, and Fred Langerak. "Sustainable business models as boundary-spanning systems of value transfers." Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January 2018): 4514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.083.

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Burnfield, Judith M., Bernadette McCrory, Yu Shu, Thad W. Buster, Adam P. Taylor, and Amy J. Goldman. "Comparative Kinematic and Electromyographic Assessment of Clinician- and Device-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transfers in Patients With Stroke." Physical Therapy 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120500.

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Background Workplace injuries from patient handling are prevalent. With the adoption of no-lift policies, sit-to-stand transfer devices have emerged as one tool to combat injuries. However, the therapeutic value associated with sit-to-stand transfers with the use of an assistive apparatus cannot be determined due to a lack of evidence-based data. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinician-assisted, device-assisted, and the combination of clinician- and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in individuals who recently had a stroke. Design This cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study used a repeated-measures design. Methods The duration, joint kinematics, and muscle activity of 4 sit-to-stand transfer conditions were compared for 10 patients with stroke. Each patient performed 4 randomized sit-to-stand transfer conditions: clinician-assisted, device-assisted with no patient effort, device-assisted with the patient’s best effort, and device- and clinician-assisted. Results Device-assisted transfers took nearly twice as long as clinician-assisted transfers. Hip and knee joint movement patterns were similar across all conditions. Forward trunk flexion was lacking and ankle motion was restrained during device-assisted transfers. Encouragement and guidance from the clinician during device-assisted transfers led to increased lower extremity muscle activation levels. Limitations One lifting device and one clinician were evaluated. Clinician effort could not be controlled. Conclusions Lack of forward trunk flexion and restrained ankle movement during device-assisted transfers may dissuade clinicians from selecting this device for use as a dedicated rehabilitation tool. However, with clinician encouragement, muscle activation increased, which suggests that it is possible to safely practice transfers while challenging key leg muscles essential for standing. Future sit-to-stand devices should promote safety for the patient and clinician and encourage a movement pattern that more closely mimics normal sit-to-stand biomechanics.

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Singh, Preksha T., Shreyans D. Singhvi, Utkarsh Kachhia, Trishala Punjabi, Shital Punjabi, and Rajesh Punjabi. "Retrospective study of multiple factors imparting effect on pregnancy outcomes in an in-vitro-fertilization centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202340.

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Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles include in vitro fertilization of the sperm and ovum and transferring the embryo formed into the uterus of the patients. In ART cycles, there is still a shroud of doubt regarding the pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer on day 3 versus the embryo transfers on day 5 as well the better pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer and the number of embryos transferred. This study is aimed to evaluate these factors and study the way to optimize methods to obtain highest pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 87 patients who had undergone embryo transfers during the duration of the study from an IVF centre in Ahmedabad. Multiple factors were studied and the clinical outcome was tabulated. The pregnancy outcomes were compared using the values of beta- hcg (human chorionic gonadotropin). The data was compiled and analyzed using Google spreadsheets. To find the statistical difference between different factors- the statistical method of Fischer’s exact test and p-value was used.Results: No statistical difference between day 3 and day 5 embryo transfer as well as between frozen and fresh embryo transfer were both. All of them were found equally efficacious, although 3 and 5 number of embryo transfers were found efficacious.Conclusions: In conclusion authors recommend a day 5 embryo transfer with 3 or 5 embryos which are best-quality frozen or fresh embryos to achieve maximum pregnancy outcomes.

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PONDS, EDUARD H. M. "Pension funds and value-based generational accounting." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 2, no. 3 (November 2003): 295–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747203001367.

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The raison d'être of wage-indexed defined benefit pension funds is to provide insurance against standard-of-living risk after retirement, based on intergenerational risk sharing. Pension funds necessarily have to accept mismatch risk in providing this kind of insurance. Mismatch risk taken by the pension fund is risk for the fund's stakeholders. We combine the value-based approach and the method of generational accounting to analyze the economic value of the stakes of the different generations and the issue of who gains and who loses (transfers of value between generations) from alternative funding and indexation policies. Rules concerning the allocation of a funding surplus or funding shortage in particular are decisive to the direction and to the size of transfers of value between stakeholders. We put forward two criteria to evaluate alternative policies employed by pension funds: the funding policy and allocation rules must give an ex ante fair compensation for risk taken by generations and the sustainability of a pension plan must be checked with respect to ex post redistributive effects for current and future generations. Value-based generational accounting provides a tool for testing a pension fund policy for these two criteria.

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Alia, Didier Yélognissè, Nicolas Ponty, and Ignace Kamga Tchwaket. "Altruism or exchange: what motives inter-household transfers in Burkina Faso?" International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2016-0097.

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Purpose The economic literature identifies two families of motives for private transfers: altruism and exchange. Altruistic models postulates that transfers are unselfish assistance to vulnerable and poor households. Exchange models, however, explain transfers as temporary assistance to households with the expectation of being paid back. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the motives of inter-households transfers in Burkina Faso and identify which model better explains observed transfers’ decisions. The findings can be useful to provide a information on the profile of households receiving and donating transfers and a better understanding of their roles in local communities. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a nationally representative household survey in Burkina Faso that collects detailed information on inter-household transfers. It combines descriptive analysis with various econometric models to identify the type of behavior that better explain the receipt and donation of private transfers. To account for the non randomness of the receipt and donation of transfers in the population, the study estimates a Heckman model to address selection bias. Findings Preliminary analyses suggest that one-third of households have participated in transfers’ exchange, either as recipients or donors with the amount received or given representing a substantial share of household income or expenditure. The econometric analyses show that the primary driver of the receipt of transfers is households’ degree of vulnerability. This result indicates that altruism is the underlying model explaining the receipt of transfers. However, the authors also find that affluent households tend to give and receive larger amounts of money suggesting that some elements of exchange are also at play. Originality/value The analysis contributes to a large and growing literature on migration, transfers, and remittances in developing countries. It provides insights into the motives of these non-market transactions in the specific context of Burkina Faso, a developing country, where migration and transfers have been historically important social behaviors. The analysis makes an effort to address the potential bias resulting from households’ self-selection into the donation or receipt of transfer. The findings shed additional light on the double role of transfer as a safety net for the vulnerable and social insurance for the non-poor.

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Parnreiter, Christof. "Global cities and the geographical transfer of value." Urban Studies 56, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017722739.

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The central argument of this article is that global cities are, due to their clustering of producer service firms, critical governance nodes in global production networks. More in particular, the article scrutinises the role of producer service firms in uneven development and, especially, in the geographical transfer of value (Hadjimichalis, 1984). Because the direct as well as the indirect mechanisms through which value is transferred geographically require the intervention of producer service firms, global cities can be theorised as governance nodes for centripetal wealth transfers along global commodity chains. Moreover, and in the context of the persisting criticism that the global city concept has a bias towards Northern/Western cities, the article argues that the claim that global cities are critical places for the organisation of uneven development also holds for cities beyond ‘the usual suspects’. Referring to cases of how producer service firms in Hamburg and Mexico City erect entry barriers to protect their clients from competition and of how they shape labour relations at the expense of employees, I have maintained that governance is, as Sassen (2010: 158) has argued, indeed ‘embedded’ into the services provided. From that follows that even ‘minor’ global cities are strategic governance places from where the transfer of wealth towards the centres of the world economy is organised.

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M. Hull, Robert. "Debt-equity decision-making with wealth transfers." Managerial Finance 40, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1223–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2013-0239.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to instruct advanced business students on the debt-equity choice by showing how wealth transfers between security holders influence security values when a levered firm undergoes an incremental debt-to-equity approach. Design/methodology/approach – The design involves a pedagogical exercise that applies gain to leverage (GL) formulas for a firm aspiring to increase its value by exchanging debt for equity. The valuation method includes perpetuity formulations including those with growth and wealth transfers. The instructional approach offers an understanding of the debt-equity decision. Findings – Unlike studies that provide empirical findings or new theories, this paper provides knowledge and skills for students learning capital structure decision making. Research limitations/implications – All GL equations in this paper are limited by derivational assumptions and estimation of values for variables. Practical implications – This paper bridges the gap between theory and practice by illustrating the impact of the costs of borrowings, growth rates and risk shifts on debt-equity decision making. Students will learn and apply GL equations. They will get an appreciation for the practical complexities of financial decision making including the agency complication embodied in wealth transfers. Social implications – Society can be enhanced to the extent this paper helps future financial managers make optimal capital structure decisions. Originality/value – This paper adds to the Capital Structure Model (CSM) pedagogical research by using the new CSM equations that address a levered situation and incremental approach. As such, it is the first CMS instructional paper to incorporate wealth transfers between security holders.

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Bauw, Siti Aisah, Lillyani M. Orisu, and Melkion D. T. Worabay. "Pengaruh Transfer Pemerintah Terhadap Kinerja Fiskal Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari Dalam Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi Fiskal." JFRES: Journal of Fiscal and Regional Economy Studies 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36883/jfres.v1i1.8.

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Government transfers are one of the central government's interventions in autonomous regions that aim to help regions with low fiscal capacity. With the development of transfers in Manokwari Regency which is always increasing, describing government spending in financing development still depends on the central government or balance funds. The purpose of this study was to etermine the effect of government transfers on the fiscal erformance of Manokwari Regency in the implementation of decentralization. This study is aimed at analyzing he influence of government transfers on the fiscal performance of the Manokwari District government in the implementation of decentralization. With five years of observation. Model estimation is analyzed using simple linear regression (simple linear regression) by partially testing the hypothesis. The results showed that the variable government transfer index had a positive coefficient (+) on the fiscal performance of the regional government, with a R2 value of 86% indicating a ignificant influence on the fiscal performance of the local government.

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Jaramillo, Nacarí, Esteban Domingo, María Carmen Muñoz-Egea, Enrique Tabarés, and Ignacio Gadea. "Evidence of Muller’s ratchet in herpes simplex virus type 1." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.044685-0.

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Population bottlenecks can have major effects in the evolution of RNA viruses, but their possible influence in the evolution of DNA viruses is largely unknown. Genetic and biological variation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been studied by subjecting 23 biological clones of the virus to 10 plaque-to-plaque transfers. In contrast to large population passages, plaque transfers led to a decrease in replicative capacity of HSV-1. Two out of a total of 23 clones did not survive to the last transfer in 143 TK– cells. DNA from three genomic regions (DNA polymerase, glycoprotein gD and thymidine kinase) from the initial and passaged clones was sequenced. Nucleotide substitutions were detected in the TK and gD genes, but not in the DNA polymerase gene. Assuming a uniform distribution of mutations along the genome, the average rate of fixation of mutations was about five mutations per viral genome and plaque transfer. This value is comparable to the range of values calculated for RNA viruses. Four plaque-transferred populations lost neurovirulence for mice, as compared with the corresponding initial clones. LD50 values obtained with the populations subjected to serial bottlenecks were 4- to 67-fold higher than for their parental clones. These results equate HSV-1 with RNA viruses regarding fitness decrease as a result of plaque–to-plaque transfers, and show that population bottlenecks can modify the pathogenic potential of HSV-1. Implications for the evolution of complex DNA viruses are discussed.

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Rao, Krishna D., Shivani Kachwaha, Avril Kaplan, and David Bishai. "Not just money: what mothers value in conditional cash transfer programs in India." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (October 2020): e003033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003033.

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IntroductionConditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become an important policy tool for increasing demand for key maternal and child health services in low/middle-income countries. Yet, these programs have had variable success in increasing service use. Understanding beneficiary preferences for design features of CCTs can increase program effectiveness.MethodsWe conducted a Discrete choice experiment in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India in 2018 with 405 mothers with young children (<3 years). Respondents were asked to choose between hypothetical CCT programme profiles described in terms of five attribute levels (cash, antenatal care visits, growth-monitoring and immunisation visits, visit duration and health benefit received) and responses were analysed using mixed logit regression.ResultsMothers most valued the cash transfer amount, followed by the health benefit received from services. Mothers did not have a strong preference for conditionalities related to the number of health centre visits or for time spent seeking care; however, service delivery points were in close proximity to households. Mothers were willing to accept lower cash rewards for better perceived health benefits—they were willing to accept 2854 Indian rupees ($41) less for a programme that produced good health, which is about half the amount currently offered by India’s Maternal Benefits Program. Mothers who had low utilisation of health services, and those from poor households, valued the cash transfer and the health benefit significantly more than others.ConclusionBoth cash transfers and the perceived health benefit from services are highly valued, particularly by infrequent service users. In CCTs, this highlights the importance of communicating value of services to beneficiaries by informing about health benefits of services and providing quality care. Conditionalities requiring frequent health centre visits or time taken for seeking care may not have large negative effects on CCT participation in contexts of good service coverage.

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Rostovska, Yuliia. "Value Orientation Influence on Forming Professional Transfers of Future Choreography Teachers." Research Notes, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31654/2663-4902-2017-pp-1-115-120.

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O'Dwyer, Lisel Alice, and Jennifer Buckley. "The value frameworks and motivations for intergenerational transfers from older Australians." Families, Relationships and Societies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674314x13965329386969.

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Kato, Yuki, Ryo Nagao, and Takumi Noguchi. "Redox potential of the terminal quinone electron acceptor QB in photosystem II reveals the mechanism of electron transfer regulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 3 (December 29, 2015): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520211113.

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Photosystem II (PSII) extracts electrons from water at a Mn4CaO5 cluster using light energy and then transfers them to two plastoquinones, the primary quinone electron acceptor QA and the secondary quinone electron acceptor QB. This forward electron transfer is an essential process in light energy conversion. Meanwhile, backward electron transfer is also significant in photoprotection of PSII proteins. Modulation of the redox potential (Em) gap of QA and QB mainly regulates the forward and backward electron transfers in PSII. However, the full scheme of electron transfer regulation remains unresolved due to the unknown Em value of QB. Here, for the first time (to our knowledge), the Em value of QB reduction was measured directly using spectroelectrochemistry in combination with light-induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. The Em(QB−/QB) was determined to be approximately +90 mV and was virtually unaffected by depletion of the Mn4CaO5 cluster. This insensitivity of Em(QB−/QB), in combination with the known large upshift of Em(QA−/QA), explains the mechanism of PSII photoprotection with an impaired Mn4CaO5 cluster, in which a large decrease in the Em gap between QA and QB promotes rapid charge recombination via QA−.

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Chang, Hung-Hao, and Richard N. Boisvert. "Accounting for the market and non-market values of multifunctional outputs in evaluating water transfers to non-agricultural uses: empirical evidence from Taiwanese rice production." Water Policy 12, no. 4 (January 4, 2010): 528–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.125.

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Increased demand for water for municipal and industrial uses throughout Taiwan has intensified the pressure to re-allocate water from agricultural to non-agricultural uses. The full policy implications of such water transfers must not only account for the value of lost agricultural production and income, but also any loss in the social value of multifunctional benefits from agricultural production. Focusing on two northern irrigation associations in Taiwan, this paper empirically assesses the changes in rice production and multifunctional values under the scenario of transferring water from agricultural to non-agricultural uses. We also compare these combined multifunctional values of land in agricultural production with the per hectare compensations for water transfer in 2002 to evaluate the current water transfer mechanism. The empirical results have significant policy implications. Despite substantial reductions in production and farm income, the compensation levels in both irrigation regions exceed those required to compensate farmers for the losses in net farm revenue, and do so by substantial margins.

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Ponce, Juan, and Carolina Curvale. "Cash transfers and political support: evidence from Ecuador." International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (June 4, 2020): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-11-2019-0187.

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Purpose This paper evaluates the argument that conditional cash transfer program recipients vote for the incumbent. We also test the hypothesis stating that ceasing to receive the benefit hinders support for the incumbent. Design/methodology/approach Using a regression discontinuity design, we assess the impact of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano cash transfer program on pro-incumbent voting of each of these four groups. Findings We did not find a significant impact of the transfer on pro-incumbent vote intention in any of the pairwise comparisons, which suggests that contextual factors determining retrospective voting may play an important role in shaping the relationship between pro-incumbent voting and social policy transfers. Originality/value Drawing on quasi-experimental evidence from Ecuador, where the eligibility criteria of the program changed exogenously, we evaluate the impacts of several treatments on pro-incumbent voting. We are able to identify four distinct groups: recipients under both eligibility criteria, nonrecipients under both criteria, new recipients and new nonrecipients.

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Gahvari, Firouz, and Enlinson Mattos. "Conditional Cash Transfers, Public Provision of Private Goods, and Income Redistribution." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.491.

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This paper examines the role of cash transfers as a screening device when combined with in-kind transfers. It shows that linking in-kind to cash transfers makes first-best redistribution possible despite the government's inability to tell rich and poor individuals apart. Moreover, the maximal attainable welfare for the poor can be pushed beyond its first-best level by distorting downward the quality of the indivisible good the poor receive relative to the cash value of their net transfers. Using in-kind transfers alone, as in Besley and Coate (1991), leads to a third-best solution. (JEL D31, H23, H41)

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Emelianenko, Larysa, and Valeriia Moskvina. "Formation of conceptual model of transfer policy in social sphere of Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.5-6.4.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is investigation of the principles of transfer policy functioning with further development of conceptual model of transfer policy in the social sphere. Methodology of research. A comparison method is used in the study to identify and formulate concepts of transfer and transfer policy; method of critical analysis - to outline the framework of legislative regulation of transfer policy in Ukrainian practice; method of analogy - to reveal the specifics of the operation of transfer policy not only for budgetary relations, but also for the social sphere. Findings. The conceptual model of transfer policy functioning is considered. National peculiarities of policy implementation in foreign practice and problems of implementation of transfers in the social sphere into the national economy are investigated. The definition of transfer policy for both the national level and the local government level is given. Originality. The results of the study will have a high level of significance, because, according to the experience of other countries, the use of transfer policies in the social sphere can reduce poverty in the country and reduce budgetary burden. Thus, a conceptual model of transfer policy is formed in the article based on the implementation of world experience. The efficiency of the transition to transfers in social policy is proved; the mechanism of the administration of transfers is highlighted. Further development has been the use of world-wide experience of the transfer mechanism as a tool for social policy implementation by the government, with the aim of simultaneously reducing poverty and reducing the tax burden, as well as using the experience of implementing transfers from other countries. Practical value. The results of the study can serve as a starting point for the development of social programs, the creation of an effective social budget in Ukraine both at the national level and at the local level of distribution of financial resources. Key words: transfer; model; budget; social sphere.

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Oliveira, Pedro Rodrigues de, Ana Lúcia Kassouf, and Juliana Maria de Aquino. "Cash transfers to the elderly and its spillover effects." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2015-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present evidences on the spillover effects of a cash transfer addressed to poor elders in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Using the Brazilian National Households Survey (PNAD) the authors assess the effects of an income transfer to the elders on household composition and the labor supply of elders and co-residing relatives, under a regression discontinuity design. Findings The authors do not find strong evidences of changes in the household composition due to the program. However the authors found reductions in the elders’ labor force participation, indicating that the program allow elders to retire. Moreover, the transfer yields a decrease in the labor force participation of co-residents, depending on their age. The authors also observe decreases in child labor. Originality/value Along with the cash comes context-dependent effects, showing there are many latent aspects of these transfers yet to be uncovered.

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Guibout, V. M., and D. J. Scheeres. "Solving Relative Two-Point Boundary Value Problems: Spacecraft Formulation Flight Transfers Application." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 27, no. 4 (July 2004): 693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.11164.

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Quaye, Isaac, Alfred Sarbah, Joseph Boadi Nyamaah, Mavis Aidoo, and Yinping Mu. "Intra-Industry Information Transfers and Firm Value: Evidence From Ghana’s Banking Industry." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402096808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020968087.

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The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of intra-industry information transfers within Ghana’s banking industry due to the collapse of seven banks. This is a short-term study with an event window [−10, +10] and an estimation period of 200 trading days. The event study methodology is adopted to estimate the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) gained by other rival industry banks as well as to calculate the cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) for the entire Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). The results of the study show that the collapse of the seven banks does convey information that the market uses in revising stock prices. However, most of the rival banks experienced an insignificant share price reaction. This insignificant reaction can be attributed to the fact that GSE is not efficient. The study recommended among others, for the GSE to be reformed to improve the efficiency of the market and secure the flow of information to market participants.

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Wen, Pei-Wei, Zhao-Qing Feng, Fan Zhang, Cheng Li, Cheng-Jian Lin, and Feng-Shou Zhang. "Effect of positive Q -value neutron transfers on sub-barrier fusion reactions." Chinese Physics C 41, no. 6 (June 2017): 064102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/41/6/064102.

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Seretis, Stergios A., and Persefoni V. Tsaliki. "Value transfers in trade: an explanation of the observed differences in development." International Journal of Social Economics 39, no. 12 (October 12, 2012): 965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068291211269091.

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Schubert, Glenn D. "Forensic Value of Pattern and Particle Transfers From Deployed Automotive Airbag Contact." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 6 (2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2005163.

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Passas, Nikos. "Fighting terror with error: the counter-productive regulation of informal value transfers." Crime, Law and Social Change 45, no. 4-5 (November 11, 2006): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9041-5.

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Deng, Hua, Fariborz Moshirian, Peter Kien Pham, and Jason Zein. "Creating Value by Changing the Old Guard: The Impact of Controlling Shareholder Heterogeneity on Firm Performance and Corporate Policies." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 48, no. 6 (December 2013): 1781–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109014000039.

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AbstractTheory suggests that controlling shareholders can influence firm value through both shared benefits creation and private benefits consumption. Using negotiated control-block transfers from 31 countries, we look beyond ownership concentration and investigate how controlling shareholder heterogeneity influences the relative importance of these two effects. We document that a control transfer precipitates positive firm outcomes particularly when the vendor has maintained control over an extended period and the acquirer displays a strong incentive to engage in restructuring. In such cases, we observe a sustained positive price reaction, more focused corporate investments, lower leverage, higher operating efficiency, and superior long-term performance.

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Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa, Cristina Doritta Rodrigues, Felipe Mendes Borini, Omer Farooq Malik, and Abubakr Saeed. "Linking corporate entrepreneurship, expatriation and reverse knowledge transfers." European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-06-2018-0135.

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Purpose Multinational enterprises (MNEs) encourage their subsidiaries to develop and transfer their unique knowledge and expertise back to the MNE as it is critical for the development of the MNE as a whole. However, what underlies the subsidiary ability to create such specialized knowledge that can be transferred to the MNE is less clear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of MNE entrepreneurial strategy, subsidiary initiatives and expatriation on reverse knowledge transfers in a cross-country comparative context. Design/methodology/approach Data are gathered through surveys from 429 foreign subsidiaries operating in New Zealand and 164 subsidiaries in Brazil, and these are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling. Findings Subsidiary initiatives partially mediate the relationship between MNE entrepreneurial strategy and reverse knowledge transfers in case of subsidiaries operating in Brazil, but they fully mediate in case of New Zealand. Furthermore, expatriation, in case of the latter, has a negative interaction in the relationship between subsidiary initiative and reverse knowledge transfers, but, in case of the former, it has no moderating role. Overall, the results suggest that the influence of MNE entrepreneurial strategy and expatriation on reverse knowledge transfers can be explained by contingencies such as the subsidiary host economy and the heterogenous HQ–subsidiary relationships. Originality/value The paper contributes to literature by identifying some contingencies with regard to the occurrence of reverse knowledge transfers. It addresses some research calls with regard to examining reverse knowledge transfers and the role of expatriation across different empirical contexts.

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Gordema, Charles. "Remedies to Illicit Financial Flows from Transfer Pricing of Services and Hosting Intellectual Property in Kenya." Strathmore Law Journal 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v3i1.34.

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Numerous reports in the last decade have focused on the challenges to African economies that emanate from the illicit transfers of funds and other valuable assets within some global corporations. A primary concern is the impact of these transfers on the taxable income of African subsidiaries. Two broad categories of intra-group transfers are of particular interest, partly because of the complexities they raise. One comprises transfers in payment of services exchanged among associated enterprises, while the other pertains to transfers by subsidiaries in payment of the value of intellectual assets attributed to the corporate centre of the global corporation. This article highlights the challenges raised by these transfers through case studies. It examines possible mechanisms to mitigate the challenges, drawing attention to current and impending developments. It concludes that there are good prospects for curbing illicit transfers linked to the examined types of transactions.

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Maaroufi, Maroua, Kamilia Abahri, Fares Bennai, and Rafik Belarbi. "Moisture transfer modelling in polystyrene mortar with consideration of sorption hysteresis." E3S Web of Conferences 128 (2019): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912807006.

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The walls of buildings experience heat, air and moisture transfers. These transfers have a significant influence on indoor climate, since they affect the value of temperature and relative humidity inhouses. High levels of humidity lead to pathologies in the buildings, and influence the air quality and the hygrothermal comfort of the occupants. In this work, a numerical analysis of the behaviour of polystyrene mortar under hydric solicitations was led. The simulations were held using ComsolMultiphysics and MATLAB. There were two different moisture transfer models used in this work: the first one took into account sorption hysteresis phenomenon, and the other one did not. The computed results showed that considering sorption hysteresis in modelling the hydric behaviour of the material allows obtaining more accurate results comparing to a model that does not consider hysteresis.

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Mortensen, Betty, Nancy Borkowski, Stephen J. O’Connor, Patricia A. Patrician, and Robert Weech-Maldonado. "The Relationship Between Hospital Interdepartmental Transfers and Patient Experience." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519836467.

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This study examined the association between interdepartmental transfers and the perceptions of care received by adult patients who were admitted and discharged from a 300-bed, not-for-profit community tertiary hospital in the Midwest. Transfers of patient care are daily and frequent hospital processes. However, limited attention has focused on the effect that intrahospital transfers of care have on the patient experience. Understanding this relationship is important, since value-based purchasing models directly tie patient experience measures into hospital reimbursements. The key finding of this study indicates that as patients’ transfers increase, their perceptions of care decrease. Therefore, by reducing the frequency of interdepartmental transfers, patient satisfaction may increase. This research provides clinicians and administrators a better understanding of the relationship between a frequent and a daily hospital process (ie, interdepartmental transfers) and its influence on patients’ perceptions of their experience.

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Fumey, Abel, and Festus O. Egwaikhide. "Redistributive politics: the case of fiscal transfers in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2017-0191.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of political influences on fiscal transfers from the central government to district assemblies in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach It adopted a redistributive politics model and estimated the two-step system generalized method of moment using electoral outcomes, and transfers data for 167 districts which were classified into swing and aligned, from 1994 to 2014. Findings The findings reveal that Gh₵6.28m on average was transferred to each district annually, which tend to increase by 8.4 percent in election years. Further, the swing districts received 5.2 percent more than the aligned districts. Practical implications The sharing mechanism is significantly influenced by political considerations as there exists a political budget cycle and a general dominance of swing effects. Social implications The fiscal transfer system disregards the social principles of fairness and efficiency. Therefore, a wider consultative process in reviewing the formula is proposed; and this should be done in intervals of five years to minimize the indiscriminate adjustments of the sharing formula. Originality/value The paper empirically examines the political economy dynamics of intergovernmental fiscal transfers in a decentralized unitary system.

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Sutoyo and Anita Trisiana. "INNOVATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTEXTUAL AND VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (CVCT) IN LEARNING CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN INDONESIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8293.

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Purpose of the study: Analyze Innovation the contextual value clarification technique model (CVCT) implementation in learning Citizenship. Methodology: The method used in this research is research and development. Development research is research-oriented to develop and validate products used in education. Main Findings: Contextual value clarification technique Model (CVCT) implementation in Citizenship learning may work well according to the lesson plan and CVCT learning model steps. The contextual value clarification technique Model (CVCT) can increase the internalization of learners’ values of Pancasila. Applications of this study: In learning Citizenship Education needs to be done a paradigm shift, from learning that emphasizes transfers of knowledge to transfers of values. The motivational-based CVCT learning model can improve the quality of processes and the quality of results in Citizenship Education learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: The implementation of teacher-centred learning needs to be changed into student-centred learning. This is intended so that students are active in the learning process so that the teacher's role does not dominate during the learning process, but rather as a moderator, facilitator, and resource person. If this learning paradigm can be understood and carried out by teachers, the learning process will be of quality.

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Shafieenejad, I., and A. B. Novinzadeh. "Analytical solutions for two-point boundary value problems: Optimal low-thrust orbit transfers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 224, no. 7 (July 2010): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544100jaero653.

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Shinoda, Jun, Ongun B. Kazanci, Shin-ichi Tanabe, and Bjarne W. Olesen. "Review on the Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients of Radiant Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101075.

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Heat transfer coefficients are often used to describe the thermal behaviour of radiant systems and how it transfers heat between the cooled/heated surface and the room. In addition to current standards, numerous studies have been conducted to obtain the heat transfer coefficients through experiments and simulations. However, inconsistency is evident in the values or expressions suggested. Thus, this study investigated possible sources of discrepancy through an extensive literature review on articles and standards that focused on the heat transfer coefficients at the cooled/heated surface. Measurement data provided by different authors were extracted to compare both the amount of heat transfer and the actual heat transfer coefficients. Consequently, suggested values and expressions were used to predict the measurement data in other articles to examine their accuracy. Comparison of the results showed that the radiant heat transfer coefficients had a consistent value throughout the literature and had prediction error within ±20%. However, larger deviations and prediction errors were seen in the total and convective heat transfer. It was suggested that some of the sources of error may have been the calculation procedure of each heat transfer mechanism, choice of reference temperature and its measurement height/position, and room dimensions.

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Woods, Laura, Laura Craster, and Andrew Forrester. "Mental Health Act transfers from prison to psychiatric hospital over a six-year period in a region of England." Journal of Criminal Psychology 10, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2020-0013.

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Purpose There are high levels of psychiatric morbidity amongst people in prisons. In England and Wales, prisoners who present with the most acute mental health needs can be transferred to hospital urgently under part III of the Mental Health Act 1983. This project reviewed all such transfers within one region of England, with an emphasis on differences across levels of security. Design/methodology/approach Over a six-year period (2010–2016) within one region of England, 930 psychiatric referrals were received from seven male prisons. From these referrals, 173 (18.5%) secure hospital transfers were required. Diagnostic and basic demographic information were analysed, along with hospital security categorisation (high secure, medium secure, low secure, psychiatric intensive care unit and other) and total time to transfer in days. Findings There were substantial delays to urgent hospital transfer across all levels of hospital security. Prisoners were transferred to the following units: medium security (n = 98, 56.9%); psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) (n = 34, 19.7%); low secure conditions (n = 20, 11.6%); high secure conditions (n = 12, 6.9%); other (n = 9, 5.2%). Mean transfer times were as follows: high secure = 159.6 days; other = 68.8 days; medium secure = 58.6 days; low secure = 54.8 days; and psychiatric intensive care = 16.1 days. Research limitations/implications In keeping with the wider literature in this area, transfers of prisoners to hospital were very delayed across all levels of secure psychiatric hospital care. Mean transfer times were in breach of the national 14-day timescale, although transfers to PICUs were quicker than to other units. National work, including research and service pilots, is required to understand whether and how these transfer times might be improved. Originality/value This paper extends the available literature on the topic of transferring prisoners with mental illness who require compulsory treatment. There is a small but developing literature in this area, and this paper largely confirms that delays to hospital transfer remain a serious problem in England and Wales. National work, including research and service pilots, is required to understand whether and how these transfer times might be improved. This could include different referral and transfer models as a component of service-based and pathways research or combining referral pathways across units to improve their efficacy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Value transfers'

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