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Journal articles on the topic 'Values – Zimbabwe'
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1
Perman, Tony. "Muchongoyo and Mugabeism in Zimbabwe." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.4.
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Abstract:This article explores the influence of nationalism and modernity in contemporary Zimbabwe and on the musical lives of Zimbabweans through an examination ofmuchongoyo, the signature dance–drumming tradition of Zimbabwe’s Ndau communities. Invoking the concept of “Mugabeism,” it illustrates how Shona nationalism and expectations of modernity have partially reshapedmuchongoyoin the turmoil of contemporary Zimbabwe. As indigenous practices serve political ends, their values shift. Consequently, there are now twomuchongoyos: one rooted in the unique history and values of Zimbabwe’s Ndau community, the other emerging from decades of political employment of indigenous music for the sake of nationalist discourse.
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Sibanda, Modeni M. "SADC Mediation in Zimbabwe's Global Political Agreement (GPA): A Reflection on Opportunities and Complexities." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i2.51.
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This article analyses the opportunities and complexities of the SADC mediation in Zimbabwe’s Global Political Agreement (GPA) in facilitating and operationalising theprinciples and values of peace, security, human rights and democracy as set out in Article 4 of the SADC treaty. It attempts to interrogate the extent to which the regional grouping’s mechanisms for enforcing its principles and values have been successful. The article argues that despite SADC’s noble commitment to promoting the development of democratic institutions and practices, as well as encouraging the observance of universal human rights, peace and security, the resolution of the Zimbabwe crisis shows that, in practice, the operationalisation of SADC protocol principles and values have been a sorry saga of delays, secrecy, purported agreements and nothing concrete coming out of it. Using the Zimbabwe case study, this article further argues that SADC either lacks appropriate power and authority or is reluctant to hold member states accountable. This seems so, given that as a regional body, it has allowed itself to be utterly inadequate to the task envisioned by the organ in resolving the Zimbabwe crisis. The paper concludes that the sum of all this has had the effect of exposing SADC and it being perceived as a weak regional organisation.
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Zengenene, Maybe. "Maternal Mortality in the District of Uzumba in Zimbabwe." SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/sosio.v6i2.6725.
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Maternal mortality is among the neglected problem in the District of Uzumba, Zimbabwe. This qualitative study therefore, explores the patriarchal hegemonies embedded in the socio-cultural harmful practices, traditions, beliefs, values and norms associated with maternal mortality in Uzumba district. These have been neglected in the reduction initiatives of maternal mortality. The originality of this study lies in the use of primary data through interviews and observation methods on the key informants and significant. Snowballing technique was employed in this study to select the key informants and significant others. The study have also benefited from the proliferation of secondary data on the social phenomena of maternal mortality across the globe. The results of the study showed that, despite the medical related causes of maternal mortality, the non-medical aspects such as patriarchal hegemonies in the socio-cultural practices, beliefs, traditions, norms, values and perceptions play a significant role in escalating maternal mortality especially in Uzumba district, Zimbabwe. The article therefore, recommends that maternal mortality reduction needs more of a holistic approach of medical and non-medical initiatives as it is still the major problem in Zimbabwe’s rural communities. Therefore, maternal mortality can be addressed and reduced within the socio-cultural context as shown in Uzumba district, Zimbabwe.
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Schuerman, Wim. "Hospitaalbouw in Zimbabwe." Afrika Focus 3, no. 1-2 (January 12, 1987): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0030102005.
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Designing a hospital means making a study of all the influencing parameters of the form and functional organisation. The thoroughness of this process will determine the quality of the design itself. This article containes a distilation of such a process. By making such a study I hoped to come to a valid conclusion design different from the health – factories that are normally implanted in developing countries. This, by taking in account not only the health care facility on itself -with which we are quite familiar – but also the specific human values of the indegenious population.
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Chidora, Tanaka. "Heroes and Heroines in Zimbabwean Fiction." Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2021/v2n2a1.
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This paper was developed from a talk that I gave on heroes and heroines in Zimbabwean fiction at the now defunct Book Café in Harare, Zimbabwe. By the time they invited me, my hosts had already come up with a clearly demarcated guideline of who heroes and heroines are, and connected these heroes and heroines to what they called 'revered' values of 'our' society. My response was not to follow that template, but to create a separate deconstructionist taxonomy that questioned such an assumption. This deconstructionist adventure was based on the belief that heroes/heroines are not the same for everyone, especially in a post-independence Zimbabwean society characterised by conditions that are far removed from the promises of independence. Thus, in a country whose independence has been postponed because of various factors, including a leadership whose form of governance involves violence against its citizens in the name of protecting them, a monolithic view of heroes/heroines and revered values needs to be interrogated. Zimbabwean literature offers an inventory that refuses to pander to my hosts' template, and it is this inventory that I used to question the assumption that Zimbabwe was one, huge, happy and united national family because based on its many literary texts, what we have is a dystopian family still trying to find its way and define its heroes/heroines.
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Slim, Hugo. "Values versus Power: Responsible Sovereignty as Struggle in Zimbabwe." Global Responsibility to Protect 2, no. 1 (2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598410x12602515137572.
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AbstractThis article is part of a forum on the report of the United Nations Secretary-General, 'Implementing the Responsibility to Protect', which was released on 12 January 2009. The report was written as a response to 'one of the cardinal challenges of our time, as posed in paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome: operationalizing the responsibility to protect'. The forum seeks to provide a range of perspectives on the report. It features contributions from Jennifer Welsh, Hugo Slim, David Chandler and Monica Serrano, and it concludes with a response from Special Advisor to the Secretary-General Edward Luck.
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Glencross, Michael J. "Reliability of a Free-Format Values Inventory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 1056–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.1056.
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A free-format inventory of Life and Work Values, designed in Zimbabwe as a wide-spectrum instrument suitable for exploratory investigations in a variety of groups, was used to collect data from a sample of 926 education students in South Africa. Analysis showed that the inventory had high internal consistency across all groups sampled.
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Gwekwerere, Tavengwa, Davie E. Mutasa, and Kudakwashe Chitofiri. "Settlers, Rhodesians, and Supremacists: White Authors and the Fast Track Land Reform Program in Post-2000 Zimbabwe." Journal of Black Studies 49, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717739400.
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Texts written by some white Zimbabweans in the post-2000 dispensation are largely shaped by their authors’ endeavor to contest the loss of lands they held prior to the onset of the Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP). Written as memoirs, these texts are bound by the tendency to fall back on colonial settler values, Rhodesian identities, and Hegelian supremacist ideas in their narration of aspects of a conflict in which tropes such as truth, justice, patriotism, and belonging were not only evoked but also reframed. This article explores manifestations of this tendency in Eric Harrison’s Jambanja (2006) and Jim Barker’s Paradise Plundered: The Story of a Zimbabwean Farm (2007). The discussion unfolds against the backdrop of the realization that much of the literary-critical scholarship on land reform in post-2000 Zimbabwe focuses on texts written by black Zimbabweans and does not attend to the panoply of ways in which some white-authored texts yearn for colonial structures of power and privilege. This article evinces that the reincarnation of colonial settler values, Rhodesian identities, and Hegelian supremacist ideas undermines the discourse of white entitlement more than it promotes it. Values and identities of the colonial yesteryear on which this discourse is premised are not only anachronistic in the 21st century; they also obey the self-other binary at the heart of the patriotic history pedestal that was instrumental in the Zimbabwean regime’s post-2000 populist deployment of the land grievance to reconstruct itself as the only and indispensable champion of African interests in Zimbabwe.
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Chifurira, Retius, Delson Chikobvu, and Dorah Dubihlela. "Rainfall prediction for sustainable economic growth." Environmental Economics 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4-1).2016.04.
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Agriculture is the backbone of Zimbabwe’s economy with the majority of Zimbabweans being rural people who derive their livelihood from agriculture and other agro-based economic activities. Zimbabwe’s agriculture depends on the erratic rainfall which threatens food, water and energy access, as well as vital livelihood systems which could severely undermine efforts to drive sustainable economic growth. For Zimbabwe, delivering a sustainable economic growth is intrinsically linked to improved climate modelling. Climate research plays a pivotal role in building Zimbabwe’s resilience to climate change and keeping the country on track, as it charts its path towards sustainable economic growth. This paper presents a simple tool to predict summer rainfall using standardized Darwin sea level pressure (SDSLP) anomalies and southern oscillation index (SOI) that are used as part of an early drought warning system. Results show that SDSLP anomalies and SOI for the month of April of the same year, i.e., seven months before onset of summer rainfall (December to February total rainfall) are a simple indicator of amount of summer rainfall in Zimbabwe. The low root mean square error (RMSE) and root mean absolute error (RMAE) values of the proposed model, make SDSLP anomalies for April and SOI for the same month an additional input candidates for regional rainfall prediction schemes. The results of the proposed model will benefit in the prediction of oncoming summer rainfall and will influence policy making in agriculture, environment planning, food redistribution and drought prediction for sustainable economic development. Keywords: sustainable economic growth, standardized Darwin sea level pressure anomalies, southern oscillation index, summer rainfall prediction, Zimbabwe. JEL Classification: Q16, Q25, Q54, Q55, Q58
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Chigora, Farai, and Promise Zvavahera. "“Culture” a Panacea for Brand Survival: Feasibility Analysis of Zimbabwe Tourism Destination." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8545.
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The study investigated culture as one the strategies that can be used to enhance survival of Zimbabwe tourism brand. This is because like other African tourism destinations, Zimbabwe is rich in unique traditional culture but failing to improve its global tourism brand identity. The study was based on a mixed methods research design combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches in collecting data from respondents. The qualitative method was used to find out the most crucial variables that contribute to culture identity in Zimbabwe tourism destination. This was done through in-depth interviews with the experts and managers in the tourism industry. The responses showed that the most common sources of culture identity are beliefs and norms, national dress code, galleries and heritage, originality in values and language. These variables were then investigated on their effect to Zimbabwe tourism destination branding using survey questionnaires as quantitative research instruments. The respondents for the questionnaires were from the travel sector, accommodation sector, resorts, Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality, Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Environment. The results of the study show that national dress code is the most important source for Zimbabwe tourism cultural branding followed by galleries and heritages and originality in values. The study therefore recommended these three as the most core source for branding Zimbabwe tourism destination using culture. The other variables which are language, beliefs and norms have been regarded as supporting cultural factors and a model was designed to show the relationships.
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Zimuto, Jilson. "The impact of Facebook on Zimbabwean University students: Culture dilution or Pedagogical?" INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 3 (May 15, 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v3i3.1748.
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The study sought to establish consumer attitudes towards the effect of one Social Network Site (SNS), Facebook on culture dilution or pedagogical potential among university students. This has been necessitated by a plethora of unique social interactions in this era of technological affordances. Many SNSs are in use: Facebook, MySpace, Cyworld, Bebo, WhatsUp, LinkedIn, ChatOn, Opera Mini, Twitter and other new forms keep on emerging. However, of interest Facebook was used in this study because it is impacting the ways in which university students use the Internet. Technology has mediated communication in countless ways. The values and norms of culture have to be cherished the young generation. In investigating this problem, two hundred (200) students were interviewed at their university campus in Zimbabwe. The sample comprised students from Great Zimbabwe University. The research findings proved that Facebook contributes to the dilution of the Zimbabwean culture. It was also interesting to note that other students see the pedagogical potentials of Facebook.
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Chirume, Silvanos. "Sustainable Professional Development of Primary School Mathematics Teachers in Zimbabwe Through Philosophy of Education 5.0: Challenges and Prospects." Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, no. 312 (December 1, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjss.312.150.161.
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Teacher training colleges and universities in Zimbabwe currently fall under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development (MHTESTD) whose mission is to develop and deliver a knowledgeable and skilled human capital through higher and tertiary Education 5.0, science and technology development using a heritage based philosophy, for the production of quality goods and services. The core values of the Ministry are integrity, humility, innovation and productivity. The philosophy of Education 5.0 system is centred on five pillars which include teaching, research, community service, innovation and industrialisation while the previous 3.0 design was centred on three aspects which are teaching, research and community service. Thus, teachers who are being trained at Zimbabwe’s colleges and universities will be required to acquire skills and knowledge to produce goods, services and ideas and also to impart such knowledge and skills to their learners. The mathematics curriculum inclusive of the syllabi, schemes of work and timetables at a teacher training institution in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe was critically analysed. Two randomly selected lectures in progress were observed and five purposively chosen lecturers interviewed. The study addresses the questions of whether and to what extent Education 5.0 is being realised, the challenges currently being faced and the future prospects of the philosophy. The paper concludes by giving recommendations for sustainable professional development of primary school mathematics teachers in Zimbabwe.
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Magosvongwe, Ruby. "MATHIAS MHERE’S FUNCTIONAL USES OF GOSPEL MUSIC IN THE ZIMBABWEAN POST-2000 MALADIES." Imbizo 6, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2798.
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The article critiques Mathias Mhere’s gospel music from an Afrocentric perspective within the context of complexities and maladies that have impacted negatively on the majority’s livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s post-2000 period. The maladies have seen society marshalling different strategies and oral art forms to keep people’s spirits buoyant. Oral art forms have always been at the centre of African experience, constituting a repository of the philosophy of life as desired, imagined, and treasured among most indigenous families and communities. In the absence of the oral folklore and oral art forms of yesteryear that were used to inculcate communal values and skills to self-define and safeguard cultural spaces, gospel music has made inroads and carved an indelible niche that needs critical attention. This strategy is not novel to Zimbabwe. Music as an oral and performance art has always been deeply ingrained in most social activities to raise and censure conduct across all ages for society’s greater good, including cementing the social fabric, and fostering social cohesion and stability among most indigenous families and communities. In the recalcitrant environment, fraught with a myriad of maladies and many a family in dispersion, gospel music in the indigenous languages becomes critical in exhorting and censuring attitudes, conduct and desires in order to uphold treasured values. Family dispersions disrupted institutions and fractured relationships, further fanning insecurities and imbalances. It is from this angle that this article makes a critical analysis of Mathias Mhere’s gospel lyrics. Mhere is one of the most popular young gospel artists whose albums have been hits on the Zimbabwean music charts. The article therefore examines the forte behind Mhere’s gospel music in the Zimbabwean post-2000 maladies. It also interrogates Mhere’s artistic creativity, sensitivity and commitment to sustainable livelihoods and survival in post-2000 Zimbabwe’s fractious environment.
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Fathiraini, Nurdiani. "POLITIK LUAR NEGERI CHINA TERHADAP ZIMBABWE." FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v8i1.20920.
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This article aimed to elaborate China’s foreign policy towards Zimbabwe under Hu Jintao’s leadership. Based on the “social construction” logic, it was a logical consequence influenced by intersubjective factors and also formed and defined based on the actor’s social identity. In this case, historical power influenced a positive intersubjective and form an established structure of China “amity” towards Zimbabwe. It can be understood how China perceived Zimbabwe as a “friend”. Besides, China’s identity transformation as a “peaceful rise” country, defined the interest formation towards economic and development cooperation manifested through strengthening cooperation in the China-Zimbabwe Strategic Partnership’s scheme. Thus, Hu Jintaos foreign policy towardsZimbabwe was not only determined by the material dimension, but strongly determinedby the ideational dimension where China under Hu Jintao’s leadership was strivedto represent of a “peaceful rise” identity that cannot be separated from the values of“friendship, peace, cooperation, and development.
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Connelly, Ellen, Lisa Hywood, Mark Donaldson, and Darren W. Pietersen. "Haematology and biochemistry values for Temminck’s pangolins (Smutsia temminckii) from Zimbabwe." African Zoology 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2020.1739555.
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McAdoo, Harriette, and Margaret Rukuni. "A Preliminary Study of Family Values of the Women of Zimbabwe." Journal of Black Psychology 19, no. 1 (February 1993): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984930191004.
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Samanga, T., and V. M. Matiza. "Depiction of Shona marriage institution in Zimbabwe local television drama, Wenera Diamonds." Southern Africa Journal of Education, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajest.v5i1.39824/sajest.2020.001.
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Marriage is a highly celebrated phenomenon among the African people. It is one of the important institutions among the Shona and Ndebele people in Zimbabwe as expressed in the saying ‘musha mukadzi’ and ‘umuzingumama’ (home is made by a woman) respectively. However with the coming of colonialism in Zimbabwe, marriage was not given the appropriate respect it deserves. This has given impetus to this paper where the researchers in the study through drama want to bring out the depiction of marriage institution in a post -independence television drama, Wenera Diamonds (2017). This paper therefore, aims to show the impact of neo-colonialism on Shona marriage institution. The neo colonial period is characterised with the perpetuation of Western imperial interests through protocols of diplomatic relations, treaties and existing bilateral agreements which marked a new phase of relationships with former colonisers. The aim of this article therefore is to depict marriage institution in neo colonial Zimbabwe in Wenera Diamonds (2017), a Zimbabwean television drama. Using qualitative research methodology, the research employs content analysis to elucidate the depiction in the said performance. Guided by the Africana womanist perspective, the article argues that the indigenous knowledge needed for African social development is rendered irrelevant by a dysfunctional set of values of the western hegemony. Against that, the paper establishes that the depiction of marriage institution in Wenera diamonds is a reflection of imperialist colonial forces on the black person hence the need to go back to basics and resuscitate their culture.
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Chirambwi, Kudakwashe. "Zimbabwe Republic Police Women Network: leadership and adaptability." International Journal of Emergency Services 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-08-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from the important contributions of appreciative inquiry leadership in shaping the future people aspects to police leadership. A practice model of the Zimbabwe Republic Police Women Network (ZRP WN) illuminates how the future of policing in a context of mutually reinforcing confluence of increasing rate of crime, state decay, and economic decline is contingent upon shifting from the current preoccupation of “what works” to “what is important.” Design/methodology/approach Guided by the organising principles of the 4-D cycle involving discovery, dream, design and destiny/delivery, the appreciative inquiry leadership model illuminates a sustainable future-oriented policing. Findings The case study of ZRP WN reveals the resilience and adaptability of female police officers to policing challenges as they constantly designed people-oriented policing operations and activities. Practical implications Of importance is the exponential influence of communis and phronesis in rethinking and redesigning police roles in decades to come. Originality/value The ZRP WN, through its shared vision of values, gives us a leaf on how to respond to the ever-changing values of justice and police leadership altering contexts.
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VIRTANEN, PEKKA. "Local Management of Global Values: Community-Based Wildlife Management in Zimbabwe and Zambia." Society & Natural Resources 16, no. 3 (March 2003): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920309164.
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Hatchard, John. "SOME LESSONS ON CONSTITUTION-MAKING FROM ZIMBABWE." Journal of African Law 45, no. 2 (October 2001): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855301001705.
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The former (and late lamented) Chief Justice of South Africa, Justice Ismail Mohammed, once observed that:“The constitution of a nation is not simply a statute which mechanically defines the structures of government and the relations between the government and the governed, it is a ‘mirror of the national soul’, the identification of the ideals and aspirations of a nation, the articulation of the values binding its people and disciplining its government.”Further, as van der Vyer has warned, “. . . a superimposed constitutional formulae or constitutional arrangements that . . . do not address the real causes of discontent, are sure to generate their own legitimacy crisis.” It follows that the development of an appropriate procedure for constitution-making is of the greatest practical importance. This short comment seeks to examine critically the much-publicized efforts in Zimbabwe to develop a new autochthonous constitution and to draw some lessons therefrom.
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Kuptsova, I. S., Y. I. Bulygin, R. R. Lazurenko, and A. R. Temirkanov. "Predicting accidents in the mining industry in Zimbabwe in order to develop preventive measures to reduce them." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 4 (2020): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2020-4-2-11.
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Introduction. Industrial accidents are associated with various factors: human, social and economic problems, which we must strive to eliminate, thereby ensuring a safe working environment. Statistics on occupational injuries are necessary to assess the degree of hazard and potential risks associated with occupational factors to protect workers. Labor inspectorate statistics play an important role in developing national policies, systems, programs and strategies to improve safety and working conditions for miners in Zimbabwe. Labor Inspection in Zimbabwe is one of the main safety control mechanisms. Labor inspection statistics enable the government to monitor the mining industry and better analyze mining safety compliance issues. Problem Statement. The article discusses the prediction of accidents in the mining industry of the Republic of Zimbabwe in order to reduce the incidence of injuries. Economic and social development in the mining industry requires reliable analysis of injury statistics. Statistics of injuries in various production processes are given. Theoretical Part. In the process of data analysis, interpolation algorithms are used embedded in mathematical software. Statistical reports on occupational injuries provided by the Federal State Statistics Service were used as basic information. Conclusion. Mathematical forecasting of industrial injuries in the mining industry in Zimbabwe allows us to determine the likely values of the predicted indicators.
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Li, Pingyan, Mengxiao Chen, and Jianxin Yang. "Discursive Construction of News Values in the Headline." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 1, no. 1 (January 2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.2019010102.
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The paper makes a discursive analysis of the news value construction in the headlines of new media news. The data chosen is 59 news headlines on coverage of Zimbabwe Crisis released in the apps of BBC from November 6th to November 18th 2017. The data indicates a chronological variance of the news values in the headlines. Specifically, eliteness and negativity are values constantly occurring in the headlines throughout the crisis report. The value of positivity appears only at the final stage of the news coverage. The value of timeliness emerges at the final four days of the news coverage. The value of suspense appears at the middle stage of the event. The value of proximity is employed when the detention just occurred. In terms of the linguistic realization of those news values, the study finds that the frequent use of some words contributed to the realization of news values. This study is important in that it reveals how language resources are used by newsmakers to construct news value in the headlines and how news values are realized in the context of communication.
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Moyo, Admark, and Basutu S. Makwaiba. "The Role of Founding Values and Principles in Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation: Lessons for Zimbabwe." Africa Journal of Comparative Constitutional Law 2020 (2020): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ajcl/2020/a2.
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This article explores the role of constitutional values and principles in statutory and constitutional analysis. Given that the exact meaning of these values and principles remains largely unexplored, the article starts by explaining the differences between these terms and argues that these differences are not important for purposes of determining the role of values and principles in the interpretation of legal texts. In addition, the article examines the meaning and scope of the teleological theory of interpretation which forms the philosophical basis of a value-laden approach to constitutional and statutory analysis. More importantly, the article proceeds to unpack the letter and reach of the constitutional provisions that explicitly require courts to pay due regard to values and principles when interpreting any part of the Declaration of Rights. Towards the end, the article demonstrates the role of values in both the interpretation of enactments and the development of the common law or customary law.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Services in Bindura Urban of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Patient-Centered Healthcare 9, no. 2 (July 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpch.2019070101.
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This study seeks to understand the capacity of adolescent-friendly reproductive health services (AFRHS) in promoting sexual reproductive health (SRP) among adolescents in Bindura Urban of Zimbabwe. The data collection methods used allowed the researcher to get insight on adolescents' experience and the factors associated with their accessing SRH services from AFRHS, the meaning of AFRHS for adolescents, healthcare providers' attitudes towards adolescents seeking SRH services, and community perceptions and readiness to accept AFRHS. The findings showed that both socio-cultural and health facility factors influence utilisation of SRH services. Many of these factors stem from the moral framework encapsulated in socio-cultural norms and values related to the sexual health of adolescents and healthcare providers' poor value clarification. This study provides an empirical understanding of the reasons and factors associated with SRH service utilisation, which goes much deeper than program provision of AFRHS in Zimbabwe.
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Madzivanyika, Ezera. "A diagnosis of the deficiencies in the Zimbabwean value added tax system." Public and Municipal Finance 6, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(2).2017.02.
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The paper analyzes the Zimbabwean VAT system. The main objective was to establish and evaluate the gaps within the Zimbabwean VAT system, with the view of closing them so that the Zimbabwean VAT is attuned to the dictates of the best practice VAT. A review of literature was used and the main sources of information were the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority, the South African Revenue Services, literature from various journal articles and books and various reports and legislative instruments. The key finding of the study was that the Zimbabwean VAT system falls short of both the South African and best practice VATs. The main reasons for the gap are; a narrow VAT base fuelled by rampant VAT zero-rates and exemptions; it defies the destination principle; it does not conform to the principle of tax neutrality and tax simplicity; and it has high costs of collection and compliance. The study recommends that the Zimbabwean VAT system should be aligned to the best practice VAT through streamlining VAT privileges and correctly implementing the destination principle. Adequate funding should be allocated to the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority in order to embrace the Information Communication Technology (ICT) drive to reduce costs of compliance and collection.
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Mamuse, Antony, and Ron Watkins. "High fluoride drinking water in Gokwe, northwest Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.188.
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More than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to excessive fluoride in drinking water. According to the World Health Organization, the optimal concentration range of fluoride in drinking water is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. Above this range, populations may contract dental fluorosis or, in severe cases, crippling skeletal fluorosis. In the Gokwe area in NW Zimbabwe, where drinking water contains up to 11 mg/L fluoride, fluorosis prevalence has previously been estimated at 62%. This paper investigates the water quality of 126 water sources in Gokwe (58 pumped boreholes, 15 flowing artesian boreholes, 46 wells and 7 streams). The water chemistry, determined from high performance ion chromatography and field measurements, showed that the water source types exhibit significantly different (P < 0.05) concentrations of F−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, temperatures, pH and conductivity values. Thirty-five (28%) of the 126 water sources (18 pumped boreholes, 15 artesian boreholes, one well and one stream) contained F− > 1.5 mg/L, indicating that fluoride contamination in the area is a characteristic of deeper groundwater, possibly due to its interactions with the potentially fluoridic coaly and carbonaceous materials of the Lower Karoo Aquifer at depth. The plausibility of providing alternative low fluoride water, and defluoridation, should be investigated.
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Pavari, Never. "Psychosocial Impacts of Covid 19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17687.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to cause socio-economic damages which will take a long time to recover from while there is no vaccine in sight. The impacts are affecting the social well-being of global citizens which triggers the need to investigate the psychosocial effects. In order to achieve and to provide the missing African context, the study was done in Zimbabwe. Due to lockdown restrictions, samples were obtained using online survey and social media platforms. Analysis was done to determine the effects, so far, of the virus on the general economy, psychological and social aspects as well as religious values of the citizens qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings indicated that economic loses were recorded at household, corporate and national levels. Indicators included increases in prices and exchange rate which eroded the buying power of local currency and increased the cost of basic commodities. Economic pressures, Covid-19 trends and restrictions imposed caused psychological damages which included fear, feeling of uncertainty and loss of hope. The study recommended increased awareness and psychological support to help the citizens to overcome mental displeasures. The study has potential to assist policy makers, health practitioners and development partners in developing strategies to eliminate Covid-19 related psychosocial pressures in Zimbabwe and globally.
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Choguya, Naume Zorodzai. "Traditional Birth Attendants and Policy Ambivalence in Zimbabwe." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (May 7, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750240.
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This paper analyses the importance of the services rendered by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to pregnant women in Zimbabwe. It argues that, though an integral part of the health system, the ambivalence in terms of policy on the part of the government leaves them in a predicament. Sociocultural values as well as tradition imbue TBAs power and authority to manage pregnancies and assist in child deliveries. On the other hand, government policies expounded through the Ministry of Health (MoH) programs and policies appear to be relegating them to the fringes of healthcare provision. However, in a country with a failing health system characterized by mass exodus of qualified personnel, availability of drugs, and understaffing of healthcare centres, among others, TBAs remain the lifeline for many women in the country. Instead of sidelining them in healthcare interventions, I argue that their integration, however, problematic and often noted to be with disastrous consequences for traditional medicine, presents the sole viable solution towards achieving MDGs 4 and 5. The government and MoH should capitalize on the availability of and standing working relations of TBAs with the grassroots for better/positive maternal health outcomes. In a country reeling with high maternal deaths, TBAs’ status and position in society make them the best intervention tools.
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Mabvurira, Vincent. "Making sense of African thought in social work practice in Zimbabwe: Towards professional decolonisation." International Social Work 63, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818797997.
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The problem with current social work practice in Africa is that following its development in the West, it came to Africa grounded in values and ideologies stemming from capitalism, social Darwinism, the protestant ethic and individualism, all of which are un-African. Western ideas permeated social work institutions despite the ethical conflicts between traditional African cultures and values and the Western Judeo-Christian norms on which social work was based. Despite the political independence of most African countries, the profession has remained stuck in Western methods, values, principles and standards. Some of the traditional social work principles seem alien in African contexts. The social work principle of individualisation, for example, is un-African as it promotes individualism and yet life in Africa is communal. The content used in social work education and training in most institutions in Zimbabwe originated from elsewhere outside the African continent and as a result does not respect Africana values, beliefs, mores, taboos and traditional social protection systems. As it stands, social work in Zimbabwe in particular is a ‘mermaid’ profession based on Western theory but serving African clients. If social work in Africa is to decolonise, practitioners should have an understanding of and respect for African beliefs and practices. This is mainly because there is no clear separation between the material and the sacred among indigenous African people. This article therefore challenges African scholars to generate Afrocentric knowledge that should be imparted to African students for them to be effective in the African context. Afrocentric social work should be based on, improve and professionalise traditional helping systems that were in place prior to the coming of the Whites to the African continent.
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Gurira, Nyasha A., and Patrick Ngulube. "Using Contingency Valuation Approaches to Assess Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism Use and Conservation of the Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) at Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 225 (July 2016): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.028.
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Tshabangu, Thulani, and Abiodun Salawu. "An evaluation of constructive journalism in Zimbabwe: A case study of The Herald’s coverage of the coronavirus pandemic." Journal of African Media Studies 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00060_1.
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The coverage of crises such as the global health pandemic, COVID-19, is to a large extent guided by national interest, journalistic culture and editorial policies of media outlets. This article argues that the state-controlled newspaper, The Herald, in Zimbabwe deployed constructive journalism as an approach to report COVID-19. Constructive journalism is about injecting positive angles into news reports while abiding by the core news values of accuracy, impartiality and balance. The findings reveal that constructive journalism elements of solutions orientation, future orientation, and explanation and contextualization were frequently deployed by The Herald to advance a safe nation narrative whose objective was to prevent public hysteria in the face of a deadly COVID-19 outbreak in the country. The paper concludes that the deployment of constructive journalism in less developed countries like Zimbabwe to inspire hope through positive psychology in the face of global crises does not always yield the intended outcomes.
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Blaser Mapitsa, Caitlin, Aisha Jore Ali, and Linda Sibonile Khumalo. "From evidence to values-based decision making in African parliaments." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 20, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x20918370.
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Monitoring and Evaluation discourse in Africa has evolved to focus on building systems at a national level. While this systemic approach has many advantages, its implementation often runs up against the uncomfortable reality that governments have complex incentives to use evidence, and this evidence can equally contribute to decision making that is neither development-focused nor democratic if values are not part of the conversation. Much of the literature on public-sector reform focuses on evidence-based policy making. While relevant, it does not reflect on values, and this article will argue that acknowledging the central role values play in interpreting evidence is critical to effective national evaluation system building. To make this argument, this article will present and discuss vignettes from the parliaments of Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe that illustrate the pivotal role values have played in interpreting and acting on evidence in a parliamentary context. Finally, it makes a case for the discourse about evidence-based policy making to consider values-based policy making as an appropriate lens for parliaments to acknowledge and engage with the complex landscape of the politics of evidence.
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Lubbe, Sam, and Osden Jokonya. "Using information technology governance, risk management and compliance (GRC) as a creator of business values – a case study." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2011): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i1.264.
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The relationship between Information Technology (IT) Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC) and organisation business values continues to interest academics and practitioners (IT Governance Institute, 2003). Like governance, risk management and compliance generally, IT GRC is about the decision rights and accountabilities that encourage desirable behaviour in the use of IT (IT Governance Institute, 2003). A case study approach was used in an organisation with many business units. The organisation selected is a mining company, RioZim, situated in Zimbabwe. Data was collected from business units on IT issues and business values. The interviews centred on the IT GRC practices based on responsibility and authority for IT decision making. The results suggest that IT GRC does not adequately support business values. The study revealed that business values should drive IT GRC and IT GRC should be the responsibility of executives and all business units.
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Hove, Tawanda, Luxmore Madiye, and Downmore Musademba. "Mapping wind power density for Zimbabwe: a suitable Weibull-parameter calculation method." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 4 (December 19, 2014): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i4a2236.
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The two-parameter Weibull probability distribution function is versatile for modelling wind speed frequency distribution and for estimating the energy delivery potential of wind energy systems if its shape and scale parameters, k and c, are correctly determined from wind records. In this study, different methods for determining Weibull k and c from wind speed measurements are reviewed and applied at four sample meteorological stations in Zimbabwe. The appropriateness of each method in modelling the wind data is appraised by its accuracy in predicting the power density using relative deviation and normalised root mean square error. From the methods considered, the graphical method proved to imitate the wind data most closely followed by the standard deviation method. The Rayleigh distribution (k=2 is also generated and compared with the wind speed data. The Weibull parameters were calculated by the graphical method for fourteen stations at which hourly wind speed data was available. These values were then used, with the assistance of appropriate boundary layer models, in the mapping of a wind power density map at 50m hub height for Zimbabwe.
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Ngwenya, Bongani, and Theuns Pelser. "The continuance of usage of mobile moneyplatforms in Zimbabwe : the function of utilitarian, hedonic, and personal values." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2020/10n2a6.
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Mahlatini, Precious, Anthea Hove, Lioli F. Maguma, and Abel Chemura. "Using direct use values for economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services: a case of Songore wetland, Zimbabwe." GeoJournal 85, no. 1 (October 30, 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9947-3.
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Ncube, N., D. Zhakata, and A. Muchandiona. "Application Of A Remote Sensing Technique In Estimating Evapotranspiration For Nyazvidzi Sub- Catchment., Zimbabwe." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 21 (July 29, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n21p101.
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The integration of Remote Sensing and ground data into hydrological and cropwater requirement models enables water resources managers to adequately quantify the availability of water for irrigation in space and time. The SEBS algorithm was used to derive actual evapotranspiration estimates using MODIS images to assess cropwater requirements in the Ruti irrigation scheme after validation with ground based evapotranspiration measurements. Results show that actual evapotranspiration computed using SEBS (EToS) were comparable to those obtained using Penman Monteith method (R2=0.96). The Kendall’s tau test showed that there is significant statistical association (α = 0.05) between Pan Coefficient (Kp) values determined using EToS and EToPM and Kp values from the Snyder equation. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential use of GIS and remote sensed data for catchment management, planning and irrigation scheduling at irrigation scheme level. Welch’s t test showed that there is no evidence to reject Ho: Kp determined from EToPM – Kp from EToS = 0. The above is crucial in the evaluation and comparison of performance of different irrigation systems in the country for food security and improvement of livelihoods in the light of integrated water resources management.
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Rwafa, Urther, Washington Mushore, and Ephraim Vhutuza. "TOWARDS PEACE, HEALING AND RECONCILIATION IN ZIM-BABWE: THEATRICALISING POLITICAL VIOLENCE THROUGH RITUALS (2011)." Imbizo 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2843.
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This paper explores the reconciliatory possibilities of the theatrical piece Rituals (2011) penned by Stephen Chifunyise and directed and produced by Daves Guzha. The Rituals’ theatrical piece memorialises as well as condemns a culture of violence demonstrated during the 2008 harmonised elections in Zimbabwe. Through “ritualized” performance, a community embarks on a metaphysical journey focused on exorcising the ghosts of political violence still haunting individuals, communities, politicians, and the nation as a whole. These day-to-day modes of healing and reconciliation, dramatised through Rituals, suggest that communities can create platforms for peace, cultivate tolerance and permit dialogue to prevail if victims are brought face-to-face with perpetrators of violence with the hope of ironing out political differences. It is going to be argued in this paper that although the political drama in Rituals, centralises politicians as major culprits that fomented violence, its failure to go beyond political meta-narratives constricts its capacity to explore the complexities of violence in Zimbabwe. These complexities are informed by factors such as lack of voter education, existence of age-old grudges, and fragmentation of community values, among others. Another critical strand to be explored in this article is one that interrogates Rituals’ potential to reach out to the wider audiences at grassroots levels, since the political drama in Rituals speaks to the “upper class” and intellectual circles, thereby foreclosing critical debate and “voices” that should emerge from “below” which are communities many of whom were directly involved. By adopting a down-top methodological approach, the article seeks to place communities at the forefront in confronting questions of violence, peace-building and reconciliation in Zimbabwe.
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Li, Rita Yi Man, Yi Lut Li, M. James C. Crabbe, Otilia Manta, and Muhammad Shoaib. "The Impact of Sustainability Awareness and Moral Values on Environmental Laws." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115882.
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We argue that environmental legislation and regulation of more developed countries reflects significantly their moral values, but in less developed countries it differs significantly from their moral values. We examined this topic by using the keywords “sustainability” and “sustainable development”, studying web pages and articles published between 1974 to 2018 in Web of Science, Scopus and Google. Australia, Zimbabwe, and Uganda were ranked as the top three countries in the number of Google searches for sustainability. The top five cities that appeared in sustainability searches through Google are all from Africa. In terms of academic publications, China, India, and Brazil record among the largest numbers of sustainability and sustainable development articles in Scopus. Six out of the ten top productive institutions publishing sustainable development articles indexed in Scopus were located in developing countries, indicating that developing countries are well aware of the issues surrounding sustainable development. Our results show that when environmental law reflects moral values for betterment, legal adoption is more likely to be successful, which usually happens in well-developed regions. In less-developed states, environmental law differs significantly from moral values, such that changes in moral values are necessary for successful legal implementation. Our study has important implications for the development of policies and cultures, together with the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations in all countries.
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Makuwerere Dube, Langton. "Race, Entitlement, and Belonging: A Discursive Analysis of the Political Economy of Land in Zimbabwe." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720946448.
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The access, control, and ownership of land and the means of production is an enduring frontier of conflict in post colonial settler states. Whilst racially tinged, colonialism created “structures of feeling” that sanctioned epistemic violence and created an economy of entitlement and belonging that sustained imperial designs. Zimbabwe’s independence meant the redistribution and proprietorship of land became a central leitmotif of cadastral politics. The article explores the interplay of the contested tropes of race, entitlement, and indigeneity as they informed the highly polarized land redistribution discourse. The discussion takes stock of the dominant narratives of post-colonial state predations, patronage, populism, and megalomania in contradistinction to the various ways in which whiteness and its prejudices and stereotypes nurtured some hubris of entitlement and belonging that retrogressively not only perpetuated colonial settler values and identities but also entrenched racial distance and indifference. The polarized contestations on land redistribution discourse coalesce around concepts such as restitution, indigeneity, nativity, patriotism, race, and class. Therefore while critiquing state excesses that have masked the honorable intentions of land redistribution, the article underscores the complex ways in which white Zimbabweans contributed to the enduring crisis by obdurately fixating their energies on colonial settler entitlements, values, and identities.
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Chikonzo, Ndakaitei, Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee, Anne Ryen, Florian Elliker, and Amanda Young-Hauser. "A Shock to the System: HIV among Older African Women in Zimbabwe." Qualitative Sociology Review 14, no. 4 (January 8, 2019): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.14.4.09.
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HIV remains a threat to the ordinary everyday life of older woman in African society. In what can be called “a reality shock,” HIV challenges most of the ordinary everyday endeavors in conservative African societies as it imposes new Western prevention, treatment, and health-management methods over long-held African traditions. The reality of the “Western” HIV epidemic, and its impact on the “African” ordinary everyday life, demands that the infected undergo a paradigm shift in order for them to live harmoniously within their society. This calls for a re-examination of traditional values and a strong sense of responsibility, courage, and determination to remain relevant and not be considered odd in one’s community, especially as one grows old with the virus. The study, which focuses on the experiences of women from the Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe who are aging with HIV, observes that growing old with an HIV infection fosters forms of inner strength and wisdom that enable the infected to disregard some of the unquestioned traditions and employ effective ways of living well with the life-threatening condition.
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Chingozha, Misheck, and Kwashirai Zvokuomba. "Infrastructure Vandalism and Protection in a Vulnerable Zimbabwean Environment: Review of the Structural Materialism Theory." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c6355.0910321.
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Many institutions are facing or have faced challenges related to vandalism of equipment and property in Zimbabwe. This criminal phenomenon is not only restricted and peculiar to this country but is experienced in other regions of the world, however with variations. The purpose of the study is to explore and unpack the various dimensions of infrastructure vandalism by gazing at Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) a power utility in Zimbabwe. The level of vandalism has been increasing unabated resulting in in a multitude of undesirable effects on the power utility and the economy as a whole. A plethora of stimulants have been seen to be triggering and sustaining the theft and vandalism of the infrastructure which targets copper conductors, copper windings, oils and the poles in the majority of cases. The study adopted the mixed method approach due to its technical advantage of converging and merging qualitative and quantitative data in order to provide comprehensive results and produce new knowledge claims. This methodological framework was guided by the structural materialism theory which is an off shot of the critical criminology perspective. Thus, the study found out that infrastructure vandalism is representative of a broader dysfunctional socioeconomic system of a country riddled by poverty, unemployment and the absence of mores and values within communities. Consequently, the levels of infrastructure vandalism have spiraled to unprecedented levels. The study concludes that the government is failing to sufficiently address the macro-economic fundamentals as way of discouraging citizens from engaging in crime and criminality while the traditional leaders are not being respected yet they have a significant role they can play in promoting the stability and serenity of communities. In view of these conclusions the study recommends that all stakeholders contribute towards the protection of all infrastructure and migrate to digitalize the protection of such infrastructure as well as promulgation of appropriate pieces of legislation.
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Dandadzi, Pardon, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Tamuka Nhiwatiwa. "Investigating the occurrence of algae in the drinking water supply system of Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.102.
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Abstract This study assessed the quality of drinking water in the water supply system for the City of Harare (Zimbabwe) by investigating the occurrence of algae and other water quality parameters that affect its growth. At Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works (MJWTWs), samples were collected from the raw water inlet and treated water outlet points. In the distribution system, samples were collected from selected sites and grouped into four zones (1, 2, 3 and 4). The algal taxonomic groups that were found in both raw and treated water comprised of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae. It was found out that Microcystis aeruginosa followed by Anabaena were the most abundant species in both raw water and in the distribution system. All measured water quality parameters were within the Standards Association of Zimbabwe and WHO guideline values except for chlorine which had an average residual chlorine concentration that was lower than the WHO recommended lower value of 0.2 mg/L in parts of Zone 2. Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works does not completely remove algae, and there is a carry-over of algae into the distribution system. Boosting of chlorine is recommended for Zone 2 that had residual chlorine less than the WHO minimum threshold of 0.2 mg/L.
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Chanza, Nelson, Pakama Q. Siyongwana, Leizel Williams-Bruinders, Veronica Gundu-Jakarasi, Chipo Mudavanhu, Vusomuzi B. Sithole, and Albert Manyani. "Closing the Gaps in Disaster Management and Response: Drawing on Local Experiences with Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 11, no. 5 (July 27, 2020): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00290-x.
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Abstract Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe exposed deficiencies in the country’s disaster management system. This study uses a phenomenological case exploration of the experiences of local residents in Rusitu Valley following cyclone-induced floods that affected the area in March 2019. Through capturing narratives of participants who were recruited through chain referrals, the research intends to understand how local actors, utilizing their local-based response systems, managed to fill in the voids that characterize disaster management practice in Zimbabwe. Results show that the participation of local “heroes” and “Samaritans,” by deploying their social networks, norms, relationships, practices, and modest ingenuity, helped to speed up response times and minimize threats to lives and livelihoods. Documentation of the stories of local actors about their disaster experiences also gives a richer picture of the Cyclone Idai disaster. Although the community response system also facilitated the operation of external disaster management agencies, their premature withdrawal tended to weaken the trust and values existing in the area, and created tensions between the disaster-affected people and other villagers. Given the delays in formal responses by the government and other external relief agencies, the practices of local actors, although spontaneous and largely uncoordinated, offer rich insights into the design and development of disaster management regimes.
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Mueller, T. A., M. R. Miles, W. Morel, J. J. Marois, D. L. Wright, R. C. Kemerait, C. Levy, and G. L. Hartman. "Effect of Fungicide and Timing of Application on Soybean Rust Severity and Yield." Plant Disease 93, no. 3 (March 2009): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-3-0243.
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Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating foliar disease of soybean that may cause significant yield losses if not managed by well-timed fungicide applications. To determine the effect of fungicide timing on soybean rust severity and soybean yield, field trials were completed in Paraguay (four locations), the United States (two locations), and Zimbabwe (one location) from 2005 to 2006. Treatments at each location included applications of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, or a combination of azoxystrobin + propiconazole, and in some locations pyraclostrobin + tebuconazole at the following soybean growth stages (GS): (i) GS R1 (beginning flowering), (ii) GS R3 (beginning pod), (iii) GS R5 (beginning seed), (iv) GS R1 + R3, (v) GS R3 + R5, and (vi) GS R1 + R3 + R5. Soybean yields from plots treated with fungicides were 16 to 114% greater than yields from no fungicide control plots in four locations in Paraguay, 12 to 55% greater in two locations in the United States, and 31% greater in Zimbabwe. In all locations, rust severity measured over time as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was negatively correlated (r = –0.3, P < 0.0001) to yield. The effectiveness of any given treatment (timing of application and product applied) was often dependent on when rust was first detected and the intensity of its development. For example, when soybean rust was first observed before GS R3 (two locations in Paraguay), the plants in plots treated with a fungicide at GS R1 had the lowest AUPDC values and highest yields. When soybean rust was first observed after GS R3, plants treated with a fungicide at GS R3 and/or GS R5 had the lowest AUDPC values and highest yields with a few exceptions.
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Ncube, Cynthia. "Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Siansundu, Binga District, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe, 2013." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.02.art004.
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Malaria Is Of Public Health Importance In Zimbabwe. A Sharp Rise In The Number Of Malaria Cases In Binga District Was Noted During Week Five In 2013. On Further Analysis, The Siansundu Clinic Was Found To Be In An Outbreak Situation. The Study Was Conducted To Determine Factors Associated With Contracting Malaria In Binga District, Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe. An Unmatched 1: 1 Case-Control Study Was Conducted In Siansundu, Binga, Among 124 Residents. A Case Was A Person Who Presented With Malaria Symptoms, A Control Was A Person Who Was A Neighbour Of A Case And Did Not Suffer From Typical Malaria Symptoms Or Had A Negative RDT Result From The 1st Of January 2013. A Pre-Tested Interviewer-Administered Questionnaire And A Checklist Were Used To Collect Data. Data Were Analyzed Using Epi Info, Where Odds Ratios And P Values Were Calculated. Risk Factors For Contracting Malaria Were: Fetching Water At Night (OR 2.55, P-Value 0.04); Having Inadequate Mosquito Nets Per Sleeping Space (OR 3.596, P-Value 0.036); Worshipping And Praying Outside At Night (OR 3.417, P-Value 0.0006). Wearing Long Clothing At Night Was A Protective Factor Against Contracting Malaria (OR 0.156, P-Value 0.001). The Case Fatality Rate Was 0.43%. The District Was Not Prepared For The Outbreak And Responded Late. Educational Strategies To Address The Risk Factors For Malaria And Regular Meetings By The Emergency Preparedness And Response Team Were Recommended To Prevent Future Outbreaks And Aid Outbreak Preparedness.
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Mkuhlani, Siyabusa, Walter Mupangwa, Neil MacLeod, Lovemore Gwiriri, Isaiah Nyagumbo, Godfrey Manyawu, and Ngavaite Chigede. "Crop–livestock integration in smallholder farming systems of Goromonzi and Murehwa, Zimbabwe." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 3 (October 26, 2018): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000558.
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AbstractPoor productivity in smallholder farming systems has necessitated research on the potential of crop–livestock integration to sustainably improve productivity. The study hypothesized that improvement in individual agronomic and livestock systems and synergistic utilization of by-products of either system increases productivity, profitability and integration. Smallholder farming households were classified into: old and resource endowed (OR); part time (PT); and young, risk-taking and enthusiastic (YRE) following a survey conducted in Murehwa and Goromonzi districts of Zimbabwe. Crop–livestock systems’ integration scenarios were developed for each farmer category. Expression of crop–livestock integration in physical terms, e.g., kg ha−1, can be complex and confounding, hence the expression of integration in monetary values. Baseline scenario results indicate that OR had the highest crop–livestock integration of $3981 compared with PT and YRE despite OR having the lowest manure usage compared with PT and YRE farmers. Moreover, OR had the least legume yields of <800 compared with 3530 kg ha−1 in YRE farmers. Subsequent crop–livestock integration scenarios increased maize grain yields by at least 50%, thus increasing profitability to $1210, $3230 and $3100 yr−1 for mucuna, cowpea and groundnut, respectively. Total income increased by 135, 132 and 101% translating to $9880, $2960 and $6290 yr−1 in OR, PT and YRE farmers, respectively. Crop–livestock integration therefore has the potential to improve smallholder crop and livestock productivity, variable with socio-economic status.
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Khombe, C. T., J. F. Hayes, H. P. R. Tawonezvi, and M. Khombe. "Estimation of genetic differences between Mashona bulls from different production systems using an animal." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 3 (June 1994): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067393.
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SUMMARYThis paper reports genetic differences between 20 Mashona bulls from smallholder farms, 14 from Makoholi Research Station, three from commercial farms and two reference sires, in Zimbabwe. An animal model, fitted through the derivative free Restricted Maximum Likelihood program (DFREML), was used to analyse 707 birth weight and 623 weaning weight records. Both the mean breeding values of the reference sires and the ranch bulls were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than the mean breeding values of smallholder bulls for birth weight (by 1·6 and 1·7 kg, respectively) and weaning weight (by 10·4 and 11·0 kg, respectively). However, seven of the 20 bulls from smallholder farms were among the top 45% of bulls with high breeding values for both birth and weaning weight. The mean breeding value of bulls from Makoholi was not different from any of the other groups, for all traits studied. It was proposed that future efforts to form nucleus herds to improve the weaning weights of indigenous cattle should include the genetic pool in smallholder farms.
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Ndudzo, Daniel. "Compatibility of Employee Personal Values with the Organisational Culture of an ODL Institution: Some observations from the Zimbabwe Open University." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 2 (2014): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1621153158.
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Ndlovu, Lovemore. "Religion Education teaching in Zimbabwe secondary schools: the search for an authentic values-oriented multi-faith Religion Education pedagogical model." British Journal of Religious Education 36, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 174–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2013.781500.
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