Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Valve cardiaque'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Valve cardiaque.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Marchand, Coralie. "Stent pour implantation percutanée d'une valve cardiaque." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807225.
Full textHeim, Frédéric Joseph. "Développement d'une prothèse de valve cardiaque en matériau textile." Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0775.
Full textThe goal of this work is to develop a textile heartvalve prosthesis concept. Textile material, thanks to its discrete structure, associâtes low bending stiffness with high membrane résistance. Different prototype manufacturing techniques and their constraints are presented. Performances of the obtained prototypes are evaluated in vitro, in terms of static and dynamic régurgitation as well as pressure drop accross the valve. The results bring to the fore which are the textile parameters (weawing, saturation index, filament diameter. . . ) and the manufacturing process that do influence the prosthesis behaviour signlf'icantly. One more aspect of this work is the visualisation of the flow accross the valve (particle image technique) in order to analyse, in a qualitative way, the influence of the textile roughness on the sinus whi'rl formation
Vincent, Henri. "Fracture tardive du montant externe d'une valve cardiaque de Bjork-Shiley : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M026.
Full textEvin, Morgane. "Caractérisation de la fonction hémodynamique suite au remplacement valvulaire mitral. Etude in-vitro." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4123.
Full textThis PhD work is divided into four different parts. the first part concerns the hemodynamic characterization by in-vitro cardiovascular testing of mitral valvular prosthesis from different manufacturers in order to provide reference values for clinical diagnosis. The second part focus on bi leaflet mechanical heart valve in each pressure recovery resulting of flow through the three orifices could lead to an overestimation of transvalvular pressure gradient. This could create ambigious assessment in case of high value of transvalvular pressure gradient. This part aims to quantify this pressure recovery and identify the influence of dysfunction (leaflet obstruction or patient prosthesis mismatch) on this value. Third part consists in valve-in-valve procedure in which a transcatheter valve is impllanted in a failled bioprosthesis. It provides in vitro testing, first globally, of assemblies composed of SAPIEN Edwards prostheses in different manufacturers' bioprosthesis.As highlighted in the previous parts inflows of the mitral prostheses can not be considered as plane and results of left atrium flow patterns. The last part studies the left atrium flow following mitral valve replacement
Miraoui, Mongi. "Etude et réalisation d'une valve à feuillets souples application à la mécanique valvulaire cardiaque." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375997245.
Full textMIRAOUI, MONGI. "Etude et realisation d'une valve a feuillets souples : application a la mecanique valvulaire cardiaque." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066420.
Full textJegaden, Olivier. "Chirurgie cardiaque mini-invasive : du concept à l'évaluation d'une instrumentation spécifique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10186/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on the evaluation studies of an instrumental platform dedicated to video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery, and of the robotic Da Vinci system in LAD bypass with mammary artery in a closed chest approach. 1) Evaluation of Portaclamp. In 20 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with Portaclamp, a clinical study showed that the clamping system is safe, fast and easy and does not generate undue morbidity. In a pig model, severe lesions of the intima were observed on the clamping spot with the endoclamp, in comparison with Portaclamp and Chitwood clamp. 2) Evaluation of Portapleg. Portapleg is an auto-suturing system dedicated to antegrade cardioplegia delivery, and based on a Nitinol clip left implanted on the aorta. In 20 patients, the closure of the puncture aortic hole and the haemostasis after protamine were obtained in all cases. The procedure did not generate undue morbidity and there was no device-related adverse event. 3) Evaluation of Mitrax’s. The Mitrax’s retractor is a pattern cut polymer sheet, self-expanding and auto-adjusting. The effectiveness of Mitrax’s was evaluated in 62 patients who consecutively underwent a video-assisted mitral valve procedure. The global satisfaction index was 4.6±0.5, demonstrating the effectiveness of the device which provides optimal exposure and excellent direct vision. 4) Comparative analysis of minimally invasive techniques for LAD revascularization with mammary artery graft (Port Access, MIDCAB, TECAB). In a prospective study, 160 patients were included. At 3-month postoperatively, the end-point of LAD reintervention were PA-CABG, 0%; MIDCAB, 1.8%; TECAB, 10%; p=0.01. At 3-year, reintervention-free survival was significantly lower in the TECAB group: PA-CABG, 100% ; MIDCAB, 98±5 % ; TECAB, 88±8 % ; p<0.05
Juthier, Francis. "Ingénierie tissulaire de valves cardiaques : apport des techniques de thérapie cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433512.
Full textDEMORTIERE, PHILIPPE. "Effets hemodynamiques de l'amrinone dans le traitement du bas debit cardiaque apres remplacement valvulaire mitral ou mitro-aortique : a propos de douze observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M450.
Full textLaali, Mojgan. "Développement d’un système magnétique d’assistance à la coaptation valvulaire cardiaque : étude de faisabilité." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0014/document.
Full textValvular heart diseases are important cardiac pathology and valvular heart insufficiency is one of them. The standard treatment is valve replacement with prosthetic valve. Lacks of ideal prosthetic valve and the drawbacks inherent in prosthetic material and anticoagulant therapy, encourage us to develop techniques of conservative surgery of the valve. Today, repair of the aortic valve remains a surgical challenge, but mitral valve repair is frequently possible. However, the result and possibility of repair depends on the mechanism of insufficiency and the extension of the lesion of the mitral valve. For overcoming all these obstacles, we proposed the theory to study of the magnetic forces of permanent magnets as an adjuvant, or as exclusive treatment to restore effective valve coaptation. To realize this idea, we based our research on three steps: 1 - Characterization of magnets required. 2 - Feasibility study of the magnets in vitro and in vivo 3 - Verification of the effectiveness of the magnetic force to achieve the desired coaptation in valvular insufficiency. This research is done in collaboration between the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery of Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital in Paris and the research group Electrodynamics - GREM3 LAPLACE Laboratory in Toulouse. The magnets were fabricated by taking into account the following factors: lowprofile and permanency; biocompatibility; the conservation of magnetization in a blood medium; mechanical flexibility of the implanted elements; and the possibility of sterilization. One of the main concerns was to elaborate the adapted intensity of the magnetic force, such that it would be sufficiently strong to close the valve, yet be weak enough to allow valve opening during cardiac cycle. To assess the feasibility, before conducting experiments in animals, in vitro data were obtained and judged appropriate by using a circulating pig heart model with a paracorporeal pneumatic (Thoratec®) ventricular assist device. The phase of animal testing was carried out by the establishment of three permanent magnets on the aortic valve in seven sheep kept alive for 3 months and the results were satisfactory: - No iatrogenic prolepses, - Perfect bio-tolerance without the need for anticoagulation - No visible inflammatory reaction at autopsy on the third postoperative month. Finally, to study the effectiveness of the magnetic force to achieve the desired coaptation in valvular insufficiency, three models of magnets have been tested on 4 sheep, but the results were not satisfactory. Currently we try to solve the problem and new magnets are by the way of conception. To our knowledge, the use of magnetic force to correct valvular incompetence has never been reported. Even if the experimental phase of magnets for treating valvular insufficiency has not reached its conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of the concept of healthy valve. This field of investigation must continue to be explored because the magnets have several advantages. On the one hand, they are technically easy to perform, and could thus allow a rapid repair. On the other hand, because of this simplicity, we could consider a percutaneous implantation, which will open a new way for conservative surgery in valvular insufficiency
Barbosa, Ribeiro Henrique. "Incidence, predictors and outcomes of myocardial injury following transcatheter aortic valve replacement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26635.
Full textL’implantation de valve aortique par cathéter (TAVI) a été développée comme une alternative thérapeutique pour les patients avec une sténose aortique sévère et ayant un risque opératoire élevé ou extrême en cas de chirurgie de remplacement valvulaire standard. Par rapport à la chirurgie à cœur ouvert classique, les procédures de TAVI sont moins invasives, parce qu'elles ne sont pas associées au clampage aortique et à la cardioplégie. Toutefois, la procédure implique un certain degré de dommage myocardique dû à la compression du tissu par le ballonnet et la prothèse transcathéter, ainsi que plusieurs courts épisodes d'hypotension extrême et d’ischémie myocardique globale, au cours de la stimulation ventriculaire rapide et du déploiement de la prothèse. De plus, l'approche transapicale, qui est réalisée lorsque l'approche transfémorale n’est pas possible, comprend la ponction de l'apex du ventricule gauche et l'introduction de larges cathéters ce qui augmente vraisemblablement encore les dommages myocardiques. En conséquence, presque tous les patients subissant un TAVI présentent un certain degré de dommage myocardique, défini par une augmentation des enzymes cardiaques, telles que la créatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), la troponine ou le peptide natriurétique de type B (BNP). Néanmoins, les données sur l'incidence exacte des dommages myocardiques, leur étendue, leurs prédicteurs, ainsi que les résultats échocardiographiques et cliniques associés, en fonction des différentes approches et prothèses sont limitées. Les objectifs généraux de mon projet de doctorat sont d'évaluer l'incidence, les facteurs prédictifs et les résultats des dommages myocardiques après TAVI pour le traitement des patients symptomatiques avec sténose aortique sévère ou bioprothèse dysfonctionnelle et à haut risque chirurgical.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a less invasive therapeutic alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients with severe aortic stenosis at very high-risk or prohibitive perioperative risk. Compared to conventional open-heart surgery, TAVR procedures are less invasive, because they are not associated with aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegia. Even so, the procedure involves some degree of myocardial injury due to tissue compression, caused by the balloon and valve prosthesis, as well as several short episodes of extreme hypotension and global ischemia, during rapid ventricular pacing and valve deployment. Also, the transapical approach, which is an alternative to the transfemoral approach, involves the puncture of the ventricular apex and the introduction of large catheters through it. Accordingly, nearly all patients undergoing TAVR present some degree of myocardial injury, as defined by any increase in cardiac biomarkers, including creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin or B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP). Nonetheless, data on the exact incidence of myocardial injury, extent, predictors, as well as the associated echocardiographic and clinical outcomes, according to the different type of TAVR procedures and transcatheter valves, have been limited. The general objectives of my PhD project are to evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcomes of myocardial injury following TAVR for the treatment of high-risk patients with severe symptomatic AS or dysfunctional aortic bioprosthesis.
Messika-Zeitoun, David. "Apport de l'imagerie dans l'évaluation, la prise en charge et la physiopathologie de la sténose aortique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077259.
Full textManagement of patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) relies on accurate assessment of AS severity. Echocardiography is the reference method but requires a careful methodology. Even nowadays, the use of the non-imaging continuous-wave Doppler transducer and the right parasternal view must be performed to accurately evaluate AS hemodynamic severity. The left ventricular outflow diameter should be precisely measured using the zoom. In case of technical difficulties the regression 5. 7 x body surface area + 12. 1 provides a useful safeguard. Works from our team and others clearly show the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients with AS. CT can provide an accurate evaluation of the aortic valve area and can be considered as an alternative to transesophageal echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. CT can also provide objective and quantitative measurement of the degree of aortic valve calcification (AVC). The relationship between AVC and hemodynamic severity measured by echocardiography is curvilinear suggesting that these measures are complementary, and indeed, AVC provides independent outcome information. Measurement of AVC is a useful tool to monitor the progression of AS and can provide unique pathophysiological insights. CT is also crucial for the workup of patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. It provides measurement of the aortic annulus and demonstrates its complex and oval shape
Dufourcq, Jean-Baptiste. "Interet du monitorage en continu du debit cardiaque par echo-doppler transoeosphagien durant l'induction de l'anesthesie : a propos de six cas de remplacement valvulaire aortique." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M241.
Full textPoline, Diane. "Apport de l'échocardiographie transœsophagienne dans le choix du traitement des thromboses de prothèse valvulaire cardiaque : à propos de 69 épisodes thrombotiques." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23017.
Full textBulaid, Driss. "Bloc auriculoventricualire appareillé après remplacement valvulaire aortique." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2M323.
Full textNecili, Yasmina. "Intérêt de la valvuloplastie mitrale percutanée : à propos de 38 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23084.
Full textRoux, Hélène. "La commissurotomie mitrale percutanée." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11030.
Full textUrena, Alcazar Marina. "Survenue des arythmies et troubles de conduction après un remplacement de la valve aortique par cathéter : incidence et impact = New-onset rhythm and conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve replacement : insight into the incidence and impact." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27076.
Full textLa sténose aortique est la cardiopathie valvulaire la plus fréquente retrouvée chez les patients agés. Suite à l’apparition des symptômes, la survie des patients diminue de façon drastique en l’absence d’un remplacement valvulaire aortique. Cependant, une proportion considérable de ces patients n’est pas opérée en raison d'un risque chirurgical élevé, l'âge étant l'une des principales raisons de refus d’un remplacement valvulaire aortique chirurgical. Ce défaut dans la prise en charge des ces patients a favorisé le développement du remplacement valvulaire aortique par cathéter où implantation valvulaire aortique par cathèter (TAVR ou TAVI), qui a représenté une révolution dans le traitement de la sténose aortique. Cette intervention est actuellement un traitement de routine chez les patients à haut risque chirurgical atteints d’une sténose aortique, même si la chirurgie cardiaque n’est pas contre-indiquée. Ces dernières années ont vu un changement de profil des candidats potentiels vers une population à plus faible risque. Cependant, plusieurs préoccupations demeurent. L’une des plus importantes est la survenue des arythmies et de troubles de conduction, notamment le bloc de branche gauche et le bloc auriculo-ventriculaire, qui sont des complications fréquemment associées au TAVR. Malgré l’évolution de la technologie et le développement de nouveaux dispositifs réduisant le taux global de complications, aucune amélioration n’a pas été intégrée pour prévenir l’apparition de telles complications. De plus, l'utilisation de certains dispositifs de nouvelle génération semble être associée à un risque accru de troubles de conduction, et par conséquent, l'incidence de ces complications pourrait augmenter dans le futur. Cependant, L'impact et l'évolution de ces complications sont inconnus. Ce travail de recherche évalue l'incidence et l'évolution des troubles de conduction suite au TAVR et l'impact des blocs de branche gauche de novo et de l'implantation d'un pacemaker sur les résultats cliniques et échocardiographiques.
The aortic stenosis is one of the most frequent valvular heart diseases, which is mostly diagnosed in older patients. With the symptoms onset, the lifespan of such patients dramatically decrease unless an aortic valve replacement is performed. However, a considerable proportion of such patients do not undergo cardiac surgery owing to a perceived high risk, being the advanced age one of main reasons to deny surgical aortic valve replacement. Such deficiency in the care of these patients has favoured the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation (TAVR or TAVI), which has revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis. This treatment is now a routine therapy in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis, even if cardiac surgery is not contraindicated. Indeed, the last years have witnessed a shift in the use of this technology to lower risk populations. TAVR technology has experienced a dramatic evolution to integrate enhanced iterations which have allowed, along with the improvement of the technology, a reduction in the risk of complications associated with this therapy. However, several concerns remain. One of them is the occurrence of arrhythmias and conductions disturbances, in particular left bundle branch block and atrioventricular block, which are frequent complications of TAVR. Despite the evolution of the technology and development of new devices leading to a reduction in the overall rate of complications, no new iterations have been integrated to prevent the occurrence of such complications. Moreover, the use of new-generation devices seems to be associated with an increased risk of such complications, and therefore, its incidence is expected to increase in the next future. Nonetheless, little is known about the impact and evolution of these disorders. This thesis evaluates the incidence and evolution of new-onset arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities after TAVR and the impact of new-onset left bundle branch block and permanent pacemaker implantation on late clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.
Palermo, Thierry. "Etude de l'effondrement d'un tube elastique encastre : modelisation d'une prothese valvulaire cardiaque." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077132.
Full textRemadi, Jean-Paul. "Huit cent soixante-dix - 870 - remplacements valvulaires mitraux par valve saint-jude médical de 1979 à 1983." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT254M.
Full textYu, Mengyao. "Exploitation des données issues d'études d'association pangénomiques pour caractériser les voies biologiques associées au risque génétique du prolapsus de la valve mitrale GWAS-driven gene-set analyses, genetic and functional follow-up suggest GLIS1 as a susceptibility gene for mitral valve prolapse Up-dated genome-wide association study and functional annotation reveal new risk loci for mitral valve prolapse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2203&f=17890.
Full textMitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart valve disease affecting nearly 1 in 40 individuals in the general population. It is the first indication for valve repair and/or replacement and moreover, a risk factor for mitral regurgitation, an established cause of endocarditis and sudden death. MVP is characterized by excess extracellular matrix secretion and cellular disorganization which leads to bulky valves that are unable to coapt correctly during ventricular systole. Even though several genes including FLNA, DCHS1 TNS1, and LMCD1 were reported to be associated with MVP, these explain partially its heritability. However, understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the genetic susceptibility to MVP is necessary to characterize its triggering mechanisms. In this thesis, I aimed 1) to characterize globally the biological mechanisms involved in the genetic risk for MVP in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and 2) improve the genotyping resolution using genetic imputation, which allowed the discovery of additional risk genes for MVP. In the first part of my study, I applied pathway enrichment tools (i-GSEA4GWAS, DEPICT) to the GWAS data. I was able to show that genes at risk loci are involved in biological functions relevant to actin filament organization, cytoskeleton biology, and cardiac development. The enrichment for positive regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, and migration motivated the follow-up of GLIS1, a transcription factor that regulates Hedgehog signalling. I followed up the association with MVP in a dataset of cases and controls from the UK Biobank and, in combination with previously available data, I found a genome-wide significant association with MVP (OR=1.22, P=4.36 ×10-10). Through collaborative efforts, immunohistochemistry experiments in mouse indicated that Glis1 is expressed during embryonic development predominantly in nuclei of endothelial and interstitial cells of mitral valves, while Glis1 knockdown using morpholinos caused atrioventricular regurgitation in zebrafish. In the second part of my work, I generated larger genotyping datasets using a imputation based on Haplotyp Refernece Consortium and TOPMed, two large and highly dense imputation panels that were recently made available. I first compared the imputation accuracy between data using HRC and TopMED and found that both panels have low imputation accuracy for rare allele (MAF<0.01). However, the imputation accuracy increased with the input sample size for common variants (MAF>0.05), especially when genotyping platforms were harmonised. I was able to fine map established loci (e.g Chr 2) and also able to identify six novel and promising associated loci. All new loci are driven by common variants that I confirmed as high profile regulatory variants through an extensive computationally-based functional annotations at promising loci that pointed at several candidate genes for valve biology and development (e.g PDGFD and ACTN4). In summary, my PhD work applied up-to-data high throughput genetic association methods and functional enrichment and annotation to GWAS data. My results provide novel insights into the genetics, molecular and cellular basis of valve disease. Further genetic confirmation through replication, but also through biological experiments are expected to consolidate these statistically and computationally supported results
Odelin, Gaëlle. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Krox20 dans le développement et la maturation des valves cardiaques chez la souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5014.
Full textLong seen as a consequence of aging and mechanical wear of aortic cusps, aortic valve diseases are currently considered multifactorial diseases, with an indisputable genetic determinism but not well characterized. My thesis aims to study the role of the transcription factor Krox20 during development and maturation of the valve through the analysis of mouse models. We have shown that this gene is necessary for the development and maturation of the aortic valve. Indeed, the deletion of Krox20 in the mouse leads to thickened aortic leaflets from the fetal stage and the onset of aortic valve disease in adults. These anomalies are associated with defects in the organization of the extracellular matrix and more particularly to direct regulsation of collagen type I and type III expression. Our analysis showed that 25% Krox20-/- mice have a bicuspid aortic valve. The analysis of this model has allowed us to identify a population of cardiac neural crest cells involved in the occurrence of this phenotype. In addition, we were able to observe a down regulation of eNos in Krox20-/- embryos and show a genetic interaction between Krox20 and eNos. To address the role of Krox20 in the process of calcification of the aortic valve, we have studied the effects of its overexpression. Our preliminary results indicate that this overexpression leads to activation of pro-fibrotic and pro-osteogenic genes, however, this is not sufficient to induce calcification of aortic valve leaflets.Therefore Krox20 is important for valvulogenesis but also for valvular homeostasis in the adult. My work has contributed to the identification of a potential candidate gene involved in human valve diseases
Dantan, Philippe. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement instationnaire d'un fluide visqueux incompressible dans une cavité de dimension variable : modélisation de l'hémodynamique cardiaque." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077023.
Full textBesch, Guillaume. "Optimisation du contrôle glycémique en chirurgie cardiaque : variabilité glycémique, compliance aux protocoles de soins, et place des incrétino-mimétiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE016/document.
Full textStress hyperglycemia and glycemic variability are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. Intravenous (IV) insulin therapy using complex dynamic protocols is the gold standard treatment for stress hyperglycemia. If the optimal blood glucose target range remains a matter of debate, blood glucose control using IV insulin therapy protocols has become part of the good clinical practices during the postoperative period, but implies a significant increase in nurse workload. In the 1st part of the thesis, we aimed at checking the nurse-compliance to the insulin therapy protocol used in our Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit 7 years after its implementation. Major deviations have been observed and simple corrective measures have restored a high level of nurse compliance. In the 2nd part of this thesis, we aimed at assessing whether blood glucose variability could be related to poor outcome in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients, as reported in more invasive cardiac surgery procedures. The analysis of data from patients who undergone TAVI in our institution and included in the multicenter France and France-2 registries suggested that increased glycemic variability is associated with a higher rate of major adverse events occurring between the 3rd and the 30th day after TAVI, regardless of hyperglycemia. In the 3rd part if this thesis, we conducted a randomized controlled phase II/III trial to investigate the clinical effectiveness of IV exenatide in perioperative blood glucose control after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Intravenous exenatide failed to improve blood glucose control and to decrease glycemic variability, but allowed to delay the start in insulin infusion and to lower the insulin dose required. Moreover, IV exenatide could allow a significant decrease in nurse workload. The ancillary analysis of this trial suggested that IV exenatide did neither provide cardio protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries nor improve the left ventricular function by using IV exenatide. Strategies aiming at improving nurse compliance to insulin therapy protocols and at reducing blood glucose variability could be suitable to improve blood glucose control in cardiac surgery patients. The use of the analogues of GLP-1 in cardiac surgery patients needs to be investigated otherwise
Sabbah, Maher. "Méthodologie pour la synchronisation cardiaque et respiratoire : application à l'imagerie RMN haute résolution chez le petit animal." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1614.
Full textDouble cardiac and respiratory gating methods help to follow the progression of the disease of transgenic mice's vessel wall using cardiovascular MRI, which is limited by motion artefacts and anatomical small sized structures. Such experiments are affected by the hostile MR environment and require appropriate signal processing and correct QRS detection, but gating software methods are currently limited. We have developed digital real-time gating model which allowed that high-resolution MR images of mouse hearts and aortic arches could acquired using a chain consisting of ECG signal detection, digital signal processing and acquisition window generation. Three signal processing techniques were validated by simulation, then in real time during unique cardiac gating; furthermore a processing/detection method was optimized with respect to ECG signal SNR increasing and R waves detection's precision rates. Finally, the method efficiency was proved using double gating, using pressure transducer or ECG amplitude demodulation, and contrast enhancement of the carotid wall was evaluated. Ln further studiers, the graphical user interface tool that managed the three real time gating strategies will be applied to molecular imaging of atherosclerosis lesions in mice and associated to an large band ECG amplifier in order to clearly define subject's physiopathology state
Mazenc, Marie-Hélène. "Remplacement valvulaire cardiaque par prothèse biologique valvulaire Xenotech (Medtronic intact) : à propos de 107 observations." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11167.
Full textBonhomme, Stéphanie. "Insuffisance tricuspide, première manifestation d'une tumeur carnicoi͏̈de de l'ovaire : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130035.
Full textPerez, Thierry. "Traitement fibrinolytique des thromboses de valves cardiaques mécaniques chez l'enfant." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23092.
Full textVincent, Flavien. "Facteur Willebrand et modifications hémodynamiques associées à l’utilisation de dispositifs cardiovasculaires : mécanisme et applications cliniques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S039/document.
Full textWillebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric protein that has a unique sensitivity to shear forces and hemodynamic variations in blood flow such as those encountered when using cardiovascular devices such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) or continuous flow mechanical circulatory assistance (CF-CAM)
Megdich, Hechmi. "Les anomalies valvulaires et de l'aorte ascendante au cours de la polykystose rénale de l'adulte." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M110.
Full textCourtault, Carine. "Complications des fibrinolyses de thromboses de prothèses mécaniques de valves cardiaques." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M070.
Full textCheradame, Isabelle. "Intérêt de l'échocardiographie transœsophagienne dans les suspicions de dysfonction de prothèse valvulaire." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23096.
Full textCurtil, Alain. "Contribution au développement d'un nouveau type de substitut valvulaire biologique : recolonisation de matrices porcines lyophilisées par des cellules humaines autologues." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T309.
Full textFaggianelli-Conrozier, Nathalie. "Deciphering the roles of Klf2a, Klf2b and Egr1 transcription factors in heart valve development using zebrafish as model organism." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ128.
Full textCardiac valves are necessary for maintaining a unidirectional blood flow in the cardiovascular system of vertebrates. Their efficient gating function requires a highly controlled developmental program. However, this program may be impaired and thus leading to defective valves. In fact, congenital heart valve diseases represent the most common form of birth defects. Therefore, cardiac valve development studies constitute a challenging research field. In this thesis, we used the zebrafish as a model organism for studying the formation of atrioventricular valves. To date, it is known that mechanical forces generated by blood flow constitute key modulators dictating valve formation. In particular, they initiate valvulogenesis by restricting the expression of the transcription factor Klf2a in a subset of endocardial cells of the atrio-ventricular canal. Our work demonstrated the activation of another transcription factor, Egr1, in this same region and within the same time window. We aimed at deciphering the mechanosentitive gene network involving klf2a, its paralog klf2b as well as egr1, by combining genome-wide analysis of gene expression and chromatin accessibility with live imaging. We addressed the potential interactions of these factors and studied their downstream signalling pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that egr1, klf2a/klf2b modulates valve morphogenesis by specifically controlling flt1, has2 and wnt9b expression
Adam, Marie-Christine. "Le diagnostic des dysfonctions de protheses valvulaires cardiaques : apport de l'echocardiographie par voie transoesophagienne." Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM040.
Full textPIERRE-JUSTIN, EDDIE. "Du devenir des abces periprothetiques valvulaires cardiaques : a propos de 16 cas ; interet de l'eto." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1MS27.
Full textPicard-Deland, Maxime. "Valves cardiaques par génie tissulaire : simplification des essais et concept tubulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26908.
Full textHigh hopes are placed on tissue engineered heart valves to circumvent the restricted availability of allografts, the coagulation risks caused by mechanical valves and the limited durability of pericardial bioprostheses. With the self-assembly method, the only support for the cells is the extracellular matrix they themselves produce, allowing the tissue to be completely free from exogenous materials during its entire fabrication cycle. The project was preceded by those of the doctorate students Catherine Tremblay and Véronique Laterreur, who developed a new method to produce auto-assembled molded valves and a new version of the bioreactor used by our group, respectively. During this master, the new bioreactor has been adapted to a sterile use with living tissues and the molded valves method has been modified and tested with the production of 4 prototypes, which didn't provide satisfying results during their bioreactor trials. A new fabrication method was thus developed. Recently, the tubular shape has been suggested as a simple and effective geometry for tissue engineered heart valves, allowing easy fabrication, fast implantation, and minimal crimped footprint from a transcatheter delivery perspective. This minimalistic design is also well-suited for the self-assembly method, which has already proven its potential for small diameter vascular grafts. A total of 11 tubular constructs were produced by rolling self-assembled human fibroblastic sheets on solid mandrels. After maturation, the tissues were transferred onto smaller diameter mandrels to allow their free contraction. The characterization of two control tubes revealed that while preventing further contraction in the bioreactor, this precontraction phase was also beneficial for the tissue properties. The final prototypes could withstand a physiological pulmonary flow. This new method shows that the self-assembly process could be used to achieve functional tubular heart valves.
Amri, Amna. "Valve de substitution textile en polyéthylène téréphtalate PET : optimisation et fonctionnalisation du matériau." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67974.
Full textLe remplacement de la valve aortique par chirurgie non invasive TAVR est devenu une alternative au remplacement à cœur ouvert chez des patients à haut risque chirurgical. En 2018, plus de 300 000 patients à travers le monde ont reçu une valve aortique par voie transcathéter ce qui représente un marché mondial d'une valeur de 2 milliards de dollars par an. Cependant la durée de vie du tissu biologique utilisé pour réaliser les feuillets valvulaires dans les dispositifs existants reste une problématique à résoudre, car il existe très peu de données cliniques sur le sujet. En effet, l’implantation transcathéter impose des contraintes spécifiques, qui tendent à dégrader et fragiliser le matériau dont la durée de vie devient limitée. Le succès de la procédure TAVR favorise la recherche des matériaux synthétiques de remplacement valvulaires comme alternatives aux tissus biologiques, dont la durabilité reste inconnue. En particulier, la valve textile a récemment prouvé sa durabilité sur une étude In Vivo de 6 mois effectuée sur des moutons. La fibrose et la calcification restent cependant des facteurs critiques à contourner. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse s’inscrit dans la perspective de développer des stratégies pour améliorer labio compatibilité de la valve de substitution textile en polyéthylène téréphtalate PET. Dans le cadre de ce projet, deux stratégies ont été investiguées parallèlement pour limiter les problématiques de biocompatibilité de la valve textile. Premièrement, une fonctionnalisation de la valve textile au Polyéthylène glycol a été effectué pour augmenter son caractère hydrophile ce qui limiterait la fibrose. La valve est traitée en surface au plasma pour ne pas compromettre la flexibilité et les propriétés mécaniques du matériau textile. Une caractérisation du traitement ainsi que des études in vitro complétées par deux implantations in vivo ont été réalisées. Deuxièmement, un concept innovant de la valve hybride a été étudié. Ce concept consiste à élaborer un textile hybride composé d’un tissé de polytéréphtalathe d’éthylène (PET) auquel sera adjoint un textile non tissé de microfibres de PET afin de limiter la fibrose. Les caractéristiques physiques et les performances mécaniques de cette valve hybride ont été étudiées. Cette stratégie a été complétée par l’étude des intéractions du substrat de textile hybride avec les cellules. Des textiles hybrides de différents types ont été considérés pour démontrer l’influence de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques sur le comportement cellulaire. Cette étude vient confirmer le potentiel du concept de la valve hybride pour limiter le phénomène de fibrose Dans l’ensemble, ce projet de recherche a mis en évidence que ces deux stratégies ont bel et bien limité la fibrose mais ils ont révélé une problématique de calcification qui est critique dans la mesure où elle provoque la rigidification des feuillets de la valve. Plusieurs stratégies seront discutées pour limiter ce phénomène.
Over the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an accepted alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for over 300.000 patients worldwide in 2018, representing a global market worth-2 billion per year. This non-invasive technique provides increased comfort to the patient but is today mainly used for critical patients who cannot undergo classic surgery. Currently, the valve material used in the TAVR procedure is made of biologic tissues. However, there is a lack of data about the long-term durability of biological tissues used in transcatheter devices. Consequently, future devices should be manufactured with a smaller diameter in order to be more easily inserted through already diseased artery networks. Accordingly, it is of interest to investigate the potential of synthetic valve leaflet materials as an alternative to biological tissues. In particular, textile valves have recently proven durability in vivo over a 6 months period in animal sheep models. Exaggerated fibrotic tissue formation remains, however, a critical issue to be addressed. In this context, the aim of this work is to investigate strategies to improve the biocompatibility of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile valve. As part of this project, two strategies were studied in order to limit the problems of biocompatibility of the textile valve. The first strategy consists on investigating the potential of PET textiles covalently conjugated with PEG to modulate the fibrosis formation both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, the surfaces of heart valves made of PET textiles were functionalized using an atmospheric pressure plasma in a gas environment enabling the formation of carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups on the surface of the material and further conjugated with PEGNH2. PEGylated surfaces were then characterized, and cell culture was carried out using rat cardiac fibroblast cells. In addition, an in vivo implantation of a PEG treated valve in a juvenile sheep model was performed and showed a significant fibrosis reduction. The implantation also revealed calcification issues that need to be addressed. The second strategy consists on investigating the design of a composite hybrid fibrous construction combining a woven PET layer and a non-woven PET mat, which are expected to provide respectively strength and appropriate topography towards limited fibrotic tissue ingrowth. For that purpose, a specific equipment has been developed to produce slight non-woven PET mats. These mats were assembled with woven PET substrates using various assembling techniques in order to obtain hybrid fibrous constructions. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained materials were assessed and valve samples were manufactured to be tested in vitro for hydrodynamic performances. Then, a study of the interactions of the hybrid textile substrate with cells was conducted. Hybrid textiles of different types have been explored to demonstrate the influence of their physicochemical properties on cellular behavior. Results bring out that the composite hybrid fibrous construction is characterized by properties suitable for the valve leaflet function and for limiting the phenomenon of fibrosis, but the durability of the assembling is however limited under accelerated cyclic loading. Briefly, this research project revealed that these two strategies did indeed limit fibrosis, but that there is another problem of calcification that is critical as it stiffens the leaflets of the valve. Several strategies will be discussed to limit this phenomenon.
BERT-MARCAZ, PATRICK. "Analyse comparee des donnees cliniques de l'endocardite infectieuse et de l'examen histopathologique des valves cardiaques : a propos de 28 observations." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M273.
Full textBouchard, Martel Joanie. "Caractérisation des cellules interstitielles des quatre différentes valves cardiaques chez le porc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25315/25315.pdf.
Full textMasson, Catherine, and Paul J. T. Filippi. "Etude experimentale et analyse des processus d'emission sonore des valves cardiaques artificielles." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22104.
Full textBenard, Laëtitia. "Analyse protéomique de Staphylococcus aureus dans l'infection prothétique en chirurgie cardiaque et vasculaire." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUENR03.
Full textMechanical heart valves and vascular protheses are routinely implanted. Despite of rigorous aseptie, prosthetic infection arises in 5% of the cases. Afetr the adhesion phase, a mature biofilm appeared leading to a sepsis, highly resistant to antibiotherapy. Better knowledge of factors promoting bacterial adhesion could allow to prevent and diagnose this tpe of infection. The aims of this study are to determine the phenotypical changes of S. Aureus , a major pathogenn, that occure during the adhesion on cardiovascular prostheses. We have studied the phisico-chemical interactions between bacteria and support. Then, we have determined the proteomic changes of S. Aureux during the adhesion on four types of cardiovascular protheses and we have identified proteins of interest
Bardet, Marie Claudine. "Analyse d' une population de rétrécissements aortiques calcifiés : étude du pronostic et de l' évolution en particulier échographique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF11044.
Full textBagur, Rodrigo Hernan. "Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29420/29420.pdf.
Full textRambeau, Pierre. "Rôle des forces hémodynamiques sur l’expression de composants de la matrice extracellulaire au cours du développement normal et pathologique de la valve aortique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT072.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis work was to hilight the importance of hemodynamic forces in normal heart development. These forces, caused by the contractions of the cardiac tube since the earliest steps of embryogenesis, will act on the primitive vasculature and generate a mechanical stress constituting a differenciation signal for the endothelial cells. The transduction of this signal, mediated by the non-selective mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo, will induce a change in the genetic expression profile within the endothelium and surrounding tissues, and therefore contribute to the development of specialised cardiac structures. By using several in situ hybridisation technics coupled with pharmacological treatments and antisense morpholino knock-down injections, we could reveal in zebrafish that the cardiac expression of aggrecan a, a gene coding a proteoglycane allowing for tissue compression resistance, depends on hemodynamic forces. The expression of this gene, restraint to the outflow tract (OFT) of the heart, is found to be localised in cells surrounding the endothelium. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis knock-out and morpholino injection induced knock-down of aggrecan a provoke the apparition of a phenotype characterised by a heart edema and developmental and cardiac chambers arrangement defects. Continuing with knock-down experiments on zebrafish, we demonstrated that the loss of expression of aggrecan a results in OFT underdevelopment, and that this hypoplasia strongly affects cardiac performance. These experimental results are concordant with the transcriptomics analysis on human valve tissue, showing a dramatic loss of expression of the AGGRECAN gene in the aortic valves of patients suffering from type 0 bicuspidy. This strongly suggests the association of this gene’s expression abnormalities with the development of this type of congenital heart defects in Humans. In a similar manner, we performed chromogenic and fluorescent in situ hybridisation experiments in order to reveal the cardiac expression profile of the spp1 gene. This gene codes an extracellular matrix protein involved in mineralisation and cell migration, and is found to be expressed at the level of the atrioventricular and aortic valve formation sites. Antisense morpholino injections induced the loss of expression of tnnt2, a gene that is essential for cardiac contraction, and allowed us to confirm that the expression of spp1 is hemodynamically dependent. The knock-down of piezo1b gave similar results, thus confirming its mechanotransducing role. The knock-down of spp1 by morpholino injection revealed dysmorphic aortic valve cusps development at 6 days when observed in vivo on a biphotonic microscopy setup. In parallel, we created a spp1 knock-out line using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, then confirmed the insertion of a premature STOP codon in the coding sequence of spp1 by sequencing. However, we were not able to detect any phenotype in these fish, suggesting the emergence of a compensation phenomenon that degrades nonsense mRNA (Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay). In order to cope with this issue, we strated new knock-out experiments, using a « RNA-less » spp1 promoter sequence excision strategy. Finally, we identified human mutations in the SPP1 orthologous gene in patients suffering from congenital aortopathies, including a rare 4 nucleotides deletion that a priori induces the loss of the C-terminal part of the protein, involved in the binding of CD44. These results show the interest of the zebrafish as a model for mutations validation and determination of their impact on congenital heart defects in Humans
Laffort, Patrick. "Intérêt de l'association aspirine-anticoagulants dans la prévention des évènements thromboemboliques précoces après remplacement valvulaire mécanique mitral." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23094.
Full textLachance, Geneviève. "Conception d'un bioréacteur dédié à la culture de valves aortiques cardiaques produites par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26709/26709.pdf.
Full textGilles, Yves Michel. "Evaluation fonctionnelle de la valvuloplastie mitrale percutanée par épreuve d'effort et mesure des échanges gazeux respiratoires." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M185.
Full textHeckel, Emilie. "Mécanodétection des forces hémodynamiques lors du développement endocardique chez l'espèce Danio rerio." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ103/document.
Full textMechanical forces that dictate valve formation are not well understood. In zebrafish, blood flow induces expression of the transcription factor klf2a in a specific subset of endocardial cells that will go on to form functional valves. We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms activating this flow-induced valve formation. By altering and modifying blood flow patterns, we observed that flow-mediated forces are necessary to control early klf2a expression and endocardial cell numbers. We then looked at different mechanosensors operating at early stages of valve development. Using in vivo labelling, we identified primary cilia in the endocardium and showed that the membrane channels TRPP2 and TRPV4 increase intracellular calcium which activates a PKC-PKD2-HDAC5 pathway necessary for klf2a expression in response to flow. Together these data suggest a role for TRPV4, TRPP2 and the recently described PKC-PKD2-HDAC5 signalling pathway in klf2a-mediated valvulogenesis
Salaun, Erwan. "Imagerie multimodale en cardiologie : application à la surveillance des bioprothèses aortiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0722/document.
Full textThe incidence and prevalence of heart valve diseases are increasing worldwide. Their epidemiology also changes, and the required treatment is most often a prosthetic valve replacement, especially for aortic stenosis that is the most frequent heart valve disease. Techniques of valve replacement as well as prosthesis themselves have dramatically evolved in recent years, especially with the development of percutaneous transcatheter procedures. However, biologic aortic valve substitutes are at risk of several complications including prosthetic valve dysfunction, paravalvular regurgitation, infective endocarditis and structural valve deterioration. Correctly diagnose any of these complications still is a challenge but echocardiography plays a pivotal role and remains the gold-standard as per diagnostic imaging. Nonwithsanding the fact that echocardiography is the main imaging modality for valvular anomalies, great progress has been made in cardiac imaging and modalities like CT-Scan, MRI and nuclear imaging are nowadays regularly used along with echocardiography. The use and combination of these different techniques are part of a global approach, entitled multi-modality imaging.The general objective of this doctoral project was to study the contribution of the multi-imaging approach in the assessment of the bioprosthesis function and screening for complications and structural valve deterioration that may occur